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{{short description|Ethnically Romanian population outside Romania and Moldova}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Romanians}} {{Romanians}}
[[File:Romanian people around the world.svg|thumb|Countries with significant Romanian population and descendants (as of 2020).<br />
The '''Romanian diaspora''' is the ] population outside ] and ]. The concept does not usually include the ethnic ] who live as natives in nearby states, chiefly those Romanians who live in ] and ]. Therefore, the number of all Romanians abroad is estimated at about 4-12 million people, depending on one's definition of the term "Romanian" as well as the inclusion/exclusion of ethnic ] living in nearby countries where they are indigenous. The definition of "who is a Romanian?" may range from rigorous conservative estimates based on ] and official statistics to estimates that include people of Romanian ancestry born in their respective countries as well as people born to ethnic-minorities from Romania.
{{Legend|#000000|Romania}}
{{Legend|#00133D|+ 1,000,000}}
In 2006, the Romanian diaspora was estimated at about 8 million people by the president of Romania, ], most of them living in the former ], ] (esp. ], ] and ], see ]), ], ] and ].<ref></ref> It is unclear if Băsescu included the indigenous ] living in the immediate surroundings of the ] such as those in ], ] or ]. It is also unclear if Băsescu counted religious minorities such as ]s ethnic ], ethnic ] who are native to Northern Romania, also known as '']'' or '']'' and ] of ] origins as Romanians when he made his estimate, as well as third-generation individuals in the ] and ].
{{Legend|#002B80|+ 100,000}}
{{Legend|#2975FF|+ 10,000}}
{{Legend|#94BAFF|+ 1,000}}|300x300px]]


The '''Romanian diaspora''' is the ] population outside ] and ]. The concept does not usually include the ethnic ] who live as natives in nearby states, chiefly those Romanians who live in ], ], ], and ]. Therefore, the number of all Romanians abroad is estimated at 4–12 million people, depending on one's definition of the term "Romanian" as well as the inclusion respectively exclusion of ethnic ] living in nearby countries where they are indigenous. The definition of "who is a Romanian?" may range from rigorous conservative estimates based on ] and official statistics to estimates that include people of Romanian ancestry born in their respective countries as well as people born to various ethnic-minorities from Romania. As of 2015/16, over 97% of Romanian emigrants resided in OECD countries; and about 90% of Romanian emigrants in OECD countries lived in ], with the most common country of residence being ].<ref name="oecd-ilibrary.org">{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/27927b96-en/index.html?itemId=/content/component/27927b96-en |access-date=2024-03-14 |website=www.oecd-ilibrary.org |language=en}}</ref> The vast majority of Romanian emigrants are based in just ten countries, with the most common countries being Italy, Germany, Spain, United Kingdom, United States, Hungary, France and Canada.<ref name="oecd-ilibrary.org"/>
In December 2013, Cristian David, the government minister for ''The Department of Romanians Everywhere'', declared that a new reality illustrates that between 6-8 million Romanians live outside Romania's borders. This includes 2-3 million indigenous Romanians living in neighbouring states such as Ukraine, Hungary, Serbia, Bulgaria, the Balkans and especially the ]. The number also includes circa 2.7 - 3.5 million Romanians in Western Europe.<ref></ref>


Over one million Romanians ]. Large Romanian populations exist in ], the ] and ], with the latter including many ].
Below is a list of self-declared ethnic ] in the countries where they live, excluding those who live in ] and ] but including those who live in ], ], ] and ]. The numbers are based on official statistical data in the respective states where such ] reside or - wherever such data is unavailable - based on official estimates made by the Romanian department for Romanians abroad. (Figures for Spain, Italy, Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Sweden, Portugal and Turkey are for Romanian citizens, and may include individuals of any ethnicity.) Ethnic-Romanians are primarily present in ] and ]. However, there are ethnic Romanians in ], both in the ]n and ]an parts of the country, descendants of ]n settlers invited by the ] from the early 14th to the late 19th centuries. Over 100,000 ethnic Romanians are living throughout far eastern ], thousands of Romanians in villages of the ] valley on the ] ]n side of that river, and about 2,000 Romanian immigrants in ] since the late 20th century.<ref></ref>


After the ] of 1989, emigration was liberalized and during the 1990s the main destination countries for Romanian emigrants were Germany, Hungary, Israel, the United States and Canada.<ref name="oecd-ilibrary.org"/> After further liberalization in 1999, 2002 and especially after Romania entered the ] in 2007, Italy, Spain, the UK and other EU countries became major destinations.<ref name="oecd-ilibrary.org"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=De aproape 20 de ani românii pot circula fără viză în UE. În consecinţă, milioane de români au plecat să lucreze în străinătate |url=https://www.mediafax.ro/social/de-aproape-20-de-ani-romanii-pot-circula-fara-viza-in-ue-in-consecinta-milioane-de-romani-au-plecat-sa-lucreze-in-strainatate-19771364 |access-date=2024-03-14 |website=Mediafax.ro |language=ro}}</ref>
The Romanian diaspora has emerged as a powerful political force in elections since 2009.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.romaniatv.net/rezultate-alegeri-2014-reactie-uimitoare-la-psd-teleorman-nu-avem-ce-contesta-e-vointa-poporului_184291.html | title=REZULTATE ALEGERI 2014 | accessdate=21 November 2014}}</ref><ref name="BBCelect2014">{{cite web | url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-30076716 | title=Romania election surprise as Klaus Iohannis wins presidency | accessdate=21 November 2014}}</ref> For the 2014 presidential elections, voting in the diaspora has been poorly organized and resulted in protests in several major European cities.<ref name="BBCelect2014"/> The diaspora vote played a key role in the 2014 presidential result.<ref name="BBCelect2014"/>


==Size of the Romanian diaspora==
==Distribution by country==
] is the most common destination for Romanian emigrants, with over one million Romanians living there.]]
In 2006, the Romanian diaspora was estimated at 8 million people by then ], ], most of them living in the former ], ] (esp. ], ], ], ], ], and ]), ] (] and the ]), ], and ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.presidency.ro/?_RID=det&tb=date&id=7048&_PRID=|title=Președintele României|website=presidency.ro}}</ref> Nonetheless, it is unclear if Băsescu included the indigenous ] living in the immediate surroundings of the ], which are those in ], ], ], ] and ].


