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{{Short description|Sixteenth-century play by Nicholas Udall}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}

{{Infobox play {{Infobox play
| name = Ralph Roister Doister | name = Ralph Roister Doister
⚫ | image = Ralph Roister Doister.png
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption = "Ralph Roister Doister. From a sketch by ] in ]'s '']''." Illustration to ''English Plays'', by ], ], 1891.
| writer = ] | writer = ]
| characters = Ralph Roister Doister; Matthew Merrygreeke; Dobinet Doughty; Harpax; Christian Custance; Madge Mumblecrust; Tibet Talkapace; Annot Alyface; Trupenny; Gawyn Goodluck; Tristram Trustie; Sym Suresby; Scrivener
| chorus =
| characters =
| mute =
| setting = London | setting = London
| premiere = <!-- {{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> | premiere = 1550s
| place = | place = London
| orig_lang = English | orig_lang = English
| series = | genre = ]
| subject =
| genre = Comedy
| web =
}} }}
'''''Ralph Roister Doister''''' is a comic play by ], generally regarded as the first ] to be written in the ].<ref>Angela O'Brien, ''RALPH ROISTER DOISTER: the first regular English comedy'' (2004)</ref> '''''Ralph Roister Doister''''' is a sixteenth-century play by ], which was once regarded as the first ] to be written in the ].<ref>O'Brien (2004). As ] has shown, there is a rich tradition of ] before this play, the earliest of which to survive is the ] ] '']'' (c. 1300); see Wickham (1976, 195–203) and (1981, 173–218).</ref>


The date of its composition is disputed, but the balance of opinion suggests that it was written in about 1552, when Udall was a ] in ], and some theorize the play was intended for public performance by his pupils - who were all male, as were all actors at that period. However, the work was not published until 1567, eleven years after its author's death.<ref></ref> The date of its composition is disputed, but the balance of opinion suggests that it was written in about 1552, when Udall was a ] in ], and some theorise the play was intended for public performance by his pupils—who were all male, as were most actors in that period. The work was not published until 1567, 11 years after its author's death.


==Sources== ==Sources==
Roister Doister seems to have been inspired by the works of ] and ]. The titular character is a variation on the ] archetype, but with the innovation of a parasitic tempter which stems from the morality play tradition.<ref>James Hinton ''The Source of Ralph Roister Doister'' Modern Philology, Vol. 11, No. 2 (Oct., 1913), pp. 273-278</ref> By combining the structures, conventions and styles of the ancient Greek and Roman comedies with English theatre traditions and social archetypes (especially the new and burgeoning English middle classes), Udall was able to establish a new form of specifically English comedy, leading directly through to Shakespeare and beyond.<ref>William Chislett, Jr. ''The Sources of Ralph Roister Doister'' Modern Language Notes, Vol. 29, No. 6 (Jun., 1914), pp. 166-167</ref> In essence, the play blends the stock plot elements and archetypes of the ancient Greek and Roman theatre, with those of medieval chivalric literature, and of the English medieval theatre.<ref>A. W. Plumstead ''Satirical Parody in "Roister Doister": A Reinterpretation'' Studies in Philology, Vol. 60, No. 2, Part 1 (Apr., 1963), pp. 141-154</ref> Roister Doister seems to have been inspired by the works of ] and ]. The title character is a variation on the ] archetype, but with the innovation of a parasitic tempter which stems from the ] tradition.<ref>Hinton (1913).</ref> By combining the structures, conventions, and styles of the ancient Greek and Roman comedies with English theatrical traditions and social types (especially the relatively new and burgeoning English middle classes), Udall was able to establish a new form of English comedy, leading directly through to ] and beyond.<ref>Chislett (1914, 166–167).</ref> The play blends the stock plot-elements and ]s of the ancient Greek and Roman theatre with those of chivalric literature and the English mediaeval theatre.<ref>Plumstead (1963).</ref>


==Plot== ==Plot==
The play is written in five acts. The plot of the play centres on a rich ], Christian Custance, who is betrothed to Gawyn Goodluck, a ]. Ralph Roister Doister is encouraged throughout by a con-man trickster figure (Matthew Merrygreeke) to woo Christian Custance, but his pompous attempts do not succeed. Ralph then tries with his friends and servants (and Merrygreek's behest) to break in and take Christian Custance by force, but they are defeated by her maids and run away. The merchant Gawyn arrives shortly after and the play concludes happily with reconciliation, a prayer and a song. The play is written in five acts. The plot of the play centres on a rich ], Christian Custance, who is betrothed to Gawyn Goodluck, a ]. Ralph Roister Doister is encouraged throughout by a con-man trickster figure (Matthew Merrygreeke) to woo Christian Custance, but his pompous attempts do not succeed. Ralph then tries with his friends and servants (at Merrygreek's behest) to break in and take Christian Custance by force, but they are defeated by her maids and run away. The merchant Gawyn arrives shortly after and the play concludes happily with reconciliation, a prayer and a song.


