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{{Infobox disease | {{Infobox medical condition (new)
Name = Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS) | | name = Unspecified feeding or eating disorder (UFED)
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ICD10 = {{ICD10|F|50|9|f|50}} | | field = ]
ICD9 = {{ICD9|307.50 }} | | synonyms =
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'''Unspecified feeding or eating disorder''' ('''UFED''') is a ] category of ]s that, along with ] (OSFED), replaced '''eating disorder not otherwise specified''' ('''EDNOS''') in the ].


'''Eating disorder not otherwise specified''' ('''EDNOS''') is an eating disorder that does not meet the criteria for ] or ].<ref>{{cite journal | title=Eating disorder NOS (EDNOS): an example of the troublesome "not otherwise specified" (NOS) category in DSM-IV | author=Christopher G. Fairburn and Kristin Bohn | journal=Behaviour Research and Therapy |date=June 2005 | volume=43 | issue=6 | pages=691–701 | doi=10.1016/j.brat.2004.06.011 | pmid=15890163 | pmc=2785872}}</ref> Thus, individuals who have clinically significant eating disorders that do not meet ] criteria for anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa are diagnosed with EDNOS. Individuals with EDNOS usually fall into one of three groups: sub-threshold symptoms of ] or ], mixed features of both disorders, or extremely atypical eating behaviors that are not characterized by either of the other established disorders.<ref name=pmid15890163/> UFED is an ] that does not meet the criteria for ], ], ], or other eating disorders.<ref name="Fairburn2005">{{cite journal|last1=Fairburn|first1=CG|author-link=Christopher Fairburn|last2=Bohn|first2=K|date=June 2005|title=Eating disorder NOS (EDNOS): an example of the troublesome "not otherwise specified" (NOS) category in DSM-IV|journal=Behav Res Ther|volume=43|issue=6|pages=691–701|doi=10.1016/j.brat.2004.06.011|pmc=2785872|pmid=15890163}}</ref> People with UFED can have similar symptoms and behaviors to those with anorexia and bulimia, and can face the same risks associated with those disorders.<ref name=NAMI>{{cite web|title=Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS)|url=http://www.nami.org/Template.cfm?Section=By_Illness&template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=65849|website=National Alliance of Mental Illness |access-date= December 21, 2014}}</ref>


== Signs and symptoms ==
Many people think that this type of eating disorder is not as serious compared to anorexia and bulimia. However that is not the case. More people are diagnosed with EDNOS than anorexia and bulimia combined. Also, the symptoms and behaviors of people suffering from EDNOS are similar to those that are suffering from anorexia and bulimia. People with EDNOS can face the same dangerous risk as people with anorexia and bulimia.<ref>{{cite web|title=Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS)|url=http://www.nami.org/Template.cfm?Section=By_Illness&template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=65849|website=National Alliance of Mental Illness}}</ref>


UFED is a disorder that's characterized by a disturbance or alteration in eating behaviors that leads to a significant impairment in physical or mental functioning, but cannot be defined under another specified feeding and eating disorder diagnosis. <ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Force.|first=American Psychiatric Association. American Psychiatric Association. DSM-5 Task|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1042815534|title=Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5.|date=2017|publisher=American Psychiatric Association|isbn=978-0-89042-554-1|oclc=1042815534}}</ref>
Eating disorders not otherwise specified is the most frequently diagnosed eating disorder in the United States. About 60% of adults that gets treatment for eating disorders are diagnosed with EDNOS. Many think that women are more likely to have eating disorders, but this is not the case. EDNOS can happen in both men and women.{{citation broken}}<ref>{{citation broken}} {{cite web|last1=Napierski-Prancl|first1=M.|title=Eating Disorders. In D. CarrEncyclopedia of the Life Course and Human Development (Vol. 1, pp. 151-154).|url=http://go.galegroup.com.proxy.wexler.hunter.cuny.edu/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CCX3273000050&v=2.1&u=cuny_hunter&it=r&p=GVRL&sw=w&asid=9e8d9d3d25c9f2b86834a88a5ae087e6|website=Gale Virtual Reference Library}}</ref>


