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{{about|the CEO of Scorpion Computer Services and executive producer of the ''Scorpion'' TV series|the Massachusetts candidate|Walter A. O'Brien}} {{Short description|Irish businessman, founder of Scorpion Computer Services}}
{{about|Walter O'Brien, the CEO of Scorpion Computer Services and executive producer of the TV series ''Scorpion''|the Massachusetts candidate|Walter A. O'Brien| the fictional Walter O'Brien from the TV show | Walter O'Brien (character)}}
⚫ {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox person {{Infobox person
| name = Walter O’Brien | name = Walter O'Brien
| image = Walter O'Brien & Nicholas Wootton (14789894383).jpg | image = Walter O'Brien San Diego Comic Con 2014.jpg
| alt = | alt =
| caption = Walter O'Brien (left) with ] at the 2014 ] '']'' panel | caption = O'Brien speaking at the 2014 ] on the '']'' panel
| birth_name = | birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1975|02|24}} | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1975|02|24|df=yes}}
| birth_place = ], Ireland | birth_place = ], ], Ireland
| nationality = Irish | nationality = Irish
| alma_mater = {{ubl|]|]}} | alma_mater = {{unbulleted list|]}}
⚫ | occupation = ] of Scorpion Computer Services
| residence = ]
| television = '']'' | known_for = {{unbulleted list|Inspiration of the television series '']''}}
⚫ | occupation = ] of Scorpion Computer Services
| known_for = {{ubl|Founder and ] of Scorpion Computer Services|Inspiration for the television series ''Scorpion''
}} }}
⚫ '''Walter O'Brien''' (born 24 February 1975<ref name="Keegan"/>) is an Irish businessman and ]. He was also the executive producer and loose inspiration for the television series '']''.<ref name="Boyd 2014a">{{cite news|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/culture/media/scorpion-how-an-irish-genius-saved-the-world-1.1890383|title=Scorpion: How an Irish genius saved the world|newspaper=The Irish Times|access-date=8 October 2014|last=Boyd|first=Brian|date=9 August 2014}}</ref><ref name="Bui">{{cite news |url=http://baltimore.cbslocal.com/2014/09/22/real-life-superhero-geniuses-inspire-new-cbs-show-scorpion|title=Real-Life Superhero Geniuses Inspire New CBS Show 'Scorpion'|first=Linh |last=Bui|date=22 September 2014|publisher=]|location=Baltimore, MD|access-date=8 October 2014}}</ref> He is known for claiming various accomplishments, including a childhood IQ of 197, which have been scrutinized and remain unproven.<ref name="Masnick"/><ref name="Boyd 2014b"/><ref name="Karlin 2014b"/>
}}
⚫ '''Walter O'Brien''' (born February 24, 1975<ref name="scorpioncomputerservices.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.scorpioncomputerservices.com/usgov_cert.html|title=US Government - EB1-1 Certificate|publisher=|accessdate=8 October 2014}}</ref>) is an Irish businessman who is the founder and ] of '''Scorpion Computer Services'''. He is also the inspiration for the 2014 CBS television series '']''.<ref name=it1>{{cite news |url=http://www.irishtimes.com/culture/media/scorpion-how-an-irish-genius-saved-the-world-1.1890383|title=Scorpion: How an Irish genius saved the world|work=The Irish Times|accessdate=8 October 2014}}</ref><ref name=cbs>{{cite news |url=http://baltimore.cbslocal.com/2014/09/22/real-life-superhero-geniuses-inspire-new-cbs-show-scorpion/|title=Real-Life Superhero Geniuses Inspire New CBS Show ‘Scorpion’ |author=Linh Bui|date=22 September 2014|publisher=]|location= Baltimore|accessdate=8 October 2014}}</ref><ref name=ic1>{{cite news |url=http://www.irishcentral.com/culture/entertainment/New-CBS-series-about-Irish-genius-with-higher-IQ-than-Albert-Einstein.html|title=New CBS series about Irish genius with higher IQ than Albert Einstein|publisher=IrishCentral|date=11 August 2014|accessdate=8 October 2014}}</ref> The authenticity of his claims{{clarify|date=March 2015}} has been the subject of speculation in the press.


==Early life== ==Early life==
===Childhood and education===
O'Brien was born in 1975 on a farm in ], Ireland.<ref name=nrs>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.ie/regionals/newrossstandard/entertainment/the-scorpion-30518699.html |title=The Scorpion |work=New Ross Standard |first=Niamh |last= Keegan |date=23 August 2014 |accessdate=26 September 2014}}</ref> He is the second child of a family of five.<ref name=nrs/> After receiving his ] from ] in ], O’Brien claims to have scored over 190 on an ] test administered by one of his teachers in primary school, but did not keep the paperwork.<ref name=Karlin>{{cite news |first=Susan|last= Karlin|title= Hackers vs. Scorpion: Walter O’Brien Responds To Scrutiny Of Real-Life Claims Fueling TV’s 'Scorpion'|url= http://www.fastcocreate.com/3036897/hackers-vs-scorpion-walter-obrien-responds-to-scrutiny-of-real-life-claims-fueling-tvs-scorp|publisher=Fast Company|date=15 October 2014|accessdate=29 November 2014}}</ref><ref name=wsj>{{cite news |title=CBS Drama ‘Scorpion’ Takes Stories From Computer Genius’s Life, Work|first=Kathy|last= Schwiff|date=11 September 2014|work=The Wall Street Journal|url=http://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2014/09/11/cbs-drama-scorpion-takes-stories-from-computer-geniuss-life-work/|accessdate=11 November 2014}}</ref><ref name=it2>{{cite news |title=Scorpion: Walter O'Brien on his life off-screen|author=Brian Boyd|date=4 October 2014|work=The Irish Times|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/culture/media/scorpion-walter-o-brien-on-his-life-off-screen-1.1950776?page=1|accessdate=29 November 2014}}</ref> He began teaching himself ] at age 12, when he received his first computer–an ] 464–which was purchased from proceeds from livestock given to him by his father.<ref name=hayes>{{cite news |title=Computer whizz kid breaks new ground|first=Carmel|last= Hayes}}{{full|date=December 2014}}</ref> O’Brien attended the ], where he graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in computer science and ].<ref name=nrs/><ref name=nyp>{{cite news |url=http://nypost.com/2014/09/21/scorpion-set-to-get-high-tech-on-cbs/ |title='Scorpion' set to get high-tech on CBS |work=New York Post |first=Andrea|last= Morabito |date=September 21, 2014 |accessdate=26 September 2014}}</ref><ref name=ic2>{{cite news |title=Wexford-born genius Walter O’Brien chats about the new CBS show on his life|first=Kayla|last= Hertz|work=IrishCentral|date=17 September 2014|url=http://www.irishcentral.com/culture/entertainment/New-CBS-show-to-air-about-Wexford-born-genius-Walter-OBrien.html?showAll=y#|accessdate=29 November 2014}}</ref> O'Brien gained entry as a ] to the United States via an ] visa granted by the United States Embassy in ] in 2001.<ref name=it1/><ref name=ic2/>
Walter O'Brien was born in 1975 at Boro Hill House, situated in Ballymackessy, ], ], ], to his parents Maurice and Anne O'Brien.<ref name="Boyd 2014b"/><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2014-08-19 |title=Wexford Genius To Be Subject Of Major Us Tv Series |url=https://www.southeastradio.ie/wexford-genius-to-be-subject-of-major-us-tv-series/ |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=South East Radio |language=en-US}}</ref> The second of five children, he grew up on a farm.<ref name="Keegan">{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.ie/regionals/newrossstandard/entertainment/the-scorpion-30518699.html|title=The Scorpion|newspaper=]|first=Niamh|last=Keegan|date=23 August 2014|access-date=26 September 2014}}</ref> He attended St. Patrick's National School in Courtnacuddy until his family moved to Rosshaven, when he was 13 years old. There he attended St. Mary's Christian Brothers School, ].<ref name="Keegan"/>


