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{{unreferenced|date=May 2024}}
{{Short description|1552 siege}}
{{For|other sieges there|Siege of Temesvár (disambiguation){{!}}Siege of Temesvár}} {{For|other sieges there|Siege of Temesvár (disambiguation){{!}}Siege of Temesvár}}
{{Infobox military conflict {{Infobox military conflict
|conflict=Siege of Temesvár | conflict = Siege of Temesvár
| partof = the ]
|partof=the ] and ]
| image = Siege of Temesvár, 1552.jpg
|image=
| caption = The siege in an Ottoman miniature
|caption=
|date=1552 | date = 24 June – 27 July 1552
|place=], ] <br> (today ''Timișoara'', ]) | place = ], ] <br> (today ''Timișoara'', ])
|result=Decisive Ottoman victory | result = Ottoman victory
|combatant1=] ] | combatant1 = ] ]
|combatant2=] Hungarian, Czech, German and Spanish defenders | combatant2 = ] Hungarian, Czech, German and Spanish defenders
|commander1=] Ahmed Pasha<br />] Sokollu Mustafa ] of ] | commander1 = ] Ahmed Pasha<br />] Sokollu Mustafa ] of ]
|commander2=] ] {{KIA}} | commander2 = ] ]{{executed}}
|strength1= 30 000 | strength1 = 30,000
|strength2= 1200 Hungarian, 300 Czech, 250 Spanish, 150 German soldier. | strength2 = 1,900
|casualties1=unknown | casualties1 = Unknown
|casualties2=all of the defenders were killed | casualties2 = Heavy
}} }}
{{Campaignbox Ottoman-Habsburg Wars}} {{Campaignbox Ottoman-Habsburg Wars}}
{{Campaignbox Little War in Hungary}}

The '''siege of Temesvár''' was a military conflict between the Habsburg Monarchy and the Ottoman Empire in 1552. The siege resulted with a decisive Ottoman victory and Temesvár came under Ottoman control for 164 years. The '''siege of Temesvár''' was a military conflict between the ] and the ] in 1552. The siege resulted with a decisive Ottoman victory and Temesvár came under Ottoman control for 164 years.


== Background == == Background ==
After the ] in 1526, the Hungarian Kingdom was fallen apart for two parts. The western side of the country came under the control of ], from the ], the eastern side came under the control of ], a Hungarian noble. Zápolya asked the help of ] Ottoman emperor against Ferdinand. After the death of John in 1540, he was succeeded by his one-month-old son, ]. Ferdinand in 1541 tried to capture ], the capital, but he was defeated by Suleiman's army. The Ottoman emperor after the victory occupied Buda and sent the young Hungarian king with his court to ] (today ''Lipova'', Romania), in 1542 they moved to ] (today ''Alba Iulia'', Romania), which later became the capital of the ]. After the ] in 1526, the Hungarian Kingdom split into two parts. The western part of the country came under the control of ] from the ], the eastern side came under the control of ], a Hungarian noble. Zápolya asked the help of ] Ottoman emperor against Ferdinand. After the death of John in 1540, he was succeeded by his one-month-old son, ]. Ferdinand in 1541 tried to capture ], the capital, but he was defeated by Suleiman's army. The Ottoman emperor occupied Buda after the victory and sent the young Hungarian king with his court to ] (today ''Lipova'', Romania); in 1542 they moved to ] (today ''Alba Iulia'', Romania), which later became the capital of the ].


Even after this event, Ferdinand didn't give up his dream about the unification of the Hungarian Kingdom under his rule. With ]'s help, the eastern part of the country in 1550 came under Habsburg rule, which caused the attack of the Ottoman army against Hungary. Even after this event, Ferdinand didn't give up his dream about the unification of the Hungarian Kingdom under his rule. With ]'s help, the eastern part of the country in 1550 came under Habsburg rule, which caused the attack of the Ottoman army against Hungary.


In 1552 two Ottoman army crossed the border with the Hungarian Kingdom. One of them – led by Hadim Ali pasha – started a campaign against the western and central part of the country, the second army – led by Kara Ahmed pasha – attacked the fortresses in the ] region. In 1552 two Ottoman armies crossed the border into the Hungarian Kingdom. One of them – led by ] – started a campaign against the western and central part of the country whilst the second army – led by ] – attacked the fortresses in the ] region.


== The siege == == Siege ==
In the summer of 1552, the Ottomans arrived to Temesvár, which was the most important city in the Banat region. The Ottoman army numbered about 30,000 men, Temesvár was defended only by 1,900 men; 700 of them were merchants. In the summer of 1552, the Ottomans arrived at ], which was the most important city in the Banat region. The Ottoman army numbered about 30,000 men, Temesvár was defended only by 1,900 men, 700 of whom were merchants.


