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{{Short description|Assyrian king}}
'''Puzur Ashur I''' was an ] king who ruled around 2000 BC.
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Puzur-Ashur I
| title = ]
| reign = {{circa}} 2025 BC – unknown
| birth_date = 21st century BCE
| birth_place = ] (Modern-day ])
| death_date = 1970 BCE
| death_place = ] (Modern-day ])
| burial_place = ]
| predecessor = ] (?)
| successor = ]
| occupation = ]
}}


'''Puzur-Ashur I''' ({{langx|akk|{{cuneiform|𒁍𒀫𒀸𒋩}}|Pu-AMAR-Aš-ŠUR}}) was an ] king in the 21st and 20th centuries BC. He is generally regarded as the founder of Assyria as an independent city-state, {{Circa}} 2025 BC.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Aubet|first=Maria Eugenia|author-link=María Eugenia Aubet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Li66Bd4QZD4C|title=Commerce and Colonization in the Ancient Near East|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2013|isbn=978-0521514170|location=Cambridge|pages=276}}</ref>
⚫ He is known only from his place in the ] and from references in the inscriptions of later kings (his son and successor ] and the much later ] and ]).<ref name=grayson>{{cite book | title = Assyrian Royal Inscriptions, Volume 1 | author = Albert Kirk Grayson | publisher = Otto Harrassowitz | year = 1972 | pages = 6, 8, 12, 15 }}</ref> These later kings mentioned him among the kings who had renewed the city walls begun by ].<ref name=CAH>Hildegard Levy, "Assyria c. 2600-1816 B.C.", ''Cambridge Ancient History. Volume 1, Part 2: Early History of the Middle East'', 729-770, p. 746-747.</ref>


⚫ He is in the ] and is referenced in the inscriptions of later kings (his son and successor ] and the later ] and ].)<ref name=grayson>{{cite book | title = Assyrian Royal Inscriptions, Volume 1 | author = Albert Kirk Grayson | publisher = Otto Harrassowitz | year = 1972 }}</ref>{{rp|6,8,12,15}} These later kings mentioned him among the kings who had renewed the city walls of ] begun by ].<ref name=CAH>], "Assyria c. 2600-1816 B.C.", ''Cambridge Ancient History. Volume 1, Part 2: Early History of the Middle East'', 729-770, p. 746-747.</ref>
Puzur Ashur may have started a native Assyrian dynasty that endured for eight generations until ] was overthrown by the ] ]. His clearly Assyrian name (meaning "servant of ]") distinguishes him from his three immediate predecessors on the Assyrian Kinglist, who bore non-Semitic names,<ref>] interpreted these names as ] (BA VI, 5, S. 13) but Ungnad's thesis can no longer be sustained nowadays{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} and was rejected as unconvincing by Arno Poebel ("The Assyrian King List from Khorsabad", ''Journal of Near Eastern Studies'' 1/3, 1942, 253) as early as 1942.</ref> and from the earlier, ]-named "Kings who are ancestors", often interpreted as a list of Shamshi-Adad's ancestors.<ref name="Reallexikon">{{cite book|last=Meissner|first=Bruno |title=Reallexikon der Assyriologie |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |location=Berlin |year=1990 |volume=6 |pages=101–102 |isbn=3110100517 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=OIeiZaIo91IC&printsec=frontcover&cad=0#PPA101,M1}} Hildegard Levy, writing in the '']'', rejects this interpretation and sees Puzzur-Ashur as part of a longer dynasty started by one of his predecessors, ].<ref name=CAH/> Inscriptions link Puzur Ashur to his immediate successors,<ref name=grayson>{{ cite book | title = Assyrian Royal Inscriptions, Volume 1 | author = Albert Kirk Grayson | publisher = Otto Harrassowitz | year = 1972 | pages = 7–8 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title = Assyrian Rulers. Volume 1: 1114 – 859 BC | author = Albert Kirk Grayson | publisher = | year = 2002 | pages = 14 }}</ref> who, according to the Kinglist, are related to the following kings down to ].


