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{{short description|Non-profit technology consortium to develop the Linux operating system}}
{{Infobox non-profit
{{Multiple issues|
| Non-profit_name = The Linux Foundation
{{More citations needed|date=June 2020}}
| Non-profit_logo = ]
{{Advert|date=March 2021}}
| Non-profit_type = ] organization
}}
| founded_date = {{start date and age|2007}}
{{Infobox organization
| founder =
| logo = Linux Foundation logo 2013.svg
| location = ]
| formation = {{start date and age|2000}}
| origins = ] & ]
| type = ] organization
| key_people = {{Unbulleted list|Jim Zemlin|Steve Westmoreland|Mike Woster|Nicko van Someren|Laura Kempke|]|Karen Copenhaver|Andy Updegrove|Angela Brown|Jennifer Cloer|Mike Dolan|Mark Hinkle|Chris Aniszczyk|Philip DesAutels|Dan Cauchy|Clyde Seepersad|Dan Kohn|]}}
| leader_title =
| area_served = Worldwide
| leader_name =
| focus = ]
| leader_title2 =
| method = Promotion, protection, and standardization of Linux by providing unified resources and services needed for open source to successfully compete with closed platforms.
| leader_name2 =
| revenue =
| leader_title3 =
| endowment =
| leader_name3 =
| num_volunteers =
| leader_title4 =
| num_employees =
| leader_name4 =
| num_members = ], and a multitude of Individual Members<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.linuxfoundation.org/about/members |title=Members |publisher=The Linux Foundation |date=2013-06-20 |accessdate=2013-06-29}}</ref>
| key_people =
| owner =
| volunteers =
| Non-profit_slogan =
| slogan =
| homepage = {{URL|http://www.linuxfoundation.org}}
| footnotes =
| dissolved =
| name = The Linux Foundation
| footnotes =
| logo_size =
| founder =
| purpose = ]
| headquarters = ], ], ]
| revenue =
| endowment =
| predecessor = {{ubl
| ]
| ]
}}
| employees = 150
| membership = 1,000+ corporate members<ref name="lfmemship">{{Cite news| url=https://www.linuxfoundation.org/membership/| title=Corporate Members – The Linux Foundation| work=The Linux Foundation| access-date=2018-06-24| language=en-US| archive-date=2017-12-06| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206074541/https://www.linuxfoundation.org/membership/| url-status=live}}</ref>
| website = {{Official URL}}
}} }}
]


The '''Linux Foundation''' ('''LF''') is a ] established in 2000 to support ] development and ] projects.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Anderson |first=Tim |title=Linux Foundation spends 20% more in 2021, adds LFX platform |url=https://www.theregister.com/2021/12/13/linux_foundation_spends_20_more/ |access-date=2023-09-10 |website=theregister.com |language=en |archive-date=2023-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803081735/https://www.theregister.com/2021/12/13/linux_foundation_spends_20_more/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
The '''Linux Foundation''' ('''LF''') is a ] technology ] chartered to promote, protect and advance ] and collaborative development. Founded in 2007 by the merger of the ] (OSDL) and the ] (FSG), the Linux Foundation sponsors the work of Linux creator ] and is supported by leading Linux and open source companies, including prominent technology corporations such as ], ],<ref>{{cite web|last=Bort |first=Julie |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/hp-platinum-member-linux-foundation-2012-11/ |title=Hewlett-Packard Plunks Down $500,000 To Help Linux—And Maybe Send Microsoft A Signal |publisher=Business Insider |date=2012-11-05 |accessdate=2013-11-13}}</ref> ], ], ], ], ] and ],<ref>{{cite web|last=Latif |first=Lawrence |url=http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/2182438/samsung-takes-seat-intel-ibm-linux-foundation |title=Samsung takes a seat with Intel and IBM at the Linux Foundation |publisher=The Inquirer |date=2012-06-06 |accessdate=2013-11-13}}</ref> and developers from around the world. In recent years, The Linux Foundation has expanded its services through events, training and certification and Collaborative Projects. Examples of Collaborative Projects at Linux Foundation include OpenDaylight, Open Platform for NFV (OPNFV), AllSeen Alliance, Cloud Foundry and Node.js Foundation.


== Background ==
The Linux Foundation promotes,<ref></ref> protects,<ref></ref> and standardizes<ref></ref> Linux "by providing a comprehensive set of services to compete effectively with closed platforms."<ref></ref>
The Linux Foundation started as ] in 2000 to standardize and promote the open-source operating system kernel ]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Martens |first=China |date=2007-01-22 |title=OSDL, Free Standards Group to merge |url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2817625/osdl--free-standards-group-to-merge.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803013612/https://www.computerworld.com/article/2817625/osdl--free-standards-group-to-merge.html |archive-date=2023-08-03 |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=Computerworld |language=en}}</ref> It merged with ] in 2007. The foundation has since evolved to promote open-source projects beyond the Linux OS as a "foundation of foundations" that hosts a variety of projects spanning topics such as ], networking, ], and hardware.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Linux Foundation: It's not just the Linux operating system – Linux Foundation |url=https://www.linuxfoundation.org/blog/blog/the-linux-foundation-its-not-just-the-linux-operating-system |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=linuxfoundation.org |language=en |archive-date=2023-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803035340/https://www.linuxfoundation.org/blog/blog/the-linux-foundation-its-not-just-the-linux-operating-system |url-status=live }}</ref> The foundation also hosts annual educational events among the Linux community, including the ] and the ].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-09-03|title=The Linux Foundation became a force in enterprise tech. Is that a problem?|url=https://www.protocol.com/linux-foundation-open-source-enterprise|access-date=2020-10-19|website=Protocol|language=en|archive-date=2020-10-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019135714/https://www.protocol.com/linux-foundation-open-source-enterprise|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.eweek.com/enterprise-apps/linux-goes-to-hollywood-for-inaugural-open-source-summit |title=Linux Goes to Hollywood for Inaugural Open Source Summit |work=eWEEK |access-date=2017-09-25 |language=en-US}}</ref>


== History == == Projects ==
{{As of|2015|9}}, the total economic value of the development costs of Linux Foundation Collaborative Projects was estimated at $5 billion.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSnMKWsd3zWa+1c2+MKW20150930 |title=The Linux Foundation Releases First-Ever Value of Collaborative Development Report |date=2015-09-30 |work=Reuters |access-date=2016-03-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314160005/http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSnMKWsd3zWa+1c2+MKW20150930 |archive-date=2016-03-14}}</ref>