O'Brien has stated he scored a 197<ref name="Keegan"/> on an ] test administered by one of his teachers in primary school<ref name="Boyd 2014b">{{cite news|title=Scorpion: Walter O'Brien on his life off-screen|first=Brian |last=Boyd|date=4 October 2014|newspaper=The Irish Times|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/culture/media/scorpion-walter-o-brien-on-his-life-off-screen-1.1950776?page=1|access-date=29 November 2014}}</ref> but did not keep the paperwork.<ref name="Karlin 2014b">{{cite magazine|first=Susan|last=Karlin|title=Hackers vs. Scorpion: Walter O'Brien Responds To Scrutiny Of Real-Life Claims Fueling TV's 'Scorpion'|url=http://www.fastcocreate.com/3036897/hackers-vs-scorpion-walter-obrien-responds-to-scrutiny-of-real-life-claims-fueling-tvs-scorp|magazine=]|date=15 October 2014|access-date=29 November 2014}}</ref>
O'Brien competed in the Wisconsin International Computer Problem Solving Competition in 1991 and 1992 and led the first Irish team to compete at the 1993 ], which was held in ].<ref name=newross>{{Cite news |title=Walter is leading the Irish team in the Info. Olympics|first=Damien|last= Tiernan|work=New Ross Standard|date=14 October 1993}}</ref>

⚫ '']'' and '']'' said that O'Brien's 197 IQ score from childhood does not mean his intelligence exceeds that of other adults because scoring is scaled based on age.<ref name="Masnick">{{cite web|url=https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20140924/14422128627/another-story-fake-brilliant-inventor-is-scorpion-walter-obrien-real-computer-security-genius.shtml|title=Another Story of a 'Fake' Brilliant Inventor? Is 'Scorpion Walter O'Brien' a Real Computer Security Genius?|author-link=Mike Masnick|first=Mike|last=Masnick|date=25 September 2014|work=]|access-date=9 October 2014}}</ref><ref name="Boyd 2014b"/> Mike Masnick noted that of all the "top IQ" lists available online, each one is different and none contains O'Brien's name.<ref name="Masnick"/> Susan Karlin questioned why, since O'Brien uses his childhood IQ score as part of his self-marketing, he did not retake the test through ] so that it could be confirmed.<ref name="Karlin 2014b"/>

After completing his ] at ] in ], O'Brien attended the ] where he graduated with a ] degree in ] and ].<ref name="Keegan"/><ref name="Boyd 2014b"/>

===Early interest in computers===
According to the '']'', his interest in computers began when his primary school started offering a computer course. O'Brien's father gave him livestock as payment for doing chores on the farm, which he sold in order to purchase an ] personal computer<ref name="Keegan"/> at age nine, around 1984.<ref name="Boyd 2014a"/>

Other sources indicate that his interest began when he was 14 when his parents bought him a computer.<ref name="Hertz">{{Cite news|url=http://www.irishcentral.com/culture/entertainment/New-CBS-show-to-air-about-Wexford-born-genius-Walter-OBrien.html|title=Wexford-born genius Walter O'Brien chats about the new CBS show on his life|last=Hertz|first=Kayla|date=17 September 2014|work=IrishCentral|access-date=14 April 2015}}</ref>

O'Brien has stated that when he was thirteen years old ({{circa|1988}}), he hacked into ] under the pseudonym "Scorpion".<ref name="Januam">{{cite web|url=http://www.telestar.fr/2015/articles/scorpion-m6-l-histoire-vraie-de-walter-o-brien-le-hacker-qui-a-inspire-la-s-85069|title=Scorpion, M6: l'histoire vraie de Walter O'Brien, le hacker qui a inspiré la série|work=Téléstar|first=Thomas |last=Januam|date=5 March 2015|access-date=7 April 2015}}</ref>

In an interview with '']'', an Irish technology news website, O'Brien claimed that the ], through ], appeared at his home following the hack.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.siliconrepublic.com/companies/2015/09/03/interview-with-scorpion-walter-obrien-goes-to-hollywood |first=John |last=Kennedy |title=Interview with Scorpion: Walter O'Brien goes to Hollywood |work=Silicon Republic|date=3 September 2015|access-date=4 September 2015}}</ref> He told the agents he would help ] in exchange for not getting into trouble.<ref name="Bui"/> According to O'Brien, he had an ] document ready in his backpack, but he could not provide more details on the deal that was made due to ].<ref name="Boyd 2014b"/>

