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{{Short description|Korean Confucian scholar (1536–1584)}}
{{About|the 16th century Korean scholar|the DDG 992 ''Yulgok Yi I'' ship|King_Sejong_the_Great_class_destroyer#Ships_in_the_class{{!}}DDG 992 ''Yulgok Yi I''}} {{About|the 16th century Korean scholar|the DDG 992 ''Yulgok Yi I'' ship|ROKS Yulgok Yi I (DDG-992)}}
⚫ {{korean name|]}}
{{Redirect|I I|other uses|II (disambiguation)}}
[[File:Sitting_Yi_I.jpg|thumb|180px|Yi I}}
⚫ {{family name hatnote|]||lang=Korean}}
{{Infobox Korean name {{Infobox Korean name
| img = Sitting_Yi_I.jpg
| hangul=이이
⚫ | imgwidth = 180px
| hanja=]]
| rr=I I | hangul = 이이
| mr=Yi I | hanja = 李珥
| img= | rr = I I
| mr = I I
⚫ | imgwidth=250px
| hangulja=숙헌 | hangulja = 숙헌
| hanjaja=]] | hanjaja = 叔獻
| rrja=Sukheon | rrja = Sukheon
| mrja=Sukhŏn | mrja = Sukhŏn
| hangulho=율곡 | hangulho = 율곡
| hanjaho=]] | hanjaho = 栗谷
| rrho=Yulgok | rrho = Yulgok
| mrho=Yulgok | mrho = Yulgok
}} }}
'''Yi I''' ({{korean|hangul=이이|hanja=李珥}}, December 26, 1536 – 1584) was one of the two most prominent ]n ] scholars of the ], the other being his older contemporary, ] (Toegye).<ref>Daehwan, Noh. ''Korea Journal.'' Winter 2003.</ref> Yi I is often referred to by his ] '''Yulgok''' ("] valley"). He is not only known as a scholar but also as a revered politician and reformer.<ref name="yi i doosan">{{ko}} at ]</ref> He was academical successor of ]. '''Yi I''' ({{korean|이이|李珥}};<ref>{{cite web |title=Joya hoetong |url=http://yoksa.aks.ac.kr/jsp/aa/VolView.jsp?aa10no=kh2_je_a_vsu_20097_037&aa15no=037&aa20no=20097_037_0012 |access-date=2020-02-14 |publisher=Jangseogak Royal Archives}}</ref> 1536–1584) was a Korean philosopher, writer, and ] scholar of the ] period.<ref>Daehwan, Noh. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614035130/http://www.ekoreajournal.net/upload/html/HTML43412.html |date=June 14, 2011 }} ''Korea Journal.'' Winter 2003.</ref> Yi is often referred to by his ] '''Yulgok''' ("] valley"). He was also a politician<ref name="yi i doosan">{{in lang|ko}} at ]</ref> and was the academical successor of ].


== Life == == Biography ==
Yi I was born in ], ] in 1536. His father was a Fourth State Councillor (''jwachanseong'' 좌찬성) and his mother, ], the accomplished artist and ]. He was the grand nephew of ], ] 1549 to 1551.{{citation needed|date=January 2012}} early years he was learn of ], successor of ]. late years, It is said that by the age of seven he had finished his lessons in the ] classics, and passed the Civil Service literary examination at the age of 13. Yi I secluded himself in ] following his mother's death when he was 16 and stayed for 3 years, studying ]. He left the mountains at 20 and devoted himself to the study of ].<ref name="yi i aks">{{ko}} at The Academy of Korean Studies</ref><ref name="yi i ekc">{{ko}} at Encyclopedia of Korean Culture</ref> Yi was born in ], ] in 1536 into the {{Ill|Deoksu Yi clan|ko|덕수 이씨}}. His father was a Fourth State Councillor ({{Korean|hangul=좌찬성|rr=jwachanseong|labels=no}}) Yi Won-su, and his mother, ], was an accomplished artist and ]. He was the grandnephew of ], ] from 1549 to 1551.{{citation needed|date=January 2012}}


