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| {{short description|Urartian solar god}} | |||
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| '''Shivini''' or '''Artinis''' (the present form of the name is '''Artin''', meaning "sun rising" or to "awake", and it persists in ] names to this day)<ref>Turner, Patricia and Charles Coulter. ''Dictionary of Ancient Deities''. Oxford Univ. Press US, 2001. pp. 71, 268, 399, 461.</ref> was a ] in the ] of the ]. He is the third god in a triad with ] and ] and is cognate with the triad in Hinduism called ]. The Assyrian god ] is a counterpart to Shivini. He was depicted as a man on his knees, holding up a solar disc. His wife was most likely a goddess called ] who is listed as the third goddess on the ] inscription.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Ancient Civilization of Urartu: An Archaeological Adventure |last=Piotrovsky |first=Boris B.|year=1969 |publisher=Cowles Book Co. |location= |isbn=0-214-66793-6|accessdate= 2009-03-26}}</ref> Shivini is generally considered a good god, like that of the ] solar god, ], and unlike the solar god of the ], ] to whom sometimes human sacrifices were made.<ref>{{cite book |title= The Kingdom of Armenia|last=Chahin |first=Mark|year=1987 |publisher=Dorset Press|isbn=0-88029-609-7|accessdate=2009-03-26 }}</ref> | |||
| '''Shivini''' ({{langx|xur|]|translit=<sup>d</sup>ši-i-u<sub>2</sub>-i-ni}}), also known as Siuini, Artinis, Ardinis, was a ] in the ] of the ] kingdom of ] in the ].{{efn|He was also called ''Šimigi'' by the ]s.<ref>Lurker, Manfred (2004). ''A Dictionary of Gods and Goddesses, Devils and Demons''. Routledge. p. 325. {{ISBN|0-415-03943-6}}</ref>}} He is the third god in a triad with ] and ]. The Assyrian god ] is a counterpart to Shivini. He was depicted as a man on his knees, holding up a solar disc. His wife was most likely a goddess called ] who is listed as the third goddess on the ] inscription.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Ancient Civilization of Urartu: An Archaeological Adventure |last=Piotrovsky |first=Boris B.|year=1969 |publisher=Cowles Book Co. |isbn=0-214-66793-6}}</ref> | |||
| Armen Petrosyan and other scholars argue that his name derives from a ], and is, therefore, of the same ] as the names of Ancient Greek ] and Roman ].<ref>Petrosyan, Armen. "". In: ''Journal of the Society for Armenian Studies'' Vol. 20 (2011): 145 and footnote nr. 26.</ref> | |||
| == Gallery == | |||
| <gallery> | |||
| Stamp of Armenia m29.jpg|Armenian postage stamp, 1993 | |||
| Urartu God Shivini.jpg|Shivini god | |||
| UrartianCaldron03.jpg|Shivini's bronze caldron | |||
| UrartianCaldron03~.jpg|The caldron's bronze-sculpted handle | |||
| </gallery> | |||
| ==Footnotes== | |||
| {{notelist|}} | |||
| == References == | == References == | ||
| {{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
| ==Further reading== | |||
| {{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see ]. --> | |||
| * Badalyan, Miqayel. "Šiuini: The Urartian Sun God." In Over the Mountains and Far Away: Studies in Near Eastern History and Archaeology Presented to Mirjo Salvini on the Occasion of His 80th Birthday, edited by Avetisyan Pavel S., Dan Roberto, and Grekyan Yervand H., 46–57. Summertown: Archaeopress, 2019. doi:10.2307/j.ctvndv9f0.10. | |||
| | NAME = Shivini | |||
| | ALTERNATIVE NAMES = | |||
| | SHORT DESCRIPTION = Armenian deity | |||
| | DATE OF BIRTH = | |||
| | PLACE OF BIRTH = | |||
| | DATE OF DEATH = | |||
| | PLACE OF DEATH = | |||
| }} | |||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| {{ANE-bio-stub}} | {{ANE-bio-stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 00:20, 22 December 2024
Urartian solar god
Shivini (Urartian: 𒀭𒅆𒄿𒌑𒄿𒉌, romanized: ši-i-u2-i-ni), also known as Siuini, Artinis, Ardinis, was a solar god in the mythology of the Iron Age kingdom of Urartu in the Armenian Highlands. He is the third god in a triad with Khaldi and Theispas. The Assyrian god Shamash is a counterpart to Shivini. He was depicted as a man on his knees, holding up a solar disc. His wife was most likely a goddess called Tushpuea who is listed as the third goddess on the Mheri-Dur inscription.
Armen Petrosyan and other scholars argue that his name derives from a Hittite source, and is, therefore, of the same Indo-European origin as the names of Ancient Greek Zeus and Roman Jupiter.
Gallery
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Armenian postage stamp, 1993
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Shivini god
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Shivini's bronze caldron
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The caldron's bronze-sculpted handle
Footnotes
- He was also called Šimigi by the Hurrians.
References
- Lurker, Manfred (2004). A Dictionary of Gods and Goddesses, Devils and Demons. Routledge. p. 325. ISBN 0-415-03943-6
- Piotrovsky, Boris B. (1969). The Ancient Civilization of Urartu: An Archaeological Adventure. Cowles Book Co. ISBN 0-214-66793-6.
- Petrosyan, Armen. "Collegiality and Interchange in Armenian Studies". In: Journal of the Society for Armenian Studies Vol. 20 (2011): 145 and footnote nr. 26.
Further reading
- Badalyan, Miqayel. "Šiuini: The Urartian Sun God." In Over the Mountains and Far Away: Studies in Near Eastern History and Archaeology Presented to Mirjo Salvini on the Occasion of His 80th Birthday, edited by Avetisyan Pavel S., Dan Roberto, and Grekyan Yervand H., 46–57. Summertown: Archaeopress, 2019. doi:10.2307/j.ctvndv9f0.10.
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