Puzur-Ashur I may have started a native Assyrian dynasty that endured for eight generations until ] was overthrown by the Amorite ].{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} ], writing in the '']'', rejects this interpretation and sees Puzur-Aššur I as part of a longer dynasty started by one of his predecessors, ].<ref name=CAH/> Inscriptions link Puzur-Aššur I to his immediate successors,<ref name=grayson />{{rp|7–8}}<ref>{{cite book | title = Assyrian Rulers. Volume 1: 1114 – 859 BC | author = Albert Kirk Grayson | year = 2002 | pages = 14 }}</ref> who, according to the Assyrian King List, are related to the following kings down to Erišum II.<ref name=grayson />{{rp|14}}
The Assyrian Kinglist omits ], who is known from inscriptions to have been governor ('']'') of Assur for the ] under ]; this Zariqum (whose name is Semitic) is sometimes placed by scholars immediately before Puzur-Asshur, and following ].{{citation needed|date=May 2015}}


Puzur-ashur's successors bore the title ''išši’ak aššur'', vice regent of ], as well as ''ensi''.<ref>{{ cite book | title = Analysis of variants in the Assyrian royal titulary from the origins to Tiglath-Pileser III | author = Barbara Cifola | publisher = Istituto universitario orientale | year = 1995 | page = 8 }}</ref> Puzur-Ashur I's successors bore the title Išši’ak Aššur, vice regent of Assur, as well as ''ensí''.<ref>{{ cite book | title = Analysis of variants in the Assyrian royal titulary from the origins to Tiglath-Pileser III | author = Barbara Cifola | publisher = Istituto universitario orientale | year = 1995 | page = 8 }}</ref>

==See also==

{{Portal|Asia}}

* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]


==References== ==References==

{{Reflist}} {{Reflist}}


{{S-start}} {{S-start}}

{{Succession box|title=]|before=]|after=]|years= c. 2025 BC/<br>c. 1950 BC}}
{{Succession box
| title = '']''
| before = ] (?)
| after = ]
| years = 2025–? BC
}}

{{S-end}} {{S-end}}


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{{DEFAULTSORT:Puzur-Ashur I}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Puzur-Ashur I}}
] ]
] ]

]
{{ANE-bio-stub}}

Latest revision as of 22:57, 30 October 2024

Assyrian king
Puzur-Ashur I
Išši’ak Aššur
Reignc. 2025 BC – unknown
PredecessorAkiya (?)
SuccessorShalim-ahum
Born21st century BCE
Assyria (Modern-day Iraq)
Died1970 BCE
Assyria (Modern-day Iraq)
BurialAssur
Occupationsovereign

Puzur-Ashur I (Akkadian: 𒁍𒀫𒀸𒋩, romanized: Pu-AMAR-Aš-ŠUR) was an Assyrian king in the 21st and 20th centuries BC. He is generally regarded as the founder of Assyria as an independent city-state, c. 2025 BC.

He is in the Assyrian King List and is referenced in the inscriptions of later kings (his son and successor Shalim-ahum and the later Ashur-rim-nisheshu and Shalmaneser III.) These later kings mentioned him among the kings who had renewed the city walls of Assur begun by Kikkia.

Puzur-Ashur I may have started a native Assyrian dynasty that endured for eight generations until Erishum II was overthrown by the Amorite Shamshi-Adad I. Hildegard Lewy, writing in the Cambridge Ancient History, rejects this interpretation and sees Puzur-Aššur I as part of a longer dynasty started by one of his predecessors, Sulili. Inscriptions link Puzur-Aššur I to his immediate successors, who, according to the Assyrian King List, are related to the following kings down to Erišum II.

Puzur-Ashur I's successors bore the title Išši’ak Aššur, vice regent of Assur, as well as ensí.

See also

References

  1. Aubet, Maria Eugenia (2013). Commerce and Colonization in the Ancient Near East. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 276. ISBN 978-0521514170.
  2. ^ Albert Kirk Grayson (1972). Assyrian Royal Inscriptions, Volume 1. Otto Harrassowitz.
  3. ^ Hildegard Lewy, "Assyria c. 2600-1816 B.C.", Cambridge Ancient History. Volume 1, Part 2: Early History of the Middle East, 729-770, p. 746-747.
  4. Albert Kirk Grayson (2002). Assyrian Rulers. Volume 1: 1114 – 859 BC. p. 14.
  5. Barbara Cifola (1995). Analysis of variants in the Assyrian royal titulary from the origins to Tiglath-Pileser III. Istituto universitario orientale. p. 8.
Preceded byAkiya (?) Išši’ak Aššur
2025–? BC 		Succeeded byShalim-ahum
Kings of Assyria
Old Assyrian period
(c. 2025–1364 BC)
Middle Assyrian Empire
(c. 1363–912 BC)
Neo-Assyrian Empire
(911–609 BC)
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