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The "'''Lost Lands'''" are areas along the east side of the ], which certain Welsh nationalists{{who|date=August 2014}} still consider to be Welsh.{{vague|date=August 2014}} These are distinguished from the formerly Brythonic areas of the west of England, e.g. Cumbria, which ceased to be Welsh speaking very early on.

Areas considered to be Lost Lands include parts of the counties of ], ], ] and ].{{cn|date=August 2014}} Some of these areas{{vague|date=August 2014}} were Welsh speaking after the ].{{cn|date=August 2014}} On the other hand, the status of ] as part of Wales continues to be controversial.{{dubious|date=August 2014}}

The Lost Lands Liberation League run by ] is an organisation specifically dedicated to try and recover these lands for Wales.{{cn|date=August 2014}} Other Welsh nationalist organisations have campaigned on the issue,{{clarify|date=August 2014}} although ] itself does not include it as part of its platform.

==History==
{{importance-section|date=August 2014}}
The ], administered from ], was initially established in 1472 by ] to govern the lands held under the Principality of Wales which had become directly administered by the English crown following the ] in the 13th century.<ref name=EnglishLaw>William Searle Holdsworth, "A History of English Law," Little, Brown, and Company, 1912, pg. 502</ref>

Some Marcher lordships were added to adjoining English counties: ], ], ] and part of ] were incorporated into Shropshire; ], ], ] and most of ] were included in Herefordshire; and that part of ] east of the ] was included in ].

The Council of Wales, based at ], was reconstituted as the ], with statutory responsibilities for the whole of Wales together with, initially, ], Shropshire, Herefordshire, ] and ]. The ] was exempted in 1562, and Cheshire in 1569.<ref name=wjec></ref><ref></ref> The Council was eventually abolished in 1689, following the "]" which overthrew ] (VII of Scotland) and established ] (William of ]) as king.

=== Formation of "England and Wales" and county boundaries ===
{{main|Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542}}

However, the Marches remained outside the shire system, and at least nominally outside the control of the English monarchy, until the first ] was introduced in 1535 under ]. This, and a further Act in 1542, had the effect of annexing Wales to ] and creating a single state and legal ], commonly referred to as ]. The powers of the marcher lordships were abolished, and their areas formed into new counties, or amalgamated into existing ones.

At this point, the boundary between England and Wales, which has existed ever since, was effectively fixed. In the border areas, five new counties were created - Denbighshire, Montgomeryshire, Radnorshire, Brecknockshire and Monmouthshire - and Flintshire gained some additional territory. However, several of the marcher lordships were incorporated in whole or in part into English counties. The lordships of Ludlow, Clun, ] and part of Montgomery were incorporated into Shropshire; and ], ], ] and most of ] were included in Herefordshire. According to John Davies:<ref name=davies>John Davies, ''A History of Wales'', Penguin, 1993, ISBN 0-14-028475-3</ref>

<blockquote>Thus was created the border between Wales and England, a border which has survived until today. It did not follow the old line of Offa's Dyke nor the eastern boundary of the Welsh dioceses; it excluded districts such as Oswestry and Ewias, where the Welsh language would continue to be spoken for centuries, districts which it would not be wholly fanciful to consider as ''Cambria irredenta''. Yet, as the purpose of the statute was to incorporate Wales into England, the location of the Welsh border was irrelevant to the purposes of its framers.</blockquote>

An 1844 Act of Parliament later abolished several ]s. One of these, ], was an exclave of Monmouthshire between Gloucestershire and Herefordshire.

==Placenames==
{{importance-section|date=August 2014}}
In general, ] are found to the west of the border, and those of English origin to the east. However, many historically Welsh names are also found east of the border, particularly around ] in northern Shropshire, such as ]; in southern Shropshire, such as ]; and in southern Herefordshire, such as ] and ]. Most of these areas were not incorporated fully into England until the 16th century,{{clarify|date=August 2014}} and native Welsh speakers still lived there until at least the 19th century.

==See also==
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]

==References==
<references/>

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