== Diagnosis ==
Research is required into how many of these "residual" EDNOS diagnoses were eventually replaced by that of a recognized medical condition, whether psychologically or organically caused. While all organic causes should be ruled out prior to making a diagnosis of an eating disorder; it is difficult to diagnosed people with eating disorders due different factors. People with eating disorder can result in weight lost as well as mood changes. Along with clinical help, family members and friends should watch out if a loved one have for warning signs of eating disorders such as mood change or weight lost. The consequences of eating disorders can be life threatening, as it can lead to constipation, tooth decay and even cardiac problems.{{MEDRS}}<ref>{{MEDRS}}{{citation broken}} {{cite web|last1=Napierski-Prancl|first1=M.|title=Eating Disorders. In D. Carr (Ed.), Encyclopedia of the Life Course and Human Development (Vol. 1, pp. 151-154).|url=http://go.galegroup.com.proxy.wexler.hunter.cuny.edu/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CCX3273000050&v=2.1&u=cuny_hunter&it=r&p=GVRL&sw=w&asid=9e8d9d3d25c9f2b86834a88a5ae087e6|website=Gale Virtual Reference Library|publisher=Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA}}</ref>


UFED is diagnosed when a clinician chooses not to specify the reason that criteria aren't met for a specific eating and feeding disorder. This also includes situations where a clinician does not have sufficient information to make a specific diagnosis, such as an emergency room scenario. <ref name=":1" />
== Characteristics ==
]
Rather than providing specific diagnostic criteria for EDNOS, DSM-IV lists six non-exhaustive example presentations, including individuals who:<ref name=DSMIV/>


== Epidemiology ==
# Meet all criteria for anorexia nervosa except their weight falls within the normal range
Although EDNOS (formerly called atypical eating disorder) was originally introduced in the DSM-III to capture unusual cases,<ref name=DSMIII>{{cite book |author=American Psychiatric Association |year=1980 |title=Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders |edition=3rd |location=Washington, DC |publisher=American Psychiatric Association}}{{page needed|date=June 2012}}</ref> it accounts for up to 60%<ref name=Fairburn2005/> of cases in eating disorder specialty clinics. EDNOS is an especially prevalent category in populations that have received inadequate research attention such as young children, males, ], and non-Western groups.<ref name=Becker2009>{{cite journal |vauthors=Becker AE, Thomas JJ, Pike KM |title=Should non-fat-phobic anorexia nervosa be included in DSM-V? |journal=Int J Eat Disord |volume=42 |issue=7 |pages=620–35 | date=November 2009 |pmid=19655370 |doi=10.1002/eat.20727 }}</ref>
# Meet all criteria for bulimia nervosa except they engage in binge eating or purging behaviors less than twice per week or for fewer than three months
# Purge after eating small amounts of food while retaining a normal body weight
# Repeatedly chew and spit out large amounts of food without swallowing
# Meet criteria for ]


== Treatment ==
Despite its subclinical status in DSM-IV, available data suggest that EDNOS is no less severe than the officially recognized DSM-IV eating disorders. In a comprehensive meta-analysis of 125 studies, individuals with EDNOS exhibited similar levels of eating pathology and general psychopathology to those with anorexia nervosa and binge eating disorder, and similar levels of physical health problems as those with anorexia nervosa.<ref name=pmid19379023/> Although individuals with bulimia nervosa scored significantly higher than those with EDNOS on measures of eating pathology and general psychopathology, EDNOS exhibited more physical health problems than bulimia nervosa.<ref name=pmid19379023/>
When treating any eating disorder, including unspecified disorders, it is important to include a registered dietician or nutritionist working with the treatment team.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|date=July 2001|title=Position of the American Dietetic Association|url=https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-8223(01)00201-2|journal=Journal of the American Dietetic Association|volume=101|issue=7|pages=810–819|doi=10.1016/s0002-8223(01)00201-2|pmid=11478482 |issn=0002-8223|author1=American Dietetic Association }}</ref> Even though eating disorders are a psychological diagnosis, psychologists are not certified or licensed in dietetics or nutrition, so it is important that psychologists are not practicing outside their bounds of competence. Medical Nutrition Therapy is vital in the treatment and management of eating disorders.<ref name=":0" /> The dietician assists the patient by creating a meal plan that is tailored to their individual needs and treatment goals. The dietician will also provide psychoeducation that challenges nutrition misinformation and will ideally create a space where the patient feels comfortable asking questions.<ref name=":0" />


