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'''Griffith Park''' is a large ] at the eastern end of the ], in the ] neighborhood of ], ]. The park covers {{Convert|4310|acre|ha}} of land, making it one of the largest ]s in ].<ref name=autogenerated1></ref> It is the second-largest city park in California, after ] in San Diego, and the 11th largest municipally owned park in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cloud.tpl.org/pubs/ccpe-largest-oldest-most-visited-parks-4-2011-update.pdf|title=The 150 Largest City Parks|publisher=The Trust for Public Land}}</ref> It has also been referred to as the ] of Los Angeles{{citation needed|date=December 2012}} but is much larger, more untamed, and rugged than its New York City counterpart.
'''Griffith Park''' is a large ] at the eastern end of the ], in the ] neighborhood of ]. The park includes popular attractions such as the ], the ], the ], and the ]. Due to its appearance in many films, the park is among the most famous municipal parks in North America.<ref name="Schreiner 2020 p. ">{{cite book |last=Schreiner |first=C. |title=Discovering Griffith Park: A Local's Guide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EPPcDwAAQBAJ |access-date=2020-09-30 |publisher=Mountaineers Books |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-68051-267-0}}</ref>
It has been compared to ] in New York City and ] in San Francisco, but it is much larger, less tamed, and more rugged than either of those parks.<ref>Multiple sources:
*{{cite web |title=On the Grid: Griffith Park |url=https://onthegrid.city/los-angeles/griffith-park |last=Hyperakt |date=March 10, 2018 |website=On the Grid }}
*{{cite web |url=http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/top-lists/best-family-fun-activities-at-griffith-park/ |title=Best Family-Fun Activities At Griffith Park |date=June 28, 2017 }}
*{{cite web |title=Griffith Observatory & Griffith Park Los Angeles |url=https://www.travelonline.com/usa/los-angeles/attractions/griffith-park-observatory.html |website=www.travelonline.com |access-date=November 30, 2017 |archive-date=May 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507185705/https://www.travelonline.com/usa/los-angeles/attractions/griffith-park-observatory.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Los Angeles Recreation and Parks Commission adopted the characterization of the park as an "urban wilderness" on January 8, 2014.<ref>{{cite web |title=Griffith Park's Vision Plan |url=https://friendsofgriffithpark.org/griffith-parks-vision-plan/ |website=Friends of Griffith Park |access-date=October 3, 2021}}</ref>{{r|Vision 2014}} The park covers {{convert|4310|acre|ha}} of land, making it one of the largest ]s in North America.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web |url=http://www.laparks.org/dos/parks/griffithpk/gp_info.htm |title=Griffith Park<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=December 2, 2010 |archive-date=July 28, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160728182613/http://www.laparks.org/dos/parks/griffithpk/gp_info.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is the second-largest city park in California, after ] in San Diego, and the 11th-largest municipally-owned park in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cloud.tpl.org/pubs/ccpe-largest-oldest-most-visited-parks-4-2011-update.pdf |title=The 150 Largest City Parks |publisher=The Trust for Public Land}}</ref>
==History==
==History==
===Griffith donation===
After successfully investing in mining, Colonel ] purchased ] (near the ]) in 1882 and started an ] farm there. Although ostrich feathers were commonly used in making women's hats in the late-19th century, Griffith's purpose was primarily to lure residents of Los Angeles to his nearby property developments, which supposedly were haunted by the ghost of Antonio Feliz (a previous owner of the property). After the property rush peaked, Griffith donated {{convert|3015|acre|ha}} to the city of Los Angeles on December 16, 1896.<ref></ref>
] prison register]]
After successfully investing in mining, ] purchased ] (near the ]) in 1882 and started an ] farm there. Although ostrich feathers were commonly used in making women's hats in the late 19th century, Griffith's purpose was primarily to lure residents of Los Angeles to his nearby property developments, which supposedly were haunted by the ghost of Antonio Feliz (a previous owner of the property). After the property rush peaked, Griffith donated {{convert|3015|acre|ha}} to the city of Los Angeles on December 16, 1896.<ref> {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100115220537/http://www.ci.la.ca.us/rap/dos/parks/griffithpk/gp_narrative.htm |date=January 15, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Gift To Los Angeles: Capitalist G. J. Griffith Donates as a Christmas Present a Magnificent Park Site. |url=http://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SFC18961217.2.32.1 |access-date=17 November 2015 |volume=81 |issue=17 |page=3 |publisher=Los Angeles Herald |date=17 December 1896}}</ref> It came with instructions: "Public parks are a safety valve of great cities...and should be accessible and attractive, where neither race, creed nor color should be excluded."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rasmussen |first=Cecilia |title=L.A. Unconventional: The Men and Women Who Did L.A. Their Way |date=1998 |pages=54–55 |publisher=Los Angeles Times |isbn=978-1-883792-23-7 |location=Los Angeles |oclc=ocm40701771}}</ref>
Afterward Griffith was tried and convicted for shooting and severely wounding his wife in a 1903 incident.<ref>, ''Los Angeles Sunday Times'', November 13, 1904</ref> When released from prison, he attempted to fund the construction of an ], ], ], and a girls' camp and boys' camp in the park. His reputation in the city was tainted by his crime, however, so the city refused his money.
Griffith was tried and convicted of shooting and severely wounding his wife in a 1903 incident.<ref>, ''Los Angeles Sunday Times'', November 13, 1904</ref> When released from prison, he attempted to fund the construction of an ], ], ], and a girls' camp and boys' camp in the park. As his reputation in the city was tainted by his crime, the city refused his money.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Morrison |first=Patt |date=2022-05-03 |title=Griffith Park is named for a guy who shot his wife — and other true stories of L.A. parks |url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2022-05-03/la-parks-names-griffith-runyon-debs |access-date=2022-05-07 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref>
]
]
In 1912, Griffith designated {{convert|100|acre|ha}} of the park, at its northeast corner along the Los Angeles River, be used to "do something to further aviation". The ] was the result. Aviation pioneers such as ] and Silas Christoffersen used it, and the aerodrome passed to the ]. Air operations continued on a {{convert|2000|ft|m|-2|sing=on}}-long runway until 1939, when it was closed, partly due to danger from interference with the approaches to ] across the river in Glendale, and because the City Planning commission complained that a military airport violated the terms of Griffith's deed. The National Guard squadron moved to ], and the Aerodrome was demolished, though the rotating beacon and its tower remained for many years. From 1946 until the mid-1950s, ] occupied the area which had formerly been the Aerodrome. Today that site is occupied by the ] parking lot, the Gene Autry Western Heritage Museum, soccer fields, and the interchange between the ] and the ].{{citation needed|date=December 2012}}
===Griffith Park Aerodrome===
]
In 1912, Griffith designated {{convert|100|acre|ha}} of the park, at its northeast corner along the Los Angeles River, to be used to "do something to further aviation". The Griffith Park Aerodrome was the result. Aviation pioneers such as ] and ] used it; afterwards the aerodrome was passed to the ]. Air operations continued on a {{convert|2000|ft|m|-2|adj=on}}-long runway until 1939, when it was closed, partly due to danger from interference with the approaches to ] across the river in Glendale, and because the City Planning commission complained that a military airport violated the terms of Griffith's deed.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1939-11-10 |title=Extension of Guard Airfield at Griffith Park Held Illegal |pages=38 |work=The Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123681174/extension-of-guard-airfield-at-griffith/ |access-date=2023-04-28}}</ref> The National Guard squadron moved to ], and the aerodrome was demolished, though the rotating beacon and its tower remained for many years. From 1946 until the mid-1950s, ] occupied the area which had formerly been the Aerodrome. Today that site is occupied by the ] parking lot, the Gene Autry Western Heritage Museum, soccer fields, and the interchange between the ] and the ].{{citation needed|date=December 2012}}
===Expansion===
Film pioneer ] (no relation to Colonel Griffith) filmed the battle scenes for his epic '']'' in the park in 1915, as ] detailed in her memoirs, ''The Movies, Mr. Griffith, and Me''. Over the years, a number of films were shot in the park, such as ''Flareup'' (1969), starring Raquel Welch. {{citation needed|date=December 2012}}
] of Griffith Park Girls' Camp, c. 1920]]
Griffith set up a trust fund for the improvements he envisioned, and after his death in 1919 the city began to build what Griffith had wanted. The amphitheater, called the ], was completed in 1930, and ] was finished in 1935. Subsequent to Griffith's original gift, further donations of land, city purchases, and the reversion of land from private to public have expanded the park to its present size.