In his early years, he was a student of ], the successor of ]. It is said that by the age of seven he had finished his lessons in the ] classics, and passed the Civil Service literary examination at the age of 13. Yi secluded himself in ] following his mother's death when he was 16 and stayed for 3 years, studying ]. He left the mountains at 20 and devoted himself to studying ].<ref name="yi i aks">{{in lang|ko}} at The Academy of Korean Studies</ref><ref name="yi i ekc">{{in lang|ko}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610014537/http://100.nate.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?s=K&i=251870&v=44|date=2011-06-10}} at Encyclopedia of Korean Culture</ref>
⚫ He married at 22 and a half, went to visit ] at ] the following year. He passed special exams with top honors with a winning thesis titled ''Cheondochaek'' (hangul:천도책, hanja: 天道策, "Book on the Way of Heaven"), which was widely regarded as a literary masterpiece, displaying his knowledge of history and the Confucian ] of politics, and also reflecting his profound knowledge of ].<ref>Lee Eunjik(이은직) translated by Jeong Hongjun(정홍준), ''Great Joseon Masters'' Vol.2 (조선명인전 2) p35, Ilbit Publishing, Seoul, 2005. ISBN 89-5645-087-0</ref> He continuously received top honors on civil exams for a consecutive 9 times. His father died when he was 26.<ref name="yi i doosan"/> He served in various positions in government from the age of 29, and visited the ] as ''seojanggwan'' (hangul: 서장관, hanja: 書狀官, document officer) in 1568. He also participated in the writing of the ''] Annals'' and at 34, authored ''Dongho Mundap'', an eleven-article political memorial devoted to clarifying his conviction that a righteous government could be achieved.<ref name="Dongho Mundap">{{ko}} at ]</ref>


⚫ He married at 22, and visited ] at ] the following year. He passed special exams with top honors with a winning thesis titled {{Transliteration|ko|rr|Cheondochaek}} ({{Korean|hangul=천도책|hanja=天道策|labels=no|lit=''Book on the Way of Heaven''}}), which was widely regarded as a literary masterpiece, displaying his knowledge of history and the Confucian ] of politics, and also reflecting his profound knowledge of ].<ref>Lee Eunjik(이은직) translated by Jeong Hongjun(정홍준), ''Great Joseon Masters'' Vol.2 (조선명인전 2) p35, Ilbit Publishing, Seoul, 2005. {{ISBN|89-5645-087-0}}</ref> He continuously received top honors on civil exams for a consecutive 9 times. His father died when he was 26.<ref name="yi i doosan" /> He served in various positions in government from the age of 29, and visited the ] as {{Transliteration|ko|rr|seojanggwan}} ({{Korean|hangul=서장관|hanja=書狀官|labels=no|lit=document officer}}) in 1568. He also participated in the writing of the ''] Annals'' and at 34, authored ''Dongho Mundap'', an eleven-article political memorial devoted to clarifying his conviction that a righteous government could be achieved.<ref name="Dongho Mundap">{{in lang|ko}} at ]</ref>
⚫ Due to his vast experience in different offices over the years, Yi I was able to garner a wide vision of politics and with the deep trust of the king, became one of the central figures of politics by the time he was 40. His many documents and theses were presented to the royal court but when political conflicts escalated in 1576, his efforts proved fruitless and he returned home. Following his return, he devoted his time to studies and education of his disciples and authored several books.<ref name="yi i doosan"/>


⚫ Due to his vast experience in different offices over the years, Yi was able to garner a wide vision of politics and with the deep trust of the king, became one of the central figures of politics by the time he was 40. His many documents and theses were presented to the royal court but when political conflicts escalated in 1576, his efforts proved fruitless and he returned home. Following his return, he devoted his time to studies and education of his disciples and authored several books.<ref name="yi i doosan" />
⚫ He returned to office at 45 and while holding various minister positions, produced many writings which recorded crucial political events and showed his efforts to ease the political conflicts that were rampant at that time. However, ] was noncommittal in his attitude and it became difficult for Yi I to remain in a neutral position in the conflicts. He left office in 1583 and died the following year.<ref name="yi i doosan"/>