{| class="wikitable sortable"
The origin of The Linux Foundation can be traced back to 2000 when the Open Source Development Labs (OSDL) was founded. OSDL was a non-profit organization supported by a global consortium that aimed to "accelerate the deployment of Linux for enterprise computing" and "to be the recognized center-of-gravity for the Linux industry."<ref>{{Cite journal|title=OSDL|url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/OSDL|journal=The Free Dictionary}}</ref>
|-
! Project Name
! Description
|-
| ]
| AllJoyn is an open-source software framework that allows compatible devices and applications to find each other, communicate, and collaborate across the boundaries of product category, platform, brand, and connection type.
|-
| Automotive Grade Linux
| Automotive Grade Linux is a collaborative open-source project developing a Linux-based, open platform for the connected car that can serve as the ''de facto'' standard for the industry. Although initially focused on ] (IVI), the AGL roadmap includes instrument clusters, heads-up displays, telematics, and autonomous driving.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.automotivelinux.org/announcements/2016/06/11/automotive-grade-linux-releases-unified-code-base-2-0 |title=Automotive Grade Linux Releases Unified Code Base 2.0 |date=2016-06-11 |access-date=22 June 2017 |archive-date=2017-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706002737/https://www.automotivelinux.org/announcements/2016/06/11/automotive-grade-linux-releases-unified-code-base-2-0 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{better source needed|date=August 2023}} The goals of AGL are to provide:
* An automotive-focused core Linux operating system stack that meets common and shared requirements of the automotive ecosystem
* A transparent, collaborative, and open environment for Automotive OEMs, Tier One suppliers, and their semiconductor and software vendors to create in-vehicle software
* A collective voice for working with other open-source projects and developing new open-source solutions
* An embedded Linux distribution that enables rapid prototyping for developers new to Linux or teams with prior open source experience<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.autoblog.com/2017/01/06/automotive-grade-linux-connected-car-backbone/ |title=Automotive Grade Linux will be the backbone of your connected car |last=Counts |first=Reese |website=Autoblog |date=6 January 2017 |access-date=5 April 2017 |archive-date=17 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417090855/http://www.autoblog.com/2017/01/06/automotive-grade-linux-connected-car-backbone/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| Carrier Grade Linux
| Carrier Grade Linux is a set of specifications that detail standards of ], ], manageability, and ] which must be met for ]-based operating system to be considered ].
|-
| ]
| Cloud Foundry is an open-source, multi-cloud application ] governed by the Cloud Foundry Foundation.
|-
| ]
| The Cloud Native Computing Foundation was founded in 2015 to help advance ] and align the tech industry around its evolution.
|-
| ]
| The Continuous Delivery Foundation is an open-source community improving the world's ability to deliver software with security and speed.
|-
| ]
| The Core Infrastructure Initiative was announced on 25 April 2014 in the wake of the ] security vulnerability to fund and support ] projects that are critical to the functioning of the Internet.
|-
| ]
| The Data Plane Development Kit provides a set of libraries and network interface controller polling-mode drivers to accelerate ] architecture-running packet processing workloads.
|-
| EdgeX Foundry
|EdgeX Foundry is a vendor-neutral open-source platform providing a common framework for industrial ] ].
|-
| FinOps Foundation
| The FinOps Foundation is dedicated to advancing people who practice the discipline of cloud financial management through best practices, education, and standards.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-02-05|title=About the FinOps Foundation|url=https://www.finops.org/about/|access-date=2024-02-05|website=FinOps Foundation|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| ]
| FRRouting is an IP routing protocol suite for Unix and Linux platforms.
|-
| ]
| The Hyperledger project is a global, open-source effort based on advancing cross-industry blockchain technologies.
|-
| ]
| The IoTivity is an open-source framework created to standardize inter-device connections for the IoT.
|-
| ]
| JanusGraph is an open-source, ] supporting global graph data analytics, reporting, and ].
|-
|LF AI & Data
| The LF AI & Data Foundation is a project of The Linux Foundation that supports open-source innovation in artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning, and data open-source projects.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LFAI & Data – Linux Foundation Project |url=https://lfaidata.foundation/ |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=lfaidata.foundation |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029201117/https://lfaidata.foundation/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| ]
| The Linux Standard Base was a joint project by several ] to standardize the software system structure.
|-
| ]
| Open Network Operating System is an open-source community to brings ] to communications service providers to make networks more agile for mobile and data center applications.
|-
| ]
| OpenAPI Specification is a ] for a ] ] for describing, producing, consuming and visualizing ].
|-
| ]
| The ] project is a collaborative open-source project whose goal is to produce an open-source implementation of the ]s (BMC) Firmware Stack.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.linuxfoundation.org/projects/ |title=Open Source Projects |website=The Linux Foundation |language=en-US |access-date=2019-02-21 |archive-date=2020-09-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200916033141/https://www.linuxfoundation.org/projects/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=GitHub – openbmc/openbmc: OpenBMC Distribution. |date=2019-02-20 |url=https://github.com/openbmc/openbmc |publisher=openbmc |access-date=2019-02-21 |archive-date=2019-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213004653/https://github.com/openbmc/openbmc |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| OpenChain
| The OpenChain Project aims to define effective open-source software compliance in software supply chains. A key output is the ] standard.
|-
| ]
| In 2015, Docker & CoreOS launched the ] in partnership with The Linux Foundation to create a set of industry standards in the open around container formats and runtime.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://github.com/opencontainers |title=Open Container Initiative |website=GitHub |language=en |access-date=2017-05-19 |archive-date=2017-04-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170407072447/https://github.com/opencontainers |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| ]
| The OpenDaylight project is an open-source platform for Software-Defined Networking (SDN) that uses open protocols to provide centralized, programmatic control and network device monitoring. It aims to accelerate the adoption of SDN and Network Functions Virtualization in service providers, enterprises, and research networks.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 28, 2024 |title=OpenDaylight About |url=https://www.opendaylight.org/about |access-date=May 28, 2024 |website=OpenDaylight}}</ref>
|-
| ]
| OpenJS Foundation hosts projects and funds activities to support the long-term sustainability of the JavaScript and web ecosystem as a whole.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 28, 2024 |title=About the OpenJS Foundation |url=https://openjsf.org/about |access-date=May 28, 2024 |website=OpenJS Foundation}}</ref>
|-
| ]
| The Open Source Security Foundation (OpenSSF) works towards a collaborative effort to improve the security of the ] ecosystem.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Google, Microsoft, GitHub, and Others Join the Open Source Security Foundation |url=https://www.infoq.com/news/2020/08/open-source-security-foundation/ |access-date=2023-06-04 |website=InfoQ |language=en |archive-date=2023-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602052918/https://www.infoq.com/news/2020/08/open-source-security-foundation/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| ]
| The Open Mainframe Project is a Collaborative Project to encourage the use of Linux-based operating systems and open-source software on mainframe computers.
|-
| OpenPrinting
| OpenPrinting develops IPP-based printing technology for Linux- and Unix-based operating systems.
|-
| ]
| Originally created at Nicira before moving to VMware (and eventually the Linux Foundation), OvS is an open source virtual switch supporting standard management interfaces and protocols.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.sdxcentral.com/articles/news/open-vswitch-moves-vmware-linux-foundation/2016/08/ |title=Open vSwitch Moves From VMware to Linux Foundation |date=2016-08-09 |work=SDxCentral |access-date=2017-05-19 |language=en-US |archive-date=2018-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120095642/https://www.sdxcentral.com/articles/news/open-vswitch-moves-vmware-linux-foundation/2016/08/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| ]
| The Open Network Automation Platform is the result of OPEN-O and Open ECOMP projects merging in April 2017. The platform allows end users to design, manage, and automate services and virtual functions.
|-
| ]
| The Open Platform for ] (NFV) "aims to be a carrier-grade, integrated platform that introduces new products and services to the industry more quickly."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.sdxcentral.com/nfv/definitions/opnfv/ |title=What is OPNFV or Open Platform for NFV Project? |work=SDxCentral |access-date=2017-05-23 |language=en-US |archive-date=2019-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202221938/https://www.sdxcentral.com/nfv/definitions/opnfv/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2016, the project began an internship program, created a working group and an "End User Advisory Group"
|-
| ]
| In mid-December 2022, the foundation announced the launch of a new mapping collaboration, the ]. Its founding members were ] (AWS), ], ] and ].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sawers |first=Paul |date=2022-12-15 |title=Meta, Microsoft, AWS and TomTom launch the Overture Maps Foundation to develop interoperable open map data |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/meta-microsoft-aws-and-tomtom-launch-the-overture-maps-foundation-to-develop-interoperable-open-map-data/ar-AA15iVuh |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=MSN |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221216093837/https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/meta-microsoft-aws-and-tomtom-launch-the-overture-maps-foundation-to-develop-interoperable-open-map-data/ar-AA15iVuh |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Plumb |first=Taryn |date=2022-12-15 |title=Creating the ultimate smart map with new map data initiative launched by Linux Foundation |url=https://venturebeat.com/virtual/creating-the-ultimate-smart-map-with-new-map-data-initiative-launched-by-linux-foundation/ |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=VentureBeat |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221216093840/https://venturebeat.com/virtual/creating-the-ultimate-smart-map-with-new-map-data-initiative-launched-by-linux-foundation/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Linux Foundation Announces Overture Maps Foundation to Build Interoperable Open Map Data |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/linux-foundation-announces-overture-maps-110000418.html |access-date=2022-12-16 |newspaper=Yahoo Finance |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221216093833/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/linux-foundation-announces-overture-maps-110000418.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It is intended to be complementary to the crowdsourced ] project and the foundation encourages members to contribute data directly to OSM.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FAQ – Overture Maps Foundation |url=https://overturemaps.org/resources/faq/ |access-date=2022-12-16 |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221216095116/https://overturemaps.org/resources/faq/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| ]
| The PyTorch Foundation <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.linuxfoundation.org/blog/pytorch-foundation-the-first-six-months#:~:text=PyTorch%20Foundation%20Team%20%7C%2030%20March,Meta%2C%20Microsoft%2C%20and%20NVIDIA.|title=PyTorch Foundation the First Six Months|access-date=2024-09-18|archive-date=2023-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330161700/https://www.linuxfoundation.org/blog/pytorch-foundation-the-first-six-months|url-status=live}}</ref> Originally incubated by Meta’s AI team, PyTorch has grown to include a massive community of contributors and users under their community-focused stewardship.
|-
| ]
| After RethinkDB announced its shutdown as a business,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.defstartup.org/2017/01/18/why-rethinkdb-failed.html |title=RethinkDB: why we failed |website=defstartup.org |language=en |access-date=2017-05-30 |archive-date=2017-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170530012158/http://www.defstartup.org/2017/01/18/why-rethinkdb-failed.html |url-status=live }}</ref> the Linux Foundation announced that it had purchased the intellectual property under its Cloud Native Computing Foundation project, which was then relicensed under the Apache License (ASLv2).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Asay |first=Matt |url=http://www.infoworld.com/article/3166091/open-source-tools/rethinkdb-finds-a-new-home-at-the-linux-foundation.html |title=RethinkDB finds a new home at the Linux Foundation |work=InfoWorld |access-date=2017-05-30 |language=en |archive-date=2017-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170529213555/http://www.infoworld.com/article/3166091/open-source-tools/rethinkdb-finds-a-new-home-at-the-linux-foundation.html? |url-status=live }}</ref> RethinkDB describes itself as "the first open-source, scalable JSON database built from the ground up for the realtime web."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rethinkdb.com/faq/ |title=Frequently asked questions – RethinkDB |website=rethinkdb.com |access-date=2017-05-30 |archive-date=2017-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626044835/https://www.rethinkdb.com/faq/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| ]
| The RISC-V International association<ref>{{cite web|url=https://riscv.org/|title=RISC-V International|access-date=2020-12-31|archive-date=2023-01-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124211108/https://riscv.org/|url-status=live}}</ref> is chartered to standardize and promote the open RISC-V instruction set architecture together with its hardware and software ecosystem for use in all computing devices.
|-
| ]
| ] is the only ] in existence which has been developed using ] techniques. It belongs to the ] and was, like the other L4 microkernels, designed to attain great security and performance.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.linuxfoundation.org/press-release/2020/04/sel4-microkernel-optimized-for-security-gets-support-of-linux-foundation/ |title=seL4 Microkernel Optimized for Security Gets Support of Linux Foundation |date=7 April 2020 |access-date=2021-01-22 |archive-date=2016-03-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315212902/https://www.nicta.com.au/category/research/media-releases/secure-operating-system-developed-by-nicta-goes-open-source/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| ]
| The Software Package Data Exchange (SPDX) project was started in 2010, to create a standard format for communicating the components, licenses, and copyrights associated with software packages.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.spdx.org/ |title=SPDX |access-date=2017-05-24 |archive-date=2017-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517023533/https://spdx.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref> As part of the project, there is a team that curates the SPDX License List, which defines a list of identifiers for commonly found licenses and exceptions used for open source and other collaborative software.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://spdx.org/license-list |title=SPDX License List |access-date=2017-05-24 |archive-date=2017-08-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830050810/https://spdx.org/license-list |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| ]
| Tizen is a free and open-source, standards-based software platform supported by leading mobile operators, device manufacturers, and silicon suppliers for multiple device categories such as smartphones, tablets, netbooks, in-vehicle infotainment devices, and smart TVs.
|-
| ]
| The TLA+ Foundation<ref>{{Cite web |title=Linux Foundation Announces Launch of TLA+ Foundation |date=April 21, 2023 |url=https://www.linuxfoundation.org/press/linux-foundation-launches-tlafoundation}}</ref> manages the development of TLA+. TLA+ is a formal specification language for modeling programs and systems, especially concurrent and distributed ones.
|-
| ]
| The Xen Project team is a global open-source community that develops the ] Hypervisor, and contributes to the Linux PVOPS framework, the Xen® Cloud Platform, and Xen® ARM.
|-
| ]
| The Yocto Project<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.yoctoproject.org/|title=Yocto project|access-date=2020-12-31|archive-date=2021-01-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106193909/https://www.yoctoproject.org/|url-status=live}}</ref> is an open source collaboration project that provides templates, tools and methods to help create custom Linux-based systems for embedded products regardless of the hardware architecture. It was founded in 2010 as a collaboration among many hardware manufacturers, open-source operating systems vendors, and electronics companies to bring some order to the chaos of embedded Linux development.
|-
| ]
| Zephyr is a small real-time operating system for connected, resource-constrained devices supporting multiple architectures. It was developed as an open-source collaboration project and released under the Apache License 2.0. Zephyr became a project of the Linux Foundation in February 2016.
|}


== Community stewardship ==
In 2003, Linus Torvalds, the creator of the freely available Linux operating system announced he would join the organization as an OSDL Fellow to work full-time on future versions of Linux.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnet.com/news/linux-lab-lands-torvalds/|title=Linux lab lands Torvalds|website=CNET|access-date=2016-04-14}}</ref>
For the Linux kernel community, the Linux Foundation hosts its IT infrastructure and organizes conferences such as the Linux Kernel Summit and the Linux Plumbers Conference. It also hosts a Technical Advisory Board made up of Linux kernel developers. One of these developers has been appointed to sit on the Linux Foundation board.