In December 2013, Cristian David, the government minister for the ], declared that a new reality illustrates that between 6–8 million Romanians live outside Romania's borders. This includes 2–3 million indigenous Romanians living in neighbouring states such as Ukraine, Hungary, Serbia, Bulgaria, the ] and especially the ]. The number also includes circa 2.7–3.5 million Romanians in Western Europe.<ref></ref>

Furthermore, the Romanian diaspora emerged as a powerful political force in elections since ].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.romaniatv.net/rezultate-alegeri-2014-reactie-uimitoare-la-psd-teleorman-nu-avem-ce-contesta-e-vointa-poporului_184291.html | title=REZULTATE ALEGERI 2014 | date=16 November 2014 | access-date=21 November 2014}}</ref><ref name="BBCelect2014">{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-30076716 | title=Romania election surprise as Klaus Iohannis wins presidency | publisher=BBC News | date=17 November 2014 | access-date=21 November 2014}}</ref> For the ], voting in the diaspora was poorly organized and resulted in protests in several major European cities. The diaspora vote played a key role in the final result.<ref name="BBCelect2014"/> 5 years later, in the ], then center-right candidate and incumbent President ] was once again overwhelmingly voted for by Romanian diaspora from all over the world.

Below is a list of self-declared ethnic ] in the countries where they live, excluding those who live in ] and ] but including those who live in ], ], ], and ].

The numbers are based on official statistical data in the respective states where such ] reside or – wherever such data is unavailable – based on official estimates made by the Romanian department for Romanians abroad (figures for Spain, Italy, Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Sweden, ], and Turkey are for ], and may include individuals of any ethnicity).

Ethnic Romanians are primarily present in ] and ]. However, there are ethnic Romanian enclaves in ], both in the ]n and ]an parts of the country, who are descendants of ]n settlers invited by the ] from the early fourteenth to the late nineteenth centuries. Furthermore, there are about 2,000 Romanian immigrants in ] since the late twentieth century.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dprp.gov.ro/extremul-orient/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120805153801/http://www.dprp.gov.ro/extremul-orient/|url-status=dead|title=Departamentul Românilor de Pretutindeni|archive-date=5 August 2012}}</ref>