French tabloid ''Telestar'' reported that there is no record of the alleged NASA hack.<ref name="Januam"/> ''Techdirt'' pointed out that the ]—which ] showed surrounding O'Brien's family's home in the television show—did not exist at the time of the alleged hack.<ref name="Masnick"/>

O'Brien was a member of the Irish team that participated in the 1993 ] computer coding competition.<ref name="Karlin 2014b"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.compapp.dcu.ie/~cdaly/ioi/ioi_pics.html|title=IOI pictures|work=Charlie Day personal webpage|first=Charlie |last=Day|date=28 November 1994|access-date=23 June 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970715005724/http://www.compapp.dcu.ie/~cdaly/ioi/ioi_pics.html|archive-date=15 July 1997}}</ref> The university from which he graduated shows his team finished the 1993 Olympiad in 90th place out of 250.<ref name="Karlin 2014b"/>


==Career== ==Career==
O'Brien founded Scorpion Computer Services in 1988 and serves as its ].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.irishcentral.com/culture/entertainment/New-CBS-show-to-air-about-Wexford-born-genius-Walter-OBrien.html | title=Wexford-born genius Walter O’Brien chats about the new CBS show on his life | publisher=Irish Central | date=September 17, 2014 | accessdate=February 23, 2015 | author=Kayla Hertz}}</ref><ref name=nyp/><ref name=ic2/><ref name=fastcompany1>{{cite news |title=How the real hacker behind CBS'S "Scorpion made as how to grow his own company, and more hackers|author=Susan Karlin|work=Fast Company|url=http://www.fastcocreate.com/3036367/how-the-real-hacker-behind-cbs-scorpion-made-a-show-to-grow-his-own-company-and-more-hackers|accessdate=29 January 2015}}</ref> He also serves as Chief Scientist at Langford & Carmichael,<ref name=lam>{{cite web|title=Walter O’Brien, Chief Scientist|url=http://www.langford-carmichael.com/management.php|publisher=Langford and Carmichael}}</ref> a strategic business consultancy and veteran run small business.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2011/aug/08/business/la-fi-smallbiz-vet-fraud-20110808|title= O'Brien allegedly founded Scorpion Computer Services at age 13 in 1988.<ref name="Hertz"/> ''The Irish Times'' reported he brought the business with him in the late 1990s, after graduating from university and moving to the United States.<ref name="Boyd 2014a"/> The '']'' wrote that Scorpion Computer Services started as an ] ] service that expanded into security and ],<ref name="Keegan"/> and ''The Irish Times'' also described Scorpion Computer Services as an ] company.<ref name="Boyd 2014a"/> In 2014, O'Brien described his company as a ] for "high IQ individuals".<ref name="Bui"/><ref name="Hertz"/><ref name="Karlin 2014a">{{cite news|title=How the real hacker behind CBS'S "Scorpion made a show to grow his own company, and more hackers|first=Susan |last=Karlin|work=Fast Company|url=http://www.fastcocreate.com/3036367/how-the-real-hacker-behind-cbs-scorpion-made-a-show-to-grow-his-own-company-and-more-hackers|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141003090653/http://www.fastcocreate.com/3036367/how-the-real-hacker-behind-cbs-scorpion-made-a-show-to-grow-his-own-company-and-more-hackers |archive-date=2014-10-03|date=October 1, 2014|access-date=29 January 2015}}</ref>
VA Is Making Veteran-Owned Businesses Further Prove Their Status|date= 8 August 2011|first= Cyndia |last= Zwahlen|work=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=30 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.openfos.com/supply/5643112-LANGFORD-CARMICHAEL-in-STUDIO-CITY-CA/|title= Langford & Carmichael, Inc.|publisher=Openfos|accessdate=30 November 2014}}</ref> He also developed ScenGen (Scenario Generator),<ref name=lam/><ref>{{cite web|title=ScenGen: Scenario Generator, 'Every Move', A Scientific Approach to System Test|url=http://www.langford-carmichael.com/images/ScenGen_Overview.pdf|publisher=Langford and Carmichael|date=2011|quote=ScenGen is a unique software program that can generate all possible scenarios for a given situation at a very high speed}}</ref> which won CONNECT's 2011 "Most Innovative Product of the Year" in the "Aerospace and Security Technologies" category.<ref>{{cite web|title=Connect Announces San Diego’s Most Innovative New Products of 2011|url=http://connect.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/2011-MIP-Winners.pdf|publisher=Connect|date=December 9, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=2011 CONNECT MIP Award Winner, Aerospace and Security Technologies|url=http://www.langford-carmichael.com/recognition.php|publisher=Langford and Carmichael}}</ref> ScenGen is a scenario generator that can generate a number of possible results for any given situation according to user-inputted variables and relationships.<ref name=ic2/> The program is used by organizations in multiple industries, including defense and financial services.<ref name=irishtimes2002>{{cite news |title=High speed software puts firm on fast track |author=Suzanne Lynch |date=27 January 2012
|work=The Irish Times |accessdate=28 December 2014 |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-30578990.html}}</ref>


O'Brien started Scorpion Studios, which advises film and television producers on how to make technology appear real.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://innotechtoday.com/scorpion-studios-talks-tech-realism-in-the-movies/ |title=Scorpion Studios Talks Tech Realism in the Movies |work=Innovation and Technology Today |date=November 1, 2018 |access-date=April 19, 2020}}</ref>
O'Brien is the founder of ConciergeUp, a think tank of geniuses that execute "funded wishes."<ref name=DailyMail>{{cite news |title=Meet the Geeky Wexford farm boy who became the Sherlock Holmes of the computer age |work=Irish Daily Mail |author=Catherine Fegan |date=16 August 2014|url=http://attrition.org/errata/charlatan/walter_obrien/DailyMail-31.jpg}}</ref> According to the Daily Mail, examples of funded wishes include predicting winners of horse races by analyzing the racehorses' DNA and finding out whether the fiancee of a billionaire's son is after the family fortune.<ref name=DailyMail/> O'Brien also serves on the advisory board for LawLoop.com, a ] law firm management platform.<ref name=lawloop>{{cite press release |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=LawLoop.com Expands the Cloud to Offer a Complete Solution for Lawyers|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/bb/newsarchive/aeOm81YWywSI.html|publisher=LawLoop|agency=Business Wire| date=30 January 2012|accessdate=30 November 2014|quote=Expert panel members include Walter O'Brien, one of the world's leading authorities in the application of computer science and artificial intelligence that solve industry challenges. O'Brien also serves on the LawLoop Advisory Board...}}</ref>