== See also ==
Importantly, an EDNOS diagnosis may presage future diagnostic crossover into officially recognized eating disorder categories. For example, 40% of individuals with EDNOS go on to develop anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa within one<ref name=pmid16319411/> to two years.<ref name=pmid8275062/>
* ]

*]
Health problems associated with EDNOS are varied due to the heterogeneous nature of the diagnosis. They are both psychological and physical, and vary greatly in severity.
*]
They include <ref>{{cite web|title=Nutrition Intervention in the Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Eating Disorders not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS)|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0002-8223%2801%2900201-2|website=Journal of Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics}}</ref>:
* ]

* ]
*]<ref>{{cite journal|title=Osteoporosis in women with eating disorders: comparison of physical parameters, exercise, and menstrual status with SPA and DPA evaluation.| pmid=2308003 | volume=31 | issue=3|date=March 1990| pages=325–31}}</ref>
* ]
*]<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Turner|first1=Hannah|last2=Peveler|first2=Robert|title=Eating disorders and type 1 diabetes mellitus|journal=Psychiatry|date=April 2005|volume=4|issue=4|pages=30–33|doi=10.1383/psyt.4.4.30.63442|accessdate=October 2014}}</ref>
*]{{citation needed|date=April 2013}}
*Pseudo ]{{citation needed|date=April 2013}}
*Oral problems - ], ], ], etc.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Johansson|first1=Ann-Katrin|last2=Norring|first2=Claes|last3=Unell|first3=Lennart|last4=Johansson|first4=Anders|title=Eating disorders and oral health: a matched case-control study|journal=European Journal of Oral Sciences|date=2012|volume=120|issue=1|pages=61–68|doi=10.1111/j.1600-0722.2011.00922.x|accessdate=20 October 2014}}</ref>
*]{{citation needed|date=April 2013}}
*Iron Deficiency ]

People suffering with EDNOS may have symptoms similar to those suffering with BED (Binge Eating Disorder), which entails continuous binging without vomiting afterwards.{{mcn}}

] may help patients recover from EDNOS. CBT consists of creating a balanced meal plan, and teaching patients about eating patterns in order to normalize them.{{mcn}}

==Medical Complications==

==Diagnosis==

An EDNOS diagnosis can be described as a mixture of symptom patterns that lasts a short period of time. These symptoms can be categorized to better understand the heterogeneity of an EDNOS diagnosis.{{MEDRS}}<ref>{{MEDRS}}{{cite web|last1=Ranson|first1=K M von|title=Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/search/?title=Eating_disorder_not_otherwise_specified&action=edit&section=5|website=www.go.galegroup.com|publisher=V.S. Ramachandram|accessdate=30 October 2014}}</ref> The three general categories for an EDNOS diagnosis are subthreshold symptoms of anorexia or bulimia, a mixture of both anorexia or bulimia, and eating behaviors that are not particularized by anorexia and bulimia. Thus, these symptoms describe a person who is predominantly likely to develop, or recover from, ] or ]. The symptoms an individual undergoes depends on the phase of the disorder the individual is in.{{MEDRS}}<ref>{{MEDRS}}{{cite web|last1=Le Grange D|title=A Closer Look at Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS)|url=http://eatingdisorder.org/eating-disorder-information/eating-disorder-not-otherwise-specified/|website=www.eatingdisorder.org|accessdate=30 October 2014}}</ref>

===Changes made in the DSM-5===
]
The DSM-5 Eating Disorders Work Group has made several revisions to the diagnostic criteria, which they hope will reduce the reliance on EDNOS in clinical settings, and promote treatment-seeking and research among affected individuals. The DSM-5, published in May 2013, expands the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, and elevates binge eating disorder to a formally recognized diagnosis. Furthermore, DSM-5 renames the EDNOS category Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder, and provides the following named descriptions of example presentations:
# Atypical Anorexia Nervosa in which all criteria for anorexia nervosa are met except that the individual’s weight is within or above the normal range
# Subthreshold Bulimia Nervosa (low frequency or limited duration) in which all criteria for bulimia nervosa are met except the binge eating and compensatory behaviors occur on average less than once a week and for less than 3 months
# Subthreshold Binge Eating Disorder (low frequency or limited duration) in which all criteria for binge eating disorder are met, except the binge eating occurs on average less than once a week and for less than 3 months
# ] (PD) in which patients purge without binging; they consume a normal amount of food and typically maintain normal weight
# ] (NES) in which patients have nocturnal eating episodes, or eat a large proportion of their daily calorie intake after dinner
# Other Feeding or Eating Condition Not Elsewhere Classified which is a residual category for all other cases that are clinically significant but do not meet the criteria for formal eating disorder diagnoses <ref>American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. Arlington, VA, American Psychiatric Association, 2013. Web. . dsm.psychiatryonline.org</ref>

