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{{For|the area of Madrid in Spain|Malasaña}} {{For|the area of Madrid in Spain|Malasaña}}
]
⚫ {{Contains Indic text}}
]
The '''malasana''' is a ] ].{{sfn||Frawley|Kozak|2001|p=225}}{{sfn|Ramaswami|Krishnamacharya|2005|p=28}}{{sfn|Bell|1998|p=47}}{{sfn|Stewart|1998|p=68}}{{sfn|Mehta|Collins|1998|p=34}}
The name '''Malasana''' is used for various ] ] in ] and modern ].{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|p=261-267}}{{sfn|Ramaswami|Krishnamacharya|2005|p=28}}


Traditionally, and in ]'s '']'', Malasana, or '''Garland Pose''', is used for a squatting pose with the feet together and the back rounded with multiple hand placement variations.{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|p=266}} When the hands are bound around the back this pose is called ''Kanchyasana'' ("golden belt pose").{{sfn|Ramaswami|Krishnamacharya|2005|p=28}}
⚫ ==Etymology==
''Malasana'' can be found in three slightly different Sanskrit spellings:
* {{lang-sa|मलसन}}, ''malasana'' (pronounce "ma-la-sa-na") - "Excretion Pose", "Relieving Pose", "Yoga Squat"{{sfn||Gavalas|2003|p=174}}
* {{lang-sa|मलासन}}, ''malāsana'' (pronounce "ma-laa-sa-na"), which would mean "Indian plum garland"<ref group=web name="ssde-malA" />}}
* {{lang-sa|मालासन}}, ''mālāsana'' (pronounce "maa-laa-sa-na") - "Garland Pose"


In the West, the name Malasana is also used for the regular squat pose, '''Upaveshasana''',{{sfn|Kaminoff|Kaminoff|2013}} in which the hand palms are folded together in ] in front of the chest, and the feet are set wider apart.
The Sanskrit spelling, and thereby the interpretation, of "mala", is a matter of debate. The "a" may be pronounced either short ("a") or long ("aa"), indicated by a an additional line behind the letter:
* मल mala, pronounce "ma-la" - "dirt, dust, impurity, secretion"<ref group=web name="ssde-mala"></ref>
* मला malā, pronounce "ma-laa" - "Indian Plum (] - Bot.)<ref group=web name="ssde-malA"></ref>
* माला mālā, pronounce "maa-laa" - "garland, necklace"<ref group=web name="ssde-mAlA"></ref>


⚫ == Etymology ==
The Shree Bindu Sewa Sansthan Ashram gives the following interpretation:<ref group=web name=""></ref>
⚫ {{Contains special characters|Indic}}
* मल mala, pronounce "ma-la" - excrement, shit
* माला mālā, pronounce "maa-laa" - garland, necklace, rosary


The name Malasana is from the ] "माला" ''mālā'', a garland, necklace, or rosary;<ref name="ssde-mAlA">{{Cite web |url=http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?tinput=mAlA&script=&direction=SE&link=yes |title=spokensanskrit.de, ''mAlA'' |access-date=2014-12-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170503013956/http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?tinput=mAlA&script=&direction=SE&link=yes |archive-date=2017-05-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and "आसन" ''āsana'', "seat" or "posture". According to Iyengar, the name derives from the arms "hanging from the neck like a garland".{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|p=267}} Under the name Malasana, the 19th-century ] illustrates what is now called ] (the shoulder press), a pose in which the body is completely supported on the hands.{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=27}}{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|p=280-282}}{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=40}}{{refn|group=note|In this position, the arms are indeed "hanging from the neck like a garland,"{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|p=267}} in contrast to Iyengar's squatting Malasana and Upavesasana.}}
⚫ ==Description==
]
]
The asana is a squat with heels flat on the floor and hip-width apart (or slightly wider if necessary), toes pointing out on a diagonal. The torso is brought forward between the thighs, elbows are braced against the inside of the knees, and the hands press together in front of the chest in ].