== Distribution by country ==

] between 2008 and 2012]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" {| class="wikitable sortable"
! width="120pt" | Country
! Population
! Year
! Origin, notes
|-
|{{flagicon|Italy}} ] || 823,100 || 2013<ref>Istituto Nazionale di Statistica: Gli stranieri al 15° Censimento della popolazione - Dec 23 2013</ref><ref>ISTAT - Linguistic diversity among foreign citizens in Italy 2011-2012</ref><ref> Non-EU citizens legally residing Jan 2014</ref>||Immigrants <small>(additional 150,021 ])</small>
|- |-
! Country !! Year !! Population !! Origin, notes
|{{flagicon|Spain}} ] || 730,340 || 2014<ref>Instituto Nacional de Estadística: ''Population Figures at 1 January 2014'' .</ref>||Immigrants <small> (additional 20,000 ])</small>
|- |-
| {{flag|Italy}} || 2023 || 1,081,836 <ref>http://dati.istat.it/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=DCIS_POPSTRRES1</ref> || Citizens {{small|(additional 122,667 ])}}
|{{flagicon|United States}} ] || 518,653 || 2009<ref name="USCensus Bureau Estimate"></ref><br>||Immigrants
|- |-
| {{flag|Spain}} || 2022/2023 || 1,079,726 (including naturalized)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Estadística de residentes extranjeros en España |url=https://extranjeros.inclusion.gob.es/ficheros/estadisticas/operaciones/con-certificado/202012/Principales_resultados_residentes.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210401135234/https://extranjeros.inclusion.gob.es/ficheros/estadisticas/operaciones/con-certificado/202012/Principales_resultados_residentes.pdf |archive-date=2021-04-01 |access-date=2022-03-10 |website=] |page=4 |language=es}}</ref><br />630,795 (Romanian citizens, as of 2023)<ref>{{cite web|title=Censo de población. 1 de Enero de 2023.|url=https://www.ine.es/prensa/censo_2022_2023.pdf|publisher=]}}</ref> 539,418 (residents of Spain who were born in Romania as of 2022)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ine.es/jaxi/Datos.htm?path=/t20/e245/p08/l0/&file=01006.px#!tabs-tabla | title=Población (Españoles/Extranjeros) por País de Nacimiento, sexo y año }}</ref>|| Immigrants and Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups. The first number includes all Romanians in Spain, thus taking into account second and third generation Romanians or nationalized ones that count as Spanish in the census. The second number takes into account just Romanian citizens. The third number represents Romanian born residents in Spain. {{small|(additional 17,868 ])}}
|{{flagicon|Germany}} ] || 205 026 || 2013<ref></ref><ref>https://www.destatis.de/DE/Publikationen/StatistischesJahrbuch/Bevoelkerung.pdf?__blob=publicationFile, May 2013 German Statistical Office. The number for Germany does ''not'' count more than one million ] and ] whose families historically lived in ] and ], and who migrated to Germany at various times in the 20th century. This group of people still speaks Romanian.</ref>||Immigrants
|- |-
| {{flag|Germany}} || 2023 ||909,795<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ausländische Bevölkerung nach Altersgruppen und ausgewählten Staatsangehörigkeiten |url=https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bevoelkerung/Migration-Integration/Tabellen/auslaendische-bevoelkerung-altersgruppen.html |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=Statistisches Bundesamt |language=de}}</ref>|| Citizens {{small |According to German statistics, in 2023, the number of Romanian citizens in Germany was 909,795.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ausländische Bevölkerung nach Altersgruppen und ausgewählten Staatsangehörigkeiten |url=https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bevoelkerung/Migration-Integration/Tabellen/auslaendische-bevoelkerung-altersgruppen.html |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=Statistisches Bundesamt |language=de}}</ref> The number of people with Romanian ancestry in 2023 (defined as all persons who migrated to the present area of the Federal Republic of Germany after 1949, plus all foreign nationals born in Germany and all persons born in Germany as German nationals with at least one parent who migrated to Germany or was born in Germany as a foreign national) was 1,146,000.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bevölkerung in Privathaushalten 2023 nach Migrationshintergrund |url=https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bevoelkerung/Migration-Integration/Tabellen/migrationshintergrund-staatsangehoerigkeit-staaten.html |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=Statistisches Bundesamt |language=de}}</ref> (the overall number of people with ] includes many ] as well)}}
|{{flagicon|Israel}} ] || 205,600 || 2014 <ref> </ref><br> || Immigrants
|- |-
| {{flag|United Kingdom}} || 2021 || 539,000 people in ] were born in Romania in 2021;<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/internationalmigration/bulletins/internationalmigrationenglandandwales/census2021 | title=International migration, England and Wales – Office for National Statistics }}</ref> additional Romanians in Scotland and Northern Ireland; there are also naturalized second and third generation Romanians in the UK
|{{flagicon|Ukraine}} ] || 150,989 || 2001<ref>{{uk icon}} </ref> ||<small>(additional 258,619 ])</small> Indigenous to ], ] and ].
|| Immigrants (additional 18,000 Moldovans){{citation needed|date=August 2021}}
|- |-
| {{flagicon|United States}} ] || 2023 || According to the 2023 ], 425,738 Americans indicated Romanian as their first or second ancestry,<ref>https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDT1Y2023.B04006?q=b04006
|{{flagicon|UK}} ]|| 101,000 || 2012<ref></ref><br>||Immigrants
</ref> however other sources provide higher estimates, for example, the Romanian-American Network supplies a rough estimate of 1.2 million who are fully or partially of Romanian ethnicity.<ref name="ro-am">{{cite web|url=http://ro-am.net/roam/romanian-american-community.html |title=Romanian-American Community |publisher=Romanian-American Network Inc.|access-date=2008-09-15}}</ref> There is also a significant number of people of Romanian Jewish ancestry, estimated at 225,000.<ref name=":0">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2zVP_EdPwWIC&q=250%2C000|title=Salute to the Romanian Jews in America and Canada, 1850–2010: History, Achievements, and Biographies|first=Vladimir F.|last=Wertsman|date=22 July 2010|publisher=Xlibris Corporation|isbn=9781453512807|access-date=24 January 2019|via=Google Books}}</ref>
According to the 2023 American Community Survey, there are 160,205 people born in Romania.<ref>https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDT5Y2023.B05006?q=coutry%20of%20birth%20&g=310XX00US41180&d=ACS%205-Year%20Estimates%20Detailed%20Tables</ref>
| Immigrants
|- |-
|{{flag|Canada}}|| 2021 || 215,885 (ancestry) <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&DGUIDList=2021A000011124&GENDERList=1,2,3&STATISTICList=1&HEADERList=0&SearchText=Canada | title=Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population – Canada &#91;Country&#93; | date=9 February 2022 }}</ref> 86,770 (born in Romania).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&DGUIDList=2021A000011124&GENDERList=1,2,3&STATISTICList=1&HEADERList=0&SearchText=Canada | title=Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population – Canada &#91;Country&#93; | date=9 February 2022 }}</ref> || According to the ], there were 215,885 Canadian residents declaring themselves of Romanian origin;<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&DGUIDList=2021A000011124&GENDERList=1,2,3&STATISTICList=1&HEADERList=0&SearchText=Canada | title=Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population – Canada &#91;Country&#93; | date=9 February 2022 }}</ref> ] was the mother tongue of 93,160 of Canadian residents.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&DGUIDList=2021A000011124&GENDERList=1,2,3&STATISTICList=1&HEADERList=0&SearchText=Canada | title=Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population – Canada &#91;Country&#93; | date=9 February 2022 }}</ref> There were 86,770 Canadian residents who were born in Romania.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&DGUIDList=2021A000011124&GENDERList=1,2,3&STATISTICList=1&HEADERList=0&SearchText=Canada | title=Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population – Canada &#91;Country&#93; | date=9 February 2022 }}</ref>