==Epidemiology==
Although EDNOS (formerly called “atypical eating disorder”) was originally introduced in DSM-III to capture unusual cases,<ref name=DSMIII/> it is now the most commonly diagnosed eating disorder. In addition, EDNOS was found to have a higher prevalence than other eating disorders.{{medrs}}<ref name="Epidemiology of Eating Disorders">{{medrs}}{{cite journal|last1=Sancho|first1=C.|last2=Arija|first2=M.V|last3=Asorey|first3=O.|last4=Canals|first4=J.|title=Epidemiology of Eating Disorders|journal=European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry|date=December 2007|volume=16|issue=8|pages=495–504|pmid=17876510}}</ref> Specifically, EDNOS accounts for approximately 40%<ref name=Button2005/> to 60%<ref name=pmid17374360/><ref name=pmid10942916/><ref name=Nollett2005/><ref name=Turner2004/> of cases in eating disorder specialty clinics, and up to 90% of eating disorder diagnoses conferred in non-specialty psychiatric settings.{{medrs}}<ref name=pmid18348598/> The lifetime prevalence of EDNOS in the ] Replication, a large epidemiological study that interviewed a nationally representative sample of U.S. residents, was 4.64% among adults and 4.78% among adolescents.<ref name=pmid22407912/> In addition, in a study based on a questionnaire regarding eating disorders sampled Norway's general female population and found that EDNOS had a lifetime prevalence of 3.0%.{{medrs}}<ref>{{medrs}}{{cite journal|last1=Götestam|first1=K. Gunnar|last2=Agras|first2=W. Stewart|title=General population-based epidemiological study of eating disorders in Norway|journal=International Journal of Eating Disorders|volume=18|issue=2|pages=119–126|doi=10.1002/1098-108X(199509)18:2<119::AID-EAT2260180203>3.0.CO;2-U|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/1098-108X(199509)18:2%3C119::AID-EAT2260180203%3E3.0.CO;2-U/abstract|accessdate=12 October 2014}}</ref> While in Spain, the prevalence of EDNOS ranged from 1.3% to 4.04%.{{medrs}}<ref name="Epidemiology of Eating Disorders"/> EDNOS is an especially prevalent category in populations that have received inadequate research attention such as young children, males, ethnic minorities, and non-Western groups.<ref name=pmid19655370/><ref name=pmid20346191/>