=== Goodwill partnership ===
In 2007, OSDL merged with the Free Standards Group, another organization promoting the adoption of Linux. At the time, Jim Zemlin, who headed FSG, took over as executive director of The Linux Foundation.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/22/technology/22linux.html|title=Group Formed to Support Linux as Rival to Windows|last=Lohr|first=Steve|date=2007-01-22|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2016-04-14}}</ref>
In January 2016, the Linux Foundation announced a partnership with Goodwill Central Texas to help hundreds of disadvantaged individuals from underserved communities and a variety of backgrounds get the training they need to start careers in Linux IT.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.techtimes.com/articles/124771/20160116/linux-for-everyone-goodwill-partnership-yields-exciting-scholarship-to-teach-you-new-skills.htm |title=Linux For Everyone! Goodwill Partnership Yields Exciting Scholarship To Teach You New Skills |date=2016-01-16 |website=Tech Times |access-date=2016-03-14 |archive-date=2016-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314160258/http://www.techtimes.com/articles/124771/20160116/linux-for-everyone-goodwill-partnership-yields-exciting-scholarship-to-teach-you-new-skills.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>


=== Community Specification ===
On September 11, 2011, The Linux Foundation's website was taken down due to a breach discovered 27 days prior, including but limited to all attendant subdomains of The Linux Foundation, such as Linux.com.<ref>{{cite web|last=Proffitt |first=Brian |url=http://www.itworld.com/it-managementstrategy/202179/linuxcom-linux-foundation-sites-breached |title=Linux.com, Linux Foundation Sites Breached |publisher=ITworld |date=2011-09-11 |accessdate=2013-06-29}}</ref> Major parts including OpenPrinting<ref>{{cite web|url=http://danieru.com/2011/10/13/openprinting-down-due-to-hack-at-the-linux-foundation/ |title=Openprinting down due to hack at the linux foundation &#124; Daniel Dressler |publisher=Danieru.com |date=2011-10-13 |accessdate=2013-06-29}}</ref> were still offline on October 20, 2011. The restoration was complete on January 4, 2012 (although one site, the Linux Developer Network, will not be restored).<ref>{{cite web|last=Proffitt|first=Brian|title=Linux Foundation sites back in action|url=http://www.itworld.com/it-managementstrategy/237829/linux-foundation-sites-almost-all-back-action|publisher=ITworld|accessdate=5 January 2012}}</ref>
In July 2020, the Linux Foundation announced an initiative allowing open-source communities to create Open Standards using tools and methods inspired by open-source developers.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-10|title=Linux Foundation launches Community Specification for creating standards and specifications|url=https://sdtimes.com/open-source/linux-foundation-launches-community-specification-for-creating-standards-and-specifications/|access-date=2020-07-13|website=SD Times|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-07-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713081226/https://sdtimes.com/open-source/linux-foundation-launches-community-specification-for-creating-standards-and-specifications/|url-status=live}}</ref>


=== Core Infrastructure Initiative ===
== Goals ==
The Core Infrastructure Initiative (CII), is a project managed by the Linux Foundation that enables technology companies, industry stakeholders, and esteemed developers to collaboratively identify and fund critical open-source projects in need of assistance. In June 2015, the organization announced financial support of nearly $500,000 for three new projects to better support critical security elements of the global information infrastructure.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.informationweek.com/cloud/infrastructure-as-a-service/linux-foundation-funds-internet-security-advances/d/d-id/1321044 |title=Linux Foundation Funds Internet Security Advances – InformationWeek |website=InformationWeek |date=25 June 2015 |access-date=2016-03-15 |archive-date=2016-03-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315100107/http://www.informationweek.com/cloud/infrastructure-as-a-service/linux-foundation-funds-internet-security-advances/d/d-id/1321044 |url-status=live }}</ref> In May 2016, CII launched its Best Practice Badge program to raise awareness of development processes and project governance steps that will help projects have better security outcomes. In May 2017, CII issued its 100th badge to a passing project.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.coreinfrastructure.org/news/blogs/2017/09/1000-projects-registered-cii-best-practice-badge-100-badges-granted-and-prizes |title=1,000 Projects Registered for the CII Best Practice Badge, 100 Badges Granted and Prizes!!! {{!}} Core Infrastructure Initiative |website=coreinfrastructure.org |language=en |access-date=2017-11-10 |archive-date=2017-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110225316/https://www.coreinfrastructure.org/news/blogs/2017/09/1000-projects-registered-cii-best-practice-badge-100-badges-granted-and-prizes |url-status=live }}</ref>
The Linux Foundation serves as a vendor-neutral spokesperson for Linux and generates original content that advances the understanding of the Linux platform. It also fosters innovation by hosting collaboration events among the Linux technical community, application developers, industry, and end users to solve pressing issues facing Linux. Through the Linux Foundation's community programs, end users, developers, and industry members collaborate on technical, legal, and promotional issues.


=== Community Data License Agreement (CDLA) ===
In order for Linux Kernel creator Linus Torvalds and other key kernel developers to remain independent, the Linux Foundation sponsors them so they can work full-time on improving Linux. The Linux Foundation also manages the Linux trademark, offers developers legal intellectual property protection, and coordinates industry and community legal collaboration and education.
{{See also|Open Database License}}

Introduced in October 2017,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vaughan-Nichols |first=Steven J. |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/open-sourcing-data-will-make-big-data-bigger-than-ever/ |title=Open-sourcing data will make big data bigger than ever |work=ZDNet |access-date=2017-11-11 |language=en |archive-date=2017-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026201245/http://www.zdnet.com/article/open-sourcing-data-will-make-big-data-bigger-than-ever/ |url-status=live }}</ref> the Community Data License Agreement (CDLA) is a legal framework for sharing data.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://cdla.io/faq/ |title=FAQ – CDLA |work=CDLA |access-date=2017-11-11 |language=en-US |archive-date=2017-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111205414/https://cdla.io/faq/ |url-status=live }}</ref> There are two initial CDLA licenses:
The Linux Foundation offers application developers standardization services and support that makes Linux an attractive target for their development efforts. These include: the ] (LSB) and the ].
* The CDLA-Sharing license was designed to embody the principles of ] in a data license. It puts terms in place to ensure that downstream recipients can use and modify that data, and are also required to share their changes to the data.

* The CDLA-Permissive agreement is similar to permissive open source licenses in that the publisher of data allows anyone to use, modify, and do what they want with the data with no obligations to share changes or modifications.
The Linux Foundation supports the ] by offering technical information and education through its annual events, such as the Linux Collaboration Summit, the ], and the general ] event inaugurated in September 2009.

The Linux Foundation also provides services to key areas of the Linux community, including an open source developer travel fund and other administrative assistance. Through its workgroups, members and developers can collaborate on key technical areas. There is also a training program that is vendor-neutral, technically advanced, and created with the actual leaders of the Linux development community.

== Projects ==

=== Automotive Grade Linux ===
Automotive Grade Linux (AGL) is a collaborative open source project developing a common, Linux-based software stack for the connected car.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://automotive.linuxfoundation.org |title=Automotive Grade Linux}}</ref> Automotive Grade Linux was announced September 16, 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://automotive.linuxfoundation.org/news/2012-09-16/announcing-automotive-grade-linux |title=Announcing Automotive Grade Linux |date=2012-09-16}}</ref> The community's first open source software release is available for download at the AGL wiki.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wiki.automotive.linuxfoundation.org |title=Automotive Grade Linux wiki}}</ref>


=== Linux.com === === Linux.com ===
{{Further|Linux.com}}
On March 3, 2009, the Linux Foundation announced that they would take over management of ] from its previous owners, ].
On March 3, 2009, the Linux Foundation announced that they would take over the management of ] from its previous owners, ].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Linux Foundation Acquires Linux.com {{!}} ConsortiumInfo.org|url=http://www.consortiuminfo.org/standardsblog/articles/linux-foundation-acquires-linuxcom|access-date=2020-10-19|website=Consortiuminfo.org Standards Blog|language=en|archive-date=2020-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023033315/http://www.consortiuminfo.org/standardsblog/articles/linux-foundation-acquires-linuxcom|url-status=live}}</ref>


The site was relaunched on May 13, 2009, shifting away from its previous incarnation as a news site to become a central source for Linux tutorials, information, software, documentation and answers across the server, desktop/netbook, mobile, and embedded areas. It also includes a directory of Linux software and hardware. The site was relaunched on May 13, 2009, shifting away from its previous incarnation as a news site to become a central source for Linux tutorials, information, software, documentation, and answers across the server, desktop/netbook, mobile, and embedded areas. It also includes a directory of Linux software and hardware.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Montalbano|first=Elizabeth|date=2009-03-03|title=Linux.com to get a makeover|url=https://www.networkworld.com/article/2264089/linux-com-to-get-a-makeover.html|access-date=2020-10-19|website=Network World|language=en|archive-date=2020-10-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019190828/https://www.networkworld.com/article/2264089/linux-com-to-get-a-makeover.html|url-status=live}}</ref>


Much like Linux itself, ] plans to rely on the community to create and drive the content and conversation. Much like Linux itself, ] plans to rely on the community to create and drive content and conversation.


=== Linux Videos === === Linux Foundation Public Health (LFPH) ===
In 2020 amidst the ], the Linux Foundation announced the LFPH,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lfph.io/|title=Linux Foundation Public Health (LFPH)|access-date=2020-12-31|archive-date=2020-12-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230215109/https://www.lfph.io/|url-status=live}}</ref> a program dedicated to advancing and supporting the virus contact tracing work led by ] and ] and their Bluetooth notification systems. The LFPH is focusing its efforts on public health applications, including the effort's first initiative: a notification app intended for governments wanting to launch their privacy-focused exposure notification networks. As of today, LFPH hosts two contact-tracing apps.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chan|first=Rosalie|title=The Linux Foundation wants to help combat COVID-19 with free, open-source apps to tell people when they've been exposed to the virus|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/linux-foundation-public-health-covid-19-contact-tracing-apps-2020-10|access-date=2020-11-02|website=Business Insider|archive-date=2020-11-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101190943/https://www.businessinsider.com/linux-foundation-public-health-covid-19-contact-tracing-apps-2020-10|url-status=live}}</ref>
The Linux Foundation hosts a Linux video forum where users, developers and vendors can create and share Linux video tutorials. It also includes videos from recent Linux Foundation events, as well as other industry forums. It is the home for the annual Linux Foundation Video Contest.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://video.linux.com/categories/20th-anniversary-of-linux-video-contest | title=20th Anniversary of Linux video Contest | publisher=Linux Videos | accessdate=August 31, 2014}}</ref> The Linux Foundation plans to add commissioned series of Linux video tutorials on ] in the months ahead.{{when|date=December 2015}}