⚫ He returned to office at 69 and while holding various minister positions, produced many writings which recorded crucial political events and showed his efforts to ease the political conflicts that were rampant at that time. However, ] was noncommittal in his attitude and it became difficult for Yi to remain in a neutral position in the conflicts. He left office in 1583 and died the following year.<ref name="yi i doosan" />
⚫ According to legend, he had a pavilion built near the ford of the ] in his lifetime and instructed his heirs to set it ablaze when the king had to flee northward from Seoul, to provide a guiding beacon. This took place during Hideyoshi's invasions of Korea at the ].<ref>Choi Beomseo (최범서), ''Unofficial History of Joseon Vol. 2'' p52, Garam Publishing, Seoul, 2003. ISBN 89-8435-143-1</ref>

⚫ According to legend, he had a pavilion built near the ford of the ] in his lifetime and instructed his heirs to set it ablaze when the king had to flee northward from ], to provide a guiding beacon. This took place during Hideyoshi's invasions of Korea at the ].<ref>Choi Beomseo (최범서), ''Unofficial History of Joseon Vol. 2'' p52, Garam Publishing, Seoul, 2003. {{ISBN|89-8435-143-1}}</ref>


==Teachings== ==Teachings==
Yi I was not only known as a philosopher but also as a social reformer. He did not completely agree with the dualistic ] teachings followed by ]. His school of ] placed emphasis on the more concrete, material elements; rather than inner spiritual perception, this practical and pragmatic approach valued external experience and learning.<ref>Lee Hyun-hee, Park Sung-soo, Yoon Nae-hyun, translated by The Academy of Korean Studies, ''New History of Korea'' p393, Jimoondang, Paju, 2005. ISBN 89-88095-85-5</ref> Unlike ], who suffered through tumultuous times and did not enjoy being in politics, Yi I was an active official who thought it important to implement Confucian values and principles to government administration. He emphasized sage learning and self-cultivation as the base of proper administration.<ref name="yi i aks"/><ref name="yi i ekc"/> Yi was not only known as a philosopher but also as a social reformer. He did not completely agree with the dualistic ] teachings followed by ]. His school of ] placed emphasis on the more concrete, material elements; rather than inner spiritual perception, this practical and pragmatic approach valued external experience and learning.<ref>Lee Hyun-hee, Park Sung-soo, Yoon Nae-hyun, translated by The Academy of Korean Studies, ''New History of Korea'' p393, Jimoondang, Paju, 2005. {{ISBN|89-88095-85-5}}</ref> Unlike ], who suffered through tumultuous times and did not enjoy being in politics, Yi was an active official who thought it important to implement Confucian values and principles to government administration. He emphasized sage learning and self-cultivation as the base of proper administration.<ref name="yi i aks"/><ref name="yi i ekc"/>


Yi I is also well known for his foresight about ]. He proposed to draft and reinforce the army against a possible Japanese attack. His proposal was rejected by the central government, his worry was found to be well-founded soon after his death, during the ].<ref name="yi i ekc"/> Yi is also well known for his foresight about ]. He proposed to draft and reinforce the army against a possible Japanese attack. His proposal was rejected by the central government. He died afterwards, before the start of the ].<ref name="yi i ekc"/>