|{{flagicon|Canada}} ] || 82,995 || 2011<ref>], ]. </ref> <br>||<small>(additional 121,635 of mixed origin and additional 8,050 ])</small>. Immigrants
|- |-
| {{flag|Austria}} || 2024 || 153,363 <ref>{{cite web |url=https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/293019/umfrage/auslaender-in-oesterreich-nach-staatsangehoerigkeit/ |title= Anzahl der Ausländer in Österreich nach den zehn wichtigsten Staatsangehörigkeiten zu Jahresbeginn 2024 |work=Statista |access-date=29 May 2017 |archive-date=30 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130122834/https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/293019/umfrage/auslaender-in-oesterreich-nach-staatsangehoerigkeit/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/menschen_und_gesellschaft/bevoelkerung/bevoelkerungsstruktur/bevoelkerung_nach_staatsangehoerigkeit_geburtsland/index.html|title=Bevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeit und Geburtsland|trans-title=Population by nationality and country of birth|access-date=2021-11-22|website=]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112052218/http://www.statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/menschen_und_gesellschaft/bevoelkerung/bevoelkerungsstruktur/bevoelkerung_nach_staatsangehoerigkeit_geburtsland/index.html|archive-date=2021-11-12|url-status=live|at=Tabelle – Bevölkerung zu Jahresbeginn 2002-2021 nach detaillierter Staatsangehörigkeit (xlsx)|language=de}}
|{{flagicon|Austria}} ]|| 74,639 || 2012<ref></ref>
* direct link to the data file: {{Cite web|url=http://www.statistik.at/wcm/idc/idcplg?IdcService=GET_NATIVE_FILE&RevisionSelectionMethod=LatestReleased&dDocName=071715|title=Bevölkerung zu Jahresbeginn 2002-2021 nach detaillierter Staatsangehörigkeit|trans-title=Population at the beginning of 2002-2021 by detailed nationality|date=2021-05-10|access-date=2021-11-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019103329/http://www.statistik.at/wcm/idc/idcplg?IdcService=GET_NATIVE_FILE&RevisionSelectionMethod=LatestReleased&dDocName=071715|archive-date=2021-10-19|url-status=live|publisher=Statistics Austria|at=Tab "Tabelle" Row 32|language=de|format=XLSX}}
</ref>|| Immigrants, of whom 36,000 live in ]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wien.gv.at/statistik/pdf/menschen2017.pdf |title=Menschen in Wien |work=Statistiches Jahrbuch der stadt Wien – 2017 |language=de |access-date=26 March 2018 |archive-date=31 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831064016/https://www.wien.gv.at/statistik/pdf/menschen2017.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|- |-
| {{flag|Ukraine}} || 2001 || 150,989<ref>{{cite web |url=http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/nationality/ |title=National composition of population |work=All-Ukrainian population census 2001 |publisher=State Statistics Committee of Ukraine}}</ref> || Indigenous to ], ], and ] {{small|(additional 258,619 ])}}
|{{flagicon|France}} ] || 66,640 ||2010<ref></ref><br>||Immigrants
|- |-
| {{flag|France}} || 2019 || 133,000<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/6478089?sommaire=6478362 | title=Immigrés par pays de naissance détaillé − Étrangers et immigrés en 2019 &#124; Insee }}</ref> || Immigrants
|{{flagicon|Greece}} ] || 46,523 || 2011<ref> Greek Census</ref><br>||Romanian citizens. Immigrants <small>(additional 10,391 ]).</small> There are also some ] and Megleno speaking populations but they are not considered an ethnic but a linguistic/cultural minority, since the majority of them express an ethnic Greek identity.<ref>Viktor Meier. . Routledge, 1999 ISBN 978-0-415-18596-7, p. 184: "They both consider themselves Greeks."</ref><ref>http://vlahos.xan.duth.gr/nea/180304.htm</ref><ref>http://www.tamos.gr/popsb_reply_en.htm</ref><ref>Spyros Ergolabos, "The Zagori villages in the beginning of the 20th century: 2 precious documents", Epirus Publications, Ioannina 1993</ref> In addition to that no Greek census has recorded mother tongue statistics since 1951, so the number of those two Romanian-speaking groups can not be exact. Therefore this number includes Romanian citizens only.
|- |-
|{{flagicon|Belgium}} ] || 45,877 || 2012<ref></ref><br>||Immigrants | {{flag|Belgium}} || 2020 || 105,358<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/517235/foreign-population-of-belgium-by-origin/|title=Belgium: foreign population, by origin 2019|website=Statista}}</ref> || Immigrants
|- |-
| {{flag|Israel}} || 2020 || 86,200<ref>{{cite web |url=https://telaviv.mae.ro/node/183 |title=Despre comunitatea originarilor din România |work=CBS, Statistical Abstract of Israel 2014 |access-date=23 January 2021 |archive-date=29 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129080639/https://telaviv.mae.ro/node/183 |url-status=dead }}</ref> || Immigrants (mostly ])
|{{flagicon|Portugal}} ]|| 39,312 || 2011<ref></ref><br>||Immigrants <small>(additional 13,586 ])</small>
|- |-
| {{flag|Netherlands}} || 2022 || 48,563<ref>{{cite web | url=https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/nl/dataset/37325/table | title=CBS Statline }}</ref> || Immigrants {{small|(additional 986 ])}}
|{{flagicon|Serbia}} ] || 29,332 || 2011 <ref></ref> ||<small>(additional 35,330 ]</small>). Indigenous to ] (Banat), ] and parts of ].
|- |-
| {{flag|Greece}} || 2020 || 44,600 <ref>https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/migr_pop1ctz__custom_9061190/default/table?lang=en {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref>|| Immigrants {{small|(additional 10,391 ])}}. There are also 209,000 ]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/10431/GR |title=Aromanian in Greece |work=Joshua Project}}</ref> and 3,000 ]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/13658/GR |title=Meglenite, Vlasi in Greece |work=Joshua Project}}</ref> in Greece; however, they are not considered an ethnic but a linguistic/cultural minority.
|{{flagicon|Hungary}} ] || 26,345 || 2011<ref></ref>||Indigenous to Eastern Hungary
|- |-
| {{flag|Denmark}} || 2022 || 43,312<ref>{{cite web |title=Population at the first day of the quarter by region, sex, age (5 years age groups), ancestry and country of origin |url=https://www.statistikbanken.dk/statbank5a/SelectVarVal/Define.asp?Maintable=FOLK1C&PLanguage=1 |website=statistikbanken.dk |access-date=29 January 2023}}</ref> || Immigrants {{small|(additional 2,236 ])}}
|{{flagicon| Cyprus}} ] || 24,376 || 2011<ref name=2011census></ref><br>||<small>(excluding ])</small> Immigrants
|- |-
| {{flag|Ireland}} || 2022 || 42,460<ref>https://data.cso.ie/ {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref> || Immigrants
|{{flagicon|Sweden}} ] || 21,016 || 2011<ref>, 2011</ref><br>||Immigrants
|- |-
| {{flag|Sweden}} || 2023 || 36,738<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.statistikdatabasen.scb.se/pxweb/en/ssd/START__BE__BE0101__BE0101E/FodelselandArK/table/tableViewLayout1/ | title=Population by country of birth, age and sex. Year 2000 - 2023 }}</ref> || Immigrants {{small|(additional 1,573 ])}}
|{{flagicon|Australia}} ] || 20,998 ||2011<ref name=ABS2001>, 2006 Australian census</ref><br>||Immigrants
|- |-
| {{flag|Hungary}} || 2011 || 30,924<ref>{{cite book |chapter-url=http://www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/xftp/idoszaki/nepsz2011/nepsz_orsz_2011.pdf |chapter=3. Országos adatok |title=2011. évi népszámlálás |publisher=Központi Statisztikai Hivatal |location=Budapest |date=2013 |isbn=978-963-235-417-0|language=hu}}</ref> || Indigenous and immigrants
