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{{Use New Zealand English|date=October 2014}}
'''Balclutha''' is a town in ], it lies towards the end of the ] on the east coast of the ] of ]. It is about halfway between ] and ]. A service town for the fertile farming region around the lower reaches of the Clutha River, it is also the nearest large centre to the ], a scenic region of forest, wildlife, and rugged coastline.
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2014}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name = Balclutha
| native_name = Iwikatea (])
| native_name_lang = mi
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = Balclutha City.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Looking across the Clutha towards the town centre. The distinctive road bridge is visible in the centre of the picture
| image_map = {{Infobox mapframe|zoom=9}}
| coordinates = {{coord|46|14|S|169|45|E|region:NZ-OTA|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = New Zealand
| subdivision_type1 = Region
| subdivision_name1 = ]
| subdivision_type2 = Territorial authority
| subdivision_name2 = ]
| subdivision_type3 = Ward
| subdivision_name3 = Balclutha
| seat_type = Electorates
| seat = {{ubl|]|] (Māori)}}
| leader_title = {{nowrap|Territorial authority}}
| leader_name = ]
| leader_title1 = Regional council
| leader_name1 = ]
| leader_title2 = ]
| leader_name2 = {{NZ officeholder data|Clutha District Mayor|y}}
| leader_title3 = ]
| leader_name3 = {{NZ officeholder data|Taieri MP|y}}
| leader_title4 = ]
| leader_name4 = {{NZ officeholder data|Te Tai Tonga MP|y}}
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Area"/>
| area_total_km2 = 7.55
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_percent =
| area_note =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_footnotes = {{NZ population data 2018||||y}}
| population_total = {{NZ population data 2018|Balclutha|y}}
| population_as_of = {{NZ population data 2018|||y}}
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_note =
| timezone1 = NZST
| utc_offset1 = +12
| timezone1_DST = NZDT
| utc_offset1_DST = +13
| postal_code_type = ]
| postal_code = 9230
| area_code_type =
| area_code = 03
| iso_code =
| website =
| blank_name = Local ]
| blank_info = ]
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}
'''Balclutha''' ({{langx|mi|Iwikatea}}) is a town in ], lying towards the end of the ], on the east coast of the ] of New Zealand. It is about halfway between ] and ] on the ] railway, ] and the ]. Balclutha has a population of {{NZ population data 2018|Balclutha|y}} (as of {{NZ population data 2018|||y}}), and is the largest town in ].


The ] is based in Balclutha.
Known locally as the Big River Town, Balclutha's name - and that of the river on which it stands - reflects the Scottish origin of the town's settlement, and translates as "Town on the Clyde". Balclutha has a population of some 4,500 people, and is the largest town in ].

The major service centre for the fertile farming region around the lower reaches of the Clutha River, it is also the nearest large town to ], a scenic region of native forest, wildlife, and rugged coastline.

==History==

Known locally as "Clutha", Balclutha's name – and that of the river on which it stands – reflects the ] origin of the town's settlement. The name comes from ] '''Baile Chluaidh''' (literally "Clyde Town", a poetic name for ]).

James McNeil from ], ], Scotland, who is regarded as the town's founding father, arrived in 1853, via ] in 1849. His farm was on the site of the present town, where he and the Provincial Government established a ferry service across the Clutha in 1857; as a result the town was initially called Clutha Ferry.

The ] name for the area is '''Iwikatea''', literally "Bleached bones" (a local Māori tribal battle ]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-WaiPort-t1-body-d1-d8.html|title=Port Molyneux : the story of Maori and pakeha in South Otago : a centennial history : commemorating the landing of George Willsher and his companions at Willsher Bay, June 28, 1840 : with a programme for the unveiling of the centennial cairn, erected by the Clutha County Council, June 28, 1940|chapter=Chapter VIII. — Who Were The South Otago Maoris?|first=Fred|last=Waite|page=32}}</ref> left the decomposing bodies of the defeated, their bones whitened in the sun).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/keyword/balclutha|title=Balclutha|publisher=New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage|access-date=29 February 2024}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
Balclutha covers {{Convert|7.55|km2||abbr=on}}<ref name="Area">{{Cite web|title=ArcGIS Web Application|url=https://statsnz.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=6f49867abe464f86ac7526552fe19787| access-date=24 January 2022|website=statsnz.maps.arcgis.com}}</ref> and had an estimated population of {{NZ population data 2018|Balclutha|y}} as of {{NZ population data 2018|||y|y||,}} with a population density of {{Decimals|{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2018|Balclutha|y}}|R}}/7.55|0}} people per km<sup>2</sup>.