===Boston Marathon bombing===
O'Brien has been interviewed by ] Fox 11 about the video forensics techniques employed during the investigation of the ] to digest large amounts of video content.<ref>{{cite news|first=Jeffrey Thomas|last= DeSocio|title=The Tech Behind the Capture of the Boston Bombing Suspects|url=http://www.myfoxla.com/story/22236956/the-tech-behind-the-capture-of-the-boston-bombing-suspects|publisher=KTTV|date=13 May 2013|location=Los Angeles|accessdate=29 November 2014}}</ref>
{{see also|Boston Marathon bombing}}
A month after the bombing at the ], Fox 11 LA-] (Los Angeles) reported that O'Brien's company, Scorpion Computer Services, Inc., developed ] software similar to that used by the ] to catch the bombers.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EFk9Sliuj9E |via=] |title=Walter O'Brien, Scorpion Computer Services on Boston Bombing Video Forensics |work=Fox 11 LA-KTTV 10:00 News |first=Susan |last=Hirasuna |date=June 2013 |access-date=2024-01-01}}</ref> ''Techdirt'' said that this was one of many "bogus" claims about O'Brien by CBS.<ref name="Masnick"/>
Asher Langton, a security intelligence engineer, said O'Brien offered conflicting narratives of his contributions to catching the bombers and that the use of ] in the manner reported was implausible.<ref name="Karlin 2014b"/> O'Brien said he was bound by non-disclosure agreements.<ref name="Karlin 2014b"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://boston.cbslocal.com/2014/10/06/real-life-scorpion-helped-id-boston-marathon-bombing-suspects|title=Real-Life 'Scorpion' Helped ID Boston Marathon Bombing Suspects|publisher=CBS Boston WBZ-TV|first=Kathryn |last=Hauser|date=6 October 2014|access-date=30 April 2015}}</ref>


===CBS show===
O'Brien has spoken at numerous events, including The Founder Institute,<ref name=founder>{{cite web |title=Spring 2011 Los Angeles |publisher=The Founder Institute |accessdate=28 December 2014 |url=http://fi.co/mentors/37#}}</ref> Lido Consulting's Family Office Investment Symposium,<ref name=lido>{{cite web |title=Walter O'Brien |publisher=Lido Consulting |accessdate=28 December 2014 |url=http://www.lidoconsulting.com/investmentsymposium/walter-obrien/}}</ref> the Family Office Association's Global Spring Summit,<ref name=foa>{{cite web |title=2014 FOA Spring Global Summit: Keynote Walter O'Brien |publisher=YouTube |accessdate=28 December 2014 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gnbSfFioH2Y}}</ref> and LawLoop.com's LegalTech 2012 conference.<ref name=lawloop/>
{{Main|Scorpion (TV series)}}
According to O'Brien, in an effort to promote his company Scorpion Computer Services, Inc. and its service Concierge Up, he came up with the idea to create a television show.<ref name="Ramdev"/> O'Brien contacted ] who pitched the idea to CBS.<ref name="Karlin 2014b"/><ref name="Ramdev">{{cite web |url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/en-in/entrepreneurs/the-kid-who-hacked-nasa-servers-at-age-13-now-has-his-own/272242 |last=Ramdev |first=Vinil |date=March 10, 2016 |title=The Kid Who Hacked NASA Servers at Age 13 Now Has His Own Television Show |work=] |access-date=6 July 2016}}</ref> In September 2014, CBS premiered the first season of the drama series, ''Scorpion'', based on O'Brien's alleged life experiences.<ref name="Boyd 2014a"/><ref name="Bui"/> He serves as an ] for the series,<ref name="Bui"/> and regularly contributes to story development.<ref name="Goldberg">{{cite news|title='Scorpion': What Happens When a Certified Genius Crashes the Writers Room?|first=Lesley|last=Goldberg|work=]|date=22 September 2014|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/scorpion-what-happens-a-certified-733544|access-date=29 November 2014}}</ref> For his part in story development, O'Brien consults with series writers on technical aspects of the plot, including how he would solve problems presented in the show's scripts.<ref name="Goldberg"/> The technical aspects of the plot, however, were a reason for a review published on the website of the ] to advise teachers to use the show as an example of incorrect or exaggerated science in 2015.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://old.nsta.org/publications/news/story.aspx?id=60166 | publisher = NTSA News - Blick on Flicks | title = Scorpion Stung by Weak Science |first=Jacob Clark |last=Blickenstaff | access-date = 8 September 2021 | date = 23 April 2015}}</ref> O'Brien also consults with ], the actor who plays the fictional Walter O'Brien. In an interview with ] to promote the second season, Gabel said about O'Brien that "he's out saving the world or talking to, you know, princes of ]. So every now and again, I get the chance to talk to him and he'll call me up. And sometimes we talk about the show. Sometimes we talk about characters."<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.cbsnews.com/news/scorpion-stars-step-up-action-comedy-for-season-2/ |first=Lauren |last=Moraski |date=September 18, 2015 | publisher = CBS News | title = 'Scorpion' season 2 news: Elyes Gabel comments on relationship with real Walter O' Brien| access-date = 26 December 2015}}</ref>


