Ferdows: Difference between revisions

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			{{Short description\|City in South Khorasan province, Iran}}
	{{ other uses}}

			{{for multi\|the administrative division of South Khorasan province\|Ferdows County\|other places with a similar name\|Ferdows (disambiguation){{!}}Ferdows}}

			{{Use dmy dates\|date=March 2023}}

	{{Infobox settlement		{{Infobox settlement
	<!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage-->		<!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage-->
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	\|official_name = Ferdows		\|official_name = Ferdows
	\|other_name =		\|other_name =
	\|native_name = فردوس		\|native_name = {{langx\|fa\|فردوس}}
			\|settlement_type = City
	\|nickname =		\|nickname =
	\|settlement_type = <!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)-->
	\|motto =		\|motto =
	<!-- images and maps ----------->		<!-- images and maps ----------->
			\|image_seal=
	\|image_skyline =
	\|~~image_size~~ = ~~300~~		\|image_skyline = {{Photomontage
			\|photo3a = مدرسه علیا فردوس 06.jpg{{!}}
	\|image_caption = Jahad Square in Ferdows
			\|photo3b =مدرسه علیا فردوس 01.jpg{{!}}
	\|image_flag =
			\| photo1a = مدرسه علیا فردوس 02.jpg
	\|flag_size =
			\| photo2b =
	\|image_seal =
			\| photo2a =
	\|seal_size =
			\| spacing = ۲
	\|image_shield =
			\| size = 266
	\|shield_size =
			\| foot_montage =
	\|city_logo =
			}}
	\|citylogo_size =
	\|~~image_map~~ =		\|imagesize = 300
	\|~~mapsize~~ =		\|image_caption =
	\|map_caption =
	\|image_map1 =
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	\|pushpin_map_caption =		\|pushpin_map_caption =
	\|pushpin_mapsize =		\|pushpin_mapsize =
			\|pushpin_relief = 1
	<!-- Location ------------------>		<!-- Location ------------------>
	\|coordinates_region = IR
	\|subdivision_type = Country		\|subdivision_type = Country
	\|subdivision_name = ~~{{IRN}}~~		\|subdivision_name = ]
	\|subdivision_type1 = ]		\|subdivision_type1 = ]
	\|subdivision_name1 = ]		\|subdivision_name1 = ]
	\|subdivision_type2 = ]		\|subdivision_type2 = ]
	\|subdivision_name2 = ]		\|subdivision_name2 = ]
	\|subdivision_type3 = ]		\|subdivision_type3 = ]
	\|subdivision_name3 = ]		\|subdivision_name3 = ]
	\|subdivision_type4 =		\|subdivision_type4 =
Line 67:		Line 65:
	\|area_land_km2 =		\|area_land_km2 =
	\|area_water_km2 =		\|area_water_km2 =
	\|area_total_sq_mi =
	\|area_land_sq_mi =
	\|area_water_sq_mi =
	\|area_water_percent =
	\|area_urban_km2 =
	\|area_urban_sq_mi =
	\|area_metro_km2 =
	\|area_metro_sq_mi =
	\|area_blank1_title =
	\|area_blank1_km2 =
	\|area_blank1_sq_mi =
	<!-- Population ----------------------->		<!-- Population ----------------------->
			\|population_footnotes = <ref name="2016 South Khorasan Province"/>
	\|population_as_of = 2011
	\|~~population_footnotes~~ =		\|population_as_of = 2016
	\|~~population_note~~ = ~~Census~~		\|population_total = 28695
	\|population_total = 25,968<ref name="2011Census">{{cite web\|script-title=fa:نتایج سرشماری سال ۱۳۹۰\|url=http://www.sko.ir/Sarshomari1390/Shahrhaye_IRAN.xls\|accessdate=19 August 2013\|language=Persian}}</ref>
	\|population_density_km2 =		\|population_density_km2 =
	\|population_density_sq_mi =
	\|population_metro =
	\|population_density_metro_km2 =
	\|population_density_metro_sq_mi =
	\|population_urban =
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	\|population_blank1_title =
	\|population_blank1 =
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	\|population_density_blank1_sq_mi=
	<!-- General information --------------->		<!-- General information --------------->
	\|timezone = ]		\|timezone = ]
	\|utc_offset = +3:30		\|utc_offset = +3:30
	\|~~timezone_DST~~ = ]		\| blank_name = Routes
			\| blank_info = {{Jct\|country=IRN\|Road\|91}}
	\|utc_offset_DST = +4:30
			\|coordinates = {{coord\|34\|01\|09\|N\|58\|10\|23\|E\|dim:2km\|display=inline,title}}
	\|coordinates_display = %
			\|coordinates_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite map \|author=((OpenStreetMap contributors)) \|url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=34.019167&mlon=58.173056&zoom=14#map=14/34.01917/58.17306\|website=] \|title=Ferdows, Ferdows County\|date=10 November 2024\|access-date=10 November 2024\|lang=fa}}</ref>
	\|latd=34 \|latm=01 \|lats=07 \|latNS=N
	\|longd=58 \|longm=10 \|longs=20 \|longEW=E
	\|elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->		\|elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->
	\|elevation_m = 1293		\|elevation_m = 1293
	\|elevation_ft =
	<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->		<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
	\|postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->		\|postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->
	\|postal_code =		\|postal_code =
	\|area_code =		\|area_code =
	\|~~blank_name~~ =		\|website = http://ferdows.ir
	\|blank_info =
	\|blank1_name =
	\|blank1_info =
	\|website = http://E-Ferdows.ir
	\|footnotes = {{GEOnet2\|32FA880A63133774E0440003BA962ED3}}		\|footnotes = {{GEOnet2\|32FA880A63133774E0440003BA962ED3}}
	}}		}}