{{Historical populations|2006|4,137|2013|3,987|2018|4,110|percentages=pagr|align=left|source=<ref name="Census 2018"/>}}
]
Balclutha had a population of 4,110 at the ], an increase of 123 people (3.1%) since the ], and a decrease of 27 people (−0.7%) since the ]. There were 1,725 households, comprising 2,013 males and 2,100 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.96 males per female, with 678 people (16.5%) aged under 15 years, 741 (18.0%) aged 15 to 29, 1,734 (42.2%) aged 30 to 64, and 960 (23.4%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 86.7% European/], 11.5% ], 3.4% ], 5.0% ], and 1.3% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 12.6, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 52.1% had no religion, 36.3% were ], 0.3% had ], 0.7% were ], 1.1% were ], 0.6% were ] and 1.3% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 339 (9.9%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 1,047 (30.5%) people had no formal qualifications. 354 people (10.3%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 1,710 (49.8%) people were employed full-time, 447 (13.0%) were part-time, and 96 (2.8%) were unemployed.<ref name="Census 2018">{{NZ census 2018|Balclutha South (356500) and Balclutha North (356600)}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+Individual statistical areas
|-
!Name !! Area (km<sup>2</sup>) !! Population !! Density (per km<sup>2</sup>) || Households !! Median age !! Median income
|-
| Balclutha South || style="text-align:right;"|4.52 || style="text-align:right;"|2,523 || style="text-align:right;"|558 || style="text-align:right;"|1,071 || 45.0 years || $28,400<ref>{{NZ census place summary 2018|balclutha-south|Balclutha South}}</ref>
|-
| Balclutha North || style="text-align:right;"|3.07 || style="text-align:right;"|1,587 || style="text-align:right;"|517 || style="text-align:right;"|654 || 47.0 years || $29,800<ref>{{NZ census place summary 2018|balclutha-north|Balclutha North}}</ref>
|-
! New Zealand !! !! !! !! !! 37.4 years !! style="text-align:left;"| $31,800
|}

==Landmarks==
The ] flows through the town. It is the largest river in New Zealand by volume of water, and the country's second longest after the ]. It provides the town with various recreational facilities, including fishing (brown trout), water skiing and power boating. Immediately to the south of the town it splits into two ], the ] and the ], the latter of which skirts the southern edge of the town.

]
The most prominent structure in the town is the ] ] across the Clutha, which was built in 1935. The original 1868 wooden bridge was washed away on ]. Rebuilt in 1881, it was later considered unsuitable for motor vehicles.

The ] crosses the river some 800 metres downstream, near the junction where the Clutha River divides into the southern branch, known as the Kaoru (pied shag), and the northern the Matau (derived from Mata Au, the Maori name for the Clutha).

Most of Balclutha township lies on 'the flat' land which lies within a wide loop in the river to the south of the road bridge, but North Balclutha is on the hill to the north of the bridge and Rosebank on the hill to the south.

There are several natural features in and near Balclutha. Nearby at Benhar / Kaitangata is ], and Matai Falls, a natural waterfall and scenic feature is in ].<ref>Bette Flagler. 2005</ref> The ] comes ashore for breeding in the Balclutha area at the edge of the Catlins, and The Nuggets are located at nearby ].