==Selected works== ==Selected works==
Yi I's published writings encompass 193 works in 276 publications in 6 languages and 2,236 library holdings.<ref>: </ref> These are some of Yi's published writings:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oclc.org/research/activities/identities/default.htm|title=WorldCat Identities|website=www.oclc.org|date=20 January 2022 }}</ref>
⚫ *''Questions and Answers at East Lake'' ({{Korean|hangul=동호문답|hanja=東湖問答|labels=no}}) - Eleven articles about political reform.<ref name="Dongho Mundap"/>
{{dynamic list}}
*''Memorial in Ten Thousand Words'' ({{Korean|hangul=만언봉사|hanja=萬言封事|labels=no}}) - Suggestions about Confucian learning, self-cultivation, and application to government administration.<ref>{{in lang|ko}} at ]</ref>
⚫ *''Questions and Answers at East Lake'' (hangul:동호문답, hanja:東湖問答) - Eleven articles about political reform.<ref name="Dongho Mundap"/>
*''Memorial in Ten Thousand Words'' (hangul: 만언봉사, hanja: 萬言封事) - Suggestions about Confucian learning, self-cultivation, and application to government administration.<ref>{{ko}} at ]</ref> *''The Essentials of the Studies of the Sages'' ({{Korean|hangul=성학집요|hanja=聖學輯要|labels=no}}) - Fundamentals of Confucian ethics, self-cultivation and statecraft.<ref>{{in lang|ko}} at ]</ref>
*''The Essentials of the Studies of the Sages'' (hangul: 성학집요, hanja: 聖學輯要) - Fundamentals of Confucian ethics, self-cultivation and statecraft.<ref>{{ko}} at ]</ref> *''The Secret of Expelling Ignorance'' ({{Korean|hangul=격몽요결|hanja=擊蒙要訣|labels=no}}) - Systematic guide of learning.<ref>{{in lang|ko}} at ]</ref>
*''The Secret of Expelling Ignorance'' (hangul: 격몽요결, hanja: 擊蒙要訣) - Systematic guide of learning.<ref>{{ko}} at ]</ref> *''Daily Records of Lectures before the Throne'' ({{Korean|hangul=경연일기|hanja=經筵日記|labels=no}}) - Record of political events and happenings.<ref>{{in lang|ko}} at ]</ref>
*''Daily Records of Lectures before the Throne'' (hangul: 경연일기, hanja: 經筵日記) - Record of political events and happenings.<ref>{{ko}} at ]</ref> *''The Complete Works of Yulgok'' ({{Korean|hangul=율곡전서|hanja=栗谷全書|labels=no}}) was compiled after his death on the basis of the writings he bequeathed.<ref>{{in lang|ko}} at ]</ref>

*''The Complete Works of Yulgok'' (hangul: 율곡전서, hanja: 栗谷全書) was compiled after his death on the basis of the writings he bequeathed.<ref>{{ko}} at ]</ref>
==Legacy==
⚫ ] note]]
⚫ Yulgongno, a street in central Seoul, is named after him,<ref>{{in lang|ko}} at ]</ref> and he is depicted on the ]n 5,000 ] note.<ref>{{in lang|ko}} at ] dictionary</ref> The ] pattern ] was also named in his honor. This is the pattern required to advance from 5th Kup Green Belt with Blue Tag to 4th Kup Blue Belt. The 38 movements of this pattern refer to his birthplace on the 38th degree latitude.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.taekwondo-information.org/yul-gok.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100602072451/http://www.taekwondo-information.org/yul-gok.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2010-06-02|title=Yulgok Taekwondo pattern}}</ref> The "Yulgok Project", a modernization project for the South Korean military, is named after him as well.<ref>Cha Yeonggu (차영구), ''Theory and Actuality of National Defense Policies'' (국방정책의 이론과 실제) p86, Oruem, Seoul, 2002. {{ISBN|89-7778-156-6}}.</ref>

==Family==
*Father: Yi Won-su ({{Korean|hangul=이원수|hanja=李元秀|labels=no}}; 1501–1561)
**Grandfather: Yi Cheon ({{Korean|hangul=이천|labels=no}})
*Mother: ] ({{Korean|hangul=신사임당|labels=no}}; 1504–1551)
**Grandfather: Shin Myeong-hwa ({{Korean|hangul=신명화|hanja=申命和|labels=no}})
**Grandmother: Lady Yi of the Yongin Yi clan ({{Korean|hangul=용인 이씨|hanja=龍仁 李氏|labels=no}})
* Siblings
** Older brother: Yi Seon ({{Korean|hangul=이선|labels=no}})
** Older sister: Yi Mae-chang ({{Korean|hangul=이매창|hanja=李梅窓|labels=no}}), Lady Yi of the Deoksu Yi clan
** Older brother: Yi Byeon ({{Korean|hangul=이번|labels=no}})
** Older sister: Lady Yi of the Deoksu Yi clan ({{Korean|hangul=덕수 이씨|hanja=德水 李氏|labels=no}})
** Younger sister: Lady Yi of the Deoksu Yi clan ({{Korean|hangul=덕수 이씨|hanja=德水 李氏|labels=no}})
** Younger brother: Yi Woo ({{Korean|hangul=이우|hanja=李瑀|labels=no}}; 1542–1609)
*Wife and children:
** Lady No of the ] ({{Korean|hangul=곡산 노씨|labels=no}}; ? – 1592)
*** Daughter: Lady Yi ({{Korean|hangul=이씨|labels=no}})
**** Son-in-law: ] ({{Korean|hangul=김집|hanja=金集|labels=no}}; 1574–1656)
***** Grandson: Kim Ik-hyeong ({{Korean|hangul=김익형|hanja=金益炯|labels=no}})
***** Grandson: Kim Ik-ryeon ({{Korean|hangul=김익련|hanja=金益煉|labels=no}})
* Concubines
** Lady Kim ({{Korean|hangul=김씨|labels=no}})
** Lady Yi of the Gyeongju Yi clan ({{Korean|hangul=경주 이씨|hanja=慶州 李氏|labels=no}})