==Characters==
⚫ ==Performance History==
⚫ *Ralph Roister Doister
A generally accepted theory is that the play was first written for public performance by boys at the London school where Udall was master,<ref>Norland, Howard B. (1995) Drama in Early Tudor Britain 1485-1558, Lincoln & London, University of Nebraska Press</ref> though no recorded historical afterlife for the play in performance exists. Though amateur and student groups have presented readings and edited stagings sporadically throughout the 20th century (specifically a 1953 presentation by Oxford University students at the Edinburgh festival),<Ref>Anthony Hartley, ''Performing Arts'' The Spectator, 1954, 3 September, Page 10 </ref> and three heavily edited adaptations of the play appeared in the 1930's, 1960's and 1980's, respectively,<ref></ref> the play did not have a full professional revival until 2015, when ] directed an uncut production under original performance conditions for the Owle Schreame theatre company, also playing the title character.<ref>Matthew Partridge, Remotegoat, 25th February, 2015.</ref>
*Mathew Merygreeke
*Gawyn Goodluck, affianced to Dame Custance
*Tristram Trustie, his friend
*Dobinet Doughtie, servant to Roister Doister
*Tom Trupenie, servant to Dame Custance
*Sym Suresby, servant to Goodluck
*]
*Harpax, servant to Roister Doister
*Dame Christian Custance, a widow
*Margerie Mumblecrust, her nurse
*Tibet Talkapace, her maid
*Annot Alyface, her maid

⚫ ==Performance history==
Readings and stagings of the play have taken place throughout the 20th century, notably a 1910 production by the ] of ] and a 1953 presentation by ] students at the ]. Three adaptations of the play appeared in the 1930s, 1960s, and 1980s.<ref>{{cite news |title=ROYSTER DOYSTER READY Philo Gives First Performance of Elizabethan Play Tonight— Brief Account of Plot |url=http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/?a=d&d=cs19101117-01.2.7& |access-date=18 March 2021 |work=Columbia Spectator |volume=LIV|issue=43 |date=17 November 1910}}</ref>


==References== ==References==
{{reflist}} {{reflist}}

==Sources==
* Chislett, William, Jr. 1914. "The Sources of ''Ralph Roister Doister''." ''Modern Language Notes'' 29:6 (June): 166–167.
* Hartley, Anthony. 1954. ''The Spectator'' Performing Arts section, 3 September 1954: 10. Web.
* Hinton, James. 1913. "The Source of ''Ralph Roister Doister''." ''Modern Philology'' 11:2 (Oct.): 273–278.
* Norland, Howard B. 1995. ''Drama in Early Tudor Britain, 1485-1558.'' Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
* O'Brien, Angela. 2004. Ralph Roister Doister'': The First Regular English Comedy.''
* Partridge, Matthew. 2015. "Review: ''Ralph Roister Doister''." Remotegoat, 25 February 2015. Web.
* Plumstead, A. W. 1963. "Satirical Parody in ''Roister Doister'': A Reinterpretation." ''Studies in Philology'' 60:2 (April): 141–154.
* ], ed. 1976. ''English Moral Interludes.'' London: Dent. {{ISBN|0-874-71766-3}}.
* Wickham, Glynne. 1981. ''Early English Stages: 1300—1660.'' Vol. 3. London: Routledge. {{ISBN|0-710-00218-1}}.


==External links== ==External links==
* *
*


] ]

Latest revision as of 00:29, 28 July 2024

Sixteenth-century play by Nicholas Udall

Ralph Roister Doister
Written byNicholas Udall
CharactersRalph Roister Doister; Matthew Merrygreeke; Dobinet Doughty; Harpax; Christian Custance; Madge Mumblecrust; Tibet Talkapace; Annot Alyface; Trupenny; Gawyn Goodluck; Tristram Trustie; Sym Suresby; Scrivener
Date premiered1550s
Place premieredLondon
Original languageEnglish
GenreComedy
SettingLondon

Ralph Roister Doister is a sixteenth-century play by Nicholas Udall, which was once regarded as the first comedy to be written in the English language.