==Education==
]

===Primary schools===

Balclutha School is a co-educational state primary school for Year 1 to 8 students,<ref name="moe3710">{{cite web |title=Balclutha School Ministry of Education School Profile |url=https://www.educationcounts.govt.nz/find-school/school/profile?school=3710 |website=educationcounts.govt.nz |publisher=]}}</ref> with a roll of {{NZ school roll data|3710|y}} as of {{NZ school roll data|||y|}}.<ref name="ero3710">{{cite web |title=Balclutha School Education Review Office Report |url=http://www.ero.govt.nz/report-view?id=3710 |website=ero.govt.nz |publisher=]}}</ref>

Rosebank School is a co-educational state primary school for Year 1 to 8 students,<ref name="official3812">{{cite web |title=Rosebank School Official School Website |url=http://www.rosebankschool.co.nz |website=rosebankschool.co.nz}}</ref><ref name="moe3812">{{cite web |title=Rosebank School Ministry of Education School Profile |url=https://www.educationcounts.govt.nz/find-school/school/profile?school=3812 |website=educationcounts.govt.nz |publisher=]}}</ref> with a roll of {{NZ school roll data|3812|y}}.<ref name="ero3812">{{cite web |title=Rosebank School Education Review Office Report |url=http://www.ero.govt.nz/report-view?id=3812 |website=ero.govt.nz |publisher=]}}</ref>

St Joseph's School is a co-educational state primary school for Year 1 to 8 students,<ref name="moe3826">{{cite web |title=St Joseph's School Ministry of Education School Profile |url=https://www.educationcounts.govt.nz/find-school/school/profile?school=3826 |website=educationcounts.govt.nz |publisher=]}}</ref> with a roll of {{NZ school roll data|3826|y}}.<ref name="ero3826">{{cite web |title=St Joseph's School Education Review Office Report |url=http://www.ero.govt.nz/report-view?id=3826 |website=ero.govt.nz |publisher=]}}</ref>

Clutha Valley Primary is an educational primary school for year 1 to 8 students.

===Secondary schools===

] is a co-educational state secondary school for Year 9 to 13 students,<ref name="official393">{{cite web |title=South Otago High School Official School Website |url=http://www.sohs.school.nz |website=sohs.school.nz}}</ref><ref name="moe393">{{cite web |title=South Otago High School Ministry of Education School Profile |url=https://www.educationcounts.govt.nz/find-school/school/profile?school=393 |website=educationcounts.govt.nz |publisher=]}}</ref> with a roll of {{NZ school roll data|393|y}}.<ref name="ero393">{{cite web |title=South Otago High School Education Review Office Report |url=http://www.ero.govt.nz/report-view?id=393 |website=ero.govt.nz |publisher=]}}</ref>

===Tertiary education===

There is one tertiary education facility, ], a campus of the ].<ref name="sit">{{cite web |title=Search Results Web result with site links Telford - Southern Institute of Technology |url=https://www.sit.ac.nz/Telford |website=sit.ac.nz |publisher=]}}</ref>

==Climate==

{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y
|collapsed = Y
|location = Balclutha (1991–2020)
|Jan high C = 19.2
|Feb high C = 19.0
|Mar high C = 17.9
|Apr high C = 15.3
|May high C = 12.4
|Jun high C = 9.5
|Jul high C = 9.2
|Aug high C = 11.0
|Sep high C = 13.2
|Oct high C = 14.9
|Nov high C = 16.2
|Dec high C = 18.2
| year high C =
|Jan mean C = 14.2
|Feb mean C = 14.0
|Mar mean C = 12.5
|Apr mean C = 10.2
|May mean C = 7.8
|Jun mean C = 5.3
|Jul mean C = 4.7
|Aug mean C = 6.2
|Sep mean C = 8.2
|Oct mean C = 10.0
|Nov mean C = 11.4
|Dec mean C = 13.2
| year mean C =
|Jan low C = 9.2
|Feb low C = 8.9
|Mar low C = 7.1
|Apr low C = 5.2
|May low C = 3.1
|Jun low C = 1.2
|Jul low C = 0.2
|Aug low C = 1.4
|Sep low C = 3.2
|Oct low C = 5.1
|Nov low C = 6.5
|Dec low C = 8.3
| year low C =
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 69.0
|Feb rain mm = 62.5
|Mar rain mm = 40.3
|Apr rain mm = 59.9
|May rain mm = 74.9
|Jun rain mm = 53.4
|Jul rain mm = 60.7
|Aug rain mm = 32.2
|Sep rain mm = 45.2
|Oct rain mm = 62.1
|Nov rain mm = 52.9
|Dec rain mm = 45.4
|year rain mm =
|Jan sun = 213.9
|Feb sun = 186.3
|Mar sun = 168.3
|Apr sun = 130.3
|May sun = 116.1
|Jun sun = 109.7
|Jul sun = 112.0
|Aug sun = 143.1
|Sep sun = 171.3
|Oct sun = 199.2
|Nov sun = 200.8
|Dec sun = 214.4
|year sun =
|source 1 = NIWA<ref name= NIWA>
{{cite web
|url = http://cliflo.niwa.co.nz
|title = CliFlo – National Climate Database : Balclutha, Telford Ews
|publisher = NIWA
|access-date = 19 May 2024}}</ref>
}}