In December, 1944 the Sherman Company donated {{convert|444 |acres}} of Hollywoodland open space to Griffith Park. This large, passive, eco-sensitive property borders the ] reservoir (west), the former ] (north), and Bronson Canyon (east) where it connects into the original Griffith donation. The Hollywoodland residential community is surrounded by this land.<ref>Los Angeles City Archives, Piper Tech, Minutes of Meeting of Board of Playground and Recreation Commissioners, Monday, December 18, 1944</ref><ref>Los Angeles City Ordinance 90638</ref><ref>Quitclaim deed, Sherman Company, City of Los Angeles 2049 (Sherman Library and Gardens)</ref>
Colonel Griffith set up a trust fund for the improvements he envisioned, and after his death in 1919 the city began to build what Griffith had wanted. The amphitheater, called the ], was completed in 1930, and ] was finished in 1935. Subsequent to Griffith's original gift further donations of land, city purchases, and the reversion of land from private to public have expanded the Park to its present size.
In December, 1944 the Sherman Company gifted 444 acres of Hollywoodland open space to Griffith Park. This large, passive, eco-sensitive property borders the Lake Hollywood reservoir (west), the former Hollywoodland sign (north), and Bronson Canyon (east) where it connects into the original Griffith donation. The Hollywoodland residential community is surrounded by this land.<ref>Los Angeles City Archives, Piper Tech, Minutes of Meeting of Board of Playground and Recreation Commissioners, Monday, December 18, 1944</ref><ref>Los Angeles City Ordinance 90638</ref><ref>Quitclaim deed, Sherman Company, City of Los Angeles 2049 (Sherman Library and Gardens)</ref>
===World War II===
===World War II===
After the ], the ] camp contained within Griffith Park was converted to a holding center for Japanese Americans arrested as "enemy aliens" before they were transferred to more permanent ]. The Griffith Park Detention Camp opened almost immediately after the Pearl Harbor attack, taking in 35 Japanese immigrants suspected of ] activity because they lived and worked near military installations. These men, mostly fishermen from nearby ], were transferred to an ] detention station after a brief stay, but ] internees arrested in the days and weeks following the outbreak of the war arrived soon after to take their place. Up to 550 Japanese Americans were confined in Griffith Park from 1941 to 1942, all subsequently transferred to ], ] and other DOJ camps.<ref name=Masumoto>Masumoto, Marie. ''Densho Encyclopedia''. Retrieved 13 Jun 2014.</ref>
After the ], the ] camp contained within Griffith Park was converted to a holding center for ] before they were transferred to more permanent internment camps.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Campa |first=Andrew J. |date=2023-04-28 |title=Griffith Park's little-known history as a prison camp for Japanese, German, Italian immigrants |url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2023-04-28/griffith-parks-prison-camp-japanese-german-italian-immigrants |access-date=2023-04-28 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> The Griffith Park Detention Camp opened almost immediately after the Pearl Harbor attack, taking in 35 Japanese immigrants suspected of ] activity because they lived and worked near military installations. These men, mostly fishermen from nearby ], were transferred to an ] detention station after a brief stay, but ] internees arrested in the days and weeks following the outbreak of the war arrived soon after to take their place. Up to 550 Japanese Americans were confined in Griffith Park from 1941 to 1942, all subsequently transferred to ], ] and other DOJ camps.<ref name=Masumoto>Masumoto, Marie. ''Densho Encyclopedia''. Retrieved 13 Jun 2014.</ref>
On July 14, 1942, the detention camp became a POW Processing Center for German, Italian and Japanese ], operating until August 3, 1943, when the prisoners were transferred elsewhere. The camp was changed to the Army Western Corps Photographic Center and Camouflage Experimental Laboratory until the end of the war.<ref name=Masumoto/>
On July 14, 1942, the detention camp became a POW Processing Center for German, Italian and Japanese ], operating until August 3, 1943, when the prisoners were transferred elsewhere. The camp was changed to the Army Western Corps Photographic Center and Camouflage Experimental Laboratory until the end of the war.<ref name=Masumoto/>
===Protest===
On 17 March 1968, in Los Angeles, to protest ] and harassment by the ], two ]s known as "The Princess" and "The Duchess" held a St. Patrick's Day party at Griffith Park, a popular ] spot and a frequent target of police activity. More than 200 gay men socialized through the day.<ref>Witt, Lynn, Sherry Thomas and Eric Marcus (eds.) (1995). ''Out in All Directions: The Almanac of Gay and Lesbian America'', p. 210. New York, Warner Books. {{ISBN|0-446-67237-8}}.</ref>
===Fires===
===Fires===
] wavelengths of light have been used to make this satellite image. Vegetation appears in various shades of green, while the burned areas appear charcoal.]]
] wavelengths of light have been used to make this satellite image. Vegetation appears in various shades of green, while the burned areas appear charcoal.]]
{{Further|1933 Griffith Park fire}}
Hired as part of a welfare project, 3,780 men were in the park clearing brush on October 3, 1933, when ] in the Mineral Wells area in the northern part of the current park. Many of the workers volunteered or were ordered to fight the fire. In all, 29 men were killed and 150 were injured. Professional firefighters arrived and limited the blaze to {{convert|47|acre|ha}}.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202060223/http://english.glendale.cc.ca.us/fire_of_%27331.html |date=December 2, 2019 }}, ''Glendale News-Press'', October 1–4, 1993. Accessed May 8, 2007.</ref>
On May 12, 1961, a wildfire on the south side of the park burned {{convert|814|acre|ha}}. It also destroyed eight homes and damaged nine more, chiefly in the ] area.<ref> {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070812140941/http://www.lafire.com/famous_fires/610512_BeachwoodCanyonFire/051261_BeachwoodCanyon.htm |date=August 12, 2007}}, Otto Firgens, Los Angeles City Fire Department</ref>
{{Main|1933 Griffith Park Fire}}
Hired as part of a welfare project, 3,780 men were in the park clearing brush on October 3, 1933, ] in the Mineral Wells area. Many of the workers volunteered or were ordered to fight the fire. In all, 29 men were killed and 150 were injured. Professional firefighters arrived and limited the blaze to {{convert|47|acre|ha}}.<ref>, ''Glendale News-Press'', October 1–4, 1993. Accessed May 8, 2007.</ref>
Another fire occurred {{circa|1971}} in the ] area. Repelled by the ugliness of the devastated area, Amir Dialameh replanted a portion of it himself by hand. Over the course of more than 30 years he tended the garden he built there, with the help of occasional volunteers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://amirsgarden.org/index.html |title=Amir's Garden - Since 1971 |publisher=Amirsgarden.org |access-date=2016-02-17}}</ref> Amir's Garden is featured in '']'' episode 1306.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amir's Garden- Visiting (1306) – Huell Howser Archives at Chapman University |date=October 16, 2005 |url=https://blogs.chapman.edu/huell-howser-archives/2005/10/16/amirs-garden-visiting-1306/}}</ref>
On May 12, 1961 a wildfire on the south side of the park burned {{convert|814|acre|ha}}. It also destroyed eight homes and damaged nine more, chiefly in the ] area.<ref>, Otto Firgens, Los Angeles City Fire Department</ref>
On May 8, 2007 a major wildfire burned more than {{convert|817|acre|ha}}, destroying the bird sanctuary, Dante's View, and Captain's Roost, and forcing the evacuation of hundreds of people. The fire came right up to one of the largest playgrounds in Los Angeles, ], and the Los Angeles Zoo, and threatened the Griffith Observatory, but left these areas intact. Several local organizations, including SaveGriffithPark.org, have been working since then with local officials to restore the park in a way that would benefit all.<ref name="latimes.com"> Ashraf Khalil, '']'' May 11, 2007</ref> It was the third fire of the year.<ref>, ].com, 11:27 pm PDT May 8, 2007</ref> The city announced a $50 million plan to stabilize the burned slopes. The trees along Canyon Drive were allowed to grow back naturally, having been re-seeded by bird droppings.<ref name="latimes.com"/>
On May 8, 2007, a major wildfire burned more than {{convert|817|acre|ha}}, destroying the bird sanctuary, Dante's View, and Captain's Roost, and forcing the evacuation of hundreds of people. The fire came right up to one of the largest playgrounds in Los Angeles, ], and the Los Angeles Zoo, and threatened the Griffith Observatory, but left such areas intact. Several local organizations, including SaveGriffithPark.org, have been working since then with local officials to restore the park in a way that would benefit all.<ref name="latimes.com"> Ashraf Khalil, '']'' May 11, 2007</ref> It was the third fire of the year.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070510033239/http://www.nbc4.tv/news/13279762/detail.html?dl=mainclick |date=May 10, 2007 }}, ].com, 11:27 pm PDT May 8, 2007</ref> The city announced a $50 million plan to stabilize the burned slopes. The trees along Canyon Drive were allowed to grow back naturally, having been re-seeded by bird droppings.<ref name="latimes.com"/>
===Addition of Cahuenga Peak===
===Addition of Cahuenga Peak===
One hundred additional acres around ] were purchased with funds from a broad spectrum of donors, in addition to $1.7 million from the city,<ref>
{{Convert|100|acres|ha|spell=In}} around ] were purchased with funds from a broad spectrum of donors, in addition to $1.7 million from the city,<ref>{{cite news
}}</ref> and added to the park in July 2010<ref>. LAist (June 18, 2010). Retrieved on August 25, 2013.</ref> bringing the park's total acreage to {{Convert|4310|acre|ha}}.