			'''Ferdows''' ({{langx\|fa\|فردوس}}){{efn\|Also ]d as '''Ferdous'''; also known as '''Ferdos''' and '''Firdaus'''; until 1929 '''Tūn''', also romanized as '''Toon'''<ref>{{GEOnet3\|-3062926}}</ref>}} is a city in the ] of ], ] province, ], serving as capital of both the county and the district.<ref name="Khorasan Province Structure">{{cite report\|title=Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the divisions of Khorasan province, centered in Mashhad\|language=fa\|website=rc.majlis.ir\|via=Islamic Parliament Research Center\|url=https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/113047\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117024415/https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/113047\|publisher=Ministry of the Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Council\|last=Habibi\|first=Hassan\|archive-date=17 November 2015\|date=c. 2015\|orig-date=Approved 21 June 1369\|id=Proposal 3223.1.5.53; Approval Letter 3808-907; Notification 84902/T125K\|access-date=6 January 2024}}</ref> It is about {{convert\|345\|km\|mi}} south of ] and 200 km northwest of ]. Ferdows is on the main axis connecting ], ], ], ], ] and ] provinces to Mashhad. Ferdows city is 1293 meters above sea level.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Ferdows, Iran - Geographical Names, map, geographic coordinates \|url=https://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-4298602&fid=2833 \|access-date=2022-08-27 \|website=www.geographic.org}}</ref>
	'''Ferdows''' ({{lang-fa\|فردوس}}, also ]d as '''Ferdos''', '''Ferdous''', and '''Firdaus'''; named '''Toon''' or '''Tūn''' until 1929)<ref>{{GEOnet3\|-3062926}}</ref> is a city in and the capital of ], located in the northwest of ] Province in ]. It is about {{convert\|345\|km\|mi}} south of ] and 200 km northwest of ]. At the 2011 census, its population was 25,968, in 7,316 families.<ref name="2011Census"/>

	After dividing the ] into 3 provinces, Ferdows County was initially a part of ], but was incorporated within the borders of ] in March 2007.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.rooznamehrasmi.ir/Detail.asp?NewsID=923480581759097\|script-title=fa:تصویب‌نامه در مورد تقسیمات کشوری راجع به شهرستان فردوس از استان خراسان رضوی‌\|language=Persian}}</ref>

	== History ==		== History ==
			]. Toon (Ferdows), ] and ] are the cities indicated in ] (Nowadays South Khorasan Province).]]
	Founded by the ], Ferdows is currently a small town. It was a large and famous city in ancient days. There is an unproven theory that the town's name in ancient days was "Taban" (or shining; تابان in ]). In Islamic times it became known as Toon or Tūn, a name retained until 1929, when it was changed to Ferdows.
			]
			]
			]
			Founded by the ], Ferdows is currently a city. It was a large and famous city in ancient days. There is an unproven theory that the town's name in ancient days was "Taban" (or shining; تابان in ]). In Islamic times it became known as Toon or Tūn, a name retained until 1929, when it was changed to Ferdows.