==Notable people==
<!--Please keep names in alphabetical order by surname-->
* ], politician
* ], politician, educated in Balclutha
* ], poet
* ], politician
* ], ] rugby union player
* ], judoka
* ], rugby union player international sevens player
* ], rugby union player and international sevens player
* ], ] player
* ], international cricketer
* ], rugby union player and international ] player
* ], playwright
* ], Olympic long-distance runner
* ], zoologist
* ], politician
* ], international draughts player
* ], women's international ]er
* ], international ] player
* ], women's international cricketer
* ], virologist
* ], international netball player
* ], rugby union player and ]
* ], band member for ]
* Edward (Ted) Bullmore,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Furphy |first=John |date=2023 |title=Edward Aaron Alexander (Ted) Bullmore New Zealand, 1933-78 |url=https://www.aasd.com.au/artist/419-edward-aaron-alexander-ted-bullmore/ |website=aasd}}</ref> surrealist artist
* ], early Japanese New Zealand mariner

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==Notes==
* Bette Flagler. 2005. ''Adventure guide: New Zealand'', Hunter Publishing, Inc, 800 pages {{ISBN|1-58843-405-2}}
* {{ReedPlacenames2002}}

==External links==
{{commons category-inline|Balclutha}}

{{Clutha District}}
{{clutha}}
{{Authority control}}

]
]
]
]
]

Latest revision as of 00:36, 3 December 2024

Town in Otago, New Zealand
Balclutha Iwikatea (Māori)
Town
Looking across the Clutha towards the town centre. The distinctive road bridge is visible in the centre of the pictureLooking across the Clutha towards the town centre. The distinctive road bridge is visible in the centre of the picture
Coordinates: 46°14′S 169°45′E / 46.233°S 169.750°E / -46.233; 169.750
CountryNew Zealand
RegionOtago
Territorial authorityClutha District
WardBalclutha
Electorates
Government
 • Territorial authorityClutha District Council
 • Regional councilOtago Regional Council
 • Mayor of CluthaBryan Cadogan
 • Taieri MPIngrid Leary
 • Te Tai Tonga MPTākuta Ferris
Area
 • Total7.55 km (2.92 sq mi)
Population
 • Total4,430
 • Density590/km (1,500/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+12 (NZST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+13 (NZDT)
Postcode(s)9230
Area code03
Local iwiNgāi Tahu

Balclutha (Māori: Iwikatea) is a town in South Otago, lying towards the end of the Clutha River, on the east coast of the South Island of New Zealand. It is about halfway between Dunedin and Gore on the Main South Line railway, State Highway 1 and the Southern Scenic Route. Balclutha has a population of 4,430 (as of June 2024), and is the largest town in South Otago.

The Clutha District Council is based in Balclutha.

The major service centre for the fertile farming region around the lower reaches of the Clutha River, it is also the nearest large town to the Catlins, a scenic region of native forest, wildlife, and rugged coastline.

History

Known locally as "Clutha", Balclutha's name – and that of the river on which it stands – reflects the Scottish origin of the town's settlement. The name comes from Scottish Gaelic Baile Chluaidh (literally "Clyde Town", a poetic name for Dumbarton).

James McNeil from Bonhill, Dumbartonshire, Scotland, who is regarded as the town's founding father, arrived in 1853, via Port Chalmers in 1849. His farm was on the site of the present town, where he and the Provincial Government established a ferry service across the Clutha in 1857; as a result the town was initially called Clutha Ferry.

The Māori name for the area is Iwikatea, literally "Bleached bones" (a local Māori tribal battle in 1750 left the decomposing bodies of the defeated, their bones whitened in the sun).