}}</ref> and added to the park in July 2010<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510215412/http://laist.com/2010/06/18/its_official_griffith_park_grows_by.php |date=May 10, 2012 }}. LAist (June 18, 2010). Retrieved on August 25, 2013.</ref> bringing the park's total acreage to {{Convert|4310|acre|ha}}.
==Attractions==
==Attractions==
{{OSM Location map
*]
|coord={{Coord|34.13|-118.3}}
|float=right
|zoom=12
|width=400 |height=200
|scalemark=20
|fullscreen-option=1
|caption=Map of notable attractions at Griffith Park
*Griffith Park Merry-Go-Round<ref>{{cite web|title=Griffith Park|url=http://www.laparks.org/dos/parks/griffithpk/mgr.htm|website=City of Los Angeles Department of Recreation & Parks|access-date=10 March 2016|archive-date=July 22, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160722220624/http://www.laparks.org/dos/parks/griffithpk/mgr.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Tremaine|first=Julie|date=2020-10-14|title=The story behind the California attraction that inspired Disneyland|url=https://www.sfgate.com/disneyland/article/This-is-the-exact-spot-in-LA-that-inspired-15644142.php|access-date=2020-10-14|work=]|language=en-US}}</ref>
*Griffith Park Merry-Go-Round{{cn|date=September 2015}}
*] - closed in 1966 and now used as a hiking and picinicking area
*] - closed in 1966 and now used as a hiking and picnicking area
*]: a '''pine tree in memory of Beatle ]''' was planted in 2004 near the observatory. It died after a ] infestation, and as of 2014, plans have been made to replace it.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lewis|first1=Randy|title=George Harrison Memorial Tree killed ... by beetles; replanting due|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/posts/la-et-ms-george-harrison-tree-beetles-replant-20140721-story.html|work=Los Angeles Times|date= July 21, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Lewis|first1=Randy|title=George Harrison tree -- killed by beetles -- to be replanted Feb. 25 |url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/posts/la-et-ms-george-harrison-tree-killed-by-beetles-replant-20150220-story.html |work=Los Angeles Times|date=February 20, 2015}}</ref>
*]: a pine tree in memory of Beatle ] was planted in 2004 near the observatory. It died after a ] infestation, and as of 2014, plans have been made to replace it.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lewis|first1=Randy|title=George Harrison Memorial Tree killed ... by beetles; replanting due|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/posts/la-et-ms-george-harrison-tree-beetles-replant-20140721-story.html|work=Los Angeles Times|date= July 21, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Lewis|first1=Randy|title=George Harrison tree -- killed by beetles -- to be replanted Feb. 25 |url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/posts/la-et-ms-george-harrison-tree-killed-by-beetles-replant-20150220-story.html |work=Los Angeles Times|date=February 20, 2015}}</ref>
*The site of the ] on the southern side of ] is located on rough, steep terrain, and is encompassed by barriers to prevent unauthorized access. Local groups have campaigned to make tourist access to the sign difficult on grounds of safety, as the curving hillside roads in the area were not designed for so many cars and pedestrians.<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-hollywood-sign-wars-20131009,0,2258306,full.story| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131013003319/http://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-hollywood-sign-wars-20131009,0,2258306,full.story| url-status= dead| archive-date= 13 October 2013|title=Discontent brewing under the Hollywood sign|author=Bob Pool|date=8 October 2013|work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-hollywood-sign-tourists-aggravate-residents-20131009,0,5716320.story|title=Hollywood sign tourists, sightseers annoy local residents|author=Bob Pool|date=9 October 2013|work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> The Hollywood Sign Trust convinced ] and other mapping services to stop providing directions to the location of the sign, instead directing visitors to two viewing platforms, Griffith Observatory and the ]. Another, less remote area from which the sign can be viewed is ] on Canyon Lake Drive.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Walker|first1=Alissa|title=Why People Keep Trying to Erase the Hollywood Sign From Google Maps|url=https://gizmodo.com/why-people-keep-trying-to-erase-the-hollywood-sign-from-1658084644|access-date=21 November 2014|work=]|date=21 November 2014}}</ref>
*The site of the ''']''' on the southern side of ] is located on rough, steep terrain, and is encompassed by barriers to prevent unauthorized access. Local groups have campaigned to make tourist access to the sign difficult on grounds of safety, as the curving hillside roads in the area were not designed for so many cars and pedestrians.<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-hollywood-sign-wars-20131009,0,2258306,full.story|title=Discontent brewing under the Hollywood sign|author=Bob Pool|date=8 October 2013|work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-hollywood-sign-tourists-aggravate-residents-20131009,0,5716320.story|title=Hollywood sign tourists, sightseers annoy local residents|author=Bob Pool|date=9 October 2013|work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> The Hollywood Sign Trust convinced ] and other mapping services to stop providing directions to the location of the sign, instead directing visitors to two viewing platforms, Griffith Observatory and the ]. Another, less remote area from which the sign can be viewed is ] on Canyon Lake Drive.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Walker|first1=Alissa|title=Why People Keep Trying to Erase the Hollywood Sign From Google Maps|url=http://gizmodo.com/why-people-keep-trying-to-erase-the-hollywood-sign-from-1658084644|accessdate=21 November 2014|work=]|date=21 November 2014}}</ref>
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
A statue of a standing bear, created in 1976 by ] based on the design of German sculptor ] originally created in 1932, is located in the park. Its plaque reads "To the people of the United States of America in gratitude for their aid, friendship and protection. Presented to our sister city, Los Angeles by the people of free ]".<ref>{{cite web | title=Renee Sintenis, Standing Bear, Los Angeles | website=Public Art in Los Angeles and Southern California | url=http://www.publicartinla.com/sculptures/sintenis_bear.html | access-date=23 September 2022 | archive-date=September 23, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923063327/http://www.publicartinla.com/sculptures/sintenis_bear.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> This is the same bear as that used to create the ] awards for the ] each year.<ref>{{cite web | last=François | first=Emmanuelle | title=The woman behind the Bär | website=Exberliner | date=2 March 2018 | url=https://www.exberliner.com/politics/renee-sintenis/ | access-date=23 September 2022}}</ref>
===Other activities===
===Other activities===
]
Much of the park comprises wild, rugged natural areas with hiking and mountain bike trails, and this terrain separates the park into many areas or "pockets" of activities. Within the various areas are concessions, golf courses, picnic grounds, pony and train rides, and tennis courts. In 2014, two baseball fields were proposed on the east side of Griffith Park that would remove 44 trees and replace {{convert|4|acre|ha|spell=in|adj=0}} of picnic area, the largest picnic area in the park that is often used for large family gatherings, cultural fairs and festivals, reunions, and other special occasions. The plan may be altered to spare a ] that has been designated by the city as a "]", a living artifact of Los Angeles history.<ref>{{cite news|author= Sahagun, Louis |date= September 12, 2014| url= http://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-0913-griffith-park-20140913-story.html |title= Plans to add baseball fields to Griffith Park may draw legal challenge| work= ]}}</ref>
Much of the park comprises wild, rugged natural areas with hiking and equestrian trails, and this terrain separates the park into many areas or "pockets" of activities. Within the various areas are concessions, golf courses, picnic grounds, train rides, and tennis courts. In 2014, two baseball fields were proposed on the east side of Griffith Park that would remove 44 trees and replace {{convert|4|acre|ha|spell=in}} of picnic area, the largest picnic area in the park that is often used for large family gatherings, cultural fairs and festivals, reunions, and other special occasions. The plan may be altered to spare a ] that has been designated by the city as a "]", a living artifact of Los Angeles history.<ref>{{cite news|author= Sahagun, Louis |date= September 12, 2014| url= http://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-0913-griffith-park-20140913-story.html |title= Plans to add baseball fields to Griffith Park may draw legal challenge| work= ]}}</ref>
With its numerous trails, and views of downtown LA, and the ], Griffith Park is known as one of the best hiking spots in Los Angeles.{{cn|date=September 2015}} Since its closure in 1966, the ] has become a popular hiking destination in the park. The abandoned animal enclosures were left alone with the bars removed, and picnic tables were installed in some areas, making it an easily accessible hike to all skill levels.{{cn|date=September 2015}}
After its closure in 1966, the grounds of the ] were transformed into a recreation area. Some of the former animal enclosures were left in place, and picnic tables were installed.