	The first people to inhabit Ferdows were traditionally a group of ]. Toon was a famous and thriving city both before and during the Islamic era, until the raid of the ]. It was one of the most prominent cities of ], along with ]; ] mentioned Toon as a large city in the 11th century. Toon was plundered and destroyed by the Mongols in 1239. After the Mongol invasion, Toon eventually recovered and became one of the major cities of ] again. ] mentioned the south Khorasan region as ''Toonoqaen'', apparently in reference to the two largest cities, Toon & Qaen.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.sh-ferdows.ir/statics.aspx?flag=1\|title=Ferdows Municipality‌ Website\|language=~~Persian~~}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://sk-ferdos.ir/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=30&Itemid=52\|title=Ferdows Governorship\|language=~~Persian~~}}</ref>		The first people to inhabit Ferdows were traditionally a group of ]. Toon was a famous and thriving city both before and during the Islamic era, until the raid of the ]. It was one of the most prominent cities of ], along with ]; ] mentioned Toon as a large city in the 11th century. Toon ] by the Mongols in 1239. After the Mongol invasion, Toon eventually recovered and became one of the major cities of ] again. ] mentioned the south Khorasan region as ''Toonoqaen'', apparently in reference to the two largest cities, Toon and Qaen.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.sh-ferdows.ir/statics.aspx?flag=1 \|title=Ferdows Municipality‌ Website \|language=fa }}{{dead link\|date=December 2016 \|bot=InternetArchiveBot \|fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://sk-ferdos.ir/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=30&Itemid=52\|title=Ferdows Governorship\|language=fa\|access-date=2008-03-06\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080319085038/http://www.sk-ferdos.ir/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=30&Itemid=52\|archive-date=2008-03-19\|url-status=dead}}</ref>

			In early 1751 the town was captured by ] during his invasion of ] under ].<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Asia Publishing House New York\|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.185261\|title=Ahmad Shah Durrani (father Of Modern Afghanistan)\|date=1859}}</ref>
	Ferdows was still a famous and prosperous city in ] at the beginning of the 20th century and the Municipality of Ferdows, originally formed in 1925 (under the name of Toon), was one of the first Municipalities of ].<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.sh-ferdows.ir/statics.aspx?flag=2\|title=Ferdows Municipality History Website\|language=Persian}}</ref> But the city was devastated in a huge ] in 1968 and significantly declined thereafter.

			Ferdows was still a famous and prosperous city in ] at the beginning of the 20th century and the Municipality of Ferdows, originally formed in 1925 (under the name of Toon), was one of the first Municipalities of ].<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.sh-ferdows.ir/statics.aspx?flag=2 \|title=Ferdows Municipality History Website \|language=fa }}{{dead link\|date=December 2016 \|bot=InternetArchiveBot \|fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> But the city was devastated in a huge ] in 1968 and significantly declined thereafter.

			After ] was divided into three provinces, Ferdows County was initially a part of ]<ref name="Khorasan Province Divisions">{{Cite report\|title=The law of division of Khorasan province into three provinces\|url=https://qavanin.ir/Law/TreeText/86173\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030193054/https://qavanin.ir/Law/TreeText/86173\|archive-date=30 October 2020\|website=qavanin.ir\|via=Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran\|publisher=Islamic Council\|last=Adel\|first=Gholam Ali Haddad\|language=fa\|access-date=27 December 2023\|date=c. 2020\|orig-date=Approved 3 September 1383}}</ref> province, but was incorporated within the borders of ] province in 2006.<ref name="Ferdows County Extraction">{{Cite report\|title=Approval letter regarding national divisions regarding Ferdows County of Razavi Khorasan province\|url=http://www.rooznamehrasmi.ir/Detail.asp?NewsID=923480581759097\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930021418/http://www.rooznamehrasmi.ir/Detail.asp?NewsID=923480581759097\|archive-date=30 September 2007\|website=rooznamehrasmi.ir\|via=Iranian Official Journal\|publisher=Ministry of the Interior, Cabinet of Ministers\|last=Davodi\|first=Parviz\|language=fa\|access-date=10 November 2024\|date=8 October 2016\|orig-date=Approved 13 December 1385\|id=Notification 168635/T34488H}}</ref>

