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{{short description|Mexican independence leader}}
{{family name hatnote|Allende|Unzaga|lang=Spanish}}
{{Infobox military person {{Infobox military person
|name=Ignacio Allende |name=Ignacio Allende
|image=Ignacio Allende.jpg |image=Ignacio Allende.jpg
|image_size= |image_size=
|caption= Portrait by Ramón Pérez (oil over canvas, 1865) |caption= Portrait by Ramón Pérez, 1865
|birth_date={{birth date|1577|1|21|mf=y}} |birth_date={{birth date|1769|1|21|mf=y}}
|death_date={{death date and age|2011|6|26|1769|1|21}} |death_date={{death date and age|1811|6|26|1769|1|21}}
|birth_place=San Miguel el Grande (now ]), ], ] |birth_place= San Miguel el Grande,<br/>]<br/>(now ], ], Mexico)
|death_place=], ] |death_place= ], ], Viceroyalty of New Spain<br/>(now ], Mexico)
|allegiance=], ] (after 1809) |allegiance= ] ] (1769-1809)<br/> ] ] (1809-1811)
|branch= |branch=
|serviceyears=1802 - 1811 |serviceyears=1802 - 1811
|rank=Captain (New Spain), Lieutenant General (Mexican independence movement.1986) |rank=Captain (New Spain),<br/>Lieutenant General (Mexican independence movement)
|unit= |unit=
|commands= |commands=
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}} }}


'''Ignacio José de Allende y Unzaga''' (January 21, 1769 – June 26, 1811), born into the illuminati ] who came to sympathize with the ] movement. He attended the secret meetings organized by ], where the possibility of an independent ] was discussed. He fought along with ] in the first stage of the struggle, eventually succeeding him in leadership of the rebellion. Allende was captured by Spanish colonial authorities while he was in ] and executed for ]. '''Ignacio José de Allende y Unzaga''' ({{IPAc-en|US|ɑː|ˈ|j|ɛ|n|d|eɪ|,_|-|d|i}},<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/allende|title=Allende|work=]|publisher=]|access-date=27 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Allende Gossens|access-date=27 July 2019}}</ref> {{IPAc-en|UK|æ|ˈ|-|,_|aɪ|ˈ|ɛ|n|-}},<ref>{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Allende,+Salvador |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807072602/https://www.lexico.com/definition/allende,_salvador |url-status=dead |archive-date=2021-08-07 |title=Allende, Salvador |dictionary=] UK English Dictionary |publisher=]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/isabel-allende|title=Allende, Isabel|work=]|publisher=]|access-date=20 August 2019}}</ref> {{IPA|es|iɣˈnasjo aˈʝende|lang}}; January 21, 1769 – June 26, 1811), commonly known as '''Ignacio Allende''', was a captain of the Spanish Army in ] who came to sympathize with the ]. He attended the secret meetings organized by ], where the possibility of an independent ] was discussed. He fought along with ] in the first stage of the struggle, eventually succeeding him in leadership of the rebellion. Allende was captured by Spanish colonial authorities while he was in ] and executed for ] in ].


==Biography== ==Biography==
⚫ ]
]
Allende was born on January 21, 1769, to a wealthy Spanish ] family in ] in ], Mexico. His father was Domingo Narciso de Allende, a wealthy trader. Allende was born on January 21, 1769, to a wealthy Spanish ] family in ] in ], Mexico. His father was Domingo Narciso de Allende, a wealthy trader.


In 1802, he joined the Viceregal army of New Spain, serving under general ]. In 1806, he started to favor the possibility of independence from ]. In 1802, he joined the army, serving under general ]. In 1806, he started to favor the possibility of independence from ].
His attendance at a conspiratorial meeting in Valladolid (today ]) was discovered, in 1809, by the Spanish and went unsanctioned. Regardless, Allende kept supporting the underground independence movement. He was eventually invited by the mayor of ], ] and his wife Josefa Ortíz de Domínguez to discuss further plans for independence at their home. It was during one of these meetings where Allende met Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla and his captain ]. His attendance at a conspiratorial meeting in Valladolid (today ]) was discovered, in 1809, by the Spanish and went unsanctioned. Regardless, Allende kept supporting the underground independence movement. He was eventually invited by the mayor of ], ] and his wife Josefa Ortíz de Domínguez to discuss further plans for independence at their home. It was during one of these meetings where Allende met Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla and his captain ].