The Ottoman artillery started destroying the wall at 27 June, then the Ottoman infantry assaulted the wall at 3 July and 6 July, without any success. At the time of the battle, a Hungarian army, led by Mihály Tóth tried to liberate the city under the siege, but his army was defeated in the battle of Szentandrás (today ], Romania). The Ottoman artillery started destroying the wall on 27 June, then the Ottoman infantry assaulted the wall on 3 July and 6 July, without any success. At the time of the battle, a Hungarian army led by Mihály Tóth tried to liberate the city under the siege, but his army was defeated in the battle of Szentandrás (today ], Romania). The city fell soon after.

After an assault at 24 July, which was repelled by the defenders, but caused heavy casualties, Losonci – under the pressure of his merchants – started a negotiation with the Ottomans. When the Ottoman commanders promised to leave the city to the defenders they put down their arms. However the Ottomans broke the armistice and massacred all of the defenders when they tried to leave the city. The wounded Losonci was beheaded by Ahmed pasha and his head was sent to Suleiman, as a "gift".


== Aftermath == == Aftermath ==
After the capture of Temesvár, the sultan established the ] which was composed of four ]s. Temesvár remained under Ottoman control even after the ] and was recaptured by the Christian forces only in 1717. After the capture of Temesvár, the sultan established the ] which was composed of four ]s. Temesvár remained under Ottoman control even after the ] and was recaptured by the Christian forces only in 1717.


== Sources == ==References==
{{Reflist}}
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Latest revision as of 19:36, 13 October 2024

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1552 siege For other sieges there, see Siege of Temesvár.
Siege of Temesvár
Part of the Ottoman–Habsburg War (1551–1562)

The siege in an Ottoman miniature
Date24 June – 27 July 1552
LocationTemesvár, Kingdom of Hungary
(today Timișoara, Romania)
Result Ottoman victory
Belligerents
Ottoman Empire Hungarian, Czech, German and Spanish defenders
Commanders and leaders
Ahmed Pasha
Sokollu Mustafa beylerbey of Rumelia		 István Losonci Executed
Strength
30,000 1,900
Casualties and losses
Unknown Heavy
Ottoman–Habsburg wars
Hungary and the Balkans

Mediterranean

Ottoman–Habsburg wars
in Hungary (1526–1568)
Hungarian civil war (1526–38)

Habsburg–Ottoman war of 1529–1533

Habsburg–Ottoman war of 1534–1537

Habsburg–Ottoman war of 1540–1547

Habsburg–Ottoman war of 1551–1562

Habsburg–Transylvanian War (1556–1567)

Habsburg–Ottoman war of 1565–1568

The siege of Temesvár was a military conflict between the Habsburg monarchy and the Ottoman Empire in 1552. The siege resulted with a decisive Ottoman victory and Temesvár came under Ottoman control for 164 years.

Background

After the Battle of Mohács in 1526, the Hungarian Kingdom split into two parts. The western part of the country came under the control of Ferdinand I from the House of Habsburg, the eastern side came under the control of John Zápolya, a Hungarian noble. Zápolya asked the help of Suleiman the Magnificent Ottoman emperor against Ferdinand. After the death of John in 1540, he was succeeded by his one-month-old son, John Sigismund Zápolya. Ferdinand in 1541 tried to capture Buda, the capital, but he was defeated by Suleiman's army. The Ottoman emperor occupied Buda after the victory and sent the young Hungarian king with his court to Lippa (today Lipova, Romania); in 1542 they moved to Gyulafehérvár (today Alba Iulia, Romania), which later became the capital of the Principality of Transylvania.

Even after this event, Ferdinand didn't give up his dream about the unification of the Hungarian Kingdom under his rule. With George Martinuzzi's help, the eastern part of the country in 1550 came under Habsburg rule, which caused the attack of the Ottoman army against Hungary.

In 1552 two Ottoman armies crossed the border into the Hungarian Kingdom. One of them – led by Hadim Ali Pasha – started a campaign against the western and central part of the country whilst the second army – led by Kara Ahmed Pasha – attacked the fortresses in the Banat region.

Siege

In the summer of 1552, the Ottomans arrived at Temesvár, which was the most important city in the Banat region. The Ottoman army numbered about 30,000 men, Temesvár was defended only by 1,900 men, 700 of whom were merchants.

The Ottoman artillery started destroying the wall on 27 June, then the Ottoman infantry assaulted the wall on 3 July and 6 July, without any success. At the time of the battle, a Hungarian army led by Mihály Tóth tried to liberate the city under the siege, but his army was defeated in the battle of Szentandrás (today Sânandrei, Romania). The city fell soon after.

Aftermath

After the capture of Temesvár, the sultan established the Temeşvar Eyalet which was composed of four sanjaks. Temesvár remained under Ottoman control even after the Treaty of Karlowitz and was recaptured by the Christian forces only in 1717.

References

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