			==Demographics==
			===Population===
			At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 23,405 in 6,538 households.<ref name="2006 South Khorasan Province">{{cite report\|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): South Khorasan Province\|language=fa\|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran\|website=amar.org.ir\|url=http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/29.xls\|access-date=25 September 2022\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920092820/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/29.xls\|format=Excel\|archive-date=20 September 2011}}</ref> The following census in 2011 counted 25,968 people in 7,316 households.<ref name="2011 South Khorasan Province">{{cite report\|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): South Khorasan Province\|language=fa\|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran\|website=irandataportal.syr.edu\|via=Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University\|url=https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/South-Khorasan.xls\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120174134/https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/South-Khorasan.xls\|archive-date=20 January 2023\|access-date=19 December 2022\|format=Excel}}</ref> The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 28,695 people in 8,749 households.<ref name="2016 South Khorasan Province">{{cite report\|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): South Khorasan Province\|language=fa\|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran\|website=amar.org.ir\|url=https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_29.xlsx\|access-date=19 December 2022\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017050122/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_29.xlsx\|format=Excel\|archive-date=17 October 2020}}</ref>

	== Geography ==		== Geography ==
			===Location===
	Ferdows is located on the Plateau of Iran, between a desert region (mainly to the south and west) and a mountainous region (especially to the north and east). Most of villages around Ferdows are situated in the mountainous region to the north and northeast. The nearest town, ], lies just 3 km northeast. The city lies on the main route from ], ], ] and other southern cities to ] and hosts more than 6 million pilgrims annually on their way to Mashhad.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.khorasannews.com/News.aspx?type=4&year=1388&month=4&day=10&id=372498\|script-title=fa:فردوس در حوزه گردشگری باید به صورت ویژه دیده شود\|language=Persian}}</ref> It is also a nexus of several roads converging from different areas of Iran.
			Ferdows is on the Plateau of Iran, between a desert region (mainly to the south and west) and a mountainous region (especially to the north and east). Most of villages around Ferdows are situated in the mountainous region to the north and northeast. The nearest town, ], lies just 3 km northeast. The city lies on the main route from ], ], ] and other southern cities to ] and hosts more than 6 million pilgrims annually on their way to Mashhad.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.khorasannews.com/News.aspx?type=4&year=1388&month=4&day=10&id=372498 \|script-title=fa:فردوس در حوزه گردشگری باید به صورت ویژه دیده شود \|language=fa \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726072552/http://www.khorasannews.com/News.aspx?type=4&year=1388&month=4&day=10&id=372498 \|archive-date=2011-07-26 }}</ref> It is also a nexus of several roads converging from different areas of Iran.
	].]]