The date of its composition is disputed, but the balance of opinion suggests that it was written in about 1552, when Udall was a schoolmaster in London, and some theorise the play was intended for public performance by his pupils—who were all male, as were most actors in that period. The work was not published until 1567, 11 years after its author's death.

Sources

Roister Doister seems to have been inspired by the works of Plautus and Terence. The title character is a variation on the "Braggart Soldier" archetype, but with the innovation of a parasitic tempter which stems from the morality play tradition. By combining the structures, conventions, and styles of the ancient Greek and Roman comedies with English theatrical traditions and social types (especially the relatively new and burgeoning English middle classes), Udall was able to establish a new form of English comedy, leading directly through to Shakespeare and beyond. The play blends the stock plot-elements and stock characters of the ancient Greek and Roman theatre with those of chivalric literature and the English mediaeval theatre.

Plot

The play is written in five acts. The plot of the play centres on a rich widow, Christian Custance, who is betrothed to Gawyn Goodluck, a merchant. Ralph Roister Doister is encouraged throughout by a con-man trickster figure (Matthew Merrygreeke) to woo Christian Custance, but his pompous attempts do not succeed. Ralph then tries with his friends and servants (at Merrygreek's behest) to break in and take Christian Custance by force, but they are defeated by her maids and run away. The merchant Gawyn arrives shortly after and the play concludes happily with reconciliation, a prayer and a song.

Characters

  • Ralph Roister Doister
  • Mathew Merygreeke
  • Gawyn Goodluck, affianced to Dame Custance
  • Tristram Trustie, his friend
  • Dobinet Doughtie, servant to Roister Doister
  • Tom Trupenie, servant to Dame Custance
  • Sym Suresby, servant to Goodluck
  • Scrivener
  • Harpax, servant to Roister Doister
  • Dame Christian Custance, a widow
  • Margerie Mumblecrust, her nurse
  • Tibet Talkapace, her maid
  • Annot Alyface, her maid

Performance history

Readings and stagings of the play have taken place throughout the 20th century, notably a 1910 production by the Philolexian Society of Columbia University and a 1953 presentation by Oxford University students at the Edinburgh Festival. Three adaptations of the play appeared in the 1930s, 1960s, and 1980s.

References

  1. O'Brien (2004). As Glynne Wickham has shown, there is a rich tradition of medieval comic drama before this play, the earliest of which to survive is the secular farce The Interlude of the Student and the Girl (c. 1300); see Wickham (1976, 195–203) and (1981, 173–218).
  2. Hinton (1913).
  3. Chislett (1914, 166–167).
  4. Plumstead (1963).
  5. "ROYSTER DOYSTER READY Philo Gives First Performance of Elizabethan Play Tonight— Brief Account of Plot". Columbia Spectator. Vol. LIV, no. 43. 17 November 1910. Retrieved 18 March 2021.

Sources

  • Chislett, William, Jr. 1914. "The Sources of Ralph Roister Doister." Modern Language Notes 29:6 (June): 166–167.
  • Hartley, Anthony. 1954. The Spectator Performing Arts section, 3 September 1954: 10. Web.
  • Hinton, James. 1913. "The Source of Ralph Roister Doister." Modern Philology 11:2 (Oct.): 273–278.
  • Norland, Howard B. 1995. Drama in Early Tudor Britain, 1485-1558. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
  • O'Brien, Angela. 2004. Ralph Roister Doister: The First Regular English Comedy.
  • Partridge, Matthew. 2015. "Review: Ralph Roister Doister." Remotegoat, 25 February 2015. Web. Review: Ralph Roister Doister ****
  • Plumstead, A. W. 1963. "Satirical Parody in Roister Doister: A Reinterpretation." Studies in Philology 60:2 (April): 141–154.
  • Wickham, Glynne, ed. 1976. English Moral Interludes. London: Dent. ISBN 0-874-71766-3.
  • Wickham, Glynne. 1981. Early English Stages: 1300—1660. Vol. 3. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-710-00218-1.

External links

Categories: