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'''Bark isolates''' have yielded the medicines ] (active metabolite of ]) and ] ('''Taxol'''). The pharmacology of ] isolates is an ongoing topic of medical research. '''Bark isolates''' are chemicals which have been extracted from ]. Prominent medical examples are ] (active metabolite of ]) and ] ('''Taxol'''). The ] of bark isolates is an ongoing topic of medical research.


{| class="wikitable" style="width: 70%; float: top; font-size: 90%; margin-left: 25px;" {| class="wikitable" style="width: 70%; float: top; font-size: 90%; margin-left: 25px;"
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! scope="col" width="80px" | Researched activity ! scope="col" width="80px" | Researched activity
|- |-
! ] & ]s ! ], ]s
| '']'' | '']''
| style="text-align: center;" | chemotherapeutic | style="text-align: center;" | chemotherapeutic
|- |-
! ] ! ]
| '']''<ref name="pmid24680370">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cai J, Chen S, Zhang W, Hu S, Lu J, Xing J, etal | title=Paeonol reverses paclitaxel resistance in human breast cancer cells by regulating the expression of transgelin 2. | journal=Phytomedicine | year= 2014 | volume= 21| issue= 7| pages= 984–91| pmid=24680370 | doi=10.1016/j.phymed.2014.02.012 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24680370 }}</ref> | '']''<ref name="pmid24680370">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cai J, Chen S, Zhang W, Hu S, Lu J, Xing J, etal | title=Paeonol reverses paclitaxel resistance in human breast cancer cells by regulating the expression of transgelin 2. | journal=Phytomedicine | year= 2014 | volume= 21| issue= 7| pages= 984–91| pmid=24680370 | doi=10.1016/j.phymed.2014.02.012 | url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24680370 }}</ref>
| style="text-align: center;" | various | style="text-align: center;" | various
|- |-
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| style="text-align: center;" | ], stimulant | style="text-align: center;" | ], stimulant
|- |-
! ]s & ]s ! ]s, ]s
| numerous | numerous
| style="text-align: center;" | ] | style="text-align: center;" | ]
|- |-
! ], ], ], cinnamon oil ! ], ], ]
| '']'' | '']''
| style="text-align: center;" | blood sugar stabilizer, antioxidant | style="text-align: center;" | blood sugar stabilizer, antioxidant
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| style="text-align: center;" | | style="text-align: center;" |
|- |-
! ] & other ] ] ! ], ] ]
| numerous species from Brazil, ], Taiwan | numerous species from Brazil, ], Taiwan
| style="text-align: center;" | ], ] modulator | style="text-align: center;" | ], ] modulator
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|- |-
! ] ! ]
| '']''<ref name="pmid16651429">{{cite journal| author=Yang H, Chen D, Cui QC, Yuan X, Dou QP| title=Celastrol, a triterpene extracted from the Chinese "Thunder of God Vine," is a potent proteasome inhibitor and suppresses human prostate cancer growth in nude mice. | journal=Cancer Res | year= 2006 | volume= 66 | issue= 9 | pages= 4758–65 | pmid=16651429 | doi=10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-4529 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16651429 }}</ref> | '']''<ref name="pmid16651429">{{cite journal|vauthors=Yang H, Chen D, Cui QC, Yuan X, Dou QP | title=Celastrol, a triterpene extracted from the Chinese "Thunder of God Vine," is a potent proteasome inhibitor and suppresses human prostate cancer growth in nude mice. | journal=Cancer Res | year= 2006 | volume= 66 | issue= 9 | pages= 4758–65 | pmid=16651429 | doi=10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-4529 | url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16651429 | doi-access= }}</ref>
| style="text-align: center;" | various | style="text-align: center;" | various
|- |-
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| style="text-align: center;" | ] | style="text-align: center;" | ]
|- |-
! ], ], ], ]<ref name="pmid23627124">{{cite journal| author=Lou KQ, Tang WZ, Wang XJ| title=. | journal=Zhong Yao Cai | year= 2012 | volume= 35 | issue= 10 | pages= 1605-7 | pmid=23627124 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23627124 }} </ref> ! ], ], ], ]<ref name="pmid23627124">{{cite journal|vauthors=Lou KQ, Tang WZ, Wang XJ | title=. | journal=Zhong Yao Cai | year= 2012 | volume= 35 | issue= 10 | pages= 1605–7 | pmid=23627124 | url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23627124 }}</ref>
| '']'' | '']''
| style="text-align: center;" | various | style="text-align: center;" | various
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| '']'', '']'' | '']'', '']''
| style="text-align: center;" | ] modulator | style="text-align: center;" | ] modulator
⚫ |-
! ]
| ''Nauclea latifolia''
| style="text-align: center;" | atypical ] ] with additional ] activities
|- |-
! ], ] ! ], ]
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| style="text-align: center;" | ] inhibitor | style="text-align: center;" | ] inhibitor
|- |-
! Incensole, ] ! ], ]
| '']'', '']'' | '']'', '']''
| style="text-align: center;" | incensole is a ] agonist | style="text-align: center;" | incensole is a ] agonist
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| style="text-align: center;" | ] component | style="text-align: center;" | ] component
|- |-
! ], ], ], ] ! ], ], ], ]
| '']'', '']'', '']'' | '']'', '']'', '']''
| style="text-align: center;" | component of ] medicine "Paashaanbhed" | style="text-align: center;" | component of ] medicine "Paashaanbhed"
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! Phenolic lactones ! Phenolic lactones
| '']'' | '']''
| style="text-align: center;" | component of ] traditional medicine | style="text-align: center;" | component of ]n traditional medicine
|- |-
! ] ! ]
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| style="text-align: center;" | Brazilian medicinal plant | style="text-align: center;" | Brazilian medicinal plant
|- |-
! Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory compounds ! Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory compounds
| '']'' (Guava tree) | '']'' (Guava tree)
| style="text-align: center;" | component of traditional medicine | style="text-align: center;" | component of traditional medicine
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| style="text-align: center;" | aromatherapy | style="text-align: center;" | aromatherapy
|- |-
! ], ], ], ] ! ], ], ], ]
| ] (''Commiphora'') | ] (''Commiphora'')
| style="text-align: center;" | component of Eastern-Mediterranean, Middle-Eastern, and North-African, traditional medicine | style="text-align: center;" | component of Eastern-Mediterranean, Middle-Eastern, and North-African, traditional medicine
⚫ |-
! ]s, piscidone
| ] (''Piscidia piscipula'')
| style="text-align: center;" | component of Caribbean traditional medicine
|- |-
|} |}