			{{clear}}
	=== Climate ===		=== Climate ===
	<!-- {{climate chart\|Ferdows		<!-- {{climate chart\|Ferdows
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	\|source=		\|source=
	}} -->		}} -->
			The climate is mild in the spring, hot in the summer, cool and rainy in autumn, and cold in the winter. Being located near deserts, the temperature difference between day and night, and also between summer and winter, is relatively high. The majority of precipitation occurs from mid-autumn to mid-spring. The hottest month is July (mean minimum temperature 21.8 °C, mean maximum temperature 36.6 °C) and the coldest is January (mean minimum temperature -1 °C, mean maximum temperature 10.3 °C)<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.irimo.ir/farsi/drought/synopH/Ferdous.txt \|title=Iran Meteorological Organization (IRIMO), Ferdous Station \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615123115/http://www.irimo.ir/farsi/drought/synopH/Ferdous.txt \|archive-date=2011-06-15 }}</ref>
			{{Weather box\|width=auto
			\|location = Ferdows, Iran
			\|metric first = yes
			\|single line = yes
			\|Jan high C = 10.3
			\|Feb high C = 12.7
			\|Mar high C = 17.3
			\|Apr high C = 24.7
			\|May high C = 30.3
			\|Jun high C = 35.7
			\|Jul high C = 36.6
			\|Aug high C = 35.2
			\|Sep high C = 32.3
			\|Oct high C = 25.8
			\|Nov high C = 18.9
			\|Dec high C = 12.9
			\|year high C = 24.4
			\|Jan mean C = 5.2
			\|Feb mean C = 7.5
			\|Mar mean C = 12.1
			\|Apr mean C = 19.3
			\|May mean C = 24.9
			\|Jun mean C = 30.3
			\|Jul mean C = 31.4
			\|Aug mean C = 29.5
			\|Sep mean C = 25.8
			\|Oct mean C = 19.3
			\|Nov mean C = 12.7
			\|Dec mean C = 7.3
			\|year mean C = 18.8
			\|Jan low C = -1.0
			\|Feb low C = 0.7
			\|Mar low C = 4.7
			\|Apr low C = 10.5
			\|May low C = 14.9
			\|Jun low C = 19.7
			\|Jul low C = 21.8
			\|Aug low C = 19.2
			\|Sep low C = 14.5
			\|Oct low C = 9.3
			\|Nov low C = 4.3
			\|Dec low C = 0.9
			\|year low C = 10.0
			\|Jan precipitation mm = 26.0
			\|Feb precipitation mm = 28.0
			\|Mar precipitation mm = 34.6
			\|Apr precipitation mm = 18.2
			\|May precipitation mm = 5.1
			\|Jun precipitation mm = 0.4
			\|Jul precipitation mm = 0.1
			\|Aug precipitation mm = 0.4
			\|Sep precipitation mm = 0.1
			\|Oct precipitation mm = 2.4
			\|Nov precipitation mm = 6.5
			\|Dec precipitation mm = 26.0
			\|year precipitation mm = 147.8
			\|Jan precipitation days = 7.0
			\|Feb precipitation days = 6.9
			\|Mar precipitation days = 8.3
			\|Apr precipitation days = 5.2
			\|May precipitation days = 2.5
			\|Jun precipitation days = 0.3
			\|Jul precipitation days = 0.1
			\|Aug precipitation days = 0.1
			\|Sep precipitation days = 0.1
			\|Oct precipitation days = 1.2
			\|Nov precipitation days = 2.6
			\|Dec precipitation days = 6.1
			\|year precipitation days = 40.4
			\|unit precipitation days = 0.01 mm
			\|Jan sun = 184
			\|Feb sun = 198
			\|Mar sun = 223
			\|Apr sun = 261
			\|May sun = 321
			\|Jun sun = 358
			\|Jul sun = 370
			\|Aug sun = 366
			\|Sep sun = 322
			\|Oct sun = 279
			\|Nov sun = 230
			\|Dec sun = 185
			\|year sun = 3297
			\|source 1 = Iran Meteorological Organization (IRIMO)<ref>{{cite web
			\|url=http://www.irimo.ir/farsi/drought/synopH/Ferdous.txt
			\|title=Iran Meteorological Organization (IRIMO), Ferdous Station
			\|url-status=dead
			\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615123115/http://www.irimo.ir/farsi/drought/synopH/Ferdous.txt
			\|archive-date=2011-06-15
			}}</ref>
			}}<!--

	The climate is mild in the spring, hot in the summer, cool and rainy in autumn, and cold in the winter. Being located near deserts, the temperature difference between day and night, and also between summer and winter, is relatively high. The majority of precipitation occurs from mid-autumn to mid-spring. The hottest month is July (mean minimum temperature 21.8 °C, mean maximum temperature 36.6 °C) and the coldest is January (mean minimum temperature -1 °C, mean maximum temperature 10.3 °C)<ref>{{cite web
	\|url=http://www.irimo.ir/farsi/drought/synopH/Ferdous.txt
	\|title=Iran Meteorological Organization (IRIMO), Ferdous Station}}</ref>

	{{Ferdows weatherbox}}

	<!--
	== Demography ==		== Demography ==
	== Economy ==		== Economy ==
Line 165:		Line 230:
	== Culture ==		== Culture ==
	-->		-->

			== Agriculture ==
			Ferdows is famous for its high quality ] and ].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.iran-daily.com/1387/3156/html/iranica.htm#s313635 \|title=Ferdows an Eastern Heaven \|access-date=6 April 2009 \|publisher=Iran Daily \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090307114827/http://www.iran-daily.com/1387/3156/html/iranica.htm \|archive-date=March 7, 2009 }}</ref>

	==Main sights==		==Main sights==
	]		]]]

	]
			]
	]
	]		]
			]
			]]]