===Famous locations portrayed in media===
Griffith Park was the busiest destination in Los Angeles for on-location filming in 2011, with 346 production days, according to a survey. Projects included the TV shows ''Criminal Minds'' and ''The Closer''.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-2011-top-film-locations-pictures,0,7345033.photogallery |title=Top Film Locations for 2011 |work=] |date=December 15, 2011}}</ref> With its wide variety of scenes and close proximity to ] and ], many different production crews have found new ways and angles to film the same spots and make them look different. One would be hard pressed to find a spot in Griffith Park which has not been filmed or taped.{{citation needed|date=December 2012}}
The annual ] cross country race has been held in the park on the last Saturday in September since 1973.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-09-30-sp-83-story.html|title= Big Field Expected for Bell-Jeff Invitational|date= September 30, 1989|work=]|access-date=2018-09-04}}</ref>
].]]
] with the ].]]
After 74 years in operation,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Griffith Park Pony Rides Historical Marker |url=https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=212780 |access-date=2022-12-22 |website=www.hmdb.org |language=en}}</ref> the ] closed on December 21, 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Scauzillo |first=Steve |date=2022-12-22 |title=End of era: Children take last pony rides as city closes Griffith Park favorite |url=https://www.dailynews.com/2022/12/21/end-of-era-children-take-last-pony-rides-as-city-closes-griffith-park-favorite |access-date=2022-12-22 |website=Daily News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Scauzillo |first=Steve |date=2023-01-08 |title=Historic structures at Griffith Park pony ride may hamper city's plans |url=https://www.dailynews.com/2023/01/08/historic-structures-at-griffith-park-pony-ride-may-hamper-citys-plans |access-date=2023-01-10 |work=Daily News |language=en-US}}</ref>{{r|CHC-2008-2724-HCM}}
Griffith Park has many other locations familiar to consumers of such media works as:
* Films:
**It was used as a location in the first two '']'' movies. In the first movie (released in 1985) it was used for Marty McFly's starting point when accelerating to {{convert|88|mi/h|km/h|0|abbr=on}} in the film's climax, and in the second movie (released in 1989) it was used for the "River Road Tunnel" scene when Marty was trying to get the almanac back from Biff Tannen.
**The same tunnel was used as the entrance to ] in '']'' (1988).
**The park was also featured in the ] movie '']'' (1993).
**The tunnel was used as the entrance to the NORAD complex in ] (1983).
===Hiking===
] on ] and ] with Wisdom tree visible to the West of the ]]]
Griffith Park is a popular hiking area. Orientation maps are located at the entrance to the parking lot near ]. A service road leads from the observatory to numerous hiking routs on and around Mount Lee; however, the immediate area where the ] is located is closed to the public since the area is home to the main communication tower for the City of Los Angeles. Hiking up to Wisdom tree on ] from the South-western slopes of Mount Lee is accessible.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lopez |first=Steve |date=2022-11-10 |title=A hike to L.A.'s Wisdom Tree calms post-election nerves. And the view is perfect |url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2022-11-10/column-la-wisdom-tree-hike-calms-post-election-nerves |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> Visitors are expected to comply with safety requirements, and must be prepared and equipped adequately.
]
Trails leading to the Hollywood Sign can be accessed from several official Griffith Park entrances. These include the Mt. Hollywood Trail, which can be accessed from the ] parking lot off Vermont Canyon Road or from Vermont Canyon Road just past the Greek Theater, the Bronson Canyon / Brush Canyon Trail (3200 Canyon Drive, Los Angeles, CA),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hikingguy.com/hiking-trails/best-la-hikes/easy-hollywood-sign-hike/|title=The Easy Hollywood Sign Hike (Directions & Parking)|date=2015-03-31|website=HikingGuy.com|language=en|access-date=2018-12-10}}</ref> and a number of trailheads that begin near the Griffith Park Visitors Center off Crystal Springs Drive in the Los Feliz section of Los Angeles (free trail maps are available at the Visitors Center).<ref>hollywoodsign.org</ref> A once-popular trailhead originating at the top of Beachwood Drive was closed by court order in April 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-hollywood-sign-lawsuit-20180321-story.html|title=Griffith Park groups lose legal battle over pathway to see Hollywood sign|work=Los Angeles Times|date=March 22, 2018|access-date=2020-01-12}}</ref>
===Mount Lee===
*Music:
Mount Lee's hiking trails and fire roads are part of Griffith Park; as such it's easy to get lost and be redirected. Maps of the trails and the land around the hills should be studied before attempting to hike the area for the first time.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.laparks.org/sites/default/files/griffith/pdf/GriffithParkMap.pdf|title=Griffith Park Trail Map|last=|first=|date=|website=www.laparks.org|access-date=2020-01-12}}</ref>
** The park was the location for ]'s music video for his single, "If I Had You".
==Wildlife==
*Television - sampling of television shows filmed here includes:
An adult ], named ],{{notetag|"P" for puma, another name for mountain lion, and "22" as he is the 22nd of his species which has been tracked by ] rangers.}} inhabited the park from 2012 to 2022.<ref>Steve Winter, ''Ghost Cats'', ], December 2013.</ref> An image of the cougar was captured on an automatic camera.<ref>Keefe, Alexa (November 14, 2013) '']''</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2015/04/19/400616078/las-mountain-lion-is-a-solitary-cat-with-a-knack-for-travel|title=LA's Mountain Lion Is A Solitary Cat With A Knack For Travel|date= April 19, 2015|work=]|access-date=20 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/ballad-p22-mountain-lion-los-angeles|title=The Mountain Lions of Los Angeles |first=Michelle |last=Nijhuis|date=April 20, 2015|magazine=] }}</ref> P-22 is likely not the first mountain lion to have taken up residence in Griffith Park, although the duration of his stay was remarkably long. A mountain lion's body was found in Griffith Park sometime in 1996 or 1997, after being hit by a vehicle. Another mountain lion was sighted several times in Griffith Park in 2004 and rangers found evidence (including deer remains) to support its presence there.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Hymon |first1=Steve |last2=Sciaudone |first2=Christiana |date=April 29, 2004 |title=A Mountain Lion Far From Home |work=] |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-apr-29-me-lion29-story.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=December 18, 2022}}</ref>
**An episode{{which|date=September 2015}} of '']'' in which Laura Holt is trying to evade the police
**The Nickelodeon show '']''
An urban ecologist monitors wildlife within the park.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lovett |first=Ian |date=2011-09-14 |title=Baying at the Bard, Appropriately and Otherwise |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/14/us/out-here-coyotes-provide-soundtrack-to-theater-in-griffith-park.html |access-date=2023-03-03 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The ecologist has also been conducting a raptor study in the communities surrounding the park through volunteers since 2017.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kim |first=Dakota |date=2023-03-02 |title=Go bird watching with an urban ecologist and learn about L.A.'s predators of the sky |url=https://www.latimes.com/travel/newsletter/2023-03-01/los-angeles-raptor-study-griffith-park-bird-watching-the-wild |access-date=2023-03-02 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> Permanent signs on the Griffith Park Observatory deck warn of ] in the surrounding area.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/Rattlesnake-Warning-Los-Angeles-Zoo-season-153225855.html|title=Rattlesnake Warning: They're Shy, but Dangerous|last=Hicks|first=Reva|date=May 23, 2012|work=NBC Southern California|language=en|access-date=2019-03-20|quote=the ] found in Griffith Park -- a place where humans, dogs and rattlesnakes share the trails.}}</ref>
Some specific sites within the park that have appeared in media include:
*''']''', aka '''Bronson Caves''', is a popular location for motion picture and television filming, especially of ] and science fiction low-budget films, including '']'' (1956). The site was also used as the location for the climactic scene in John Ford's classic western, '']'' (1956). The scene includes John Wayne cornering his niece, Debbie (]), in one of the caves with the apparent intent of killing her. He relents at the last moment, however, and in the film's most famous shot, picks her up in his arms and turns to carry her back home. Many fans of the film are startled by the revelation that this scene was actually filmed in urban Los Angeles, probably due to how well the shot is integrated into the rest of the picture's location scenery. The craggy site of an old quarry, a tunnel in this canyon was also used as the entrance to the ] in the opening sequence of the 1960s '']'' television series, and in numerous other shows. The natural "cave" walls are preserved by the many layers of paint used to make them look like rock.{{citation needed|date=December 2012}}
]s abound in Griffith Park and are generally active at night. Park visitors report frequent sightings during the day and have had their dogs attacked by coyotes.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Wolfe |first1=Chris |last2=Habeshian |first2=Sareen |date=2022-01-26 |title=Actor Travis Van Winkle warns hikers after his dog was attacked by coyotes at Griffith Park |url=https://ktla.com/news/local-news/actor-travis-van-winkle-warns-hikers-after-his-dog-was-attacked-by-coyotes-at-griffith-park/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=KTLA |language=en-US}}</ref> Visitors are strongly discouraged from feeding Griffith Park coyotes including near "the base of Fern Canyon, where up to eight coyotes per day are present more or less continuously."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Carey |first=Matthew |date=2017-06-18 |title=LA park rangers warn visitors: Stop feeding the coyotes! |url=https://www.dailynews.com/environment-and-nature/20170617/la-park-rangers-warn-visitors-stop-feeding-the-coyotes |access-date=2023-03-02 |website=Los Angeles Daily News |language=en-US}}</ref>
*The ''']''', which sits atop the southern slope of Mount Hollywood, was featured prominently in the classic '']'' (1955). A bronze bust of the film's star ] is on the grounds just outside the dome. Other movies filmed here include '']'' (1984), Disney's '']'' (1991), '']'' (2001), Stephen Sommer's film '']'' (2004), and '']'' (2008). The area of the park around the Observatory also appears as a location in the ] '']'' (2004), which is set in Los Angeles. Griffith Park and ] are significant in the '']'' episode "Future's End" (originally aired November 6, 1996). The crew are thrown into the past and Griffith Observatory discovers ''Voyager''. The tunnel was also used in the 1960s spy television series '']''.
The newly created habitat of a ] near the Bette Davis Picnic Area has attracted ]s from the ].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Buckley |first=Cara |date=2023-08-24 |title=Tiny Forests With Big Benefits |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/24/climate/tiny-forests-climate-miyawaki.html |access-date=2023-09-14 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wagner |first=Tara Lynn |date=2021-10-25 |title=In the face of a huge climate crisis, can micro forests be the answer? |url=https://spectrumnews1.com/ca/la-west/environment/2021/10/25/in-the-face-of-a-huge-climate-crisis--can-micro-forests-be-the-answer- |access-date=2023-09-14 |website=spectrumnews1.com |language=en}}</ref>
===Gay bashings===
In ]'s novel '']'' (1963) and non-fiction book ''The Sexual Outlaw'', Griffith Park is the scene of gay pick-ups and public sex as well as numerous gay bashings and violence from the LAPD in the 1960s and 1970s. It is the scene of similar activities in several novels by ], and in the movie '']'' (1972).
==Geology==
==Park hours and parking==
Much of the exposed rock in Griffith Park is marine or non-marine ] of ] and ] formations, including the Lower, Middle and Upper ], as well as the ] and ] formations. Both inclined ] and fossil-bearing ] are common. Also present is late ] ], generally strongly weathered and easily cleaved, as well as some ] and purple and gray ] ] bodies. ] as well as clear contacts between rock bodies are also common.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Helman |first=Daniel |date=2012 |title=Public Geology at Griffith Park in Los Angeles: A Sample Teachers' Guide |url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/01m2d0cx |journal=Electronic Green Journal |volume=1 |issue=33 |doi=10.5070/G313310917 |s2cid=129401303 |access-date=18 August 2018 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
]
===Climate===
The park is open 5:00 a.m. to 10:30 p.m. All hiking trails and mountain roads close at sunset. Ample free parking is available on the south side off of Vermont Canyon Road inside the park; cars can be left parked at the parking lot next to the Greek Theater until 10:30 p.m., even though the park gates close to entering cars at sunset.<ref name=autogenerated1 />
{{Weather box|width=auto
|location = Griffith Park, Los Angeles, California
|single line = Y
|Jan high F = 68
|Feb high F = 69
|Mar high F = 70
|Apr high F = 75
|May high F = 76
|Jun high F = 82
|Jul high F = 87
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|Sep high F = 86
|Oct high F = 81
|Nov high F = 74
|Dec high F = 68
|year high F =
|Jan record high F = 91
|Feb record high F = 92
|Mar record high F = 92
|Apr record high F = 105
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|Oct record high F = 106
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|Nov record low F = 31
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|year record low F = 25
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 3.94
|Feb precipitation inch = 4.46
|Mar precipitation inch = 3.91
|Apr precipitation inch = 1.01
|May precipitation inch = 0.39
|Jun precipitation inch = 0.09
|Jul precipitation inch = 0.02
|Aug precipitation inch = 0.17
|Sep precipitation inch = 0.32
|Oct precipitation inch = 0.59
|Nov precipitation inch = 1.36
|Dec precipitation inch = 2.21
|year precipitation inch = 18.47
|source 1 = <ref>{{cite web| url =https://weather.com/weather/monthly/l/2bc958bbc6d0e391486b23f732613d6e16fda04d49521d59144c093d84194cb2| title =Griffith Park, CA Monthly Weather| access-date =2021-02-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.plantmaps.com/90027 | title =Zipcode 90027 |access-date =2021-03-24}}</ref>
}}
==In popular culture==
==Wildlife==
With its wide variety of scenes and close proximity to ] and ], various locations in the park have been used extensively in movies and television shows.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rode |first=Erin |date=2024-01-26 |title=There's a secret mystery forest in the middle of this big city park |url=https://www.sfgate.com/la/article/california-griffith-park-forest-hike-18621449.php |access-date=2024-01-26 |website=SFGATE |language=en}}</ref> Griffith Park was the busiest destination in Los Angeles for on-location filming in 2011, with 346 production days, according to a FilmL.A. survey.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} Projects included the TV series '']'' and '']''.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-2011-top-film-locations-pictures,0,7345033.photogallery |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111215042520/http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-2011-top-film-locations-pictures,0,7345033.photogallery |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 15, 2011 |title=Top Film Locations for 2011 |work=] |date=December 15, 2011}}</ref>
One adult ] is known to inhabit the park as of 2013.<ref>Steve Winter, ''Ghost Cats'', ], December 2013.</ref> An image of the cougar was captured on an automatic camera.<ref>Keefe, Alexa (November 14, 2013) '']''</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.npr.org/2015/04/19/400616078/las-mountain-lion-is-a-solitary-cat-with-a-knack-for-travel|title=LA's Mountain Lion Is A Solitary Cat With A Knack For Travel|date= April 19, 2015|work=]|accessdate=20 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/ballad-p22-mountain-lion-los-angeles|title=The Mountain Lions of Los Angeles |first=Michelle |last=Nijhuis|date=April 20, 2015|work=] }}</ref>
]]]
] with the ]]]
Some sites within the park that have appeared in media include:
*], also called Bronson Caves, is a popular location for motion picture and television filming, especially of ] and science fiction low-budget films, including '']'' (1956). The site was also used as the location for the climactic scene in ]'s classic western, '']'' (1956). The scene includes Ethan Edwards (]) cornering his niece Debbie (]) in one of the caves with the apparent intent of killing her. The craggy site of an old quarry, a tunnel in this canyon was also used as the entrance to the ] in the 1960s '']'' television series, and in numerous other shows. The natural "cave" walls are preserved by the many layers of paint used to make them look like rock.{{citation needed|date=December 2012}}
*] The ], which sits atop the southern slope of Mount Hollywood, was featured prominently in the classic '']'' (1955). A bronze bust of the film's star ] is on the grounds just outside the dome. Other movies filmed here include '']'' (1984), Disney's '']'' (1991), Stephen Sommer's film '']'' (2004), '']'' (2008), and '']'' (2016). The area of the park around the Observatory also appears as a location in the ] '']'' (2004), which is set in Los Angeles. Griffith Park and ] are significant in the '']'' episode "Future's End" (originally aired November 6, 1996). The crew are thrown into the past and Griffith Observatory discovers ''Voyager''. The tunnel was also used in the 1960s spy television series '']''.
*The Griffith Park Carousel, opened in 1929 was the carousel that inspired Disneyland. Walt sat on one of the benches around the Carousel, and while watching his kids dreamed up Disneyland. The Carousel is still open, and enriched with history.
* Films:
** ] (no relation to the eponym of Griffith Park) filmed the battle scenes for his epic '']'' in the park in 1915, as ] detailed in her memoirs, ''The Movies, Mr. Griffith, and Me''.{{citation needed|date=December 2012}}
**It was used for the road scenes in '']'' (1950).
**The climactic scenes of '']'' (1958) were shot at ].
** The Travel Town Museum's Griffith Park & Southern Railroad appears in the miniature train scene in '']'' (1974).
**The tunnel was used as the entrance to the NORAD complex in ] (1983).
**It was used as a location in the first two '']'' movies. In the first movie (released in 1985) it was used for Marty McFly's starting point when accelerating to {{convert|88|mi/h|km/h|0|abbr=on}} in the film's climax, and in the second movie (released in 1989) it was used for the "River Road Tunnel" scene when Marty was trying to get the almanac back from Biff Tannen.
**The tunnel was also featured in a scene in '']'' (1987).
**The same tunnel was used as the entrance to Toontown in '']'' (1988).
**The park was also featured in the ] movie '']'' (1993).
**Roads within the park were used to stand in for Pacific coastal roads in '']'' (2001).
**The area around the observatory is used extensively in '']'' (2016).
*Music:
** The park was the location for ]'s music video for his single, "If I Had You".
** Griffith Park was the location used in ]'s music video "]".
**The silver Trans Am in the ] music video for ] is seen driving out of the tunnel just before the head-on crash.
*Television: ''], '']'', '']'', '']''
==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery mode=packed heights="160px">
<gallery mode="packed" heights="160">
File:Griffith Park welcome sign.jpg|Welcome sign at Griffith Park's northwest entrance
File:Griffith Park welcome sign.jpg|Welcome sign at Griffith Park's northeast entrance
Image:Downtown_LA_from_Griffith_Park.jpg|Griffith Park (south side) with the Downtown LA skyline in the background
Image:Griffith_Park_south_west_view.jpg|Sunset at Griffith Park, with aviewofwestLosAngeles.
File:Downtown LA from Griffith Park.jpg|Griffith Park (south side) with the Downtown LA skyline in the background
File:Griffith Park south west view.jpg|Sunset at Griffith Park, with a view of west Los Angeles.
Image:Toyon Landfill.jpg|], with San Fernando Valley to the north
File:Toyon Landfill.jpg|], with San Fernando Valley to the north
Image:Pote Field.jpg|Pote Field, on Crystal Springs Drive
File:Pote Field, Griffith Park, Los Angeles.jpg|Pote Field, on Crystal Springs Drive
File:Entrance to Light Festival, Griffith Park.jpg|Light Festival, 2009
File:Entrance to Light Festival, Griffith Park.jpg|Light Festival, 2009
Image:Golfing at Griffith Park, Los Angeles DSCN0103.JPG|Golfers at Wilson & Harding Course in Griffith Park (2013)
File:Golfing at Griffith Park, Los Angeles DSCN0103.JPG|Golfers at Wilson & Harding Course in Griffith Park (2013)
File:Griffith Park SW03.jpg|Railroad Museum
Image:Downtown LA from GP Obs.jpg|View of Hollywood from Griffith Observatory, Dec. 2010
File:Downtown LA from GP Obs.jpg|View of Hollywood from Griffith Observatory, Dec. 2010
File:Bee rock.jpg|Hikers climb the summit of Bee Rock in Griffith Park, Los Angeles.
File:AlhambraAirportAirfields CA LA E.jpg|1934 map with Griffith Park Aerodrome
File:Lonesome Pine, Burbank Peak.jpg|Lonesome Pine/Wisdom Tree on Burbank Peak
</gallery>
</gallery>
==See also==
==See also==
{{Portal|Los Angeles}}
{{Portal|Trains|Los Angeles|Greater Los Angeles|California}}
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
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=== Similar large municipal parks elsewhere ===
=== Similar large municipal parks elsewhere ===
* ], New York City, NewYork,U.S.
* ], Taipei, ] (])
* ], Stockholm, Sweden
* {{ill|zh|Da'an Forest Park|大安森林公園}} (article in Chinese), Taipei, ] (])
* ], San Francisco, California, U.S.
* ], Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
* ], Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
== Notes ==
{{NoteFoot}}
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="Vision 2014">{{Cite report|date=January 8, 2014 |title=A Vision for Griffith Park |url=https://www.laparks.org/griffithpark/pdf/agenda/visionPk.pdf |publisher=City of Los Angeles Department of Recreation and Parks}}</ref>
<ref name="CHC-2008-2724-HCM">{{Cite report|docket=CASE NO.: CHC-2008-2724-HCM |publisher=Cultural Heritage Commission |date=October 30, 2008 |title=Historic-Cultural Monument Application for the Griffith Park |url=https://planning.lacity.org/StaffRpt/CHC/10-30-08/CHC-2008-2724.pdf}}</ref>
* Los Angeles Times Photographic Archive (Collection 1429). UCLA Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library, University of California, Los Angeles.