Demographics

Balclutha covers 7.55 km (2.92 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 4,430 as of June 2024, with a population density of 587 people per km.

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
20064,137—    
20133,987−0.53%
20184,110+0.61%
Source:
John Street

Balclutha had a population of 4,110 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 123 people (3.1%) since the 2013 census, and a decrease of 27 people (−0.7%) since the 2006 census. There were 1,725 households, comprising 2,013 males and 2,100 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.96 males per female, with 678 people (16.5%) aged under 15 years, 741 (18.0%) aged 15 to 29, 1,734 (42.2%) aged 30 to 64, and 960 (23.4%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 86.7% European/Pākehā, 11.5% Māori, 3.4% Pasifika, 5.0% Asian, and 1.3% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 12.6, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 52.1% had no religion, 36.3% were Christian, 0.3% had Māori religious beliefs, 0.7% were Hindu, 1.1% were Muslim, 0.6% were Buddhist and 1.3% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 339 (9.9%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 1,047 (30.5%) people had no formal qualifications. 354 people (10.3%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 1,710 (49.8%) people were employed full-time, 447 (13.0%) were part-time, and 96 (2.8%) were unemployed.

Individual statistical areas
Name Area (km) Population Density (per km) Households Median age Median income
Balclutha South 4.52 2,523 558 1,071 45.0 years $28,400
Balclutha North 3.07 1,587 517 654 47.0 years $29,800
New Zealand 37.4 years $31,800

Landmarks

The Clutha River flows through the town. It is the largest river in New Zealand by volume of water, and the country's second longest after the Waikato. It provides the town with various recreational facilities, including fishing (brown trout), water skiing and power boating. Immediately to the south of the town it splits into two distributaries, the Matau and the Koau, the latter of which skirts the southern edge of the town.

Balclutha Road Bridge

The most prominent structure in the town is the concrete Balclutha Road Bridge across the Clutha, which was built in 1935. The original 1868 wooden bridge was washed away on 14 October 1878. Rebuilt in 1881, it was later considered unsuitable for motor vehicles.

The South Island Main Trunk Railway crosses the river some 800 metres downstream, near the junction where the Clutha River divides into the southern branch, known as the Kaoru (pied shag), and the northern the Matau (derived from Mata Au, the Maori name for the Clutha).

Most of Balclutha township lies on 'the flat' land which lies within a wide loop in the river to the south of the road bridge, but North Balclutha is on the hill to the north of the bridge and Rosebank on the hill to the south.

There are several natural features in and near Balclutha. Nearby at Benhar / Kaitangata is Lake Tuakitoto, and Matai Falls, a natural waterfall and scenic feature is in the Catlins. The yellow-eyed penguin comes ashore for breeding in the Balclutha area at the edge of the Catlins, and The Nuggets are located at nearby Kaka Point.

Education

South Otago High School entrance

Primary schools

Balclutha School is a co-educational state primary school for Year 1 to 8 students, with a roll of 231 as of November 2024.

Rosebank School is a co-educational state primary school for Year 1 to 8 students, with a roll of 232.

St Joseph's School is a co-educational state primary school for Year 1 to 8 students, with a roll of 68.

Clutha Valley Primary is an educational primary school for year 1 to 8 students.

Secondary schools

South Otago High School is a co-educational state secondary school for Year 9 to 13 students, with a roll of 515.

Tertiary education

There is one tertiary education facility, Telford, a campus of the Southern Institute of Technology.