	Major visitor attractions of Ferdows are:		Major visitor attractions of Ferdows are:
	* ]: one of the most important attractions of Ferdows for Iranian and International tourists		* ]: one of the most important attractions of Ferdows for Iranian and International tourists
	* ] (belonged to ])		* ] (belonged to ])
	* ] (Jame' Mosque of Ferdows) (belonged to ])		* ] (Jame' Mosque of Ferdows) (belonged to ])
			* ], a natural geological formation
			* ], a beautiful desert located 40 kilometers West of Ferdows
	* ]		* ]

			=== Emad Nezam Tourism Complex ===
	== Products ==
			It is located in the city of Ferdows, launched by entrepreneur in Iran, Dr. Mohammad Reza Amirhassankhani. He believes in the district of Ferdows with beautiful sightseeing and tourist destinations, investing his money there for many years. The large Complex includes a variety of subsectors:
	Ferdows is famous for its high quality ] and ].<ref>{{Cite web\| url =http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=60920&sectionid=351020108 \| title = Ferdows, Iran's eastern heaven\| accessdate = 4 January 2009\| date = 21 June 2008\| publisher = PRESS TV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\| url =http://www.iran-daily.com/1387/3156/html/iranica.htm#s313635 \| title = Ferdows an Eastern Heaven \| accessdate = 6 April 2009\| publisher = Iran Daily}} {{Dead link\|date=October 2010\|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>
			* ]
			* Emad Nezam Scientific, cultural and recreational collection affiliated with Mofid educational complex
			* Emad Nezam Sports Club
			* Emad Nezam Football Academy
			* Mofid Educational Complex
			* Polond Desert Tourism Camp<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://emadnezam.com/\|title=هتل سنتی عمادنظام فردوس\|website=هتل سنتی عمادنظام فردوس}}</ref>

			== Education and culture ==
			Education and culture Ferdows currently has several higher education centers:

			* ], Ferdows<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Islamic Azad University, Ferdows {{!}} Ranking & Review \|url=https://www.4icu.org/reviews/13300.htm \|access-date=2022-05-07 \|website=www.4icu.org}}</ref>
			* Ferdows and ] Medical Schools<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Qaen and Ferdows Medical Schools \|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357887287}}</ref>{{cn\|date=May 2022}}
			* Ferdows ]{{cn\|date=September 2023}}
			* Ferdows Faculty of Engineering<ref>{{Cite web \|date=2013-11-04 \|title=دانشگاه فني و مهندسي فردوس؛ از تأسيس تا ارتقا \|url=http://khorasannews.com/News.aspx?type=4&year=1392&month=5&day=26&id=5055665 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104153741/http://khorasannews.com/News.aspx?type=4&year=1392&month=5&day=26&id=5055665 \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=2013-11-04 \|access-date=2022-05-07 }}</ref>

	== Notable people ==		== Notable people ==
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	==See also==		==See also==
	*]		* ]
			* ]
			* ]

			{{commons category-inline\|Ferdows}}
	==Notes==

			{{Portal-inline\|Iran}}
			{{clear}}

			== Notes ==
			{{notelist}}

			==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}

	==External links==		==External links==
	*		*

			{{Authority control}}
	{{commons category\|Ferdows}}

	{{South Khorasan Province}}		{{South Khorasan Province\|state=collapsed}}

	{{Ferdows County}}
			{{Ferdows County\|state=collapsed}}

	]
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Latest revision as of 20:30, 10 November 2024

City in South Khorasan province, Iran For the administrative division of South Khorasan province, see Ferdows County. For other places with a similar name, see Ferdows.

City in South Khorasan, Iran

Ferdows Persian: فردوس
City

Ferdows
Coordinates: 34°01′09″N 58°10′23″E / 34.01917°N 58.17306°E / 34.01917; 58.17306
Country	Iran
Province	South Khorasan
County	Ferdows
District	Central
Elevation	1,293 m (4,242 ft)
Population
• Total	28,695
Time zone	UTC+3:30 (IRST)
Routes	Road 91
Website	http://ferdows.ir
Ferdows at GEOnet Names Server

Ferdows (Persian: فردوس) is a city in the Central District of Ferdows County, South Khorasan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. It is about 345 kilometres (214 mi) south of Mashhad and 200 km northwest of Birjand. Ferdows is on the main axis connecting Yazd, Kerman, Isfahan, Bushehr, Hormozgan and Fars provinces to Mashhad. Ferdows city is 1293 meters above sea level.