== References == == References ==
{{reflist|refs= {{reflist}}
<ref name=DSMIV>{{cite book |author=American Psychiatric Association |year=2000 |title=Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders |edition=4th |location=Washington, DC |publisher=American Psychiatric Association}}{{page needed|date=June 2012}}</ref>
<ref name=pmid15890163>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.brat.2004.06.011 |title=Eating disorder NOS (EDNOS): An example of the troublesome "not otherwise specified" (NOS) category in DSM-IV |year=2005 |last1=Fairburn |first1=Christopher G. |last2=Bohn |first2=Kristin |journal=Behaviour Research and Therapy |volume=43 |issue=6 |pages=691–701 |pmid=15890163 |pmc=2785872}}</ref>
<ref name=pmid19379023>{{cite journal |doi=10.1037/a0015326 |title=The relationship between eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) and officially recognized eating disorders: Meta-analysis and implications for DSM |year=2009 |last1=Thomas |first1=Jennifer J. |last2=Vartanian |first2=Lenny R. |last3=Brownell |first3=Kelly D. |journal=Psychological Bulletin |volume=135 |issue=3 |pages=407–33 |pmid=19379023 |pmc=2847852}}</ref>
<ref name=DSMIII>{{cite book |author=American Psychiatric Association |year=1980 |title=Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders |edition=3rd |location=Washington, DC |publisher=American Psychiatric Association}}{{page needed|date=June 2012}}</ref>
<ref name=Button2005>{{cite journal |doi=10.1192/pb.29.4.134 |title=Don't forget EDNOS (eating disorder not otherwise specified): Patterns of service use in an eating disorders service |year=2005 |last1=Button |first1=Eric J. |last2=Benson |first2=Elizabeth |last3=Nollett |first3=Nollett |last4=Palmer |first4=Robert L. |journal=Psychiatric Bulletin |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=134–6}}</ref>
<ref name=pmid17374360>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.brat.2007.01.010 |title=The severity and status of eating disorder NOS: Implications for DSM-V |year=2007 |last1=Fairburn |first1=Christopher G. |last2=Cooper |first2=Zafra |last3=Bohn |first3=Kristin |last4=O’Connor |first4=Marianne E. |last5=Doll |first5=Helen A. |last6=Palmer |first6=Robert L. |journal=Behaviour Research and Therapy |volume=45 |issue=8 |pages=1705–15 |pmid=17374360 |pmc=2706994}}</ref>
<ref name=pmid10942916>{{medrs}}{{cite journal |doi=10.1002/1098-108X(200011)28:3<303::AID-EAT7>3.0.CO;2-I |title=Criterion validity of the multiaxial assessment of eating disorders symptoms |year=2000 |last1=Martin |first1=Corby K. |last2=Williamson |first2=Donald A. |last3=Thaw |first3=Jean M. |journal=International Journal of Eating Disorders |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=303–10 |pmid=10942916}}</ref>
<ref name=Nollett2005>{{cite journal |doi=10.1002/erv.632 |title=Questionnaire measures of psychopathology in eating disorders: Comparisons between clinical groups |year=2005 |last1=Nollett |first1=C. L. |last2=Button |first2=E. J. |journal=European Eating Disorders Review |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=211–5}}</ref>
<ref name=Turner2004>{{cite journal |doi=10.1002/erv.552 |title=Eating disorder not otherwise specified(EDNOS): Profiles of clients presenting at a community eating disorder service |year=2004 |last1=Turner |first1=Hannah |last2=Bryant-Waugh |first2=Rachel |journal=European Eating Disorders Review |volume=12 |pages=18–26}}</ref>
{{medrs}}<ref name=pmid18348598>{{medrs}}{{cite journal |doi=10.4088/JCP.v69n0306 |title=Problems Applying the DSM-IV Eating Disorders Diagnostic Criteria in a General Psychiatric Outpatient Practice |year=2008 |last1=Zimmerman |first1=Mark |last2=Francione-Witt |first2=Caren |last3=Chelminski |first3=Iwona |last4=Young |first4=Diane |last5=Tortolani |first5=Christina |journal=The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry |volume=69 |issue=3 |pages=381–4 |pmid=18348598}}</ref>
<ref name=pmid22407912>{{cite journal |doi=10.1002/eat.22006 |title=Eating disorder not otherwise specified presentation in the US population |year=2012 |last1=Le Grange |first1=Daniel |last2=Swanson |first2=Sonja A. |last3=Crow |first3=Scott J. |last4=Merikangas |first4=Kathleen R. |journal=International Journal of Eating Disorders |volume=45 |issue=5 |pages=711–8 |pmid=22407912}}</ref>
<ref name=pmid19655370>{{cite journal |doi=10.1002/eat.20727 |title=Should non-fat-phobic anorexia nervosa be included in DSM-V? |year=2009 |last1=Becker |first1=Anne E. |last2=Thomas |first2=Jennifer J. |last3=Pike |first3=Kathleen M. |editor1-last=Walsh |editor1-first=B. Timothy |journal=International Journal of Eating Disorders |volume=42 |issue=7 |pages=620–35 |pmid=19655370}}</ref>
<ref name=pmid20346191>{{cite journal |doi=10.1017/S0033291710000255 |title=A latent profile analysis of the typology of bulimic symptoms in an indigenous Pacific population: Evidence of cross-cultural variation in phenomenology |year=2010 |last1=Thomas |first1=J. J. |last2=Crosby |first2=R. D. |last3=Wonderlich |first3=S. A. |last4=Striegel-Moore |first4=R. H. |last5=Becker |first5=A. E. |journal=Psychological Medicine |volume=41 |pages=195–206 |pmid=20346191 |issue=1}}</ref>
<ref name=pmid16319411>{{cite journal |doi=10.1192/bjp.187.6.573 |title=Instability of eating disorder diagnoses: Prospective study |year=2005 |last1=Milos |first1=Gabriella |last2=Spindler |first2=Anja |last3=Schnyder |first3=Ulrich |last4=Fairburn |first4=Christopher G. |journal=The British Journal of Psychiatry |volume=187 |issue=6 |pmid=16319411 |pages=573–8 |pmc=2710504}}</ref>
<ref name=pmid8275062>{{cite journal |doi=10.1002/1098-108X(199311)14:3<261::AID-EAT2260140304>3.0.CO;2-N |title=A follow-up study of 33 subdiagnostic eating disordered women |year=1993 |last1=Herzog |first1=David B. |last2=Hopkins |first2=Julie D. |last3=Burns |first3=Craig D. |journal=International Journal of Eating Disorders |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=261–7 |pmid=8275062}}</ref>
}}


