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| {{Short description|Turkish folk dance}} | |||
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| '''Horon''' ({{langx|pnt|χορόν|khorón}}; ]: oxoronu ) is a group of traditional ]s from the ] in ]. | |||
| '''''Horon''''' (])<ref>http://www.nisanyansozluk.com/?k=horon</ref> or '''''khoron''''' ({{lang-tr|horon}}), which is related to Modern Greek χορός (''chorós''),{{cn|date=June 2014}} refers to a group of ]s from the ] of ]. It retains aspects of ] and ] ] styles.{{cn|date=June 2014}} The dances called ''horoi'' ({{lang-el|χοροί}}), singular also ''horos'', meaning literally “dance” in both Ancient (cf. also όρχησις) and modern Greek language, are circular in nature and are each characterized by distinct short steps. Today they are also danced in those regions of ] where ] refugees established themselves after ]. | |||
| ==Name== | |||
| Horon has tight relation to ]n dance ] ({{lang-ka|ხორუმი}}), originated in ], which is located in the southwestern region of Georgia at the ] coast. | |||
| ===Etymology=== | |||
| The term ''horon'' derives from Greek '']'' ({{langx|el|χορός|khorós}}, see ]), which means "dance." The earliest instance of its usage in a Turkic language is in ] from 1303.<ref name = "Nişanyan">{{cite web |last1=Nişanyan |first1=Sevan |title=horon |url=https://www.nisanyansozluk.com/kelime/horon |website=NişanyanSözlük |access-date=7 November 2022}}</ref> | |||
| In the provinces of ] and ], the term ''horan'' is used instead of ''horon''.<ref name = "Gazimihal">{{cite book |last1=Gazimihal |first1=Mahmut R. |title=Türk halk oyunları kataloğu |date=1991 |publisher=Kültür Bakanlığı |isbn=978-975-17-0920-2 |page=152 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GfYrAAAAIAAJ&q=horan+ordu |access-date=7 November 2022 |language=tr}}</ref> | |||
| Many Pontian dances are almost identical in steps to Greek dances. Pontian dances also resemble Persian and Middle Eastern dances in that they are not led, with no single leader in the dance formation. This is different from Greek dances but is a widespread aspect of Persian and Middle Eastern dances. A unique aspect of Pontian dance is the ''tremoulo'', which is a fast shaking of the upper torso by a turning of the back on its axis. | |||
| ===Variants=== | |||
| The rapid shoulder and upper body movements from the waist might have evolved only in modern times, during the Ottoman reign, as some people seem to believe.{{fact|date=September 2014}} These movements are said to have derived from the shimmying of the little silver ] fish (Turkish ''hamsi'') found in mass abundance in the ], which has worked its way into an inseparable part of northern Anatolian culture.{fact}} It is said that long sea journeys and merchant exchanges, or perhaps the migration of troops as far away as ] en route to the Holy Land exposed foreign people with these dance styles.{{fact|date=September 2014}} Some think{{who|date=June 2014}} that the ] and thus its modern version, the River Dance, may have its roots from this exposure.{{fact|date=September 2014}} | |||
| Over 50 variations of horon have been identified in a single region.<ref name=AAT>{{Cite web |title= Horon Folk Dance |website= All about Turkey |url= https://www.allaboutturkey.com/horon.html |access-date= 2023-09-22}}</ref> | |||
| == |
==Origin== | ||
| ''Horon'' or ''horonu'' is the Turkish equivalent of the ] war dance of the ], resembling the ancient Greek ''Pyrrhic'' armed dance.<ref name=PW>{{cite web |title= The Serra (Horon) |date= 22 February 2017 |website= PontosWorld |url= https://pontosworld.com/index.php/music/dances/586-the-serra |access-date= 12 February 2024}}</ref> | |||
| ] | |||
| * '']'' (ομάλ), meaning “the calm, normal one”, in Turkish ''düz horon'' | |||
| == Dance == | |||
| * '']'' (τικ), from “perpendicular”, in Turkish ''dik'' | |||
| The horon is typically performed by a group of men or women in a line or semicircle. This dance form involves fast shoulder shimmy (Greek: Τρέμουλο, tremoulo), trembling of the entire body, and sudden squats.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 9 Turkish Culture, Customs and Etiquette |url=https://toplist.info/top-list/turkish-culture-customs-and-etiquette-8098.htm |access-date=2023-09-22 |website=toplist.info |language=en}}</ref> Horon dances require speed and agility in a dancer.<ref name="AAT" /> | |||
| ** ''Argon'' (αργόν), meaning “the slow one” | |||
| ** ''Tromakton'' (τρομαχτόν), meaning “the fierce one”, in Turkish ''titreme horonu'' | |||
| ** ''So gonaton'' (σο γόνατον), meaning “on the knee” | |||