Climate

Climate data for Balclutha (1991–2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 19.2
(66.6) 		19.0
(66.2) 		17.9
(64.2) 		15.3
(59.5) 		12.4
(54.3) 		9.5
(49.1) 		9.2
(48.6) 		11.0
(51.8) 		13.2
(55.8) 		14.9
(58.8) 		16.2
(61.2) 		18.2
(64.8) 		14.7
(58.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) 14.2
(57.6) 		14.0
(57.2) 		12.5
(54.5) 		10.2
(50.4) 		7.8
(46.0) 		5.3
(41.5) 		4.7
(40.5) 		6.2
(43.2) 		8.2
(46.8) 		10.0
(50.0) 		11.4
(52.5) 		13.2
(55.8) 		9.8
(49.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 9.2
(48.6) 		8.9
(48.0) 		7.1
(44.8) 		5.2
(41.4) 		3.1
(37.6) 		1.2
(34.2) 		0.2
(32.4) 		1.4
(34.5) 		3.2
(37.8) 		5.1
(41.2) 		6.5
(43.7) 		8.3
(46.9) 		5.0
(40.9)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 69.0
(2.72) 		62.5
(2.46) 		40.3
(1.59) 		59.9
(2.36) 		74.9
(2.95) 		53.4
(2.10) 		60.7
(2.39) 		32.2
(1.27) 		45.2
(1.78) 		62.1
(2.44) 		52.9
(2.08) 		45.4
(1.79) 		658.5
(25.93)
Mean monthly sunshine hours 213.9 186.3 168.3 130.3 116.1 109.7 112.0 143.1 171.3 199.2 200.8 214.4 1,965.4
Source: NIWA

Notable people

References

  1. ^ "ArcGIS Web Application". statsnz.maps.arcgis.com. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  2. ^ "Aotearoa Data Explorer". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
  3. Waite, Fred. "Chapter VIII. — Who Were The South Otago Maoris?". Port Molyneux : the story of Maori and pakeha in South Otago : a centennial history : commemorating the landing of George Willsher and his companions at Willsher Bay, June 28, 1840 : with a programme for the unveiling of the centennial cairn, erected by the Clutha County Council, June 28, 1940. p. 32.
  4. "Balclutha". New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  5. ^ "Statistical area 1 dataset for 2018 Census". Statistics New Zealand. March 2020. Balclutha South (356500) and Balclutha North (356600).
  6. 2018 Census place summary: Balclutha South
  7. 2018 Census place summary: Balclutha North
  8. Bette Flagler. 2005
  9. "Balclutha School Ministry of Education School Profile". educationcounts.govt.nz. Ministry of Education.
  10. "Balclutha School Education Review Office Report". ero.govt.nz. Education Review Office.
  11. "Rosebank School Official School Website". rosebankschool.co.nz.
  12. "Rosebank School Ministry of Education School Profile". educationcounts.govt.nz. Ministry of Education.
  13. "Rosebank School Education Review Office Report". ero.govt.nz. Education Review Office.
  14. "St Joseph's School Ministry of Education School Profile". educationcounts.govt.nz. Ministry of Education.
  15. "St Joseph's School Education Review Office Report". ero.govt.nz. Education Review Office.
  16. "South Otago High School Official School Website". sohs.school.nz.
  17. "South Otago High School Ministry of Education School Profile". educationcounts.govt.nz. Ministry of Education.
  18. "South Otago High School Education Review Office Report". ero.govt.nz. Education Review Office.
  19. "Search Results Web result with site links Telford - Southern Institute of Technology". sit.ac.nz. Southern Institute of Technology.
  20. "CliFlo – National Climate Database : Balclutha, Telford Ews". NIWA. Retrieved 19 May 2024.
  21. Furphy, John (2023). "Edward Aaron Alexander (Ted) Bullmore New Zealand, 1933-78". aasd.

Notes

  • Bette Flagler. 2005. Adventure guide: New Zealand, Hunter Publishing, Inc, 800 pages ISBN 1-58843-405-2
  • Reed, A.W. (2002) The Reed dictionary of New Zealand place names. Auckland: Reed Books. ISBN 0-790-00761-4.

External links

Media related to Balclutha at Wikimedia Commons

Clutha District, New Zealand
Seat: Balclutha
Populated places
Balclutha Ward
Bruce Ward
Catlins Ward
Clinton Ward
Clutha Valley Ward
Kaitangata-Matau Ward
Lawrence-Tuapeka Ward
West Otago Ward
Geographic features
Facilities and attractions
Government
Organisations
History
Clutha River (Mata-Au)
Source: Southern Alps—Flows into: Pacific Ocean
Administrative areas
Towns and settlements (upstream to downstream)
Major tributaries (upstream to downstream by confluence)
Lakes in catchment (upstream to downstream by location or tributary)
Islands in catchment (upstream to downstream by location or tributary)
Other features (upstream to downstream)
Longest New Zealand rivers
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