The first season attracted more than 26 million viewers.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://variety.com/2014/tv/ratings/audience-for-cbs-premiere-of-scorpion-tops-26-million-via-35-day-multi-platform-viewing-1201350860|title=Audience For CBS' Premiere of 'Scorpion' Tops 26 Million Via 35-Day Multi-Platform Viewing|first=Rick|last=Kissel|date=November 7, 2014|magazine=Variety Magazine|access-date=14 July 2015}}</ref> CBS ordered a full season of ''Scorpion'' in October 2014 and renewed it for a second season in 2015. The show was renewed again for a third season in 2016, with a fourth seasoned confirmed for 2017.<ref>{{cite news|title=CBS Give Full-Season Orders to All 4 of Its New Drama Series: Scorpion, NCIS: New Orleans and More|first=Sydney|last= Bucksbaum|publisher=]|date=27 October 2014|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/592354/cbs-give-full-season-orders-to-all-4-of-its-new-drama-series-scorpion-ncis-new-orleans-and-more|access-date=29 November 2014}}</ref> In March 2017, CBS renewed Scorpion for season 4.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.indiewire.com/2017/03/survivor-ncis-big-bang-theory-scorpion-renewed-cbs-pickup-fall-2017-1201796233/ | title = 'Survivor,' 'NCIS' Trilogy, 'Scorpion,' More Series Renewed in Massive CBS Pickup for Fall 2017 |work = Indie Wire |first=Michael |last=Schneider |date=March 23, 2017 | access-date = 1 April 2017}}</ref> The show was cancelled after four seasons in May 2018.<ref>{{cite magazine | url = https://variety.com/2018/tv/news/scorpion-canceled-cbs-1202808407/ | title = Scorpion Canceled After Four Seasons |first=Joe |last=Otterson |date=May 12, 2018 |magazine = Variety}}</ref>
===''Scorpion''===
In September 2014, CBS premiered the first season of drama series '']'', which is based on O’Brien’s life experiences.<ref name=it1/><ref name=cbs/><ref name=ic1/> O’Brien serves as an ] for the series, and regularly contributes to story development.<ref name=hollywoodreporter>{{cite news |title='Scorpion': What Happens When a Certified Genius Crashes the Writers Room?|first=Lesley |last= Goldberg|work=]|date=22 September 2014|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/scorpion-what-happens-a-certified-733544|accessdate=29 November 2014}}</ref> In his role in story development, O’Brien consults with series writers on technical aspects of the plot, including how he would solve problems presented in the show’s scripts.<ref name=hollywoodreporter/> His input is based on his personal knowledge and life experiences.<ref name=hollywoodreporter/> O’Brien made a ] in the series’ ].<ref name=comiccon>{{cite web |title=10 Things We Learned from the Scorpion Panel at Comic-Con 2014|publisher=]|date=25 July 2014|url=http://www.cbs.com/shows/scorpion/news/1002864/|accessdate=29 November 2014}}</ref>


==Accuracy of biography==
CBS ordered a full season of Scorpion in October 2014 and it was renewed for a second season.<ref name=eonline>{{cite news |title=CBS Give Full-Season Orders to All 4 of Its New Drama Series: Scorpion, NCIS: New Orleans and More|first=Sydney|last= Bucksbaum|publisher=]|date=27 October 2014|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/592354/cbs-give-full-season-orders-to-all-4-of-its-new-drama-series-scorpion-ncis-new-orleans-and-more|accessdate=29 November 2014}}</ref> The show was nominated for Favorite New TV Drama at the 2014 ] in November of that year.<ref name=peoples>{{cite web |title=People's Choice Awards 2015: Full List of Nominees |date=4 November 2014 |author=Nuzhat Naoreen |work=People's Choice |url=http://blog.peopleschoice.com/2014/11/04/peoples-choice-awards-2015-nominees-full-list/ |accessdate=24 January 2015}}</ref>
In 2014, '']'', '']'', and ] evaluated CBS' claims about O'Brien's accomplishments, widely reported in the media, following questions to ''Fast Company''.<ref name="Karlin 2014b"/> '']'' said that "it is impossible to substantiate some claims."<ref name="Boyd 2014b"/> In a follow-up interview with Susan Karlin of ''Fast Company'', O'Brien answered some of Karlin's questions but said that he was bound by ]s.<ref name="Karlin 2014b"/>


Karlin wrote that some community-edited ] showed O'Brien's company was much smaller than the 2,600 employees and $1.3 billion in revenues stated in Karlin's original article.<ref name="Karlin 2014a"/> For example, in 2014 an anonymous editor on Credibility.com recorded Scorpion Computer Services as having 1 employee with an annual revenue of $66,000.<ref name="Karlin 2014b"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://credibility.com/all-other-professional-scientific-and-technical-services/us-ca-burbank/scorpion-computer-services-inc |date=7 October 2014 |title=Scorpion Computer Services Profile |publisher=Credibility.com |access-date=11 November 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007201327/https://credibility.com/all-other-professional-scientific-and-technical-services/us-ca-burbank/scorpion-computer-services-inc |archive-date=7 October 2014 }}</ref> Karlin points out that community-edited business directories data may be unreliable, and O'Brien stated that most of the company consists of ] who work remotely.<ref name="Karlin 2014b"/>
===Controversy===

⚫ {{controversy section|date=March 2015}}
In a ] interview of Elyes Gabel, the actor who plays the fictional O'Brien in the TV show, the reporter Andrew Fenton says: "But even Elyes Gabel, who plays O'Brien in the show, admits he has some concerns over the veracity of the story. He says that to find the character he had to push those doubts to one side and just accept O'Brien's story as gospel."<ref name="Fenton">{{cite web |url=http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/tv/doubts-over-tv-drama-scorpions-true-story-about-a-13yearold-who-hacked-into-nasa/news-story/0617a61fa9aa8c571c458b5ad7590eb8 |title=Doubts over TV drama Scorpion's 'true story' about a 13-year-old who hacked into NASA |work=] |first=Andrew |last=Fenton |date=5 September 2015 |access-date=20 November 2015}}</ref> "That meant everything that he was saying I believe rather than kind of questioning," he says. "That becomes a very dangerous, treacherous area if you don't really fully commit or believe in what somebody is saying. So once I got rid of that, the balance became: 'How do I make this guy? How do I create vulnerability in a character?"
⚫ In September 2014, ] of '']'' wrote an article challenging the accuracy of O'Brien's biography.<ref name="Techdirt 2014-09-25">{{cite web |url=https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20140924/14422128627/another-story-fake-brilliant-inventor-is-scorpion-walter-obrien-real-computer-security-genius.shtml|title=Another Story of a 'Fake' Brilliant Inventor? Is 'Scorpion Walter O'Brien' a Real Computer Security Genius?|authorlink=Mike Masnick|first= Mike |last= Masnick|date=25 September 2014|work=]|accessdate=9 October 2014}}</ref> '']'' next interviewed O'Brien with the subsequent article stating that "it is impossible to substantiate some claims."<ref name=it2/> In October 2014, Susan Karlin of '']'' wrote an article that addressed some of the skepticism over O’Brien’s biography. During the interview, O'Brien answered some of Karlin's questions, did not respond to others, and declined to answer questions raised by people in the computer security industry stating that he was bound by ]s.<ref name=Karlin/>