{{anchor|Variations}}
''The Yoga Journal'' says the malasana stretches the ankles, groins and back, tones the belly. It also cautions about using the pose when there are lower back or knee injuries.<ref group=web></ref>


⚫ == Description and variants ==
The ''Sritattvanidhi'', a 19th century book on yoga-asanas, gives a different picture for the mālāsana at plate no.44.{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=27}} The ''Sritattvanidhi'' is attributed to Mummadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar (1794-1868).{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=40}} The illustrations of the asanas are taken from the "Hathayoga Pradipika", a compilation of
diffrent yoga texts, the dating of which is uncertain.{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=40}}


The name malasana is used for the following asanas:{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|p=261-267}}{{sfn|Ramaswami|Krishnamacharya|2005|p=28}}{{sfn|Sjoman|1999|p=27}}
⚫ == See also ==
⚫ * ]
* ]


=== Upaveshasana ===
⚫ ==Notes==
]
⚫ {{reflist|group=note|2}}


The name Malasana is sometimes used in the West for the regular squat pose, Upaveshasana,{{sfn|Kaminoff|Kaminoff|2013}} in which the palms of the hands are folded together in ] (prayer posture) in front of the chest, and the feet are set apart. '']'' states that Malasana stretches the ankles, groins and back, and tones the belly, but cautions about using the asana when there are lower back or knee injuries.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yogajournal.com/poses/2472 |title=Garland Pose |publisher=] |date=28 August 2007}}</ref> A variant of this pose, Prapadasana, has the heels together and the feet on tiptoe.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tiptoe Pose: Prapadasana |url=http://www.yogabasics.com/asana/tiptoe-pose/ |publisher=Yoga Basics |access-date=8 February 2019}}</ref>
⚫ === References ===
{{Reflist}}


=== Malasana I/Kanchyasana ===
===Sources===
In the first variant, also called Kanchyasana ("golden belt pose"),{{sfn|Ramaswami|Krishnamacharya|2005|p=28}} the feet are together with the arms wrapped around the back, while the chin touches the floor.{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|p=262-266}}


⚫ === Malasana II ===
;Published sources
In the second variant, the hands wrap around the heels, and the chin touches the floor.{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|p=266}}{{refn|group=note|Iyengar mentions this as variant II.{{sfn|Iyengar|1979|p=266}}}}
{{refbegin}}
* {{Citation | last =Bell | first =Rosamund | year =1998| title =Simple yoga techniques | publisher =New Holland | isbn =978-1-86436-418-7}}
* {{Citation | last1 =Frawley | first1 =David | last2 =Kozak | first2 =Sandra Summerfield | year =2001 | title=Yoga for Your Type: An Ayurvedic Approach to Your Asana Practice | publisher =Lotus Press | isbn =978-0-910261-30-2}}
* {{Citation | last =Gavalas | first =Elaine | year =2003 | title =The Yoga Minibook for Longevity: A Specialized Program for a Healthier, Vital You | publisher =Simon & Schuster | isbn =978-0-7432-2699-8}}
* {{Citation | last1 =Mehta | first1 =Mira | last2 =Collins | first2 =Elaine | year =1998 | title=How to use yoga: a step-by-step guide to the Iyengar method of yoga, for relaxation, health and well-being | publisher =Rodmell Press | isbn =978-0-9627138-6-6}}
⚫ * {{Citation | last1 =Ramaswami | first1 =Srivatsa | last2 =Krishnamacharya | first2 =T. | year =2005 | title =The complete book of vinyasa yoga: an authoritative presentation, based on 30 years of direct study under the legendary yoga teacher Krishnamacharya | publisher =Da Capo Press | isbn=978-1-56924-402-9}}
* {{Citation | last =Sjoman | first =N.E. | year =1999 | title =The Yoga Tradition of the Mysore Palace | publisher =Abhinav Publications}}
* {{Citation | last =Stewart | first =Mary | year =1998| title =Yoga | publisher =McGraw-Hill Trade | isbn =978-0-8442-0279-2}}
{{refend}}


⚫ == See also ==
;Web-sources

⚫ {{reflist|group=web}}
⚫ * ]

⚫ == Notes ==
⚫ {{reflist|group=note|2}}


== Further reading == == References ==
⚫ {{reflist|30em}}
⚫ * {{Citation | last =Iyengar | first =B. K. S. | authorlink =B. K. S. Iyengar | year =2005 | title =Illustrated Light On Yoga | publisher =HarperCollins | isbn =978-81-7223-606-9}}
* {{Citation | last =Saraswati | first =Swami Satyananda | authorlink =Swami Satyananda Saraswati | year =2003 | title= Asana Pranayama Mudra Bandha | publisher =Nesma Books India | isbn =978-81-86336-14-4}}
* {{Citation | last =Saraswati | first =Swami Satyananda | authorlink =Swami Satyananda Saraswati | year =2004 | title =A Systematic Course in the Ancient Tantric Techniques of Yoga and Kriya | publisher =Nesma Books India | isbn =978-81-85787-08-4}}