=== Linux Developer Network === === LF Climate Finance Foundation ===
In September 2020, The Linux Foundation announced the LF Climate Finance Foundation (LFCF), a new initiative "to encourage investment in AI-enhanced open source analytics to ]."<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-04|title=Linux Foundation takes on climate change|url=http://linuxgizmos.com/linux-foundation-takes-on-climate-change/|access-date=2020-09-06|website=LinuxGizmos.com|archive-date=2020-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923165232/http://linuxgizmos.com/linux-foundation-takes-on-climate-change/|url-status=live}}</ref> LFCF plans to build a platform that will utilize open-source open data to help the financial investment, NGO, and academia sectors to help better model companies’ exposure to climate change.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-01|title=Sharing data to help launch the Linux Foundation Climate Finance Foundation|url=https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2020/09/01/open-data-climate-finance-foundation/|access-date=2020-09-06|website=Microsoft on the Issues|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-09-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200902175700/https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2020/09/01/open-data-climate-finance-foundation/|url-status=live}}</ref> ], Amazon, Microsoft, and ] will be the initiative's founding members.<ref>{{Cite web|date=September 2, 2020|first=Allen|last=Bernard|title=Linux Foundation commits to addressing climate change with data and analytics|url=https://www.techrepublic.com/article/linux-foundation-commits-to-addressing-climate-change-with-data-and-analytics/|access-date=2020-09-06|website=TechRepublic|language=en|archive-date=2020-09-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200905120729/https://www.techrepublic.com/article/linux-foundation-commits-to-addressing-climate-change-with-data-and-analytics/|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{Update|type=section|reason=LDN shut down, see http://www.itworld.com/it-managementstrategy/237829/linux-foundation-sites-almost-all-back-action|date=January 2012}}
The Linux Developer Network is an online community for Linux application developers and independent software vendors who want to start or continue to develop applications for the Linux platform.


=== LF Energy ===
The Linux Developer Network's goal is to empower developers to target the Linux platform. One of the ways the Linux Developer Network helps developers accomplish this is to help them build portable Linux applications. The Linux Developer Network also gives developers tools to create the best Linux apps possible, no matter which platform developers want to work with.
{{Main|LF Energy}}
] is an initiative launched by the Linux Foundation in 2018 to improve the ].<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://time.com/6162201/open-source-green-grid/|title=Harnessing Collective Action to Green the Grid|magazine=Time|access-date=2022-05-18|archive-date=2022-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518185727/https://time.com/6162201/open-source-green-grid/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.powermag.com/open-source-technology-benefits-transmission-and-distribution-operators/|title=Open-Source Technology Benefits Transmission and Distribution Operators|first=Aaron|last=Larson|newspaper=Power Magazine|date=June 10, 2021|access-date=May 18, 2022|archive-date=July 6, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706044117/https://www.powermag.com/open-source-technology-benefits-transmission-and-distribution-operators/|url-status=live}}</ref>


] at ] North America 2016]]
=== Training and Certification ===
=== Training and certification ===
The Linux Foundation Training Program features instructors and content straight from the leaders of the Linux developer community.
The Linux Foundation Training Program features instructors and content from the leaders of the Linux developer and open-source communities.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Vaughan-Nichols|first=Steven J.|title=Best Linux Foundation classes in 2020: Intro to Linux, Cloud Engineer Bootcamp, and more|url=https://www.zdnet.com/education/bootcamps/best-linux-foundation-classes-and-online-linux-courses/|access-date=2020-10-19|website=ZDNet|language=en|archive-date=2020-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104142624/https://www.zdnet.com/article/best-linux-foundation-classes-and-online-linux-courses/|url-status=live}}</ref>


Attendees receive Linux training that is vendor-neutral, technically advanced and created with the actual leaders of the Linux development community themselves. The Linux Foundation Linux training courses, both online and in-person, give attendees the broad, foundational knowledge and networking needed to thrive in their careers. Participants receive Linux training that is vendor-neutral and created with oversight from leaders of the Linux development community. The Linux Foundation's online and in-person training programs aim to deliver broad, foundational knowledge and networking opportunities.


In March 2014, the Linux Foundation and ] partnered to offer a free, massive open online class titled Introduction to Linux.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2105260/linux-foundation-to-offer-introductory-linux-mooc-on-edx.html |title=Linux Foundation to offer introductory Linux MOOC on edX |date=2014-03-05 |website=PCWorld |access-date=2016-03-10 |archive-date=2021-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129042539/https://www.pcworld.com/article/2105260/linux-foundation-to-offer-introductory-linux-mooc-on-edx.html |url-status=live }}</ref> This was the first in a series of ongoing free offerings from both organizations whose current catalogue of ] include Intro to DevOps, Intro to Cloud Foundry and Cloud Native Software Architecture, Intro to Apache Hadoop, Intro to Cloud Infrastructure Technologies, and Intro to OpenStack.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.edx.org/school/linuxfoundationx |title=LinuxFoundationX |date=2014-03-03 |work=edX |access-date=2017-04-25 |language=en |archive-date=2021-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115230856/https://www.edx.org/school/linuxfoundationx |url-status=live }}</ref>
In December 2015, The Linux Foundation introduced a self-paced course designed to help prepare administrators for the OpenStack Foundation’s Certified OpenStack Administrator exam.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rcrwireless.com/20151203/telecom-software/linux-foundation-moves-openstack-training-online-tag2|title=Linux Foundation moves OpenStack training online|website=RCR Wireless News|language=en-US|access-date=2016-03-10}}</ref>


As part of a partnership with Microsoft, it was announced in December 2015 that The Linux on Azure certification will be awarded to individuals who pass both the Microsoft Exam 70-533 (Implementing Microsoft Azure Infrastructure Solutions) and the Linux Foundation Certified System Administrator (LFCS) exam.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://betanews.com/2015/12/09/microsoft-linux-foundation-azure-certification/|title=Microsoft partners with The Linux Foundation for 'Linux on Azure' certification|website=BetaNews|access-date=2016-03-10}}</ref> In December 2015, the Linux Foundation introduced a self-paced course designed to help prepare administrators for the OpenStack Foundation's Certified OpenStack Administrator exam.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rcrwireless.com/20151203/telecom-software/linux-foundation-moves-openstack-training-online-tag2 |title=Linux Foundation moves OpenStack training online |date=2015-12-03 |website=RCR Wireless News |language=en-US |access-date=2016-03-10 |archive-date=2016-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310073708/http://www.rcrwireless.com/20151203/telecom-software/linux-foundation-moves-openstack-training-online-tag2 |url-status=live }}</ref>


As part of a partnership with Microsoft, it was announced in December 2015 that the Linux on Azure certification would be awarded to individuals who pass both the Microsoft Exam 70-533 (Implementing Microsoft Azure Infrastructure Solutions) and the Linux Foundation Certified System Administrator (LFCS) exam.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://betanews.com/2015/12/09/microsoft-linux-foundation-azure-certification/ |title=Microsoft partners with The Linux Foundation for 'Linux on Azure' certification |date=2015-12-09 |website=BetaNews |access-date=2016-03-10 |archive-date=2016-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310074811/http://betanews.com/2015/12/09/microsoft-linux-foundation-azure-certification/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
In March 2014, The Linux Foundation and edX partnered to offer a free massive open online class titled ''Introduction to Linux.''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2105260/linux-foundation-to-offer-introductory-linux-mooc-on-edx.html|title=Linux Foundation to offer introductory Linux MOOC on edX|website=PCWorld|access-date=2016-03-10}}</ref>


In early 2017, at the annual Open Source Leadership Summit, it was announced that the Linux Foundation would begin offering an Inclusive Speaker Orientation course in partnership with the National Center for Women & Information Technology. The course is designed to give participants "practical skills to promote inclusivity in their presentations."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.linuxfoundation.org/announcements/linux-foundation-and-national-center-for-women-information-technology-release |title=The Linux Foundation and the National Center for Women & Information Technology Release Inclusive Speaker Orientation Course for Events {{!}} The Linux Foundation |website=linuxfoundation.org |language=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426055931/https://www.linuxfoundation.org/announcements/linux-foundation-and-national-center-for-women-information-technology-release |archive-date=2017-04-26 |access-date=2017-04-25}}</ref>
=== Linux Standard Base ===
The ], or LSB, is a joint project by several ]s under the organizational structure of the Linux Foundation to standardize the software system structure, or ], used with ] ]. The LSB is based on the ] specification, the ], and several other open standards, but extends them in certain areas.


In September 2020, the Linux Foundation released a free ] training course with CNCF. It is taught by Alex Ellis, founder of OpenFaaS.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Learn About Serverless with The Linux Foundation on edX|url=https://www.i-programmer.info/news/150-training-a-education/13988-learn-about-serverless-with-cncf-and-the-linux-foundation-on-edx.html|access-date=2020-09-14|website=i-programmer.info|archive-date=2020-09-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919095214/https://www.i-programmer.info/news/150-training-a-education/13988-learn-about-serverless-with-cncf-and-the-linux-foundation-on-edx.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
According to the LSB:
{{quote|The goal of the LSB is to develop and promote a set of open standards that will increase compatibility among Linux distributions and enable software applications to run on any compliant system even in binary form. In addition, the LSB will help coordinate efforts to recruit software vendors to port and write products for Linux Operating System.}}


Among many other organizations with similar offerings, The Linux Foundation has reported a 40% increase in demand for their online courses in 2020 during the coronavirus pandemic and the resulting social-distancing measures.<ref>{{Cite web|date=March 27, 2020|first=Macy|last=Bayern|title=Enterprise eLearning: Uptick in education demand during coronavirus outbreak|url=https://www.techrepublic.com/article/enterprise-elearning-uptick-in-education-demand-during-coronavirus-outbreak/|access-date=2020-10-19|website=TechRepublic|language=en|archive-date=2020-10-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019153645/https://www.techrepublic.com/article/enterprise-elearning-uptick-in-education-demand-during-coronavirus-outbreak/|url-status=live}}</ref>
The LSB compliance may be certified for a product by a certification procedure.<ref>. The Linux Foundation (2006-10-20). Retrieved on 2014-05-23.</ref>

The LSB specifies for example: standard ], a number of commands and utilities that extend the POSIX standard, the layout of the file system hierarchy, ]s, the printing system, including ] such as ] and tools like ] and several extensions to the ].

=== Carrier Grade Linux ===
] (CGL) is a set of specifications which detail standards of availability, scalability, manageability, and service response characteristics which must be met in order for Linux kernel-based operating system to be considered "carrier grade" (i.e. ready for use within the telecommunications industry). The term is particularly applicable as telecom converges technically with data networks and commercial off-the-shelf commoditized components such as blade servers.

===OpenPrinting===
]

The ''OpenPrinting'' workgroup is a website belonging to the Linux Foundation which provides documentation and software support for printing under Linux.<ref>http://www.openprinting.org/printers</ref> Formed as ''LinuxPrinting.org'', in 2006 it became part of the ].