==In modern culture== ==Popular culture==
* Portrayed by ] in the 2017 ] TV series '']''.
⚫ ] note]]
⚫ Yulgongno, a street in central ], is named after him,<ref>{{ko}} at ]</ref> and he is depicted on the ]n 5,000 ] note.<ref>{{ko}} at ] dictionary</ref> The ] pattern ] was also named in his honor. This is the pattern required to advance from 5th Kup Green Belt with Blue Tag to 4th Kup Blue Belt. The 38 movements of this pattern refer to his birthplace on the 38th degree latitude.<ref></ref> The "Yulgok Project", a modernization project for the South Korean military, is named after him as well.<ref>Cha Yeonggu (차영구), ''Theory and Actuality of National Defense Policies'' (국방정책의 이론과 실제) p86, Oruem, Seoul, 2002. ISBN 89-7778-156-6.</ref>


==See also== ==See also==
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*] *]
*] *]
*] *]
*]
*] *]


==Notes== ==Notes==
{{reflist}} {{reflist}}
{{Commonscat|Yi I}} {{Commons category|Yi I}}
{{wikisource|Author:Yi I}} {{wikisource|Author:Yi I}}


==References== ==References==
* Chung, Edward Y. J. (1995). ''The Korean Neo-Confucianism of Yi Tʻoegye and Yi Yulgok: a Reappraisal of the 'Four-Seven Thesis' and its Practical Implications for Self-Cultivation''<!-- pp 26-32 -->. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780791422755; ISBN 9780791422762; * Chung, Edward Y. J. (1995). ''The Korean Neo-Confucianism of Yi Tʻoegye and Yi Yulgok: a Reappraisal of the 'Four-Seven Thesis' and its Practical Implications for Self-Cultivation''<!-- pp 26-32 -->. Albany: State University of New York Press. {{ISBN|9780791422755}}; {{ISBN|9780791422762}};
* Daehwan, Noh. ''Korea Journal.'' Winter 2003. * Daehwan, Noh. ''Korea Journal.'' Winter 2003.
* Haboush, JaHyun Kim and ]. (1999). ''Culture and the State in Late Chosŏn Korea.'' Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674179820; * Haboush, JaHyun Kim and ]. (1999). ''Culture and the State in Late Chosŏn Korea.'' Cambridge: Harvard University Press. {{ISBN|9780674179820}};
* Lee, Peter H. (1993). ''Sourcebook of Korean Civilization,'' Vol. 1. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231079129; ISBN 9780231079143; ISBN 9780231104449; * Lee, Peter H. (1993). ''Sourcebook of Korean Civilization,'' Vol. 1. New York: Columbia University Press. {{ISBN|9780231079129}}; {{ISBN|9780231079143}}; {{ISBN|9780231104449}};


== External links == == External links ==
* *
* *
* *
* *


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Latest revision as of 04:20, 7 November 2024

Korean Confucian scholar (1536–1584) This article is about the 16th century Korean scholar. For the DDG 992 Yulgok Yi I ship, see ROKS Yulgok Yi I (DDG-992). "I I" redirects here. For other uses, see II (disambiguation). In this Korean name, the family name is Yi.
Yi I
Korean name
Hangul이이
Hanja李珥
Revised RomanizationI I
McCune–ReischauerI I
Art name
Hangul율곡
Hanja栗谷
Revised RomanizationYulgok
McCune–ReischauerYulgok
Courtesy name
Hangul숙헌
Hanja叔獻
Revised RomanizationSukheon
McCune–ReischauerSukhŏn

Yi I (Korean: 이이; Hanja: 李珥; 1536–1584) was a Korean philosopher, writer, and Confucian scholar of the Joseon period. Yi is often referred to by his art name Yulgok ("Chestnut valley"). He was also a politician and was the academical successor of Jo Gwang-jo.