==See also== ==See also==
⚫ {{Portal|Trees}}
{{Columns-list|2| {{Columns-list|colwidth=30em|
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== Notes == == Notes ==
{{Reflist}} {{Reflist}}

⚫ {{Portal|Trees}}
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Latest revision as of 21:07, 28 August 2023

Cinnamon
Sandalwood
Myrrh
Frankincense

Bark isolates are chemicals which have been extracted from bark. Prominent medical examples are salicylic acid (active metabolite of aspirin) and paclitaxel (Taxol). The pharmacology of bark isolates is an ongoing topic of medical research.

Isolate Bark source Researched activity
Paclitaxel, taxanes Taxus chemotherapeutic
Paeonol Paeonia suffruticosa various
Honokiol, 4-O-methylhonokiol, magnolol, obovatol Magnolia neurotrophic & anti-inflammatory
Salicylic acid Salix alba antipyretic, analgesic
Yohimbine, corynanthine, ajmalicine, rauwolscine west African evergreen MAOI, stimulant
beta-carbolines, harmala alkaloids numerous MAOI
Cinnamon, camphor, cinnamaldehyde Cinnamomum blood sugar stabilizer, antioxidant
Quinine, quinidine, cinchonidine, cinchonine Cinchona antipyretic, analgesic, antimalarial
Safrole Sassafras
Huáng bǎi Amur cork tree (Phellodendron amurense) TCM
Strictamine Alstonia scholaris
Slippery Elm (Ulmus rubra) demulcent
Geniposidic acid Eucommia ulmoides
N-methyltryptamine, serotonin analogs numerous species from Brazil, Mexico, Taiwan serotonin agonist, neuroimmunologic modulator
Quassin Quassia amara various
Celastrol Tripterygium wilfordii various
Mitraphylline Cat's claw (Uncaria tomentosa) anti-inflammatory
Ellagic acid, rutin, gallic acid, ethyl gallate Ailanthus altissima various
Coronaridine, voacangine, ibogamine, ibogaine, tabernanthine Voacanga africana, Tabernanthe iboga neuroimmunologic modulator
Lapachol, quercetin Pau D'Arco (Handroanthus impetiginosus) therapeutic naphthoquinone
Icariin Eucommia PDE5 inhibitor
Baicalin Oroxylum indicum prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor
Frankincense, incensole Boswellia sacra, Boswellia incensole is a TRPV3 agonist
QS21 Quillaja saponaria (soap bark tree) potential immunologic adjuvant
Sandalwood oil, α-Santalol, β-Santalol Sandalwood (Santalum) Ayurvedic component
Bergenin, α-viniferin, ε-viniferin, diptoindonesin A Bergenia ligulata, Dryobalanops aromatica, Mallotus japonicus component of Ayurvedic medicine "Paashaanbhed"
Phenolic lactones Caesalpinia paraguariensis component of Bolivian traditional medicine
Erythravine Erythrina mulungu Brazilian medicinal plant
Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory compounds Psidium guajava (Guava tree) component of traditional medicine
Perfume resin Agarwood / Oud Wood aromatherapy
Opopanax, balsam, bdellium, bisabol Myrrh (Commiphora) component of Eastern-Mediterranean, Middle-Eastern, and North-African, traditional medicine
Rotenoids, piscidone Jamaican dogwood (Piscidia piscipula) component of Caribbean traditional medicine

See also

Notes

  1. Cai J, Chen S, Zhang W, Hu S, Lu J, Xing J, et al. (2014). "Paeonol reverses paclitaxel resistance in human breast cancer cells by regulating the expression of transgelin 2". Phytomedicine. 21 (7): 984–91. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2014.02.012. PMID 24680370.
  2. Yang H, Chen D, Cui QC, Yuan X, Dou QP (2006). "Celastrol, a triterpene extracted from the Chinese "Thunder of God Vine," is a potent proteasome inhibitor and suppresses human prostate cancer growth in nude mice". Cancer Res. 66 (9): 4758–65. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-4529. PMID 16651429.
  3. Lou KQ, Tang WZ, Wang XJ (2012). "[Study on chemical constituents from flowers of Ailanthus altissima]". Zhong Yao Cai. 35 (10): 1605–7. PMID 23627124.
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