They developed a database that lists a wide variety of printers from various manufacturers. The database allows people to give a report on the support and quality of each printer, and they also give a report on the support given to Linux by each printer vendor. They have also created a ] (formerly cupsomatic) script which plugs into the ] (CUPS).


=== Patent Commons Project === === Patent Commons Project ===
The ''patent commons'' consists of all ]ed ] which has been made available to the ] community. For software to be considered to be in the ] the patent owner must guarantee that developers will not be sued for infringement, though there may be some restrictions on the use of the patented code. The concept was first given substance by ] in 2001 when it published its Patent Promise.<ref>{{cite web The ''patent commons'' consists of all ]ed ] which has been made available to the ] community. For software to be considered to be in the ] the patent owner must guarantee that developers will not be sued for infringement, though there may be some restrictions on the use of the patented code. The concept was first given substance by ] in 2001 when it published its Patent Promise.<ref>{{cite web
|author=DeKoenigsberg, Greg |author=DeKoenigsberg, Greg
| year=2005 |year=2005
| title=Building the patent commons |title=Building the patent commons
| url=http://www.redhat.com/magazine/004feb05/features/patents/ |url=http://www.redhat.com/magazine/004feb05/features/patents/
| accessdate=December 26, 2012 }}</ref> |access-date=December 26, 2012
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120927021800/http://www.redhat.com/magazine/004feb05/features/patents/
|archive-date=September 27, 2012
}}</ref>


The ''Patent Commons Project'' was launched on November 15, 2005 by the ] (OSDL). The core of the project is an ] patent commons reference ] aggregating and documenting information about patent-related ]s and other ] solutions directed at the open-source software community. {{As of|2015}} the project listed 53 patents.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.patentcommons.org/|title=Patent Commons Project|publisher=Linux Foundation|accessdate=2015-03-30}}</ref> The Patent Commons Project was launched on November 15, 2005, by the ] (OSDL). The core of the project is an ] patent commons reference ] aggregating and documenting information about patent-related ] and other ] solutions directed at the open-source software community. {{As of|2015}}, the project listed 53 patents.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.patentcommons.org/ |title=Patent Commons Project |publisher=Linux Foundation |access-date=2015-03-30 |archive-date=2015-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218042538/http://www.patentcommons.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref>


=== Open Compliance Program ===
== Collaborative Projects ==
The Linux Foundation's Open Compliance Program provides an array of programs for open-source software licensing compliance. The focus of this initiative is to educate and assist developers (and their companies) on licensing requirements, to make it easier to create new software. The program consists primarily of self-administered training modules, but it is also meant to include automated tools to help programmatically identify license compliance issues.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://techcrunch.com/2010/08/10/linux-foundation-launches-open-compliance-program/ |title=Linux Foundation launches Open Compliance Program |last=Merrill |first=Scott |website=TechCrunch |date=10 August 2010 |access-date=2017-05-19 |archive-date=2017-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026111535/https://techcrunch.com/2010/08/10/linux-foundation-launches-open-compliance-program/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
Linux Foundation Collaborative Projects are independently funded software projects that harness the power of collaborative development to fuel innovation across industries and ecosystems. More than 500 companies and thousands of developers from around the world contribute to these open source software projects.


== Funding ==
As of September 2015, the total lines of source code present in Linux Foundation’s Collaborative Projects are 115,013,302. The estimated, total amount of effort required to retrace the steps of collaborative development for these projects is 41,192.25 person years. In other words, it would take 1,356 developers 30 years to recreate the code bases. The total economic value of development costs of Linux Foundation Collaborative Projects is estimated at $5 billion.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSnMKWsd3zWa+1c2+MKW20150930|title=The Linux Foundation Releases First-Ever Value of Collaborative Development Report|date=2015-09-30|newspaper=Reuters|access-date=2016-03-14}}</ref>


Funding for the Linux Foundation comes primarily from its Platinum Members, who pay US$500,000 per year according to Schedule A in LF's bylaws,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.linuxfoundation.org/about/bylaws |title=Schedule A in LF's bylaws |access-date=2012-11-07 |archive-date=2012-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010162350/http://www.linuxfoundation.org/about/bylaws |url-status=live }}</ref> adding up to US$7.5 million.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of the Linux Foundation |url=https://www.linuxfoundation.org/about/members |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=www.linuxfoundation.org |language=en}}</ref> The Gold Members contribute a combined total of US$1.2 million and Silver members contribute between US$5,000 and US$20,000 based on the amount of employees, summing up to at least US$6,240,000.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Forge the future of open source {{!}} Benefits of Linux Foundation Membership |url=https://www.linuxfoundation.org/hubfs/lf_member_benefits_050724b.pdf?hsLang=en |access-date=2024-06-07}}</ref>
Some of the "Collaborative Projects" include (alphabetical order):


As of June 2024, the foundation collected annual fees worth at least US$14,940,000.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of the Linux Foundation |url=https://www.linuxfoundation.org/about/members |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=www.linuxfoundation.org |language=en}}</ref>
=== Cloud Native Computing Foundation ===


=== Use of donations ===
The '''Cloud Native Computing Foundation'''<ref name="cncf">{{cite web |url=https://cncf.io/ |title=Cloud Native Computing Foundation |publisher=Linux Foundation |accessdate=2015-11-27 }}</ref> (CNCF) was founded to "help facilitate collaboration among developers and operators on common technologies for deploying cloud native applications and services", built on ]. It was launched alongside ] 1.0, an open source container cluster manager, which was contributed to the Foundation by ] as a seed technology. Founding members included Google, ], ], ] and ].<ref name="zdnet-cncf">{{cite news |last=Vaughan-Nicholls |first=Steven J. |url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/cloud-native-computing-foundation-seeks-to-bring-more-cloud-and-container-unity/ |title=Cloud Native Computing Foundation seeks to forge cloud and container unity |work=] |date=2015-07-21 |accessdate=2015-11-27 }}</ref>


By early 2018, the Linux Foundation's website stated that it "uses in part to help fund the infrastructure and fellows (like ]) who help develop the Linux kernel."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.linuxfoundation.org/about/donate/ |title=Donate to The Linux Foundation |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180118141628/https://www.linuxfoundation.org/about/donate/ |archive-date=18 January 2018 |access-date=18 January 2018}}</ref>
=== Code Aurora Forum ===
Code Aurora Forum is a consortium of companies with projects serving the mobile wireless industry. Software projects it concerns itself with are e.g. Android for MSM, Femto Linux Project, ], MSM WLAN and Linux-MSM.


== Sub-organizations ==
=== Core Infrastructure Initiative ===
{{Main article|Core Infrastructure Initiative}}
Announced on {{date|2014-04-25}} in the wake of ] to fund and support ] projects that are critical to the functioning of the ].


=== FOSSBazaar === === Linux Foundation Europe ===
The Linux Foundation established the Linux Foundation Europe, with its headquarter located in ], on September 14, 2022, with the aim of promoting open source throughout Europe. Linux Foundation Europe will increase open collaborative activities for all European stakeholders, including citizens, the public sector, and the private sector. Among the first members of the Linux Foundation Europe are ], ], Alliander, ], ], BTP, esatus AG, ], RTE, ], ]., ], ], ], ], and the ]. The Linux Foundation Europe will make it possible for open collaborative projects to be housed on European soil.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Linux Foundation Europe Launches to Foster European Open Source Collaboration and Innovation |url=https://www.linuxfoundation.org/press/press-release/linux-foundation-europe-launches |access-date=2024-12-13 |website=www.linuxfoundation.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chauhan |first=Monika |date=2022-09-20 |title=Linux Foundation Europe Launched; Aims To Accelerate Open Collaborative Efforts - TFiR |url=https://tfir.io/linux-foundation-europe-launched-aims-to-accelerate-open-collaborative-efforts/ |access-date=2024-12-13 |website=tfir.io |language=en-US}}</ref> The first initiative is the ] (OWF), which aims to create an interoperable engine for digital wallets that supports payment processing, identity verification, and storing verified credentials including employment, education, financial status, and entitlements was launched on 23 February 2023. Accenture, ], Futurewei Technologies, ], ], ] / ], esatus AG, Fynbos, Hopae, IAMX, IDnow, IndyKite, Intesi Group, ], Digital Identification and Authentication Council of Canada (DIACC), Digital Dollar Project, Digital Identity New Zealand (DINZ), Digital Identity and Data Sovereignty Association (DIDAS), DizmeID Foundation (DIZME), Hyperledger Foundation, Information Technologies and Telematics Institute / Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH/ITI), ], ], IDunion SCE, ], MIT Connection Science, Modular Open Source Identity Platform (MOSIP), ], ] (OIX), Secure Identity Alliance (SIA), ], and the Trust Over IP Foundation (ToIP) are the inaugural members.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Flaherty |first=Nick |date=2022-09-15 |title=Linux Foundation Europe launches |url=https://www.eenewseurope.com/en/linux-foundation-europe-launches/ |access-date=2024-12-13 |website=eeNews Europe |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Linux Foundation Europe Announces Formation of OpenWallet Foundation |url=https://www.linuxfoundation.org/press/linux-foundation-europe-announces-formation-of-openwallet-foundation |access-date=2024-12-13 |website=www.linuxfoundation.org |language=en}}</ref>
FOSSBazaar is an open community of technology and industry leaders who are collaborating to accelerate adoption of ] in the enterprise.


The Linux Foundation Europe started the ] Software Ecosystem (RISE) initiative on May 31, 2023. The goal of RISE is to increase the availability of software for high-performance and power-efficient RISC-V processors running high-level operating systems for a range of market segments by bringing together a large number of hardware and software vendors. Red Hat, ], ], ], ], ], and Google are among the initial members.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lardinois |first=Frederic |date=2023-05-31 |title=The Linux Foundation Europe launches RISE, the RISC-V Software Ecosystem project |url=https://techcrunch.com/2023/05/31/the-linux-foundation-europe-launches-rise-the-risc-v-software-ecosystem-project/ |access-date=2024-12-13 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}</ref>
=== MeeGo ===
] was a project to build a Linux kernel-based operating system for mobile devices and IVI. It was the follow up project of ] and was superseded by ] and ].


=== Open Virtualization Alliance (OVA) === === Linux Foundation India ===
During KubeCon + CloudNativeCon India in ], the Linux Foundation announced the opening of Linux Foundation India on 11 December 2024, which will work on subjects including blockchain, security, Edge/IoT, cloud native technologies, telecommunications, and domain-specific artificial intelligence.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Xavier |first=John |date=2024-12-11 |title=Linux Foundation launches LF India to boost open source innovation |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/linux-foundation-launches-lf-india-to-boost-open-source-innovation/article68973343.ece |access-date=2024-12-13 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Sagar |date=2024-12-11 |title=Linux Foundation Expands Global Footprint with Strategic India Launch |url=https://analyticsindiamag.com/ai-news-updates/linux-foundation-expands-global-footprint-with-strategic-india-launch/ |access-date=2024-12-13 |website=Analytics India Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> In India, the need for open-source technology has increased by 42% in 2023 as a result of the Linux Foundation's partnership with the International Startup Foundation (ISF). They are also collaborating with the open source networking company OpenNets.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saha |first=Poulami |date=2024-12-11 |title=Linux Foundation unveils LF India: A new hub for Open Source innovation and collaboration |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/life/technology-linux-foundation-unveils-lf-india-a-new-hub-for-open-source-innovation-and-collaboration-3689590/ |access-date=2024-12-13 |website=FE Tech Bytes |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Jagmeet |date=2024-12-11 |title=Linux Foundation sets up India entity to boost open source collaboration |url=https://techcrunch.com/2024/12/11/linux-foundation-sets-up-india-entity-to-boost-open-source-collaboration/ |access-date=2024-12-13 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}</ref> Through the LF Decentralized Trust, the ] (RBI) and the ] (MEITy) are utilizing Linux Foundation's projects to build the ] and ].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singha |first=Kshitij |date=4 September 2024 |title=Government launches Vishvasya-Blockchain Technology Stack; To offer Blockchain-as-a-Service with a geographically distributed infrastructure. |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2051934 |access-date=13 December 2024 |work=Press Information Bureau |agency=Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of India.}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> The Linux Foundation India will launch projects that will be introduced straight upstream into the Linux Foundation further facilitating ongoing technological collaborations between the ] and the ], in contrast to the Linux Foundation Europe and Linux Foundation Japan, which focus on region-specific open source projects because of governmental constraints. Linux Foundation India will provide open source contributors to the Linux Foundation's sub-organizations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Linux Foundation Announces Launch of LF India to Expand Global Open Source Support and Innovation |url=https://www.linuxfoundation.org/press/linux-foundation-announces-launch-of-lf-india-to-expand-global-open-source-support-and-innovation |access-date=2024-12-13 |website=www.linuxfoundation.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" />
]
{{Main article|Open Virtualization Alliance}}
The consortium was founded 2011. At the LinuxCon 2013 it was announced, that it has become a Linux Foundation Collaborative Project.
] and ].


==Russian developer removal==
=== OpenDaylight ===
{{Undue weight section|date=November 2024}}
] is a community-led, open, industry-supported framework, for accelerating adoption, fostering new innovation, reducing risk and creating a more transparent approach to Software-Defined Networking
On October 18, 2024, renowned kernel developer ] submitted a patch to the Linux Kernel Mailing List that removed "some" kernel developers from their roles as maintainers. These were 11 developers whose email addresses and names suggested a connection to Russia. <ref>{{cite mailing list |url=https://lore.kernel.org/all/2024101835-tiptop-blip-09ed@gregkh/ |title= MAINTAINERS: Remove some entries due to various compliance requirements. |date= |access-date=18 November 2024 |mailing-list=LKML |author=Greg Kroah-Hartman |author-link=Greg_Kroah-Hartman |language=en |quote= |archive-url= |archive-date= |ref=}}</ref>


The patch was accepted without the usual quality assurance measures, such as code reviews, and included only a vague justification for relieving the developers from their respecting positions as maintainers.
=== ONOS ===


To the growing numbers of messages expressing a mixture of surprise and outrage related to the lack of transparency surrounding the situation and concern over whether the political independence of the Linux kernel was still being maintained, ] blatantly responded that the reasons for this would in fact be clear, and added that, as a Finn, he did not support Russian aggression. Furthermore, he insinuated that people opposing this patch are either Russian trolls, or have been riled up by Russian state-sponsored media and revert of this patch will not be accepted. <ref>{{cite mailing list |url=https://lore.kernel.org/all/2024101835-tiptop-blip-09ed@gregkh/ |title=Re: Revert "MAINTAINERS: Remove some entries due to various compliance requirements." |date=2024-10-23 |access-date=18 November 2024 |mailing-list=LKML |author=Linus Torvalds |author-link=Linus_Torvalds |language=en |quote= |archive-url= |archive-date= |ref=}}</ref>
] (Open Network Operating System) is an open source community which a mission of bringing the promise of ] (SDN) to communications service providers in order to make networks more agile for mobile and data center applications with better economics for both users and providers.


At least one other maintainer, who had criticized this unusual approach, claimed to have been blocked from the mailing list. <ref>{{cite mailing list |url=https://lore.kernel.org/all/0369c687-db33-4665-b3dc-143000ef2e47@gmx.de/ |title= Re: Maintainers now blocked from kernel.org mail access | language=en |date=2024-10-30 |author=Enrico Weigelt}}</ref>
=== IO Visor ===
] is an open source project and community of developers that will enable a new way to innovate, develop and share IO and networking functions. It will advance IO and networking technologies to address new requirements presented by cloud computing, the Internet of Things (IoT), Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV).


It wasn’t until October 24 that James Bottomley, a kernel developer, issued an apology for the intransparent handling of the situation and clarified that the action was a consequence of U.S. sanctions against Russia. According to Bottomley, developers who were allegedly employed by sanctioned companies could no longer serve as maintainers, even in a purely volunteer role. <ref>{{cite mailing list |url=https://lkml.org/lkml/2024/10/24/1118 |title=Re: linux: Goodbye from a Linux community volunteer |date=2024-10-24 |access-date=18 November 2024 |mailing-list=LKML |author=James Bottomley |language=en}}</ref>
=== OpenMama ===
While some of the volunteer programmers were indeed employed by Russian companies, this was not even true for others, sparking a discussion about this being a case of discrimination against individuals rather than just a compliance issue.
OpenMAMA (Open Middleware Agnostic Messaging API) is a lightweight vendor-neutral integration layer for systems built on top of a variety of ].


For example, one of the affected kernel maintainers had been employed by Amazon Web Services for several years up to that point. <ref>{{cite web |last1=Ospan |first1=Ablay |title=Ablay Ospan on LinkedIn |url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/aospan/ |access-date=18 November 2024}}</ref>
=== Tizen ===
] is a free and open-source, standards-based software platform supported by leading mobile operators, device manufacturers, and silicon suppliers for multiple device categories such as smartphones, tablets, netbooks, in-vehicle infotainment devices, and smart TVs.


The Linux Foundation has remained entirely silent on the incident, despite questions about whether the handling of the Russian developers, and particularly Torvalds’ statements, aligns with their Code of Conduct, which includes a commitment to respectful behavior and avoidance of demeaning communication, as well as an explicit prohibition of discrimination. <ref>{{cite web |last1=Purdy |first1=Kevin |title=Removal of Russian coders spurs debate about Linux kernel's politics |url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2024/10/russian-coders-removed-from-linux-maintainers-list-due-to-sanction-concerns/ |website=Ars Technica |access-date=18 November 2024 |date=24 October 2024}}</ref>
=== Xen Project ===
]
{{main article|Xen Project}}
The Xen Project team is a global open source community that develops the ] Hypervisor, contributes to the Linux PVOPS framework, the Xen® Cloud Platform and Xen® ARM.


=== Yocto Project === ==See also ==
* ] - code of conduct intended to ensure a safe and harassment-free environment for minorities.
{{Main article|Yocto Project}}
The Yocto Project is an open source collaboration project that provides templates, tools and methods to help create custom Linux-based systems for embedded products regardless of the hardware architecture. It was founded in 2010 as a collaboration among many hardware manufacturers, open-source operating systems vendors, and electronics companies to bring some order to the chaos of embedded Linux development.


=== Zephyr === ==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Main article|Zephyr (operating system)}}
Zephyr is a small real-time operating system for connected, resource-constrained devices supporting multiple architectures. It is developed as an open source collaboration project and released under the Apache License 2.0. Zephyr became a project of the Linux Foundation in February 2016.

== Community Stewardship ==
For the Linux kernel community, The Linux Foundation hosts their IT infrastructure and organizes conferences such as the Linux Kernel Summit and Linux Plumbers Conference. It also hosts a Technical Advisory Board made up of Linux kernel developers. One of these developers is appointed to sit on The Linux Foundation board.

=== Goodwill partnership ===
In January 2016, The Linux Foundation announced a partnership with Goodwill Central Texas to help hundreds of disadvantaged individuals from underserved communities and a variety of backgrounds get the training they need to start new and lucrative careers in Linux IT.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.techtimes.com/articles/124771/20160116/linux-for-everyone-goodwill-partnership-yields-exciting-scholarship-to-teach-you-new-skills.htm|title=Linux For Everyone! Goodwill Partnership Yields Exciting Scholarship To Teach You New Skills|date=2016-01-16|website=Tech Times|access-date=2016-03-14}}</ref>

=== Community Developer Travel Fund ===
To fund deserving developers to accelerate technical problem solving and collaboration in the open source community, The Linux Foundation launched the Community Developer Travel Fund.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.linuxtoday.com/developer/2007050701626OSCYDV|title=Linux Today - Linux Foundation Announces Open Source Developer Travel Fund|website=www.linuxtoday.com|access-date=2016-03-15}}</ref> Sponsorships are open to elite community developers with a proven track record of open source development achievement who cannot get funding to attend technical events from employers. Applications are available .

=== Core Infrastructure Initiative ===
The Core Infrastructure Initiative (CII), a project managed by The Linux Foundation that enables technology companies, industry stakeholders and esteemed developers to collaboratively identify and fund critical open source projects in need of assistance. In June 2015, the organization announced financial support of nearly $500,000 for three new projects to better support critical security elements of the global information infrastructure.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.informationweek.com/cloud/infrastructure-as-a-service/linux-foundation-funds-internet-security-advances/d/d-id/1321044|title=Linux Foundation Funds Internet Security Advances - InformationWeek|website=InformationWeek|access-date=2016-03-15}}</ref>

== Members ==
By the end of April 2013, there are more than 180 corporate members who identify with the ideals & mission of the Linux Foundation:<ref></ref><ref>, 2013-01-27</ref>

# Platinum Members (8), who each donate US$500,000 annually, incl. (listed alphabetically) ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and ]
# Gold Members (15), who each donate US$100,000 annually, incl. (listed alphabetically) ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and ]
# Silver Members (224), who each donate US$5,000-20,000 (scaling with number of employees) annually, e.g. (listed alphabetically) ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], et al.
# Affiliates (6).

Members of the foundation's board of directors are elected by corporate members (higher-paying members electing more directors). Membership was also open to individuals (enabling them to collectively elect two directors and individually run for one of those two seats) until January 2016, when those provisions were eliminated. Individuals can now only be "supporters".<ref>{{Cite web| url=http://www.theregister.co.uk/2016/01/25/linux_foundation_scraps_individual_membership/| publisher=The Register| first=Tim| last=Anderson| date=2016-01-25| title=Linux Foundation quietly scraps individual memberships| accessdate=2016-01-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url=http://www.datamation.com/open-source/the-linux-foundation-and-the-uneasy-alliance.html| publisher=Datamation| first=Bruce| last=Byfield| date=2016-01-27| title=The Linux Foundation and the Uneasy Alliance| accessdate=2016-01-27}}</ref>

== Funding ==
Its funding comes primarily from its Platinum Members: ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ] and for many years ].<ref>These are the , paying US$500,000 per year according to . That's US$4 million. The Gold Members contribute a combined total of US$1.6, and smaller members less again.</ref> These nine each having a representative on the Board of Directors, they hold a majority on the 16-person board.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.linuxfoundation.org/about/board-members |title=Board Members |publisher=The Linux Foundation |date=2013-06-20 |accessdate=2013-06-29}}</ref>

As of April 2014, the foundation collects annual fees worth at least 6,245,000 USD:

* 8 Platinum members
* 16 Gold members
* 224 Silver members

== Events ==
The Linux Foundation are where the creators, maintainers and practitioners of the most important open source projects meet. Linux Foundation events in 2015 attracted nearly 15,000 developers, maintainers, system administrators, thought leaders, business executives and other industry professionals from more than 3,100 organizations across 85 countries. Many open source projects also co-locate their events at The Linux Foundation events to take advantage of the cross-community collaboration with projects in the same industry.

Planned 2016 events will cover various trends in open source, including Big Data, cloud native applications, containers, IoT, networking, security, and more.
* ]
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== References ==
{{refimprove|date=April 2011}}
{{Reflist|30em}}


== External links == == External links ==
{{Portal|Linux|Free software}} {{Portal|Linux|Free and open-source software}}
* {{Official website}} * {{Official website}}
** {{Linux Foundation}}{{Linux kernel}}
{{FLOSS}}
*
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<!-- Check the "Linux Foundation" category for major categorizations -->
{{Linux kernel}}
{{FLOSS}}


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Latest revision as of 23:26, 9 January 2025

Non-profit technology consortium to develop the Linux operating system
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The Linux Foundation
Predecessor
Formation2000; 25 years ago (2000)
Type501(c)(6) organization
PurposeOpen-source software
HeadquartersSan Francisco, California, U.S.
Membership1,000+ corporate members
Employees150
Websitewww.linuxfoundation.org Edit this at Wikidata

The Linux Foundation (LF) is a non-profit organization established in 2000 to support Linux development and open-source software projects.

Background

The Linux Foundation started as Open Source Development Labs in 2000 to standardize and promote the open-source operating system kernel Linux. It merged with Free Standards Group in 2007. The foundation has since evolved to promote open-source projects beyond the Linux OS as a "foundation of foundations" that hosts a variety of projects spanning topics such as cloud, networking, blockchain, and hardware. The foundation also hosts annual educational events among the Linux community, including the Linux Kernel Developers Summit and the Open Source Summit.

Projects

As of September 2015, the total economic value of the development costs of Linux Foundation Collaborative Projects was estimated at $5 billion.

Project Name Description
AllJoyn AllJoyn is an open-source software framework that allows compatible devices and applications to find each other, communicate, and collaborate across the boundaries of product category, platform, brand, and connection type.
Automotive Grade Linux Automotive Grade Linux is a collaborative open-source project developing a Linux-based, open platform for the connected car that can serve as the de facto standard for the industry. Although initially focused on In-Vehicle Infotainment (IVI), the AGL roadmap includes instrument clusters, heads-up displays, telematics, and autonomous driving. The goals of AGL are to provide:
  • An automotive-focused core Linux operating system stack that meets common and shared requirements of the automotive ecosystem
  • A transparent, collaborative, and open environment for Automotive OEMs, Tier One suppliers, and their semiconductor and software vendors to create in-vehicle software
  • A collective voice for working with other open-source projects and developing new open-source solutions
  • An embedded Linux distribution that enables rapid prototyping for developers new to Linux or teams with prior open source experience
Carrier Grade Linux Carrier Grade Linux is a set of specifications that detail standards of availability, scalability, manageability, and service response characteristics which must be met for Linux kernel-based operating system to be considered carrier grade.
Cloud Foundry Cloud Foundry is an open-source, multi-cloud application platform as a service governed by the Cloud Foundry Foundation.
Cloud Native Computing Foundation The Cloud Native Computing Foundation was founded in 2015 to help advance container technology and align the tech industry around its evolution.
Continuous Delivery Foundation The Continuous Delivery Foundation is an open-source community improving the world's ability to deliver software with security and speed.
Core Infrastructure Initiative The Core Infrastructure Initiative was announced on 25 April 2014 in the wake of the Heartbleed security vulnerability to fund and support free and open-source software projects that are critical to the functioning of the Internet.
Data Plane Development Kit The Data Plane Development Kit provides a set of libraries and network interface controller polling-mode drivers to accelerate CPU architecture-running packet processing workloads.
EdgeX Foundry EdgeX Foundry is a vendor-neutral open-source platform providing a common framework for industrial IoT edge computing.
FinOps Foundation The FinOps Foundation is dedicated to advancing people who practice the discipline of cloud financial management through best practices, education, and standards.
FRRouting FRRouting is an IP routing protocol suite for Unix and Linux platforms.
Hyperledger The Hyperledger project is a global, open-source effort based on advancing cross-industry blockchain technologies.
IoTivity The IoTivity is an open-source framework created to standardize inter-device connections for the IoT.
JanusGraph JanusGraph is an open-source, graph database supporting global graph data analytics, reporting, and ETL.
LF AI & Data The LF AI & Data Foundation is a project of The Linux Foundation that supports open-source innovation in artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning, and data open-source projects.
Linux Standard Base The Linux Standard Base was a joint project by several Linux distributions to standardize the software system structure.
ONOS Open Network Operating System is an open-source community to brings software-defined networking to communications service providers to make networks more agile for mobile and data center applications.
OpenAPI Specification OpenAPI Specification is a specification for a machine-readable interface definition language for describing, producing, consuming and visualizing web services.
OpenBMC The OpenBMC project is a collaborative open-source project whose goal is to produce an open-source implementation of the Baseboard Management Controllers (BMC) Firmware Stack.
OpenChain The OpenChain Project aims to define effective open-source software compliance in software supply chains. A key output is the ISO/IEC 5230 standard.
Open Container Initiative In 2015, Docker & CoreOS launched the Open Container Initiative in partnership with The Linux Foundation to create a set of industry standards in the open around container formats and runtime.
OpenDaylight Project The OpenDaylight project is an open-source platform for Software-Defined Networking (SDN) that uses open protocols to provide centralized, programmatic control and network device monitoring. It aims to accelerate the adoption of SDN and Network Functions Virtualization in service providers, enterprises, and research networks.
OpenJS Foundation OpenJS Foundation hosts projects and funds activities to support the long-term sustainability of the JavaScript and web ecosystem as a whole.
Open Source Security Foundation The Open Source Security Foundation (OpenSSF) works towards a collaborative effort to improve the security of the open-source software ecosystem.
Open Mainframe Project The Open Mainframe Project is a Collaborative Project to encourage the use of Linux-based operating systems and open-source software on mainframe computers.
OpenPrinting OpenPrinting develops IPP-based printing technology for Linux- and Unix-based operating systems.
Open vSwitch Originally created at Nicira before moving to VMware (and eventually the Linux Foundation), OvS is an open source virtual switch supporting standard management interfaces and protocols.
ONAP The Open Network Automation Platform is the result of OPEN-O and Open ECOMP projects merging in April 2017. The platform allows end users to design, manage, and automate services and virtual functions.
OPNFV The Open Platform for Network Function Virtualization (NFV) "aims to be a carrier-grade, integrated platform that introduces new products and services to the industry more quickly." In 2016, the project began an internship program, created a working group and an "End User Advisory Group"
Overture Maps Foundation In mid-December 2022, the foundation announced the launch of a new mapping collaboration, the Overture Maps Foundation. Its founding members were Amazon Web Services (AWS), Meta, Microsoft and TomTom. It is intended to be complementary to the crowdsourced OpenStreetMap (OSM) project and the foundation encourages members to contribute data directly to OSM.
PyTorch Foundation The PyTorch Foundation Originally incubated by Meta’s AI team, PyTorch has grown to include a massive community of contributors and users under their community-focused stewardship.
RethinkDB After RethinkDB announced its shutdown as a business, the Linux Foundation announced that it had purchased the intellectual property under its Cloud Native Computing Foundation project, which was then relicensed under the Apache License (ASLv2). RethinkDB describes itself as "the first open-source, scalable JSON database built from the ground up for the realtime web."
RISC-V The RISC-V International association is chartered to standardize and promote the open RISC-V instruction set architecture together with its hardware and software ecosystem for use in all computing devices.
seL4 seL4 is the only microkernel in existence which has been developed using formal verification techniques. It belongs to the L4 microkernel family and was, like the other L4 microkernels, designed to attain great security and performance.
Software Package Data Exchange The Software Package Data Exchange (SPDX) project was started in 2010, to create a standard format for communicating the components, licenses, and copyrights associated with software packages. As part of the project, there is a team that curates the SPDX License List, which defines a list of identifiers for commonly found licenses and exceptions used for open source and other collaborative software.
Tizen Tizen is a free and open-source, standards-based software platform supported by leading mobile operators, device manufacturers, and silicon suppliers for multiple device categories such as smartphones, tablets, netbooks, in-vehicle infotainment devices, and smart TVs.
TLA+ The TLA+ Foundation manages the development of TLA+. TLA+ is a formal specification language for modeling programs and systems, especially concurrent and distributed ones.
Xen Project The Xen Project team is a global open-source community that develops the Xen Hypervisor, and contributes to the Linux PVOPS framework, the Xen® Cloud Platform, and Xen® ARM.
Yocto Project The Yocto Project is an open source collaboration project that provides templates, tools and methods to help create custom Linux-based systems for embedded products regardless of the hardware architecture. It was founded in 2010 as a collaboration among many hardware manufacturers, open-source operating systems vendors, and electronics companies to bring some order to the chaos of embedded Linux development.
Zephyr Project Zephyr is a small real-time operating system for connected, resource-constrained devices supporting multiple architectures. It was developed as an open-source collaboration project and released under the Apache License 2.0. Zephyr became a project of the Linux Foundation in February 2016.

Community stewardship

For the Linux kernel community, the Linux Foundation hosts its IT infrastructure and organizes conferences such as the Linux Kernel Summit and the Linux Plumbers Conference. It also hosts a Technical Advisory Board made up of Linux kernel developers. One of these developers has been appointed to sit on the Linux Foundation board.

Goodwill partnership

In January 2016, the Linux Foundation announced a partnership with Goodwill Central Texas to help hundreds of disadvantaged individuals from underserved communities and a variety of backgrounds get the training they need to start careers in Linux IT.

Community Specification

In July 2020, the Linux Foundation announced an initiative allowing open-source communities to create Open Standards using tools and methods inspired by open-source developers.

Core Infrastructure Initiative

The Core Infrastructure Initiative (CII), is a project managed by the Linux Foundation that enables technology companies, industry stakeholders, and esteemed developers to collaboratively identify and fund critical open-source projects in need of assistance. In June 2015, the organization announced financial support of nearly $500,000 for three new projects to better support critical security elements of the global information infrastructure. In May 2016, CII launched its Best Practice Badge program to raise awareness of development processes and project governance steps that will help projects have better security outcomes. In May 2017, CII issued its 100th badge to a passing project.

Community Data License Agreement (CDLA)

See also: Open Database License

Introduced in October 2017, the Community Data License Agreement (CDLA) is a legal framework for sharing data. There are two initial CDLA licenses:

  • The CDLA-Sharing license was designed to embody the principles of copyleft in a data license. It puts terms in place to ensure that downstream recipients can use and modify that data, and are also required to share their changes to the data.
  • The CDLA-Permissive agreement is similar to permissive open source licenses in that the publisher of data allows anyone to use, modify, and do what they want with the data with no obligations to share changes or modifications.

Linux.com

Further information: Linux.com

On March 3, 2009, the Linux Foundation announced that they would take over the management of Linux.com from its previous owners, SourceForge, Inc.

The site was relaunched on May 13, 2009, shifting away from its previous incarnation as a news site to become a central source for Linux tutorials, information, software, documentation, and answers across the server, desktop/netbook, mobile, and embedded areas. It also includes a directory of Linux software and hardware.

Much like Linux itself, Linux.com plans to rely on the community to create and drive content and conversation.

Linux Foundation Public Health (LFPH)

In 2020 amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, the Linux Foundation announced the LFPH, a program dedicated to advancing and supporting the virus contact tracing work led by Google and Apple and their Bluetooth notification systems. The LFPH is focusing its efforts on public health applications, including the effort's first initiative: a notification app intended for governments wanting to launch their privacy-focused exposure notification networks. As of today, LFPH hosts two contact-tracing apps.

LF Climate Finance Foundation

In September 2020, The Linux Foundation announced the LF Climate Finance Foundation (LFCF), a new initiative "to encourage investment in AI-enhanced open source analytics to address climate change." LFCF plans to build a platform that will utilize open-source open data to help the financial investment, NGO, and academia sectors to help better model companies’ exposure to climate change. Allianz, Amazon, Microsoft, and S&P Global will be the initiative's founding members.

LF Energy

Main article: LF Energy

LF Energy is an initiative launched by the Linux Foundation in 2018 to improve the power grid.

Linus Torvalds at LinuxCon North America 2016

Training and certification

The Linux Foundation Training Program features instructors and content from the leaders of the Linux developer and open-source communities.

Participants receive Linux training that is vendor-neutral and created with oversight from leaders of the Linux development community. The Linux Foundation's online and in-person training programs aim to deliver broad, foundational knowledge and networking opportunities.

In March 2014, the Linux Foundation and edX partnered to offer a free, massive open online class titled Introduction to Linux. This was the first in a series of ongoing free offerings from both organizations whose current catalogue of MOOCs include Intro to DevOps, Intro to Cloud Foundry and Cloud Native Software Architecture, Intro to Apache Hadoop, Intro to Cloud Infrastructure Technologies, and Intro to OpenStack.

In December 2015, the Linux Foundation introduced a self-paced course designed to help prepare administrators for the OpenStack Foundation's Certified OpenStack Administrator exam.

As part of a partnership with Microsoft, it was announced in December 2015 that the Linux on Azure certification would be awarded to individuals who pass both the Microsoft Exam 70-533 (Implementing Microsoft Azure Infrastructure Solutions) and the Linux Foundation Certified System Administrator (LFCS) exam.

In early 2017, at the annual Open Source Leadership Summit, it was announced that the Linux Foundation would begin offering an Inclusive Speaker Orientation course in partnership with the National Center for Women & Information Technology. The course is designed to give participants "practical skills to promote inclusivity in their presentations."

In September 2020, the Linux Foundation released a free serverless computing training course with CNCF. It is taught by Alex Ellis, founder of OpenFaaS.

Among many other organizations with similar offerings, The Linux Foundation has reported a 40% increase in demand for their online courses in 2020 during the coronavirus pandemic and the resulting social-distancing measures.

Patent Commons Project

The patent commons consists of all patented software which has been made available to the open source community. For software to be considered to be in the commons the patent owner must guarantee that developers will not be sued for infringement, though there may be some restrictions on the use of the patented code. The concept was first given substance by Red Hat in 2001 when it published its Patent Promise.

The Patent Commons Project was launched on November 15, 2005, by the Open Source Development Labs (OSDL). The core of the project is an online patent commons reference library aggregating and documenting information about patent-related pledges and other legal solutions directed at the open-source software community. As of 2015, the project listed 53 patents.

Open Compliance Program

The Linux Foundation's Open Compliance Program provides an array of programs for open-source software licensing compliance. The focus of this initiative is to educate and assist developers (and their companies) on licensing requirements, to make it easier to create new software. The program consists primarily of self-administered training modules, but it is also meant to include automated tools to help programmatically identify license compliance issues.

Funding

Funding for the Linux Foundation comes primarily from its Platinum Members, who pay US$500,000 per year according to Schedule A in LF's bylaws, adding up to US$7.5 million. The Gold Members contribute a combined total of US$1.2 million and Silver members contribute between US$5,000 and US$20,000 based on the amount of employees, summing up to at least US$6,240,000.

As of June 2024, the foundation collected annual fees worth at least US$14,940,000.

Use of donations

By early 2018, the Linux Foundation's website stated that it "uses in part to help fund the infrastructure and fellows (like Linus Torvalds) who help develop the Linux kernel."

Sub-organizations

Linux Foundation Europe

The Linux Foundation established the Linux Foundation Europe, with its headquarter located in Brussels, on September 14, 2022, with the aim of promoting open source throughout Europe. Linux Foundation Europe will increase open collaborative activities for all European stakeholders, including citizens, the public sector, and the private sector. Among the first members of the Linux Foundation Europe are Ericsson, Accenture, Alliander, Avast, Bosch, BTP, esatus AG, NXP Semiconductors, RTE, SAP, SUSE S.A., TomTom, Bank of England, OpenForum Europe, OpenUK, and the Research Institutes of Sweden. The Linux Foundation Europe will make it possible for open collaborative projects to be housed on European soil. The first initiative is the Open Wallet Foundation (OWF), which aims to create an interoperable engine for digital wallets that supports payment processing, identity verification, and storing verified credentials including employment, education, financial status, and entitlements was launched on 23 February 2023. Accenture, Gen Digital, Futurewei Technologies, Visa Inc., American Express, Deutsche Telekom / T-Systems, esatus AG, Fynbos, Hopae, IAMX, IDnow, IndyKite, Intesi Group, Ping Identity, Digital Identification and Authentication Council of Canada (DIACC), Digital Dollar Project, Digital Identity New Zealand (DINZ), Digital Identity and Data Sovereignty Association (DIDAS), DizmeID Foundation (DIZME), Hyperledger Foundation, Information Technologies and Telematics Institute / Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH/ITI), Johannes Kepler University Linz, ID2020, IDunion SCE, Mifos Initiative, MIT Connection Science, Modular Open Source Identity Platform (MOSIP), OpenID Foundation, Open Identity Exchange (OIX), Secure Identity Alliance (SIA), University of Rovira i Virgili, and the Trust Over IP Foundation (ToIP) are the inaugural members.

The Linux Foundation Europe started the RISC-V Software Ecosystem (RISE) initiative on May 31, 2023. The goal of RISE is to increase the availability of software for high-performance and power-efficient RISC-V processors running high-level operating systems for a range of market segments by bringing together a large number of hardware and software vendors. Red Hat, Samsung, Qualcomm, Nvidia, MediaTek, Intel, and Google are among the initial members.

Linux Foundation India

During KubeCon + CloudNativeCon India in New Delhi, the Linux Foundation announced the opening of Linux Foundation India on 11 December 2024, which will work on subjects including blockchain, security, Edge/IoT, cloud native technologies, telecommunications, and domain-specific artificial intelligence. In India, the need for open-source technology has increased by 42% in 2023 as a result of the Linux Foundation's partnership with the International Startup Foundation (ISF). They are also collaborating with the open source networking company OpenNets. Through the LF Decentralized Trust, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MEITy) are utilizing Linux Foundation's projects to build the National Blockchain Framework and Digital Rupee. The Linux Foundation India will launch projects that will be introduced straight upstream into the Linux Foundation further facilitating ongoing technological collaborations between the Federal Government of the United States and the Government of India, in contrast to the Linux Foundation Europe and Linux Foundation Japan, which focus on region-specific open source projects because of governmental constraints. Linux Foundation India will provide open source contributors to the Linux Foundation's sub-organizations.

Russian developer removal

This section may lend undue weight to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies. Please help to create a more balanced presentation. Discuss and resolve this issue before removing this message. (November 2024)

On October 18, 2024, renowned kernel developer Greg Kroah-Hartman submitted a patch to the Linux Kernel Mailing List that removed "some" kernel developers from their roles as maintainers. These were 11 developers whose email addresses and names suggested a connection to Russia.

The patch was accepted without the usual quality assurance measures, such as code reviews, and included only a vague justification for relieving the developers from their respecting positions as maintainers.

To the growing numbers of messages expressing a mixture of surprise and outrage related to the lack of transparency surrounding the situation and concern over whether the political independence of the Linux kernel was still being maintained, Linus Torvalds blatantly responded that the reasons for this would in fact be clear, and added that, as a Finn, he did not support Russian aggression. Furthermore, he insinuated that people opposing this patch are either Russian trolls, or have been riled up by Russian state-sponsored media and revert of this patch will not be accepted.

At least one other maintainer, who had criticized this unusual approach, claimed to have been blocked from the mailing list.

It wasn’t until October 24 that James Bottomley, a kernel developer, issued an apology for the intransparent handling of the situation and clarified that the action was a consequence of U.S. sanctions against Russia. According to Bottomley, developers who were allegedly employed by sanctioned companies could no longer serve as maintainers, even in a purely volunteer role. While some of the volunteer programmers were indeed employed by Russian companies, this was not even true for others, sparking a discussion about this being a case of discrimination against individuals rather than just a compliance issue.

For example, one of the affected kernel maintainers had been employed by Amazon Web Services for several years up to that point.

The Linux Foundation has remained entirely silent on the incident, despite questions about whether the handling of the Russian developers, and particularly Torvalds’ statements, aligns with their Code of Conduct, which includes a commitment to respectful behavior and avoidance of demeaning communication, as well as an explicit prohibition of discrimination.

See also

  • Contributor Covenant - code of conduct intended to ensure a safe and harassment-free environment for minorities.

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