== External links == == Sources==


⚫ * {{cite book | last=Iyengar | first=B. K. S. |author-link=B. K. S. Iyengar | year=1979 | title=Light on Yoga | publisher=Unwin Paperbacks}}
* {{cite book | last1=Kaminoff | first1=Leslie |author1-link=Leslie Kaminoff | last2=Kaminoff | first2=Matthew | year=2013 | title=Yoga-Anatomie: Ihr Begleiter durch die Asanas, Bewegungen und Atemtechniken | publisher=Riva Verlag}}
⚫ * {{cite book | last1=Ramaswami | first1=Srivatsa | author-link=Srivatsa Ramaswami | last2=Krishnamacharya | first2=T. | author2-link=Krishnamacharya | year=2005 | title=The complete book of vinyasa yoga: an authoritative presentation, based on 30 years of direct study under the legendary yoga teacher Krishnamacharya | publisher=Da Capo Press | isbn=978-1-56924-402-9 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/completebookofvi00rama }}
* {{cite book | last=Sjoman | first=Norman E. |author-link=Norman Sjoman | year=1999 |orig-year=1996 | title=The Yoga Tradition of the Mysore Palace |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1BU2WI8wMpcC | publisher=Abhinav Publications| isbn=978-81-7017-389-2 }}


{{Asana}} {{Asana}}
{{Yoga}} {{Yoga as exercise}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Malasana}}
⚫ ]
] ]
⚫ ]

Latest revision as of 06:54, 4 February 2024

For the area of Madrid in Spain, see Malasaña.
Malasana II from the front
Malasana II from the side

The name Malasana is used for various squatting asanas in hatha yoga and modern yoga as exercise.

Traditionally, and in B. K. S. Iyengar's Light on Yoga, Malasana, or Garland Pose, is used for a squatting pose with the feet together and the back rounded with multiple hand placement variations. When the hands are bound around the back this pose is called Kanchyasana ("golden belt pose").

In the West, the name Malasana is also used for the regular squat pose, Upaveshasana, in which the hand palms are folded together in Anjali Mudra in front of the chest, and the feet are set wider apart.

Etymology

This article contains Indic text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks or boxes, misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of Indic text.

The name Malasana is from the Sanskrit "माला" mālā, a garland, necklace, or rosary; and "आसन" āsana, "seat" or "posture". According to Iyengar, the name derives from the arms "hanging from the neck like a garland". Under the name Malasana, the 19th-century Sritattvanidhi illustrates what is now called Bhujapidasana (the shoulder press), a pose in which the body is completely supported on the hands.

Description and variants

The name malasana is used for the following asanas:

Upaveshasana

Upaveshasana

The name Malasana is sometimes used in the West for the regular squat pose, Upaveshasana, in which the palms of the hands are folded together in Anjali Mudra (prayer posture) in front of the chest, and the feet are set apart. Yoga Journal states that Malasana stretches the ankles, groins and back, and tones the belly, but cautions about using the asana when there are lower back or knee injuries. A variant of this pose, Prapadasana, has the heels together and the feet on tiptoe.

Malasana I/Kanchyasana

In the first variant, also called Kanchyasana ("golden belt pose"), the feet are together with the arms wrapped around the back, while the chin touches the floor.

Malasana II

In the second variant, the hands wrap around the heels, and the chin touches the floor.

See also

Notes

  1. In this position, the arms are indeed "hanging from the neck like a garland," in contrast to Iyengar's squatting Malasana and Upavesasana.
  2. Iyengar mentions this as variant II.

References

  1. ^ Iyengar 1979, p. 261-267.
  2. ^ Ramaswami & Krishnamacharya 2005, p. 28.
  3. ^ Iyengar 1979, p. 266.
  4. ^ Kaminoff & Kaminoff 2013.
  5. "spokensanskrit.de, mAlA". Archived from the original on 2017-05-03. Retrieved 2014-12-31.
  6. ^ Iyengar 1979, p. 267.
  7. ^ Sjoman 1999, p. 27.
  8. Iyengar 1979, p. 280-282.
  9. Sjoman 1999, p. 40.
  10. "Garland Pose". Yoga Journal. 28 August 2007.
  11. "Tiptoe Pose: Prapadasana". Yoga Basics. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
  12. Iyengar 1979, p. 262-266.

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