History

Founded by the Medes, Ferdows is currently a city. It was a large and famous city in ancient days. There is an unproven theory that the town's name in ancient days was "Taban" (or shining; تابان in Persian). In Islamic times it became known as Toon or Tūn, a name retained until 1929, when it was changed to Ferdows.

The first people to inhabit Ferdows were traditionally a group of Sagartians. Toon was a famous and thriving city both before and during the Islamic era, until the raid of the Mongols. It was one of the most prominent cities of Ghohestan, along with Qaen; Nasir Khusraw mentioned Toon as a large city in the 11th century. Toon was plundered and destroyed by the Mongols in 1239. After the Mongol invasion, Toon eventually recovered and became one of the major cities of Ghohestan again. Marco Polo mentioned the south Khorasan region as Toonoqaen, apparently in reference to the two largest cities, Toon and Qaen.

In early 1751 the town was captured by Ahmad Shah Durrani during his invasion of Khorasan under Shahrokh Shah.

Ferdows was still a famous and prosperous city in Khorasan at the beginning of the 20th century and the Municipality of Ferdows, originally formed in 1925 (under the name of Toon), was one of the first Municipalities of Khorasan province. But the city was devastated in a huge earthquake in 1968 and significantly declined thereafter.

After Khorasan province was divided into three provinces, Ferdows County was initially a part of Razavi Khorasan province, but was incorporated within the borders of South Khorasan province in 2006.

Demographics

Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 23,405 in 6,538 households. The following census in 2011 counted 25,968 people in 7,316 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 28,695 people in 8,749 households.

Geography

Location

Ferdows is on the Plateau of Iran, between a desert region (mainly to the south and west) and a mountainous region (especially to the north and east). Most of villages around Ferdows are situated in the mountainous region to the north and northeast. The nearest town, Eslamieh, lies just 3 km northeast. The city lies on the main route from Kerman, Yazd, Bandar Abbas and other southern cities to Mashhad and hosts more than 6 million pilgrims annually on their way to Mashhad. It is also a nexus of several roads converging from different areas of Iran.

Climate

The climate is mild in the spring, hot in the summer, cool and rainy in autumn, and cold in the winter. Being located near deserts, the temperature difference between day and night, and also between summer and winter, is relatively high. The majority of precipitation occurs from mid-autumn to mid-spring. The hottest month is July (mean minimum temperature 21.8 °C, mean maximum temperature 36.6 °C) and the coldest is January (mean minimum temperature -1 °C, mean maximum temperature 10.3 °C)

Climate data for Ferdows, Iran
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	10.3 (50.5)	12.7 (54.9)	17.3 (63.1)	24.7 (76.5)	30.3 (86.5)	35.7 (96.3)	36.6 (97.9)	35.2 (95.4)	32.3 (90.1)	25.8 (78.4)	18.9 (66.0)	12.9 (55.2)	24.4 (75.9)
Daily mean °C (°F)	5.2 (41.4)	7.5 (45.5)	12.1 (53.8)	19.3 (66.7)	24.9 (76.8)	30.3 (86.5)	31.4 (88.5)	29.5 (85.1)	25.8 (78.4)	19.3 (66.7)	12.7 (54.9)	7.3 (45.1)	18.8 (65.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	−1.0 (30.2)	0.7 (33.3)	4.7 (40.5)	10.5 (50.9)	14.9 (58.8)	19.7 (67.5)	21.8 (71.2)	19.2 (66.6)	14.5 (58.1)	9.3 (48.7)	4.3 (39.7)	0.9 (33.6)	10.0 (50.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	26.0 (1.02)	28.0 (1.10)	34.6 (1.36)	18.2 (0.72)	5.1 (0.20)	0.4 (0.02)	0.1 (0.00)	0.4 (0.02)	0.1 (0.00)	2.4 (0.09)	6.5 (0.26)	26.0 (1.02)	147.8 (5.82)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 mm)	7.0	6.9	8.3	5.2	2.5	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.1	1.2	2.6	6.1	40.4
Mean monthly sunshine hours	184	198	223	261	321	358	370	366	322	279	230	185	3,297
Source: Iran Meteorological Organization (IRIMO)

Agriculture

Ferdows is famous for its high quality Saffron and pomegranate.