| ** ''Langefton'' (λαγκευτόν), meaning “the jumped, hopped one” | |||
| ** ''Karslidikon'' (καρσλίδικον), meaning “the one from ]” | |||
| ** ''Diplon'' (διπλόν), meaning “the double one” | |||
| * ''] or Giavaston'' (διπάτ, γιαβαστόν), meaning “double step”, in Turkish ''ikiayak horon'' | |||
| * ''Ters'' (τερς), meaning “the wrong or incorrect one” from Turkish ''ters'' (the dance exists in two versions, one from the ] town and district in ], one from Kioumoush Maten) | |||
| * ''Tas'' (τας) | |||
| * ''Trigona'' (τρυγόνα), meaning “pigeon” or Turkish ''dirvana'' (which exists in different versions in ], ], ]) | |||
| * ''Seranitsa'' (σερανίτσα) or ''Laz horon'', referring to the ] (two versions from Trapezounta and ]) | |||
| * '']'' (σέρρα), named after the ] (]); in Turkish ''sıksara horon'' | |||
| * ''Masher'' or ''Maheria'' (Μαχαίρια) or ] (πυρήχειος, Turkish ''bıçak oyunu''), an ancient Greek dance described by the ancient historian ] as picturing “the sound of fire” (in the film '']'', ] dances the Masher) | |||
| * ''Kots'' (κοτς), meaning “heel dance” | |||
| * '']'' (κότσαρι), an ] folk dance, meaning “heel dance”, Turkish koçari | |||
| * ''Almatsouk'' (αλματσούκ) | |||
| * ''Titara'' (τίταρα, existing in two version from ] and Kars) | |||
| * ''Giurvalandun'' (γιουρβαλαντούν) | |||
| * ''Samson'' (σαμσόν), “from ]” | |||
| * ''Etere'' (έτερε) | |||
| * '']'' (καρσιλαμάς), from ], from Turkish '']'' “face to face” | |||
| * ''Pipilomatena'' (πιπιλομάτενα), meaning “with soft eyes” | |||
| * ''Tsurtuguzus'' (τσουρτούγουζους) | |||
| * ''Momogera'' (μομόγερα), meaning “immature old man”, Turkish ''momoyer'' | |||
| * '']'' (ατσαπάτ), from Turkish ] | |||
| * ''Gemura'' (γέμουρα), meaning “from ]”, a town close to Trabzon | |||
| * ''Diplon Omal'' (διπλόν ομάλ), meaning “double calm” | |||
| * ''Kalon Korits'' (καλόν κορίτσ), meaning “good girl” | |||
| * ''Kymishanalidikon'' (κιμισχαναλίδικον), meaning from ] | |||
| * ''Dolme'' (ντολμέ) | |||
| * ''Utsai'' (ούτσαϊ) | |||
| * ''Sarikuz'' (σαρικουζ), from Turkish ''sarı kız'' “blond girl” | |||
| * ''Siton'' (σιτόν) | |||
| * ''Tamsara'' (τάμσαρα), “from ] town”, ] | |||
| * ''Tyrfon'' (τυρφόν) | |||
| * ''Fona'' (φόνα) | |||
| * ''Hala-Hala'' (χάλα-χάλα) | |||
| * ''Halai'' (χαλάϊ), a variant of the ] dance | |||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| ;Associated category | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| ;Similar dances | |||
| *] | |||
| *], Levantine folk dance | |||
| *], Assyrian folk dance | |||
| *], folk dance from the Armenian Highlands | |||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
| {{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
| ==External links== | |||
| * | |||
| {{Balkan music}} | |||
| {{Greek dances}} | {{Greek dances}} | ||
| {{Turkish dances}} | {{Turkish dances}} | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | |||
Latest revision as of 02:34, 23 October 2024
Turkish folk dance For other uses, see Horon (disambiguation).
Horon (Pontic: χορόν, romanized: khorón; Laz: oxoronu ) is a group of traditional folk dances from the Eastern Black Sea Region in Turkey.
Name
Etymology
The term horon derives from Greek choros (Greek: χορός, romanized: khorós, see chorus), which means "dance." The earliest instance of its usage in a Turkic language is in Codex Cumanicus from 1303.
In the provinces of Ordu and Giresun, the term horan is used instead of horon.
Variants
Over 50 variations of horon have been identified in a single region.
Origin
Horon or horonu is the Turkish equivalent of the serra war dance of the Pontian Greeks, resembling the ancient Greek Pyrrhic armed dance.
Dance
The horon is typically performed by a group of men or women in a line or semicircle. This dance form involves fast shoulder shimmy (Greek: Τρέμουλο, tremoulo), trembling of the entire body, and sudden squats. Horon dances require speed and agility in a dancer.
See also
- Associated category
- Similar dances
- Dabke, Levantine folk dance
- Khigga, Assyrian folk dance
- Tamzara, folk dance from the Armenian Highlands
References
- Nişanyan, Sevan. "horon". NişanyanSözlük. Retrieved 7 November 2022.
- Gazimihal, Mahmut R. (1991). Türk halk oyunları kataloğu (in Turkish). Kültür Bakanlığı. p. 152. ISBN 978-975-17-0920-2. Retrieved 7 November 2022.
- ^ "Horon Folk Dance". All about Turkey. Retrieved 2023-09-22.
- "The Serra (Horon)". PontosWorld. 22 February 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
- "Top 9 Turkish Culture, Customs and Etiquette". toplist.info. Retrieved 2023-09-22.