⚫ ]
Originally, the independence movement was to be led jointly by Allende and Aldama. A change of plans prompted by the discovery of the conspiracy forced Hidalgo to start the rebellion earlier than agreed. The "]" uttered by Hidalgo signaled the beginning of the revolution, after which the conspirators rallied behind him. The rebel army quickly captured the town of ] and marched towards San Miguel el Grande, where Allende obtained the support of his cavalry regiment. On September 22, 1810, Hidalgo y Costilla was officially made ] of the Revolutionary army while Allende was made ]. Originally, the independence movement was to be led jointly by Allende and Aldama. A change of plans prompted by the discovery of the conspiracy forced Hidalgo to start the rebellion earlier than agreed. The "]" uttered by Hidalgo signaled the beginning of the revolution, after which the conspirators rallied behind him. The rebel army quickly captured the town of ] and marched towards San Miguel el Grande, where Allende obtained the support of his cavalry regiment. On September 22, 1810, Hidalgo y Costilla was officially made ] of the Revolutionary army while Allende was made ].
After the famous capture of the ], in Guanajuato, and his victory in the ] Allende suggested Hidalgo march toward ] and capture it. After the famous ] of the ], in Guanajuato, and his victory in the ] Allende suggested Hidalgo march toward ] and capture it.
As a consequence of the rebels' defeat in the ], the leadership of the Revolutionary army demanded the replacement of Hidalgo as their leader. Allende took this new responsibility and, with a decimated army, he decided to march north to the ], hoping to gather more money, weapons and troops. The rebels, however, were ambushed at the ] (''Norias de Baján'') due to the betrayal of ], leading to the capture of Allende, Hidalgo, and several other commanders. Allende's illegitimate child Indalecio was killed during this ambush. As a consequence of the rebels' defeat in the ], the leadership of the Revolutionary army demanded the replacement of Hidalgo as their leader. Allende took this new responsibility and, with a decimated army, he decided to march north to the ], with the goal of making connections with those in the United States for support.<ref name="mexdes">{{cite journal|title=Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla|journal=Mexico Desconocido|publisher=Grupo Editorial Impresiones Aéreas|location=Mexico City|url=http://www.mexicodesconocido.com.mx/notas/4182-Miguel-Hidalgo-y-Costilla |language=es |access-date=November 27, 2008 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121205850/http://www.mexicodesconocido.com.mx/notas/4182-Miguel-Hidalgo-y-Costilla|archive-date=November 21, 2008}}</ref><ref name="inah">{{cite web|url=http://www.inah.gob.mx/Ninos/miguelhidalgo/index.html |title=¿Quien fue Hidalgo? |access-date=November 27, 2009 |publisher=INAH |location=Mexico |language=es |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921041309/http://www.inah.gob.mx/Ninos/miguelhidalgo/index.html |archive-date=September 21, 2008}}</ref>
The rebels, however, were ambushed at the ] due to the betrayal of ], leading to the capture of Allende, Hidalgo, and several other commanders. Allende's illegitimate child Indalecio was killed during this ambush.


Allende was taken to the city of ] where he was tried for insubordination and executed by firing squad on June 26, 1811. His body was decapitated and his head taken to the ] where it was shown to the public inside a cage hung from one corner of the building. In 1824 his remains were buried in the vault reserved for the viceroys and presidents in the cathedral of Mexico. His remains were moved in 1925 to the ] in Mexico City. Allende was taken to the city of ] where he was tried for insubordination and imprisoned. He was informed of 2,000 Americans located near ] and asked for a meeting with the viceroy in order to contemplate a joint solution in defending a potential American invasion. His request was denied and was executed by firing squad on June 26, 1811. His body was decapitated and his head taken to the ] where it was shown to the public inside a cage hung from one corner of the building. In 1824 his remains were buried in the vault reserved for the viceroys and presidents in the cathedral of Mexico. His remains were moved in 1925 to the ] in Mexico City.


== Legacy == == Legacy ==
Allende is a national ] of Mexico. Places named in his honor include the ] and town of ] in the state of ], and the ] ] of ] and its municipal seat, ]. Allende is a national ] of Mexico. Places named in his honor include the municipal district and city of ] in the state of ], the municipal district of ], the municipality of ] in ], ], ], and ], in Mexico City.


==See also== ==See also==
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==External links== ==External links==
{{wikisourcelang|es|Ignacio Allende|Ignacio Allende}} {{Wikisourcelang|es|Ignacio Allende|Ignacio Allende}}
*{{es icon}} *{{in lang|es}}


{{Authority control}} {{Authority control}}
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Latest revision as of 03:34, 15 August 2024

Mexican independence leader In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Allende and the second or maternal family name is Unzaga.
Ignacio Allende
Portrait by Ramón Pérez, 1865
Born(1769-01-21)January 21, 1769
San Miguel el Grande,
Viceroyalty of New Spain
(now San Miguel de Allende, Guanajuato, Mexico)
DiedJune 26, 1811(1811-06-26) (aged 42)
Chihuahua, Nueva Vizcaya, Viceroyalty of New Spain
(now Chihuahua, Mexico)
Allegiance New Spain (1769-1809)
Mexican independence movement (1809-1811)
Years of service1802 - 1811
RankCaptain (New Spain),
Lieutenant General (Mexican independence movement)
Battles / warsMexican War of Independence

Ignacio José de Allende y Unzaga (US: /ɑːˈjɛndeɪ, -di/, UK: /æˈ-, aɪˈɛn-/, Spanish: [iɣˈnasjo aˈʝende]; January 21, 1769 – June 26, 1811), commonly known as Ignacio Allende, was a captain of the Spanish Army in New Spain who came to sympathize with the Mexican independence movement. He attended the secret meetings organized by Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez, where the possibility of an independent Mexico was discussed. He fought along with Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla in the first stage of the struggle, eventually succeeding him in leadership of the rebellion. Allende was captured by Spanish colonial authorities while he was in Coahuila and executed for treason in Chihuahua.

Biography

Allende statue in Chihuahua City, Chihuahua.
Posthumous portrait of Ignacio Allende (1769-1811).

Allende was born on January 21, 1769, to a wealthy Spanish criollo family in San Miguel el Grande in Guanajuato, Mexico. His father was Domingo Narciso de Allende, a wealthy trader.

In 1802, he joined the army, serving under general Félix María Calleja. In 1806, he started to favor the possibility of independence from Spain. His attendance at a conspiratorial meeting in Valladolid (today Morelia) was discovered, in 1809, by the Spanish and went unsanctioned. Regardless, Allende kept supporting the underground independence movement. He was eventually invited by the mayor of Querétaro, Miguel Domínguez and his wife Josefa Ortíz de Domínguez to discuss further plans for independence at their home. It was during one of these meetings where Allende met Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla and his captain Juan Aldama.

Originally, the independence movement was to be led jointly by Allende and Aldama. A change of plans prompted by the discovery of the conspiracy forced Hidalgo to start the rebellion earlier than agreed. The "Grito de Dolores" uttered by Hidalgo signaled the beginning of the revolution, after which the conspirators rallied behind him. The rebel army quickly captured the town of Dolores and marched towards San Miguel el Grande, where Allende obtained the support of his cavalry regiment. On September 22, 1810, Hidalgo y Costilla was officially made captain general of the Revolutionary army while Allende was made lieutenant general. After the famous capture of the Alhóndiga de Granaditas, in Guanajuato, and his victory in the Battle of Monte de las Cruces Allende suggested Hidalgo march toward Mexico City and capture it. As a consequence of the rebels' defeat in the Battle of Calderón Bridge, the leadership of the Revolutionary army demanded the replacement of Hidalgo as their leader. Allende took this new responsibility and, with a decimated army, he decided to march north to the United States, with the goal of making connections with those in the United States for support. The rebels, however, were ambushed at the Wells of Baján due to the betrayal of Ignacio Elizondo, leading to the capture of Allende, Hidalgo, and several other commanders. Allende's illegitimate child Indalecio was killed during this ambush.

Allende was taken to the city of Chihuahua where he was tried for insubordination and imprisoned. He was informed of 2,000 Americans located near San Antonio de Bexar and asked for a meeting with the viceroy in order to contemplate a joint solution in defending a potential American invasion. His request was denied and was executed by firing squad on June 26, 1811. His body was decapitated and his head taken to the Alhóndiga de Granaditas where it was shown to the public inside a cage hung from one corner of the building. In 1824 his remains were buried in the vault reserved for the viceroys and presidents in the cathedral of Mexico. His remains were moved in 1925 to the Independence Column in Mexico City.

Legacy

Allende is a national hero of Mexico. Places named in his honor include the municipal district and city of San Miguel de Allende in the state of Guanajuato, the municipal district of Allende, Chihuahua, the municipality of Talpa de Allende in Jalisco, Allende, Nuevo León, Allende, Coahuila, and Allende metro station, in Mexico City.

See also

References

  1. "Allende". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 27 July 2019.
  2. "Allende Gossens". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 27 July 2019.
  3. "Allende, Salvador". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 2021-08-07.
  4. "Allende, Isabel". Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. Longman. Retrieved 20 August 2019.
  5. "Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla". Mexico Desconocido (in Spanish). Mexico City: Grupo Editorial Impresiones Aéreas. Archived from the original on November 21, 2008. Retrieved November 27, 2008.
  6. "¿Quien fue Hidalgo?" (in Spanish). Mexico: INAH. Archived from the original on September 21, 2008. Retrieved November 27, 2009.

External links

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