|{{flagicon|Ireland}} ]|| 17,995 || 2011 <ref></ref><br>||Immigrants
|- |-
| {{flag|Switzerland}} || 2022 || 27,299<ref>{{cite web |title=Statistiques sur l'immigration |url=https://www.sem.admin.ch/dam/data/sem/publiservice/statistik/auslaenderstatistik/monitor/2018/statistik-zuwanderung-2018-08-f.pdf}}</ref> || Immigrants
|{{flagicon|Netherlands}} ] || 16,987 ||2012<ref></ref><br>||Immigrants
|- |-
| {{flag|Cyprus}} || 2011 || 24,376<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mof.gov.cy/mof/cystat/statistics.nsf/All/732265957BAC953AC225798300406903?OpenDocument&sub=2&sel=1&e=&print |title=Preliminary Results of the Census of Population, 2011 |work=Statistical Service of the Republic of Cyprus |date=29 December 2011}}</ref> || Immigrants
|{{flagicon| Kazakhstan}} ] || 14,666 || 2009<ref></ref><ref>] </ref><br>||<small> (including ])</small> Immigrants / Displaced during World War II
|- |-
| {{flag|Portugal}} || 2023 ||23,393<ref>https://www.sef.pt/pt/Documents/RIFA2022%20vF2a.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2024}}</ref> ||There are 23,393 Romanian citizens in Portugal as of 2023.<ref>https://www.sef.pt/pt/Documents/RIFA2022%20vF2a.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2024}}</ref> According to ] as many as 7,000 Romanians have ] since 2008, thus are excluded from the number of Romanian nationals in Portugal.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Estrangeiros em Portugal |url=https://www.sef.pt/pt/Documents/RIFA2022%20vF2a.pdf}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Acquisition of citizenship statistics |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Acquisition_of_citizenship_statistics |access-date=2023-07-22 |website=ec.europa.eu |language=en}}</ref> {{small|(additional 5,243 ] foreigners as of 2022; since 2008 more than 20,000 Moldovans became ])}}<ref name=":0" />
|{{flagicon|Denmark}} ]|| 10,732 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=BEF5: Folketal pr 1 januar efter køn, alder og fødeland|url=http://www.statistikbanken.dk/statbank5a/SelectVarVal/Define.asp?Maintable=BEF5&PLanguage=0|work=Danmark statistik|publisher=Danmark statistik|accessdate=21 July 2012}}</ref>||Immigrants
|- |-
| {{flag|Serbia}} || 2022 || 23,044<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.stat.gov.rs/Home/Result/3104020102|title=Становништво према националној припадности|publisher=]|access-date=9 May 2023|language=sr}}</ref> || Indigenous to ] and the ] {{small|(additional 21,013 ] and 327 ])}}
|{{flagicon|Argentina}} ]|| 10,000 ||<ref></ref><br>||Immigrants
|- |-
| {{flag|Norway}} || 2022 || 18,877<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ssb.no/en/innvbef/|work=Statistics Norway|title=Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents, 1 January 2022|language=no}}</ref> || Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents
|{{flagicon|Venezuela}} ]|| 10,000 ||<ref></ref><br>||Immigrants
|- |-
| {{flag|Australia}} || 2021 ||15,268 (by birth)
|{{flagicon|Switzerland}} ]|| 8,578 ||2012<ref></ref><br>||Immigrants
28,103 (by ancestry)
|| According to ] (2021 census) figures, there are 15,268 people in Australia who were born in Romania<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/3211_AUS | title=2021 People in Australia who were born in Romania, Census Country of birth QuickStats &#124; Australian Bureau of Statistics }}</ref> and 28,103 people with Romanian ancestry in Australia.<ref name=ABS2001>, 2021 Australian census</ref>
|- |-
| {{flag|Czechia}} || 2018 || 14,684<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.czso.cz/documents/11292/27320905/c01R04_2018.xlsx/332dc18e-b6bf-4f38-8db0-b5e51f768905?version=1.0 |title=Foreigners in the Czechia by citizenship |work=CZSO |author=Madalin Danciu |date=31 December 2018 |language=en |access-date=9 November 2019 |archive-date=15 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115171828/https://www.czso.cz/documents/11292/27320905/c01R04_2018.xlsx/332dc18e-b6bf-4f38-8db0-b5e51f768905?version=1.0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> || Immigrants {{small|(additionally 5,811 ])}}
|{{flagicon|Norway}} ]|| 6,869 ||2012<ref></ref><br>||Immigrants
|- |-
| {{flag|Kazakhstan}} || 2009 || 14,666<ref>{{cite web |url=http://stat.gov.kz/faces/wcnav_externalId/publicationsSocialDevelopment?_afrLoop=20437901848147061#%40%3F_afrLoop%3D20437901848147061%26_adf.ctrl-state%3D17rl0zombx_47 |title=Socio-economic development of the Republic of Kazakhstan |work=stat.gov.kz}}</ref> || Displaced and deported during World War II {{small|(including ])}}
|{{flagicon|Czech Republic}} ]|| 5,069 ||<ref></ref><br>||Immigrants
|- |-
| {{flag|Turkey}} || || 14,000<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ziare.com/social/biserica/pentru-ce-facem-moschee-la-bucuresti-in-cautarea-romanilor-ortodocsi-din-turcia-1373624 |title=Pentru ce facem moschee la București: În căutarea românilor ortodocși din Turcia |work=Ziare.com |author=Ana Ilie |date=20 July 2015|language=ro}}</ref> || Immigrants
|{{flagicon|UAE}} ]|| 5,000 ||<ref></ref><br>||Immigrants
|- |-
| {{flag|Japan}} || || 10,000<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hotnews.ro/stiri-esential-8382461-cati-romani-sunt-japonia-invazia-dansatoarelor-romance.htm |title=Câți români sunt în Japonia? Invazia dansatoarelor românce |work=HotNews.ro |author=V. C. |date=11 March 2011|language=ro}}</ref> || Immigrants
|{{flagicon|Brazil}} ]|| 4,000 ||<ref></ref><br>||Immigrants
|- |-
| {{flag|Slovakia}} || 2017 || 8,474<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gandul.info/international/harta-romanilor-plecati-in-strainatate-topul-tarilor-ue-in-care-romanii-reprezinta-cea-mai-mare-comunitate-14926732 |title=HARTA românilor plecați în străinătate. Topul țărilor UE în care românii reprezintă cea mai mare comunitate |work=Gândul |author=Andrei Luca Popescu |date=21 December 2015|language=ro}}</ref> || Immigrants
|{{flagicon|Russia}} ] || 3,201 || 2010<ref></ref><br>||<small>(additional 156,400 ])</small>. Immigrants / Displaced during World War II
|- |-
| {{flag|Brazil}} || || 7,393<ref>{{cite web |url=https://brasilia.mae.ro/node/797 |title=Brazilia – Comunitatea română |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |language=ro |access-date=23 January 2021 |archive-date=2 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202102621/http://brasilia.mae.ro/node/797 |url-status=dead }}</ref> || Immigrants and Brazilians with Romanian ancestry
|{{flagicon|New Zealand}} ]||3,100 ||<ref></ref><br>||Immigrants
|- |-
| {{flag|United Arab Emirates}} || || 6,444<ref name="vl">{{cite web |url=http://www.viata-libera.ro/diaspora/70619-pe-toate-continentele-lumii-cati-romani-au-parasit-romania-pentru-a-trai-in-strainatate |title=Câți români au părăsit România pentru a trăi în străinătate |work=Viața liberă |author=Anca Melinte |date=25 September 2015|language=ro}}</ref> || Immigrants
|{{flagicon|South Africa}} ]|| 3,000 ||<ref name="dprp.gov.ro"></ref><br>||Immigrants
|- |-
| {{flag|Finland}} || 2021 || 5,628<ref>{{cite web |title=Origin and background country by language, age (1-year) and sex, 1990-2021 |url=https://pxdata.stat.fi/PxWeb/pxweb/en/StatFin/StatFin__vaerak/statfin_vaerak_pxt_11rs.px/ |website=stat.fi |access-date=29 January 2023}}</ref> || Immigrants {{small|(additional 778 ])}}
|{{flagicon|Japan}} ]|| 3,000 ||<ref name="ReferenceA"></ref><br>||Immigrants
|- |-
| {{flag|Luxembourg}} || 2019 || 5,209<ref>{{cite web |url=https://statistiques.public.lu/stat/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=12859&IF_Language=eng&MainTheme=2&FldrName=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160910101902/http://www.statistiques.public.lu/stat/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=12859&IF_Language=eng&MainTheme=2&FldrName=1 |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 September 2016 |title=Population by nationalities in detail 2011 – 2019 |website=Statistiques // Luxembourg }}</ref> || Immigrants