Fenton goes on to say:

<blockquote>In reality many of O'Brien's claims don't stack up. He says he didn't keep the paperwork showing he scored 197 on an IQ test in primary school — but even if it were true, scores are scaled with age, meaning a high score as a child doesn't reflect his intelligence as an adult. He hasn't taken an official ]-approved test since. There's also no evidence of the NASA hack and O'Brien can't provide further details claiming he signed a non-disclosure agreement. And of course Homeland Security was formed as a result of the ] and didn't exist when he was 13.<ref name="Fenton"/></blockquote>

==Personal life==
O'Brien has lived in ], California, since 2001 when he was issued an ] to immigrate to the United States. This type of visa is set aside for people with "extraordinary abilities" and/or who can be considered a national asset and goes to thousands of people each year.<ref name="Hertz"/>

In 2015, '']'' reported that O'Brien received a mayoral certificate from the mayor of Kilkenny for his contribution and dedication to the Irish community in Los Angeles.<ref name="Cody">{{cite news|url=http://www.kilkennypeople.ie/news/kilkenny-news/computer-genius-from-kilkenny-briefs-top-us-army-officials-1-6852855|title=Computer Genius from Kilkenny Briefs Top US Army Officials|last=Cody|first=Mary|newspaper=]|access-date=17 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721093622/https://www.kilkennypeople.ie/news/kilkenny-news/computer-genius-from-kilkenny-briefs-top-us-army-officials-1-6852855 |archive-date=2015-07-21}}</ref> O'Brien helped fund the start-up cost of Kilkenny Taxi Watch which ''Kilkenny People'' reported as having ] 45 suicides through July 2015.<ref name="Cody"/><ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/kilkenny-taxi-drivers-lauded-for-saving-45-suicidal-people-349208.html | title = Kilkenny taxi drivers lauded for saving 45 suicidal people| newspaper = Irish Examiner |first=Kelly |last=O'Brien |date=August 20, 2015 | access-date = 25 August 2015}}</ref> By April 2016, Taxi Watch stated on their ] page that the number of lives saved had reached 100.

O'Brien has spoken at numerous events, including speaking at the ] 2016 annual gathering event in ],<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.us.mensa.org/newsroom/press-releases/mensa-comes-to-san-diego-june-29-july-3/ | title = Mensa comes to San Diego, June 29 July 3| publisher = Mensa.org |date=June 17, 2016 | access-date = 24 June 2017}}</ref> and the Houston Innovation Conference and Showcase.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.xconomy.com/texas/2015/10/09/the-real-scorpion-suped-up-wearables-more-at-houston-tech-event/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151010152451/http://www.xconomy.com/texas/2015/10/09/the-real-scorpion-suped-up-wearables-more-at-houston-tech-event/ |archive-date=2015-10-10 |first=Angela |last=Shah |date=October 9, 2016 | title = The Real Scorpion, Suped-up Wearables, & More at Houston Tech Event|publisher = Xconomy |access-date = 12 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.houstonchronicle.com/business/technology/article/Scorpion-inspiration-sees-high-tech-peril-in-6558666.php |title =Q&A: 'Scorpion' inspiration sees high-tech peril in the real world |date=October 8, 2015 |first=Walter |last=O'Brien |newspaper=Houston Chronicle |access-date = 9 October 2015}}</ref>

In 2017, O'Brien was honored with ] Humanitarian Lifetime Achievement award.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://people.com/celebrity/cara-delevingne-accepts-humanitarian-award-for-amber-heard/ |work=People |first=Dave |last=Quinn |date=April 8, 2017 |title=Cara Delevingne Accepts Humanitarian Award for Amber Heard After She Had to Leave Event Due to an 'Emergency' |access-date=27 June 2017}}</ref>


O'Brien claims to have "come up with a definition for a famous Artificial Intelligence dilemma known as the 'frame problem.'"<ref>{{cite web | url=https://scorpioncomputerservices.com/the-wizard.html}}</ref>. The ] was actually defined by John McCarthy and Patrick J. Hayes in 1969.
==References== ==References==
{{reflist|30em}} {{reflist}}


==External links== ==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
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{{Authority control}}


{{Persondata
| NAME = O'Brien, Walter
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American businessman
| DATE OF BIRTH = February 24, 1975
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:OBrien, Walter}} {{DEFAULTSORT:OBrien, Walter}}
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Latest revision as of 04:28, 21 October 2024

Irish businessman, founder of Scorpion Computer Services This article is about Walter O'Brien, the CEO of Scorpion Computer Services and executive producer of the TV series Scorpion. For the Massachusetts candidate, see Walter A. O'Brien. For the fictional Walter O'Brien from the TV show, see Walter O'Brien (character).

Walter O'Brien
O'Brien speaking at the 2014 San Diego Comic-Con on the Scorpion panel
Born (1975-02-24) 24 February 1975 (age 49)
Clonroche, County Wexford, Ireland
NationalityIrish
Alma mater
OccupationCEO of Scorpion Computer Services
Known for
  • Inspiration of the television series Scorpion

Walter O'Brien (born 24 February 1975) is an Irish businessman and information technologist. He was also the executive producer and loose inspiration for the television series Scorpion. He is known for claiming various accomplishments, including a childhood IQ of 197, which have been scrutinized and remain unproven.

Early life

Childhood and education

Walter O'Brien was born in 1975 at Boro Hill House, situated in Ballymackessy, Clonroche, County Wexford, Ireland, to his parents Maurice and Anne O'Brien. The second of five children, he grew up on a farm. He attended St. Patrick's National School in Courtnacuddy until his family moved to Rosshaven, when he was 13 years old. There he attended St. Mary's Christian Brothers School, Enniscorthy.