{{Geographic location
{{Geographic location
|Center = Griffith Park
|Center = Griffith Park
|North = ]
|North = ]
|Northeast = ]
|Northeast = ]
|East = ]
|East = ]
|Southeast = ]
|Southeast = ]
|South = ]
|South = ]
|Southwest = ]<br>]
|Southwest = ]<br>]
|West = ]
|West = ]
|Northwest = '']''<br>'']''
|Northwest = '']''<br>'']''
}}
}}
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{{Japanese American internment camps}}
{{Japanese American internment camps}}
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Latest revision as of 07:04, 9 January 2025
Municipal park in the Los Feliz neighborhood of Los Angeles, California
For the baseball stadium in North Carolina, see Calvin Griffith Park.
It has been compared to Central Park in New York City and Golden Gate Park in San Francisco, but it is much larger, less tamed, and more rugged than either of those parks. The Los Angeles Recreation and Parks Commission adopted the characterization of the park as an "urban wilderness" on January 8, 2014. The park covers 4,310 acres (1,740 ha) of land, making it one of the largest urban parks in North America. It is the second-largest city park in California, after Mission Trails Preserve in San Diego, and the 11th-largest municipally-owned park in the United States.
History
Griffith donation
Griffith's entry in the San Quentin prison register
After successfully investing in mining, Griffith J. Griffith purchased Rancho Los Feliz (near the Los Angeles River) in 1882 and started an ostrich farm there. Although ostrich feathers were commonly used in making women's hats in the late 19th century, Griffith's purpose was primarily to lure residents of Los Angeles to his nearby property developments, which supposedly were haunted by the ghost of Antonio Feliz (a previous owner of the property). After the property rush peaked, Griffith donated 3,015 acres (1,220 ha) to the city of Los Angeles on December 16, 1896. It came with instructions: "Public parks are a safety valve of great cities...and should be accessible and attractive, where neither race, creed nor color should be excluded."
Griffith was tried and convicted of shooting and severely wounding his wife in a 1903 incident. When released from prison, he attempted to fund the construction of an amphitheater, observatory, planetarium, and a girls' camp and boys' camp in the park. As his reputation in the city was tainted by his crime, the city refused his money.
Los Angeles River at Griffith Park, c. 1898–1910
Griffith Park Aerodrome
In 1912, Griffith designated 100 acres (40 ha) of the park, at its northeast corner along the Los Angeles River, to be used to "do something to further aviation". The Griffith Park Aerodrome was the result. Aviation pioneers such as Glenn L. Martin and Silas Christofferson used it; afterwards the aerodrome was passed to the National Guard Air Service. Air operations continued on a 2,000-foot (600 m)-long runway until 1939, when it was closed, partly due to danger from interference with the approaches to Grand Central Airport across the river in Glendale, and because the City Planning commission complained that a military airport violated the terms of Griffith's deed. The National Guard squadron moved to Van Nuys, and the aerodrome was demolished, though the rotating beacon and its tower remained for many years. From 1946 until the mid-1950s, Rodger Young Village occupied the area which had formerly been the Aerodrome. Today that site is occupied by the Los Angeles Zoo parking lot, the Gene Autry Western Heritage Museum, soccer fields, and the interchange between the Golden State Freeway and the Ventura Freeway.
Expansion
Girls eating in the mess hall of Griffith Park Girls' Camp, c. 1920
Griffith set up a trust fund for the improvements he envisioned, and after his death in 1919 the city began to build what Griffith had wanted. The amphitheater, called the Greek Theatre, was completed in 1930, and Griffith Observatory was finished in 1935. Subsequent to Griffith's original gift, further donations of land, city purchases, and the reversion of land from private to public have expanded the park to its present size.
In December, 1944 the Sherman Company donated 444 acres (180 ha) of Hollywoodland open space to Griffith Park. This large, passive, eco-sensitive property borders the Lake Hollywood reservoir (west), the former Hollywoodland sign (north), and Bronson Canyon (east) where it connects into the original Griffith donation. The Hollywoodland residential community is surrounded by this land.
World War II
After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the Civilian Conservation Corps camp contained within Griffith Park was converted to a holding center for Japanese Americans arrested as "enemy aliens" before they were transferred to more permanent internment camps. The Griffith Park Detention Camp opened almost immediately after the Pearl Harbor attack, taking in 35 Japanese immigrants suspected of fifth column activity because they lived and worked near military installations. These men, mostly fishermen from nearby Terminal Island, were transferred to an Immigration and Naturalization Service detention station after a brief stay, but Issei internees arrested in the days and weeks following the outbreak of the war arrived soon after to take their place. Up to 550 Japanese Americans were confined in Griffith Park from 1941 to 1942, all subsequently transferred to Fort Lincoln, Fort Missoula and other DOJ camps.
On July 14, 1942, the detention camp became a POW Processing Center for German, Italian and Japanese prisoners-of-war, operating until August 3, 1943, when the prisoners were transferred elsewhere. The camp was changed to the Army Western Corps Photographic Center and Camouflage Experimental Laboratory until the end of the war.
Protest
On 17 March 1968, in Los Angeles, to protest entrapment and harassment by the Los Angeles Police Department, two drag queens known as "The Princess" and "The Duchess" held a St. Patrick's Day party at Griffith Park, a popular cruising spot and a frequent target of police activity. More than 200 gay men socialized through the day.
Fires
Aftermath of the 2007 fire. Both visible and infra-red wavelengths of light have been used to make this satellite image. Vegetation appears in various shades of green, while the burned areas appear charcoal.
Further information: 1933 Griffith Park fire
Hired as part of a welfare project, 3,780 men were in the park clearing brush on October 3, 1933, when a fire broke out in the Mineral Wells area in the northern part of the current park. Many of the workers volunteered or were ordered to fight the fire. In all, 29 men were killed and 150 were injured. Professional firefighters arrived and limited the blaze to 47 acres (19 ha).
On May 12, 1961, a wildfire on the south side of the park burned 814 acres (329 ha). It also destroyed eight homes and damaged nine more, chiefly in the Beachwood Canyon area.
Another fire occurred c. 1971 in the Toyon Canyon area. Repelled by the ugliness of the devastated area, Amir Dialameh replanted a portion of it himself by hand. Over the course of more than 30 years he tended the garden he built there, with the help of occasional volunteers. Amir's Garden is featured in Visiting... with Huell Howser episode 1306.
On May 8, 2007, a major wildfire burned more than 817 acres (331 ha), destroying the bird sanctuary, Dante's View, and Captain's Roost, and forcing the evacuation of hundreds of people. The fire came right up to one of the largest playgrounds in Los Angeles, Shane's Inspiration, and the Los Angeles Zoo, and threatened the Griffith Observatory, but left such areas intact. Several local organizations, including SaveGriffithPark.org, have been working since then with local officials to restore the park in a way that would benefit all. It was the third fire of the year. The city announced a $50 million plan to stabilize the burned slopes. The trees along Canyon Drive were allowed to grow back naturally, having been re-seeded by bird droppings.
Addition of Cahuenga Peak
One hundred acres (40 ha) around Cahuenga Peak were purchased with funds from a broad spectrum of donors, in addition to $1.7 million from the city, and added to the park in July 2010 bringing the park's total acreage to 4,310 acres (1,740 ha).
Griffith Park Zoo - closed in 1966 and now used as a hiking and picnicking area
Heritage tree: a pine tree in memory of Beatle George Harrison was planted in 2004 near the observatory. It died after a beetle infestation, and as of 2014, plans have been made to replace it.
The site of the Hollywood Sign on the southern side of Mount Lee is located on rough, steep terrain, and is encompassed by barriers to prevent unauthorized access. Local groups have campaigned to make tourist access to the sign difficult on grounds of safety, as the curving hillside roads in the area were not designed for so many cars and pedestrians. The Hollywood Sign Trust convinced Google and other mapping services to stop providing directions to the location of the sign, instead directing visitors to two viewing platforms, Griffith Observatory and the Hollywood and Highland Center. Another, less remote area from which the sign can be viewed is Lake Hollywood Park on Canyon Lake Drive.
