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{{Short description|Style of pale ale from Ireland}}
{| cellpadding=2 cellspacing=2 align=right width=256px style="border: 1px solid #CC9; font-size: 95%; background-color: #F1D77F"
{{Infobox beer style
|-
| name = Irish red ale
!style="background:#F6E6AE; font-size: 130%" align=center colspan=2|''<center>Irish Red Ale</center>''
| bgcolour =
|-
| image = O'Haras Irish Red Ale.jpg
|align=center colspan=2|]
| imagesize =
|- style="background:#F6E6AE;"
| caption = O'Hara's Irish Red Ale in a pint glass, poured from a can.
|Country of Origin
|] | origin = ]
| yeast = ]
|- style="background:#F6E6AE;"
| alcohol = 3.8% - 6%
|]
| color = 11 - 18
|1036-1065
| bitterness = 15 - 30
|- style="background:#F6E6AE;"
| originalgravity = 1036-1065
|]
|1010-1016 | finalgravity = 1010-1016
| maltpercentage = 90-100
|- style="background:#F6E6AE;"
| examples =
|Bitterness ]
}}
|20-35
|- style="background:#F6E6AE;"
|Color (])
|8-15
|- style="background:#F6E6AE;"
|]
|60-70
|- style="background:#F6E6AE;"
|] type
|Ale
|- style="background:#F6E6AE;"
|] percentage
|90-100
|- style="background:#F6E6AE;"
|]
|3.5-6.5%
|- style="background:#F6E6AE;"
|Serving Temperature
|50-55°F
|- style="background:#F6E6AE;"
|] style #
|9D
|-
|align=center colspan=2|<small>This article forms part of a series on ]s and ] of the world.</small>
|}


'''Irish red ale''' ({{Langx|ga|leann dearg}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.beertools.com/library/recipe.php?view=10095|title=Recipe Library - Leann Dearg|website=BeerTools.com }}</ref>), also known as '''red ale''' or '''Irish ale''', is a style of ] that is brewed using a moderate amount of kilned malts and roasted barley, giving the beer its red colour. Its strength typically ranges from 3.8% to 4.8% ], although some craft varieties can be as high as 6%.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.craftbeer.com/styles/irish-style-red|title=Irish-style Red Beer|work=CraftBeer.com|access-date=1 October 2021}}</ref>
'''Irish red ale''' is a type of ] originating in ]. The slightly reddish colour comes from the use of roasted ], in addition to the ]. The beers are typically fairly low in alcohol (3.5% ABV typically), although stronger export versions are brewed.


In the United States, "Irish red" is sometimes used to describe a darker ] or a "red" beer that is a ] with caramel colouring. However, these beers are not Irish red ales.
A red ale tastes less bitter or hoppy than an English ale, with a pronounced malty, caramel flavor.


==History==
In ] the name can describe a darker ], and some large commercial breweries produce a "red" beer that is actually a ] with artificial coloring, such as ] Killian's Irish Red.
The true origins of Irish Red Ale are unknown. It is said that ale has been brewed in ] city, at ], since the 14th century. Commercial brewing, distilling, malting and milling took place in the city in the 18th century by a merchant class of predominantly Catholic families, namely Archdeakin, Brennan, Cormick, Connell, Dullard, Hyland, Kinchella, McCreary, Meighan, Smithwick, Sullivan and Watters. Conditions for brewing and distilling in Kilkenny were ideal, and by 1782 there were eight distilleries in the city. Due to ]'s favourable climate, the city's agricultural hinterland provided abundant yields of corn, wheat and barley. Further, as noted by MP and brewer Richard Sullivan in 1834, the nearby ] provided brewers and distillers in the city with a plentiful supply of coal.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/9123/1/THE%20HYLANDS%20OF%20CLONMORAN.pdf|title=The Hylands of Clonmoran|work=]|access-date=1 October 2021 }}</ref>