O'Brien has stated he scored a 197 on an IQ test administered by one of his teachers in primary school but did not keep the paperwork.

Techdirt and The Irish Times said that O'Brien's 197 IQ score from childhood does not mean his intelligence exceeds that of other adults because scoring is scaled based on age. Mike Masnick noted that of all the "top IQ" lists available online, each one is different and none contains O'Brien's name. Susan Karlin questioned why, since O'Brien uses his childhood IQ score as part of his self-marketing, he did not retake the test through Mensa so that it could be confirmed.

After completing his Leaving Certificate at St Kieran's College in Kilkenny, O'Brien attended the University of Sussex where he graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in computer science and artificial intelligence.

Early interest in computers

According to the New Ross Standard, his interest in computers began when his primary school started offering a computer course. O'Brien's father gave him livestock as payment for doing chores on the farm, which he sold in order to purchase an Amstrad personal computer at age nine, around 1984.

Other sources indicate that his interest began when he was 14 when his parents bought him a computer.

O'Brien has stated that when he was thirteen years old (c. 1988), he hacked into NASA under the pseudonym "Scorpion".

In an interview with Silicon Republic, an Irish technology news website, O'Brien claimed that the NSA, through Interpol, appeared at his home following the hack. He told the agents he would help show them vulnerabilities in their network in exchange for not getting into trouble. According to O'Brien, he had an extradition document ready in his backpack, but he could not provide more details on the deal that was made due to non-disclosure agreements.

French tabloid Telestar reported that there is no record of the alleged NASA hack. Techdirt pointed out that the United States Department of Homeland Security—which CBS showed surrounding O'Brien's family's home in the television show—did not exist at the time of the alleged hack.

O'Brien was a member of the Irish team that participated in the 1993 International Olympiad in Informatics computer coding competition. The university from which he graduated shows his team finished the 1993 Olympiad in 90th place out of 250.

Career

O'Brien allegedly founded Scorpion Computer Services at age 13 in 1988. The Irish Times reported he brought the business with him in the late 1990s, after graduating from university and moving to the United States. The New Ross Standard wrote that Scorpion Computer Services started as an IT tutoring service that expanded into security and risk management, and The Irish Times also described Scorpion Computer Services as an artificial intelligence company. In 2014, O'Brien described his company as a think tank for "high IQ individuals".

O'Brien started Scorpion Studios, which advises film and television producers on how to make technology appear real.

Boston Marathon bombing

See also: Boston Marathon bombing

A month after the bombing at the 2013 Boston Marathon, Fox 11 LA-KTTV (Los Angeles) reported that O'Brien's company, Scorpion Computer Services, Inc., developed video-analysis software similar to that used by the FBI to catch the bombers. Techdirt said that this was one of many "bogus" claims about O'Brien by CBS. Asher Langton, a security intelligence engineer, said O'Brien offered conflicting narratives of his contributions to catching the bombers and that the use of facial recognition software in the manner reported was implausible. O'Brien said he was bound by non-disclosure agreements.

CBS show

Main article: Scorpion (TV series)

According to O'Brien, in an effort to promote his company Scorpion Computer Services, Inc. and its service Concierge Up, he came up with the idea to create a television show. O'Brien contacted Scooter Braun who pitched the idea to CBS. In September 2014, CBS premiered the first season of the drama series, Scorpion, based on O'Brien's alleged life experiences. He serves as an executive producer for the series, and regularly contributes to story development. For his part in story development, O'Brien consults with series writers on technical aspects of the plot, including how he would solve problems presented in the show's scripts. The technical aspects of the plot, however, were a reason for a review published on the website of the National Science Teachers Association to advise teachers to use the show as an example of incorrect or exaggerated science in 2015. O'Brien also consults with Elyes Gabel, the actor who plays the fictional Walter O'Brien. In an interview with CBS News to promote the second season, Gabel said about O'Brien that "he's out saving the world or talking to, you know, princes of Liechtenstein. So every now and again, I get the chance to talk to him and he'll call me up. And sometimes we talk about the show. Sometimes we talk about characters."

The first season attracted more than 26 million viewers. CBS ordered a full season of Scorpion in October 2014 and renewed it for a second season in 2015. The show was renewed again for a third season in 2016, with a fourth seasoned confirmed for 2017. In March 2017, CBS renewed Scorpion for season 4. The show was cancelled after four seasons in May 2018.

Accuracy of biography

In 2014, CNET, Techdirt, and Fast Company evaluated CBS' claims about O'Brien's accomplishments, widely reported in the media, following questions to Fast Company. The Irish Times said that "it is impossible to substantiate some claims." In a follow-up interview with Susan Karlin of Fast Company, O'Brien answered some of Karlin's questions but said that he was bound by non-disclosure agreements.

Karlin wrote that some community-edited business directories showed O'Brien's company was much smaller than the 2,600 employees and $1.3 billion in revenues stated in Karlin's original article. For example, in 2014 an anonymous editor on Credibility.com recorded Scorpion Computer Services as having 1 employee with an annual revenue of $66,000. Karlin points out that community-edited business directories data may be unreliable, and O'Brien stated that most of the company consists of independent contractors who work remotely.

In a News.com.au interview of Elyes Gabel, the actor who plays the fictional O'Brien in the TV show, the reporter Andrew Fenton says: "But even Elyes Gabel, who plays O'Brien in the show, admits he has some concerns over the veracity of the story. He says that to find the character he had to push those doubts to one side and just accept O'Brien's story as gospel." "That meant everything that he was saying I believe rather than kind of questioning," he says. "That becomes a very dangerous, treacherous area if you don't really fully commit or believe in what somebody is saying. So once I got rid of that, the balance became: 'How do I make this guy? How do I create vulnerability in a character?"

Fenton goes on to say:

In reality many of O'Brien's claims don't stack up. He says he didn't keep the paperwork showing he scored 197 on an IQ test in primary school — but even if it were true, scores are scaled with age, meaning a high score as a child doesn't reflect his intelligence as an adult. He hasn't taken an official Mensa-approved test since. There's also no evidence of the NASA hack and O'Brien can't provide further details claiming he signed a non-disclosure agreement. And of course Homeland Security was formed as a result of the attack on the Twin Towers and didn't exist when he was 13.