A statue of a standing bear, created in 1976 by Noack Foundry based on the design of German sculptor Renée Sintenis originally created in 1932, is located in the park. Its plaque reads "To the people of the United States of America in gratitude for their aid, friendship and protection. Presented to our sister city, Los Angeles by the people of free Berlin". This is the same bear as that used to create the Golden Bear awards for the Berlin International Film Festival each year.
Other activities
Equestrian use of utility roads
Much of the park comprises wild, rugged natural areas with hiking and equestrian trails, and this terrain separates the park into many areas or "pockets" of activities. Within the various areas are concessions, golf courses, picnic grounds, train rides, and tennis courts. In 2014, two baseball fields were proposed on the east side of Griffith Park that would remove 44 trees and replace four acres (1.6 ha) of picnic area, the largest picnic area in the park that is often used for large family gatherings, cultural fairs and festivals, reunions, and other special occasions. The plan may be altered to spare a sycamore that has been designated by the city as a "heritage tree", a living artifact of Los Angeles history.
After its closure in 1966, the grounds of the Griffith Park Zoo were transformed into a recreation area. Some of the former animal enclosures were left in place, and picnic tables were installed.
The annual Bell-Jeff Invitational cross country race has been held in the park on the last Saturday in September since 1973.
Griffith Park is a popular hiking area. Orientation maps are located at the entrance to the parking lot near Griffith Observatory. A service road leads from the observatory to numerous hiking routs on and around Mount Lee; however, the immediate area where the Hollywood Sign is located is closed to the public since the area is home to the main communication tower for the City of Los Angeles. Hiking up to Wisdom tree on Cahuenga Peak from the South-western slopes of Mount Lee is accessible. Visitors are expected to comply with safety requirements, and must be prepared and equipped adequately.
The Mount Lee Drive approach to the Mount Lee summit.
Trails leading to the Hollywood Sign can be accessed from several official Griffith Park entrances. These include the Mt. Hollywood Trail, which can be accessed from the Griffith Observatory parking lot off Vermont Canyon Road or from Vermont Canyon Road just past the Greek Theater, the Bronson Canyon / Brush Canyon Trail (3200 Canyon Drive, Los Angeles, CA), and a number of trailheads that begin near the Griffith Park Visitors Center off Crystal Springs Drive in the Los Feliz section of Los Angeles (free trail maps are available at the Visitors Center). A once-popular trailhead originating at the top of Beachwood Drive was closed by court order in April 2017.
Mount Lee
Mount Lee's hiking trails and fire roads are part of Griffith Park; as such it's easy to get lost and be redirected. Maps of the trails and the land around the hills should be studied before attempting to hike the area for the first time.
Wildlife
An adult mountain lion, named P-22, inhabited the park from 2012 to 2022. An image of the cougar was captured on an automatic camera. P-22 is likely not the first mountain lion to have taken up residence in Griffith Park, although the duration of his stay was remarkably long. A mountain lion's body was found in Griffith Park sometime in 1996 or 1997, after being hit by a vehicle. Another mountain lion was sighted several times in Griffith Park in 2004 and rangers found evidence (including deer remains) to support its presence there.
An urban ecologist monitors wildlife within the park. The ecologist has also been conducting a raptor study in the communities surrounding the park through volunteers since 2017. Permanent signs on the Griffith Park Observatory deck warn of rattlesnakes in the surrounding area.
Urban coyotes abound in Griffith Park and are generally active at night. Park visitors report frequent sightings during the day and have had their dogs attacked by coyotes. Visitors are strongly discouraged from feeding Griffith Park coyotes including near "the base of Fern Canyon, where up to eight coyotes per day are present more or less continuously."
Much of the exposed rock in Griffith Park is marine or non-marine sedimentary rock of Neogene and Quaternary formations, including the Lower, Middle and Upper Topanga, as well as the Monterey and Fernando formations. Both inclined bedding and fossil-bearing strata are common. Also present is late Mioceneintrusive rock, generally strongly weathered and easily cleaved, as well as some dikes and purple and gray andesiticextrusive rock bodies. Faulting as well as clear contacts between rock bodies are also common.
Climate
Climate data for Griffith Park, Los Angeles, California
With its wide variety of scenes and close proximity to Hollywood and Burbank, various locations in the park have been used extensively in movies and television shows. Griffith Park was the busiest destination in Los Angeles for on-location filming in 2011, with 346 production days, according to a FilmL.A. survey. Projects included the TV series Criminal Minds and The Closer.
Some sites within the park that have appeared in media include:
Bronson Canyon, also called Bronson Caves, is a popular location for motion picture and television filming, especially of western and science fiction low-budget films, including Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956). The site was also used as the location for the climactic scene in John Ford's classic western, The Searchers (1956). The scene includes Ethan Edwards (John Wayne) cornering his niece Debbie (Natalie Wood) in one of the caves with the apparent intent of killing her. The craggy site of an old quarry, a tunnel in this canyon was also used as the entrance to the Batcave in the 1960s Batman television series, and in numerous other shows. The natural "cave" walls are preserved by the many layers of paint used to make them look like rock.
Views from Griffith Park The Griffith Observatory, which sits atop the southern slope of Mount Hollywood, was featured prominently in the classic Rebel Without a Cause (1955). A bronze bust of the film's star James Dean is on the grounds just outside the dome. Other movies filmed here include The Terminator (1984), Disney's The Rocketeer (1991), Stephen Sommer's film Van Helsing (2004), Yes Man (2008), and La La Land (2016). The area of the park around the Observatory also appears as a location in the role-playing video gameVampire: The Masquerade Bloodlines (2004), which is set in Los Angeles. Griffith Park and Griffith Observatory are significant in the Star Trek: Voyager episode "Future's End" (originally aired November 6, 1996). The crew are thrown into the past and Griffith Observatory discovers Voyager. The tunnel was also used in the 1960s spy television series Mission: Impossible.
The Griffith Park Carousel, opened in 1929 was the carousel that inspired Disneyland. Walt sat on one of the benches around the Carousel, and while watching his kids dreamed up Disneyland. The Carousel is still open, and enriched with history.
Films:
D.W. Griffith (no relation to the eponym of Griffith Park) filmed the battle scenes for his epic The Birth of a Nation in the park in 1915, as Lillian Gish detailed in her memoirs, The Movies, Mr. Griffith, and Me.
The Travel Town Museum's Griffith Park & Southern Railroad appears in the miniature train scene in The Parallax View (1974).
The tunnel was used as the entrance to the NORAD complex in WarGames (1983).
It was used as a location in the first two Back to the Future movies. In the first movie (released in 1985) it was used for Marty McFly's starting point when accelerating to 88 mph (142 km/h) in the film's climax, and in the second movie (released in 1989) it was used for the "River Road Tunnel" scene when Marty was trying to get the almanac back from Biff Tannen.
Rasmussen, Cecilia (1998). L.A. Unconventional: The Men and Women Who Did L.A. Their Way. Los Angeles: Los Angeles Times. pp. 54–55. ISBN978-1-883792-23-7. OCLC40701771.
^ Masumoto, Marie. "Griffith Park"Densho Encyclopedia. Retrieved 13 Jun 2014.
Witt, Lynn, Sherry Thomas and Eric Marcus (eds.) (1995). Out in All Directions: The Almanac of Gay and Lesbian America, p. 210. New York, Warner Books. ISBN0-446-67237-8.
Ferndell bridge, Griffith Park
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Welcome sign at Griffith Park's northeast entrance
Griffith Park (south side) with the Downtown LA skyline in the background
Sunset at Griffith Park, with a view of west Los Angeles.
Toyon Canyon Landfill, with San Fernando Valley to the north
Pote Field, on Crystal Springs Drive
Light Festival, 2009
Golfers at Wilson & Harding Course in Griffith Park (2013)
Railroad Museum
View of Hollywood from Griffith Observatory, Dec. 2010
Hikers climb the summit of Bee Rock in Griffith Park, Los Angeles.
1934 map with Griffith Park Aerodrome
Lonesome Pine/Wisdom Tree on Burbank Peak
Griffith Park