Biography

Yi was born in Gangneung, Gangwon Province in 1536 into the Deoksu Yi clan [ko]. His father was a Fourth State Councillor (좌찬성; jwachanseong) Yi Won-su, and his mother, Shin Saimdang, was an accomplished artist and calligrapher. He was the grandnephew of Yi Gi, prime minister from 1549 to 1551.

In his early years, he was a student of Baek In-geol, the successor of Jo Gwang-jo. It is said that by the age of seven he had finished his lessons in the Confucian classics, and passed the Civil Service literary examination at the age of 13. Yi secluded himself in Kumgang-san following his mother's death when he was 16 and stayed for 3 years, studying Buddhism. He left the mountains at 20 and devoted himself to studying Neo-Confucianism.

He married at 22, and visited Yi Hwang at Dosan the following year. He passed special exams with top honors with a winning thesis titled Cheondochaek (천도책; 天道策; lit. Book on the Way of Heaven), which was widely regarded as a literary masterpiece, displaying his knowledge of history and the Confucian philosophy of politics, and also reflecting his profound knowledge of Taoism. He continuously received top honors on civil exams for a consecutive 9 times. His father died when he was 26. He served in various positions in government from the age of 29, and visited the Ming dynasty as seojanggwan (서장관; 書狀官; lit. document officer) in 1568. He also participated in the writing of the Myeongjong Annals and at 34, authored Dongho Mundap, an eleven-article political memorial devoted to clarifying his conviction that a righteous government could be achieved.

Due to his vast experience in different offices over the years, Yi was able to garner a wide vision of politics and with the deep trust of the king, became one of the central figures of politics by the time he was 40. His many documents and theses were presented to the royal court but when political conflicts escalated in 1576, his efforts proved fruitless and he returned home. Following his return, he devoted his time to studies and education of his disciples and authored several books.

He returned to office at 69 and while holding various minister positions, produced many writings which recorded crucial political events and showed his efforts to ease the political conflicts that were rampant at that time. However, King Seonjo was noncommittal in his attitude and it became difficult for Yi to remain in a neutral position in the conflicts. He left office in 1583 and died the following year.

According to legend, he had a pavilion built near the ford of the Imjin River in his lifetime and instructed his heirs to set it ablaze when the king had to flee northward from Seoul, to provide a guiding beacon. This took place during Hideyoshi's invasions of Korea at the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598).

Teachings

Yi was not only known as a philosopher but also as a social reformer. He did not completely agree with the dualistic Neo-Confucianism teachings followed by Yi Hwang. His school of Neo-Confucianism placed emphasis on the more concrete, material elements; rather than inner spiritual perception, this practical and pragmatic approach valued external experience and learning. Unlike Yi Hwang, who suffered through tumultuous times and did not enjoy being in politics, Yi was an active official who thought it important to implement Confucian values and principles to government administration. He emphasized sage learning and self-cultivation as the base of proper administration.

Yi is also well known for his foresight about national security. He proposed to draft and reinforce the army against a possible Japanese attack. His proposal was rejected by the central government. He died afterwards, before the start of the Imjin war.

Selected works

These are some of Yi's published writings:

  • Questions and Answers at East Lake (동호문답; 東湖問答) - Eleven articles about political reform.
  • Memorial in Ten Thousand Words (만언봉사; 萬言封事) - Suggestions about Confucian learning, self-cultivation, and application to government administration.
  • The Essentials of the Studies of the Sages (성학집요; 聖學輯要) - Fundamentals of Confucian ethics, self-cultivation and statecraft.
  • The Secret of Expelling Ignorance (격몽요결; 擊蒙要訣) - Systematic guide of learning.
  • Daily Records of Lectures before the Throne (경연일기; 經筵日記) - Record of political events and happenings.
  • The Complete Works of Yulgok (율곡전서; 栗谷全書) was compiled after his death on the basis of the writings he bequeathed.