], Kilkenny]]
==Examples==
Perhaps the most well known Irish red ale is ], which traces its lineage to 1710, with the establishment of John Smithwick's brewery at St. Francis Abbey. The venture was short-lived and the brewery was sold by the family. This was commonplace in Kilkenny at the time, as periods of political instability and sporadic famine in Ireland in the 18th and 19th centuries weighed heavily on the industry. John's grandson, Edmond Smithwick, acquired the St. Francis Abbey brewery in 1827 from the Brennans and greatly expanded its operations.<ref name=":0" />
*] Ale
*] Ale
*]


The company was acquired by ] in 1965 and the current brand was launched, replacing other now discontinued beers brewed by Smithwick's, such as 'Time ale' and 'Time barley wine'. In 1987, Guinness developed an export-only brand of Smithwick's known as ], which has since evolved into its own distinct variant, with a redder colour, more bitter taste and foamier head.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ratebeer.com/beer/kilkenny/4788/ |title=Kilkenny |website=RateBeer.com }}</ref>

While ale had been brewed for centuries in Ireland, the term "Irish red ale" was rarely, if ever, used in Ireland. It was popularised in the ] to describe a style of reddish-amber ale that has its roots in Ireland. In 1981, ] licensed ] from ], which became one of the top selling specialty beer brands in the United States. Killian's Irish Red, which is actually an ], popularised the name "Irish red ale" to such an extent that the term was imported back into Ireland by many craft brewers as a classification.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://beerandbrewing.com/dictionary/ErBHSHyDMW/|title=Irish red ale|work=BeerandBrewing.com|access-date=1 October 2021 }}</ref>

In 2013, the Smithwick's brewery in Kilkenny was finally closed and all brewing moved to ] in Dublin. In order to keep the tradition of Kilkenny brewing alive, descendants of both the Smithwick and Sullivan families opened a new brewery in Kilkenny in 2016 and relaunched the Sullivan's brand, which had been discontinued in 1918. Sullivan's claims it can trace it's lineage to a brewery on James's Street in 1702, which would make it the oldest branded red ale.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sullivansbrewingcompany.com/brand-story/|title=Our Story|work=Sullivan's Brewing Company|access-date=1 October 2021 }}</ref>

==Style==
The colour of Irish red ale is in the 11 to 18 range as defined by the ] (SRM). The style of beer is characterised by its malt profile, which typically includes a caramel or toffee-like sweetness. Irish red ales have a dry finish and a low to moderate bitterness of 15-30 ]. Due to its sweet taste and relatively low alcohol content, Irish red ales are very popular with American craft brewers. Kilkenny and Smithwick's are by far the most common macro-brewed varieties.<ref name=Beoir>{{cite web | title = The Irish Red Paradox | publisher = Beoir | year = 2011 | url = http://www.beoir.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=175:the-irish-red-paradox&catid=33:beoir-meets&Itemid=95 | access-date = 12 May 2011}}</ref>

==By region==
===Ireland===
]]]
]
], Ireland]]
], ]]]
]
*]
**]

*]
**] Rebel Red
**]
**8 Degrees Irish Red

*]
**Costello's
**]
**Sullivan's Maltings
**]{{efn|Brewed in Dublin by ] since 2013.}}

*]
**Heaney's Red Ale
**Heaney's Modern Red

*]
**Porterhouse Red
**Rascal's Big Hop Red
**J.W. Sweetman Irish Red Ale
**Dublin Red

*]
**]
**Bay Ale Red

*]
**Rye River Red Ale

*]
**Thomond Red Ale
**Bill's Red Ale

*]
**Lough Gill Anderson's Red Ale

*]
**White Gypsy Ruby Red

*]
**Copper Coast Red Ale

*]
**Yellowbelly Red Noir Dark Ale

===Canada===

*]
**Garrison Irish Red Ale

===United States===

*]
**]

*]
**]

*]
**]

*]
**Lucky SOB Red Ale<ref>{{cite web | title = Lucky SOB Irish Red Ale - Flying Dog | publisher = untappd | year = 2022 | url = http://www.beoir.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=175:the-irish-red-paradox&catid=33:beoir-meets&Itemid=95https://untappd.com/b/flying-dog-brewery-lucky-sob-irish-red-ale/29082 | access-date = 15 July 2022}}</ref>