Main sights

Major visitor attractions of Ferdows are:

Ferdows Hot Mineral Spring: one of the most important attractions of Ferdows for Iranian and International tourists
Ferdows Religious School (belonged to Safavid dynasty)
Ferdows Congregation Mosque (Jame' Mosque of Ferdows) (belonged to Seljuk dynasty)
Ferdows Hole-in-the-Rock, a natural geological formation
Polond Desert, a beautiful desert located 40 kilometers West of Ferdows
Ferdows Museum

Emad Nezam Tourism Complex

It is located in the city of Ferdows, launched by entrepreneur in Iran, Dr. Mohammad Reza Amirhassankhani. He believes in the district of Ferdows with beautiful sightseeing and tourist destinations, investing his money there for many years. The large Complex includes a variety of subsectors:

Emad Nezam Traditional Hotel
Emad Nezam Scientific, cultural and recreational collection affiliated with Mofid educational complex
Emad Nezam Sports Club
Emad Nezam Football Academy
Mofid Educational Complex
Polond Desert Tourism Camp

Education and culture

Education and culture Ferdows currently has several higher education centers:

Islamic Azad University, Ferdows
Ferdows and Qaen Medical Schools
Ferdows Institute of Higher Education
Ferdows Faculty of Engineering

Notable people

Notes

Also romanized as Ferdous; also known as Ferdos and Firdaus; until 1929 Tūn, also romanized as Toon

References

OpenStreetMap contributors (10 November 2024). "Ferdows, Ferdows County" (Map). OpenStreetMap (in Persian). Retrieved 10 November 2024.
^ Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): South Khorasan Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 17 October 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
Ferdows can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3062926" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
Habibi, Hassan (c. 2015) . Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the divisions of Khorasan province, centered in Mashhad. rc.majlis.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Council. Proposal 3223.1.5.53; Approval Letter 3808-907; Notification 84902/T125K. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 6 January 2024 – via Islamic Parliament Research Center.
"Ferdows, Iran - Geographical Names, map, geographic coordinates". www.geographic.org. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
"Ferdows Municipality‌ Website" (in Persian).
"Ferdows Governorship" (in Persian). Archived from the original on 19 March 2008. Retrieved 6 March 2008.
Asia Publishing House New York (1859). Ahmad Shah Durrani (father Of Modern Afghanistan).
"Ferdows Municipality History Website" (in Persian).
Adel, Gholam Ali Haddad (c. 2020) . The law of division of Khorasan province into three provinces. qavanin.ir (Report) (in Persian). Islamic Council. Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 27 December 2023 – via Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Davodi, Parviz (8 October 2016) . Approval letter regarding national divisions regarding Ferdows County of Razavi Khorasan province. rooznamehrasmi.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Cabinet of Ministers. Notification 168635/T34488H. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 10 November 2024 – via Iranian Official Journal.
Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): South Khorasan Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): South Khorasan Province. irandataportal.syr.edu (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022 – via Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University.
فردوس در حوزه گردشگری باید به صورت ویژه دیده شود (in Persian). Archived from the original on 26 July 2011.
"Iran Meteorological Organization (IRIMO), Ferdous Station". Archived from the original on 15 June 2011.
"Iran Meteorological Organization (IRIMO), Ferdous Station". Archived from the original on 15 June 2011.
"Ferdows an Eastern Heaven". Iran Daily. Archived from the original on 7 March 2009. Retrieved 6 April 2009.
"هتل سنتی عمادنظام فردوس". هتل سنتی عمادنظام فردوس.
"Islamic Azad University, Ferdows | Ranking & Review". www.4icu.org. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
"Qaen and Ferdows Medical Schools".
"دانشگاه فني و مهندسي فردوس؛ از تأسيس تا ارتقا". 4 November 2013. Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 7 May 2022.

External links

Toun Under ICHHTO Protection

South Khorasan province, Iran

Capital

Birjand

Counties and cities

Birjand County	Birjand
Boshruyeh County	Boshruyeh Eresk
Darmian County	Asadiyeh Tabas-e Masina
Ferdows County	Ferdows Eslamiyeh
Khusf County	Khusf Mohammadshahr
Nehbandan County	Nehbandan Shusef
Qaen County	Qaen Arianshahr Esfeden Khezri Dasht Beyaz Nimbeluk
Sarayan County	Sarayan Ayask Seh Qaleh
Sarbisheh County	Sarbisheh Mud
Tabas County	Tabas Deyhuk Eshqabad
Zirkuh County	Hajjiabad Zohan

Sights

Populated places

List of cities, towns and villages in South Khorasan Province

Ferdows County