Legacy

Yi on the currently circulating 5,000 won note

Yulgongno, a street in central Seoul, is named after him, and he is depicted on the South Korean 5,000 won note. The Taekwon-Do pattern Yul-Gok was also named in his honor. This is the pattern required to advance from 5th Kup Green Belt with Blue Tag to 4th Kup Blue Belt. The 38 movements of this pattern refer to his birthplace on the 38th degree latitude. The "Yulgok Project", a modernization project for the South Korean military, is named after him as well.

Family

  • Father: Yi Won-su (이원수; 李元秀; 1501–1561)
    • Grandfather: Yi Cheon (이천)
  • Mother: Shin Saimdang (신사임당; 1504–1551)
    • Grandfather: Shin Myeong-hwa (신명화; 申命和)
    • Grandmother: Lady Yi of the Yongin Yi clan (용인 이씨; 龍仁 李氏)
  • Siblings
    • Older brother: Yi Seon (이선)
    • Older sister: Yi Mae-chang (이매창; 李梅窓), Lady Yi of the Deoksu Yi clan
    • Older brother: Yi Byeon (이번)
    • Older sister: Lady Yi of the Deoksu Yi clan (덕수 이씨; 德水 李氏)
    • Younger sister: Lady Yi of the Deoksu Yi clan (덕수 이씨; 德水 李氏)
    • Younger brother: Yi Woo (이우; 李瑀; 1542–1609)
  • Wife and children:
    • Lady No of the Goksan No clan (곡산 노씨; ? – 1592)
      • Daughter: Lady Yi (이씨)
        • Son-in-law: Kim Jip (김집; 金集; 1574–1656)
          • Grandson: Kim Ik-hyeong (김익형; 金益炯)
          • Grandson: Kim Ik-ryeon (김익련; 金益煉)
  • Concubines
    • Lady Kim (김씨)
    • Lady Yi of the Gyeongju Yi clan (경주 이씨; 慶州 李氏)

Popular culture

See also

Notes

  1. "Joya hoetong". Jangseogak Royal Archives. Retrieved 2020-02-14.
  2. Daehwan, Noh. "The Eclectic Development of Neo-Confucianism and Statecraft from the 18th to the 19th Century," Archived June 14, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Korea Journal. Winter 2003.
  3. ^ (in Korean) Yi I at Doosan Encyclopedia
  4. ^ (in Korean) Yi I at The Academy of Korean Studies
  5. ^ (in Korean) Archived 2011-06-10 at the Wayback Machine at Encyclopedia of Korean Culture
  6. Lee Eunjik(이은직) translated by Jeong Hongjun(정홍준), Great Joseon Masters Vol.2 (조선명인전 2) p35, Ilbit Publishing, Seoul, 2005. ISBN 89-5645-087-0
  7. ^ (in Korean) Dongho Mundap at Doosan Encyclopedia
  8. Choi Beomseo (최범서), Unofficial History of Joseon Vol. 2 p52, Garam Publishing, Seoul, 2003. ISBN 89-8435-143-1
  9. Lee Hyun-hee, Park Sung-soo, Yoon Nae-hyun, translated by The Academy of Korean Studies, New History of Korea p393, Jimoondang, Paju, 2005. ISBN 89-88095-85-5
  10. "WorldCat Identities". www.oclc.org. 20 January 2022.
  11. (in Korean) Maneon Bongsa at Doosan Encyclopedia
  12. (in Korean) Seonhak Jibyo at Doosan Encyclopedia
  13. (in Korean) Gyeokmong Yogyel at Doosan Encyclopedia
  14. (in Korean) Gyeongyeon Ilgi at Doosan Encyclopedia
  15. (in Korean) Yulgok Jeonseo at Doosan Encyclopedia
  16. (in Korean) Yulgongno at Doosan Encyclopedia
  17. (in Korean) Money bill designs at Naver dictionary
  18. "Yulgok Taekwondo pattern". Archived from the original on 2010-06-02.
  19. Cha Yeonggu (차영구), Theory and Actuality of National Defense Policies (국방정책의 이론과 실제) p86, Oruem, Seoul, 2002. ISBN 89-7778-156-6.

References

External links

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