Personal life

O'Brien has lived in Los Angeles, California, since 2001 when he was issued an EB-1 visa to immigrate to the United States. This type of visa is set aside for people with "extraordinary abilities" and/or who can be considered a national asset and goes to thousands of people each year.

In 2015, Kilkenny People reported that O'Brien received a mayoral certificate from the mayor of Kilkenny for his contribution and dedication to the Irish community in Los Angeles. O'Brien helped fund the start-up cost of Kilkenny Taxi Watch which Kilkenny People reported as having prevented 45 suicides through July 2015. By April 2016, Taxi Watch stated on their Facebook page that the number of lives saved had reached 100.

O'Brien has spoken at numerous events, including speaking at the Mensa 2016 annual gathering event in San Diego, and the Houston Innovation Conference and Showcase.

In 2017, O'Brien was honored with unite4:humanity's Humanitarian Lifetime Achievement award.

References

  1. ^ Keegan, Niamh (23 August 2014). "The Scorpion". New Ross Standard. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
  2. ^ Boyd, Brian (9 August 2014). "Scorpion: How an Irish genius saved the world". The Irish Times. Retrieved 8 October 2014.
  3. ^ Bui, Linh (22 September 2014). "Real-Life Superhero Geniuses Inspire New CBS Show 'Scorpion'". Baltimore, MD: WJZ-TV. Retrieved 8 October 2014.
  4. ^ Masnick, Mike (25 September 2014). "Another Story of a 'Fake' Brilliant Inventor? Is 'Scorpion Walter O'Brien' a Real Computer Security Genius?". Techdirt. Retrieved 9 October 2014.
  5. ^ Boyd, Brian (4 October 2014). "Scorpion: Walter O'Brien on his life off-screen". The Irish Times. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
  6. ^ Karlin, Susan (15 October 2014). "Hackers vs. Scorpion: Walter O'Brien Responds To Scrutiny Of Real-Life Claims Fueling TV's 'Scorpion'". Fast Company. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
  7. "Wexford Genius To Be Subject Of Major Us Tv Series". South East Radio. 19 August 2014. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  8. ^ Hertz, Kayla (17 September 2014). "Wexford-born genius Walter O'Brien chats about the new CBS show on his life". IrishCentral. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
  9. ^ Januam, Thomas (5 March 2015). "Scorpion, M6: l'histoire vraie de Walter O'Brien, le hacker qui a inspiré la série". Téléstar. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  10. Kennedy, John (3 September 2015). "Interview with Scorpion: Walter O'Brien goes to Hollywood". Silicon Republic. Retrieved 4 September 2015.
  11. Day, Charlie (28 November 1994). "IOI pictures". Charlie Day personal webpage. Archived from the original on 15 July 1997. Retrieved 23 June 2015.
  12. ^ Karlin, Susan (1 October 2014). "How the real hacker behind CBS'S "Scorpion made a show to grow his own company, and more hackers". Fast Company. Archived from the original on 3 October 2014. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
  13. "Scorpion Studios Talks Tech Realism in the Movies". Innovation and Technology Today. 1 November 2018. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
  14. Hirasuna, Susan (June 2013). "Walter O'Brien, Scorpion Computer Services on Boston Bombing Video Forensics". Fox 11 LA-KTTV 10:00 News. Retrieved 1 January 2024 – via YouTube.
  15. Hauser, Kathryn (6 October 2014). "Real-Life 'Scorpion' Helped ID Boston Marathon Bombing Suspects". CBS Boston WBZ-TV. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
  16. ^ Ramdev, Vinil (10 March 2016). "The Kid Who Hacked NASA Servers at Age 13 Now Has His Own Television Show". Entrepreneur Magazine. Retrieved 6 July 2016.
  17. ^ Goldberg, Lesley (22 September 2014). "'Scorpion': What Happens When a Certified Genius Crashes the Writers Room?". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
  18. Blickenstaff, Jacob Clark (23 April 2015). "Scorpion Stung by Weak Science". NTSA News - Blick on Flicks. Retrieved 8 September 2021.
  19. Moraski, Lauren (18 September 2015). "'Scorpion' season 2 news: Elyes Gabel comments on relationship with real Walter O' Brien". CBS News. Retrieved 26 December 2015.
  20. Kissel, Rick (7 November 2014). "Audience For CBS' Premiere of 'Scorpion' Tops 26 Million Via 35-Day Multi-Platform Viewing". Variety Magazine. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
  21. Bucksbaum, Sydney (27 October 2014). "CBS Give Full-Season Orders to All 4 of Its New Drama Series: Scorpion, NCIS: New Orleans and More". E!. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
  22. Schneider, Michael (23 March 2017). "'Survivor,' 'NCIS' Trilogy, 'Scorpion,' More Series Renewed in Massive CBS Pickup for Fall 2017". Indie Wire. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
  23. Otterson, Joe (12 May 2018). "Scorpion Canceled After Four Seasons". Variety.
  24. "Scorpion Computer Services Profile". Credibility.com. 7 October 2014. Archived from the original on 7 October 2014. Retrieved 11 November 2015.
  25. ^ Fenton, Andrew (5 September 2015). "Doubts over TV drama Scorpion's 'true story' about a 13-year-old who hacked into NASA". News.com.au. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
  26. ^ Cody, Mary. "Computer Genius from Kilkenny Briefs Top US Army Officials". Kilkenny People. Archived from the original on 21 July 2015. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
  27. O'Brien, Kelly (20 August 2015). "Kilkenny taxi drivers lauded for saving 45 suicidal people". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
  28. "Mensa comes to San Diego, June 29 July 3". Mensa.org. 17 June 2016. Retrieved 24 June 2017.
  29. Shah, Angela (9 October 2016). "The Real Scorpion, Suped-up Wearables, & More at Houston Tech Event". Xconomy. Archived from the original on 10 October 2015. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
  30. O'Brien, Walter (8 October 2015). "Q&A: 'Scorpion' inspiration sees high-tech peril in the real world". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  31. Quinn, Dave (8 April 2017). "Cara Delevingne Accepts Humanitarian Award for Amber Heard After She Had to Leave Event Due to an 'Emergency'". People. Retrieved 27 June 2017.

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