== External links == == External links ==
{{Medical resources
*
| DiseasesDB =
*
| ICD10 = {{ICD10|F|50|9|f|50}}

| ICD9 = {{ICD9|307.50 }}
{{Mental and behavioral disorders|selected = physical}}
| ICDO =
| OMIM =
| MedlinePlus =
| eMedicineSubj =
| eMedicineTopic =
| MeshID =
}}


] ]
]
]

Latest revision as of 23:34, 24 July 2022

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Medical condition
Unspecified feeding or eating disorder (UFED)
SpecialtyPsychiatry

Unspecified feeding or eating disorder (UFED) is a DSM-5 category of eating disorders that, along with other specified feeding or eating disorder (OSFED), replaced eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) in the DSM-IV-TR.

UFED is an eating disorder that does not meet the criteria for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, or other eating disorders. People with UFED can have similar symptoms and behaviors to those with anorexia and bulimia, and can face the same risks associated with those disorders.

Signs and symptoms

UFED is a disorder that's characterized by a disturbance or alteration in eating behaviors that leads to a significant impairment in physical or mental functioning, but cannot be defined under another specified feeding and eating disorder diagnosis.

Diagnosis

UFED is diagnosed when a clinician chooses not to specify the reason that criteria aren't met for a specific eating and feeding disorder. This also includes situations where a clinician does not have sufficient information to make a specific diagnosis, such as an emergency room scenario.

Epidemiology

Although EDNOS (formerly called atypical eating disorder) was originally introduced in the DSM-III to capture unusual cases, it accounts for up to 60% of cases in eating disorder specialty clinics. EDNOS is an especially prevalent category in populations that have received inadequate research attention such as young children, males, ethnic minorities, and non-Western groups.

Treatment

When treating any eating disorder, including unspecified disorders, it is important to include a registered dietician or nutritionist working with the treatment team. Even though eating disorders are a psychological diagnosis, psychologists are not certified or licensed in dietetics or nutrition, so it is important that psychologists are not practicing outside their bounds of competence. Medical Nutrition Therapy is vital in the treatment and management of eating disorders. The dietician assists the patient by creating a meal plan that is tailored to their individual needs and treatment goals. The dietician will also provide psychoeducation that challenges nutrition misinformation and will ideally create a space where the patient feels comfortable asking questions.

See also

References

  1. ^ Fairburn, CG; Bohn, K (June 2005). "Eating disorder NOS (EDNOS): an example of the troublesome "not otherwise specified" (NOS) category in DSM-IV". Behav Res Ther. 43 (6): 691–701. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2004.06.011. PMC 2785872. PMID 15890163.
  2. "Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS)". National Alliance of Mental Illness. Retrieved December 21, 2014.
  3. ^ Force., American Psychiatric Association. American Psychiatric Association. DSM-5 Task (2017). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5. American Psychiatric Association. ISBN 978-0-89042-554-1. OCLC 1042815534.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  4. American Psychiatric Association (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
  5. Becker AE, Thomas JJ, Pike KM (November 2009). "Should non-fat-phobic anorexia nervosa be included in DSM-V?". Int J Eat Disord. 42 (7): 620–35. doi:10.1002/eat.20727. PMID 19655370.
  6. ^ American Dietetic Association (July 2001). "Position of the American Dietetic Association". Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 101 (7): 810–819. doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(01)00201-2. ISSN 0002-8223. PMID 11478482.

External links

ClassificationD
Category: