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{{Template for discussion/dated|page=Periodisation of Indian History|link=Misplaced Pages:Templates for discussion/Log/2015 March 7#Template:Periodisation of Indian History|type=sidebar}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible autocollapse" style="float:right;margin:0 auto;text-align:center;valign:middle;"
|-
! colspan=4 class="navbox-title" | ]
{{navbar|Periodisation of Indian History|mini=y}}
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|colspan=4|] (1773–1836), in his '']'' (1817),{{efn|Khanna 2007, p.xvii}} distinguished three phases in the history of India, namely Hindu, Muslim and British civilisations.{{efn|Khanna 2007, p.xvii}}{{efn|Misra 2004, p.194}} This periodisation has been influential, but has also been criticised, for the misconceptions it has given rise to.{{efn|Kulke 2004, p.7}} Another influential periodisation is the division into "ancient, classical, mediaeval and modern periods".{{efn|Flood 1996, p.21}}


{{Rshell| {{R with history}} }}
|- 1
! World History{{efn|Bentley|1996}}
! James Mill's Periodization{{efn|Khanna 2007, p.xvii}}
! ACMM{{efn|Flood 1996, p.21}}{{efn|Stein|2010}}
! Chronology of Indian History{{efn|Smart 2003, p.52-53}}{{efn|Michaels 2004}}{{efn|Muesse 2011}}{{efn|Flood 1996, p.21-22}}

|- 2
| (Bentley) rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;" | Early Complex Societes<br>(3500-2000 BCE)
| (Mill) rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;" | ?
| (ACMM) rowspan="6" style="text-align:center;" | Ancient India
| (Details) rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;" | ]<br>]

|- 3
| Bentley) rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | Ancient Civilisations<br>(2000-500 BCE)
| (Mill) rowspan="7" style="text-align:center;" | Hindu civilisations
| (Details) style="text-align:center;" | Early Vedic Period<br>(c. 1750–1200 BCE)

|- 4
| (Details) style="text-align:center;" | Middle Vedic Period<br>(from 1200 BCE)

|- 5
| (Details) style="text-align:center;" | Late Vedic period<br>(from 850 BCE)

|- 6
| (Bentley) rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | Classical Civilisations<br>(500 BCE-500 CE)
| (Details) style="text-align:center;" | Second urbanisation<br>]{{efn|Thapar|1977}}<br>(c. 600–200 BCE){{efn|Thapar|1977}}

|- 7
| (Details) style="text-align:center;" | Desintegration{{efn|Thapar|1977}} and regional states<br>(c. 200 BCE – 300 CE){{efn|Michaels 2004, p.39}}

|- 8
| (ACMM) rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;" | Classical India
| (Details) style="text-align:center;" | "Golden Age" (])<br>(c. 320–650 CE){{efn|Michaels 2004, p.40}}

|- 9
| (Bentley) rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;" | Post-classical age<br>(500-1000 CE)
| (ACMM) rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | Medieval India
| (Details) style="text-align:center;" | ] and Beginning of Islamic raids<br>(c. 650–1100 CE){{efn|Michaels 2004, p.41}}

|- 10
| (Bentley) rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;" | Transregional nomadic empires<br>(1000-1500 CE)
| (Mill) rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | Muslim civilisations
| (Details) rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;" | ] (north India)<br>(1206–1526 CE)<br>] (south India)<br>(1336–1646 CE)

|- 11
| (Bentley) rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | Modern age<br>(1500-present)
| (ACMM) rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | Modern India
| (Details) rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;" | ]<br>(1526–1707)

|- 12
| (Mill) rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;" | British civilisations
| (Details) rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;" | ]<br>British rule<br>(c. 1750 CE – 1947)

|- 13
| (Mill) rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;" | -
| (Details) rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;" | Independent India

|-
| colspan=4 | {{collapse|1=
'''Notes'''
Different periods are designated as "classical Hinduism":
* Smart calls the period between 1000 BCE and 100 CE "pre-classical". It's the formative period for the Upanishads and Brahmanism (Smart distinguishes "Brahmanism" from the Vedic religion, connecting "Brahmanism" with the Upanishads.{{efn|Smart 2003, p. 52, 83-86}}), Jainism and Buddhism. For Smart, the "classical period" lasts from 100 to 1000 CE, and coincides with the flowering of "classical Hinduism" and the flowering and deterioration of Mahayana-buddhism in India.{{efn|Smart 2003, p.52}}
* For Michaels, the period between 500 BCE and 200 BCE is a time of "Ascetic reformism"{{efn|Michaels 2004, p.36}}, whereas the period between 200 BCE and 1100 CE is the time of "classical Hinduism", since there is "a turning point between the Vedic religion and Hindu religions".{{efn|Michaels 2004, p.38}}
* Muesse discerns a longer period of change, namely between 800 BCE and 200 BCE, which he calls the "Classical Period". According to Muesse, some of the fundamental concepts of Hinduism, namely karma, reincarnation and "personal enlightenment and transformation", which did not exist in the Vedic religion, developed in this time.{{efn|Muesse 2003, p.14}}
;References
{{notelist|3}}
;Sources
* {{Citation | last =Bentley | first =Jerry H. | year =1996 | title =Cross-Cultural Interaction and Periodization in World History | journal =The American Historical Review. Vol. 101, No. 3 (Jun., 1996), pp. 749-770}}
* {{Citation | last =Flood | first =Gavin D. | year =1996 | title =An Introduction to Hinduism | publisher =Cambridge University Press}}
* {{Citation | last =Khanna | first =Meenakshi | year =2007 | title =Cultural History Of Medieval India | publisher =Berghahn Books}}
* {{Citation | last1 =Kulke | first1 =Hermann | last2 =Rothermund | first2 =Dietmar | year =2004 | title =A History of India | publisher =Routledge}}
* {{Citation | last =Michaels | first =Axel | year =2004 | title =Hinduism. Past and present | place =Princeton, New Jersey | publisher =Princeton University Press}}
* {{Citation | last =Misra | first =Amalendu | year =2004 | title =Identity and Religion: Foundations of Anti-Islamism in India | publisher =SAGE}}
* {{Citation | last =Muesse | first =Mark William | year =2003 | title =Great World Religions: Hinduism | url =http://www.docshut.com/rquv/lectures-on-great-world-religions-hinduism.html}}
* {{Citation | last =Muesse | first =Mark W. | year =2011 | title =The Hindu Traditions: A Concise Introduction | publisher =Fortress Press}}
* {{Citation | last =Smart | first =Ninian | year =2003 | title =Godsdiensten van de wereld (The World's religions) | place =Kampen | publisher =Uitgeverij Kok}}
* {{Citation | last =Thapar | first =Romila | year =1977 | title =A History of India. Volume One | publisher =Penguin Books}}
|2=Notes and references for table}}
|-
|}<noinclude></noinclude>

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