|{{flagicon|Lithuania}} ]||1,350 ||<ref></ref><br>||Immigrants
|- |-
| {{flag|Jordan}} || || 4,000<ref name="vl" /> || Immigrants
|{{flagicon|Turkey}} ]|| 1,304 ||<ref></ref><br>||Immigrants
|- |-
| {{flag|Russia}} || 2010 || 3,201<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm |script-title=ru:Том 1. Численность и размещение населения |work=ВПН-2010 |language=ru |access-date=4 April 2017 |archive-date=15 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130315114013/http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> || Immigrants/displaced during World War II {{small|(additional 586,122 ])}}
|{{flagicon|Bulgaria}} ] || 891 || 2011<ref></ref> ||<small>(additional 3,684 ]) Indigenous to ] and parts of Northern Bulgaria
|- |-
|{{flagicon|Luxembourg}} ]|| 500 ||<ref></ref><br>||Immigrants | {{flag|South Africa}} || || 3,000 || Immigrants
|- |-
| {{flag|Iceland}} ||2022 || 2,505<ref>{{cite web | url=https://px.hagstofa.is/pxis/pxweb/is/Ibuar/Ibuar__mannfjoldi__3_bakgrunnur__Uppruni/MAN43000.px/?rxid=13b11e95-8c93-4cb9-a536-3adb495bd493 | title=Mannfjöldi eftir bakgrunni, kyni og aldri 1996-2023 }}</ref> || Immigrants
|{{flagicon|Finland}} ]|| 500 ||<ref></ref><br>||Immigrants
|- |-
|{{flagicon|Ethiopia}} ]|| 485 ||<ref name="dprp.gov.ro"/><br>||Immigrants | {{flag|Qatar}} || || 2,000<ref name="vl" /> || Immigrants
|- |-
| {{flag|New Zealand}} || 2018|| 1,485<ref>{{Cite web |title=2018 Census ethnic group summaries {{!}} Stats NZ |url=https://www.stats.govt.nz/tools/2018-census-ethnic-group-summaries/romanian |access-date=2023-01-06 |website=stats.govt.nz}}</ref>|| Immigrants
|{{flagicon|Mexico}} ]|| 400 ||<ref name="ReferenceB"></ref><br>||Immigrants
|- |-
|{{flagicon|Chile}} ]|| 389 ||2002 Census||Immigrants | {{flag|China}} || || 1,320<ref name="vl" /> || Immigrants
|- |-
| {{flag|Malta}} ||2016 || 1,262<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2016-10-12/local-news/Filipinos-Serbs-top-list-of-third-country-nationals-working-in-Malta-6736165113 | title=Updated: Filipinos, Serbs top list of third country nationals working in Malta – the Malta Independent }}</ref> || Immigrants
|{{flagicon|South Korea}} ]|| 300 ||<ref name="ReferenceA"/><br>||Immigrants
|-
| {{flag|Argentina}} || || 1,000<ref name="vl" /> || Immigrants
|-
| {{flag|Chile}} || || 1,000<ref name="vl" /> || Immigrants
|-
| {{flag|Bulgaria}} || 2011 || 891<ref>{{cite web |url=http://censusresults.nsi.bg/Census/Reports/2/2/R9.aspx |title=Население по етническа група и майчин език |work=National Statistical Institute |language=bg |access-date=4 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151219105400/http://censusresults.nsi.bg/Census/Reports/2/2/R9.aspx |archive-date=19 December 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> || Indigenous to ] and parts of northern Bulgaria {{small|(additional 3,684 "Vlachs")}}
|-
| {{flag|Palestine}} || || 850<ref name="vl" /> || Immigrants
|-
| {{flag|Kuwait}} || || 696<ref name="vl" /> || Immigrants
|-
| {{flag|South Korea}} || || 634<ref name="vl" /> || Immigrants
|-
| {{flag|Mexico}} || || 600<ref name="vl" /> || Immigrants
|-
| {{flag|Ethiopia}} || || 485 || Immigrants
|-
|-
| {{flag|India}} || || 400<ref name="vl" /> || Immigrants
|-
| {{flag|Singapore}} || || 400<ref name="vl" /> || Immigrants
|-
| {{flag|Paraguay}} || || 398<ref name="vl" /> || Immigrants
|-
| {{flag|Oman}} || || 382<ref name="vl" /> || Immigrants
|-
| {{flag|Colombia}} || || 350<ref name="vl" /> || Immigrants
|-
| {{flag|San Marino}} || 2018 || 283<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sanmarinortv.sm/news/attualita-c4/popolazione-presente-san-marino-verso-quota-35mila-lieve-aumento-immigrati-a52514|title=Popolazione presente a San Marino verso quota 35mila, in lieve aumento gli immigrati|first=San Marino|last=Rtv|date=28 August 2018|website=San Marino Rtv}}</ref> || Immigrants
|-
| {{flag|Monaco}} || || 250<ref name="vl" /> || Immigrants
|-
| {{flag|Philippines}} || 2019 || 209<ref name="vlb">{{Cite web|url=https://www.money.ro/cifrele-diasporei-cati-romani-traiesc-in-strainatate-si-despre-care-statul-a-auzit-document/|title=Cifrele DIASPOREI! Câți români trăiesc în străinătate și despre care statul a auzit. DOCUMENT|date=31 October 2019 }}</ref> || Immigrants
|-
| {{flag|Uruguay}} || || 200<ref name="vl" /> || Immigrants
|-
| {{flag|Peru}} || || 174<ref name="vl" /> || Immigrants
|-
| {{flag|Indonesia}} || || 155<ref name="vl" /> || Immigrants
|-
| {{flag|Venezuela}} || 2020 || 150<ref name="vl" /> || Immigrants
|-
| {{flag|Thailand}} || || 106<ref name="vl" /> || Immigrants
|-
| {{flag|Cuba}} || || 100<ref name="vl" /> || Immigrants
|-
| {{flag|North Macedonia}} || || 100<ref name="vl" /> || Immigrants {{small|(additional 9,900 ]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/10431/MK |title=Aromanian in Macedonia |work=Joshua Project}}</ref> and 2,100 ])<ref>{{cite web |url=https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/13658/MK |title=Meglenite, Vlasi in Macedonia |work=Joshua Project}}</ref>}}
|-
| {{flag|Vietnam}} || || 100<ref name="vl" /> || Immigrants
|-
| {{flag|Lithuania}} || 2011 || 77<ref>{{cite web |url=https://vilnius.mae.ro/node/797 |title=Comunitatea românească din Lituania și Letonia |work=Romanian Embassy in Lithuania |language=ro |access-date=4 April 2017 |archive-date=3 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903163137/https://vilnius.mae.ro/node/797 |url-status=dead }}</ref> || Immigrants
|-
| {{flag|Pakistan}} || || 75<ref name="vl" /> || Immigrants
|-
| {{flag|Latvia}} || 2011 || 63<ref>{{cite web |url=http://data.csb.gov.lv/pxweb/lv/tautassk_11/tautassk_11__tsk2011/TSG11-04.px/?rxid=aa95bcb9-93cd-479f-89ca-42ba0aeaf0f0 |title=TSG11-04. Latvijas pastāvīgie iedzīvotāji pēc dzimšanas valsts, dzimuma un pa vecuma grupām 2011.gada 1.martā |work=Centrālās statistikas pārvaldes datubāzes |language=lv |access-date=4 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903204405/http://data.csb.gov.lv/pxweb/lv/tautassk_11/tautassk_11__tsk2011/TSG11-04.px/?rxid=aa95bcb9-93cd-479f-89ca-42ba0aeaf0f0 |archive-date=3 September 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> || Immigrants {{small|(additional 1,919 ])}}
|-
| {{flag|Dominican Republic}} || || 30<ref name="vl" /> || Immigrants
|-
| {{flag|Liechtenstein}} || || 15<ref name="vl" /> || Immigrants
|-
| {{flag|Albania}} || || || There live up to 300,000 indigenous ], but Albanian authorities do not recognize them as Romanian minority.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rgnpress.ro/rgn_14/categorii/politic/20250-dan-stoenescu-a-mers-de-crciun-la-romaniiaromanii-din-albania-300000-de-romani-pe-care-albania-nu-i-recunoate-ca-minoritate-romaneasc-i-nu-le-d-drepturi-ce-a-cerut-romania.html?jjj=1491312171895 |title=Dan Stoenescu a mers de Crăciun la românii/aromânii din Albania. 300.000 de români pe care Albania nu-i recunoaște ca minoritate românească și nu le dă drepturi! Ce a cerut România? |work=Romanian Global News |date=28 December 2015 |language=ro |access-date=4 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404220546/http://www.rgnpress.ro/rgn_14/categorii/politic/20250-dan-stoenescu-a-mers-de-crciun-la-romaniiaromanii-din-albania-300000-de-romani-pe-care-albania-nu-i-recunoate-ca-minoritate-romaneasc-i-nu-le-d-drepturi-ce-a-cerut-romania.html?jjj=1491312171895 |archive-date=4 April 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| '''Total''' || || '''4,321,496''' || The estimate is the sum of the countrywide estimates listed. To this are added 1,618,650 people belonging to ethnic groups Romanian authorities claim to be part of the Romanian population (e.g., ], ], ], ]). The total estimate is roughly '''5.9 million'''.
|- |-
|{{flagicon|Colombia}} ]|| 270 ||<ref name="ReferenceB"/><br>||Immigrants
|-class="sortbottom"
| '''TOTAL''' || 4 181 537 || ||The estimate is the sum of the countrywide estimates listed.
|} |}

==See also==
* ]
* ]


==References== ==References==
{{reflist}} {{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Romanian diaspora}}1.


{{European diasporas}} {{European diasporas}}
{{Romanian diaspora}} {{Romanian diaspora}}
{{commons category|Romanian diaspora}}


] ]

Latest revision as of 20:06, 9 January 2025

Ethnically Romanian population outside Romania and Moldova

Part of a series of articles on
Romanians
Native communities
DiasporaEurope

North America

South America

Oceania

Culture
History
Language
Countries with significant Romanian population and descendants (as of 2020).
  Romania   + 1,000,000   + 100,000   + 10,000   + 1,000

The Romanian diaspora is the ethnically Romanian population outside Romania and Moldova. The concept does not usually include the ethnic Romanians who live as natives in nearby states, chiefly those Romanians who live in Ukraine, Hungary, Serbia, and Bulgaria. Therefore, the number of all Romanians abroad is estimated at 4–12 million people, depending on one's definition of the term "Romanian" as well as the inclusion respectively exclusion of ethnic Romanians living in nearby countries where they are indigenous. The definition of "who is a Romanian?" may range from rigorous conservative estimates based on self-identification and official statistics to estimates that include people of Romanian ancestry born in their respective countries as well as people born to various ethnic-minorities from Romania. As of 2015/16, over 97% of Romanian emigrants resided in OECD countries; and about 90% of Romanian emigrants in OECD countries lived in Europe, with the most common country of residence being Italy. The vast majority of Romanian emigrants are based in just ten countries, with the most common countries being Italy, Germany, Spain, United Kingdom, United States, Hungary, France and Canada.

Over one million Romanians live in Italy. Large Romanian populations exist in Spain, the UK and Germany, with the latter including many Germans of Romania.

After the Romanian Revolution of 1989, emigration was liberalized and during the 1990s the main destination countries for Romanian emigrants were Germany, Hungary, Israel, the United States and Canada. After further liberalization in 1999, 2002 and especially after Romania entered the European Union in 2007, Italy, Spain, the UK and other EU countries became major destinations.

Size of the Romanian diaspora

Italy is the most common destination for Romanian emigrants, with over one million Romanians living there.

In 2006, the Romanian diaspora was estimated at 8 million people by then President of Romania, Traian Băsescu, most of them living in the former USSR, Western Europe (esp. Italy, Spain, Germany, United Kingdom, France, and Austria), North America (Canada and the United States), South America, and Australia. Nonetheless, it is unclear if Băsescu included the indigenous Romanians living in the immediate surroundings of the Romanian state, which are those in Moldova, Bulgaria, Hungary, Serbia and Ukraine.

In December 2013, Cristian David, the government minister for the Department for Romanians Everywhere, declared that a new reality illustrates that between 6–8 million Romanians live outside Romania's borders. This includes 2–3 million indigenous Romanians living in neighbouring states such as Ukraine, Hungary, Serbia, Bulgaria, the Balkans and especially the Republic of Moldova. The number also includes circa 2.7–3.5 million Romanians in Western Europe.

Furthermore, the Romanian diaspora emerged as a powerful political force in elections since 2009. For the 2014 presidential election, voting in the diaspora was poorly organized and resulted in protests in several major European cities. The diaspora vote played a key role in the final result. 5 years later, in the 2019 presidential election, then center-right candidate and incumbent President Klaus Iohannis was once again overwhelmingly voted for by Romanian diaspora from all over the world.

Below is a list of self-declared ethnic Romanians in the countries where they live, excluding those who live in Romania and Moldova but including those who live in Ukraine, Serbia, Hungary, and Bulgaria.

The numbers are based on official statistical data in the respective states where such Romanians reside or – wherever such data is unavailable – based on official estimates made by the Romanian department for Romanians abroad (figures for Spain, Italy, Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Sweden, Portugal, and Turkey are for Romanian citizens, and may include individuals of any ethnicity).

Ethnic Romanians are primarily present in Europe and North America. However, there are ethnic Romanian enclaves in Turkey, both in the Asian and European parts of the country, who are descendants of Wallachian settlers invited by the Ottoman Empire from the early fourteenth to the late nineteenth centuries. Furthermore, there are about 2,000 Romanian immigrants in Japan since the late twentieth century.

Distribution by country

Romanian diaspora inside the EU between 2008 and 2012
Country Year Population Origin, notes
 Italy 2023 1,081,836 Citizens (additional 122,667 Moldovans)
 Spain 2022/2023 1,079,726 (including naturalized)
630,795 (Romanian citizens, as of 2023) 539,418 (residents of Spain who were born in Romania as of 2022)		 Immigrants and Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups. The first number includes all Romanians in Spain, thus taking into account second and third generation Romanians or nationalized ones that count as Spanish in the census. The second number takes into account just Romanian citizens. The third number represents Romanian born residents in Spain. (additional 17,868 Moldovans)
 Germany 2023 909,795 Citizens According to German statistics, in 2023, the number of Romanian citizens in Germany was 909,795. The number of people with Romanian ancestry in 2023 (defined as all persons who migrated to the present area of the Federal Republic of Germany after 1949, plus all foreign nationals born in Germany and all persons born in Germany as German nationals with at least one parent who migrated to Germany or was born in Germany as a foreign national) was 1,146,000. (the overall number of people with Romanian ancestry in Germany includes many Romanian-Germans as well)
 United Kingdom 2021 539,000 people in England and Wales were born in Romania in 2021; additional Romanians in Scotland and Northern Ireland; there are also naturalized second and third generation Romanians in the UK Immigrants (additional 18,000 Moldovans)
United States United States 2023 According to the 2023 American Community Survey, 425,738 Americans indicated Romanian as their first or second ancestry, however other sources provide higher estimates, for example, the Romanian-American Network supplies a rough estimate of 1.2 million who are fully or partially of Romanian ethnicity. There is also a significant number of people of Romanian Jewish ancestry, estimated at 225,000.

According to the 2023 American Community Survey, there are 160,205 people born in Romania.

Immigrants
 Canada 2021 215,885 (ancestry) 86,770 (born in Romania). According to the 2021 Census, there were 215,885 Canadian residents declaring themselves of Romanian origin; Romanian language was the mother tongue of 93,160 of Canadian residents. There were 86,770 Canadian residents who were born in Romania.
 Austria 2024 153,363 Immigrants, of whom 36,000 live in Vienna
 Ukraine 2001 150,989 Indigenous to Zakarpattia Oblast, Odesa Oblast, and Chernivtsi Oblast (additional 258,619 Moldovans)
 France 2019 133,000 Immigrants
 Belgium 2020 105,358 Immigrants
 Israel 2020 86,200 Immigrants (mostly Romanian Jews)
 Netherlands 2022 48,563 Immigrants (additional 986 Moldovans)
 Greece 2020 44,600 Immigrants (additional 10,391 Moldovans). There are also 209,000 Aromanians and 3,000 Megleno-Romanians in Greece; however, they are not considered an ethnic but a linguistic/cultural minority.
 Denmark 2022 43,312 Immigrants (additional 2,236 Moldovans)
 Ireland 2022 42,460 Immigrants
 Sweden 2023 36,738 Immigrants (additional 1,573 Moldovans)
 Hungary 2011 30,924 Indigenous and immigrants
  Switzerland 2022 27,299 Immigrants
 Cyprus 2011 24,376 Immigrants
 Portugal 2023 23,393 There are 23,393 Romanian citizens in Portugal as of 2023. According to Eurostat as many as 7,000 Romanians have acquired Portuguese citizenship since 2008, thus are excluded from the number of Romanian nationals in Portugal. (additional 5,243 Moldovan foreigners as of 2022; since 2008 more than 20,000 Moldovans became Portuguese citizens)
 Serbia 2022 23,044 Indigenous to Vojvodina and the Timok Valley (additional 21,013 Vlachs and 327 Aromanians)
 Norway 2022 18,877 Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents
 Australia 2021 15,268 (by birth)

28,103 (by ancestry)

According to ABS (2021 census) figures, there are 15,268 people in Australia who were born in Romania and 28,103 people with Romanian ancestry in Australia.
 Czechia 2018 14,684 Immigrants (additionally 5,811 Moldovans)
 Kazakhstan 2009 14,666 Displaced and deported during World War II (including Moldovans)
 Turkey 14,000 Immigrants
 Japan 10,000 Immigrants
 Slovakia 2017 8,474 Immigrants
 Brazil 7,393 Immigrants and Brazilians with Romanian ancestry
 United Arab Emirates 6,444 Immigrants
 Finland 2021 5,628 Immigrants (additional 778 Moldovans)
 Luxembourg 2019 5,209 Immigrants
 Jordan 4,000 Immigrants
 Russia 2010 3,201 Immigrants/displaced during World War II (additional 586,122 Moldovans)
 South Africa 3,000 Immigrants
 Iceland 2022 2,505 Immigrants
 Qatar 2,000 Immigrants
 New Zealand 2018 1,485 Immigrants
 China 1,320 Immigrants
 Malta 2016 1,262 Immigrants
 Argentina 1,000 Immigrants
 Chile 1,000 Immigrants
 Bulgaria 2011 891 Indigenous to Vidin Province and parts of northern Bulgaria (additional 3,684 "Vlachs")
 Palestine 850 Immigrants
 Kuwait 696 Immigrants
 South Korea 634 Immigrants
 Mexico 600 Immigrants
 Ethiopia 485 Immigrants
 India 400 Immigrants
 Singapore 400 Immigrants
 Paraguay 398 Immigrants
 Oman 382 Immigrants
 Colombia 350 Immigrants
 San Marino 2018 283 Immigrants
 Monaco 250 Immigrants
 Philippines 2019 209 Immigrants
 Uruguay 200 Immigrants
 Peru 174 Immigrants
 Indonesia 155 Immigrants
 Venezuela 2020 150 Immigrants
 Thailand 106 Immigrants
 Cuba 100 Immigrants
 North Macedonia 100 Immigrants (additional 9,900 Aromanians and 2,100 Megleno-Romanians)
 Vietnam 100 Immigrants
 Lithuania 2011 77 Immigrants
 Pakistan 75 Immigrants
 Latvia 2011 63 Immigrants (additional 1,919 Moldovans)
 Dominican Republic 30 Immigrants
 Liechtenstein 15 Immigrants
 Albania There live up to 300,000 indigenous Aromanians, but Albanian authorities do not recognize them as Romanian minority.
Total 4,321,496 The estimate is the sum of the countrywide estimates listed. To this are added 1,618,650 people belonging to ethnic groups Romanian authorities claim to be part of the Romanian population (e.g., Moldovans, Aromanians, Megleno-Romanians, Istro-Romanians). The total estimate is roughly 5.9 million.

See also

References

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External links

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