*]
**]

*]
**]

==See also==
*]
*]

==Notes==
{{NoteFoot}}
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

]
]
]
]
]
] ]

Latest revision as of 22:40, 5 November 2024

Style of pale ale from Ireland
Irish red ale
O'Hara's Irish Red Ale in a pint glass, poured from a can.
Country of originIreland
Yeast typeAle
Alcohol by volume3.8% - 6%
Color (SRM)11 - 18
Bitterness (IBU)15 - 30
Original gravity1036-1065
Final gravity1010-1016
Malt percentage90-100

Irish red ale (Irish: leann dearg), also known as red ale or Irish ale, is a style of pale ale that is brewed using a moderate amount of kilned malts and roasted barley, giving the beer its red colour. Its strength typically ranges from 3.8% to 4.8% alcohol by volume, although some craft varieties can be as high as 6%.

In the United States, "Irish red" is sometimes used to describe a darker amber ale or a "red" beer that is a lager with caramel colouring. However, these beers are not Irish red ales.

History

The true origins of Irish Red Ale are unknown. It is said that ale has been brewed in Kilkenny city, at St. Francis Abbey, since the 14th century. Commercial brewing, distilling, malting and milling took place in the city in the 18th century by a merchant class of predominantly Catholic families, namely Archdeakin, Brennan, Cormick, Connell, Dullard, Hyland, Kinchella, McCreary, Meighan, Smithwick, Sullivan and Watters. Conditions for brewing and distilling in Kilkenny were ideal, and by 1782 there were eight distilleries in the city. Due to County Kilkenny's favourable climate, the city's agricultural hinterland provided abundant yields of corn, wheat and barley. Further, as noted by MP and brewer Richard Sullivan in 1834, the nearby Castlecomer Plateau provided brewers and distillers in the city with a plentiful supply of coal.

St. Francis Abbey Brewery, Kilkenny

Perhaps the most well known Irish red ale is Smithwick's, which traces its lineage to 1710, with the establishment of John Smithwick's brewery at St. Francis Abbey. The venture was short-lived and the brewery was sold by the family. This was commonplace in Kilkenny at the time, as periods of political instability and sporadic famine in Ireland in the 18th and 19th centuries weighed heavily on the industry. John's grandson, Edmond Smithwick, acquired the St. Francis Abbey brewery in 1827 from the Brennans and greatly expanded its operations.

The company was acquired by Guinness in 1965 and the current brand was launched, replacing other now discontinued beers brewed by Smithwick's, such as 'Time ale' and 'Time barley wine'. In 1987, Guinness developed an export-only brand of Smithwick's known as Kilkenny, which has since evolved into its own distinct variant, with a redder colour, more bitter taste and foamier head.

While ale had been brewed for centuries in Ireland, the term "Irish red ale" was rarely, if ever, used in Ireland. It was popularised in the United States to describe a style of reddish-amber ale that has its roots in Ireland. In 1981, Coors licensed Killian's Irish Red from Heineken France, which became one of the top selling specialty beer brands in the United States. Killian's Irish Red, which is actually an amber lager, popularised the name "Irish red ale" to such an extent that the term was imported back into Ireland by many craft brewers as a classification.

In 2013, the Smithwick's brewery in Kilkenny was finally closed and all brewing moved to St. James's Gate in Dublin. In order to keep the tradition of Kilkenny brewing alive, descendants of both the Smithwick and Sullivan families opened a new brewery in Kilkenny in 2016 and relaunched the Sullivan's brand, which had been discontinued in 1918. Sullivan's claims it can trace it's lineage to a brewery on James's Street in 1702, which would make it the oldest branded red ale.

Style

The colour of Irish red ale is in the 11 to 18 range as defined by the Standard Reference Method (SRM). The style of beer is characterised by its malt profile, which typically includes a caramel or toffee-like sweetness. Irish red ales have a dry finish and a low to moderate bitterness of 15-30 IBU. Due to its sweet taste and relatively low alcohol content, Irish red ales are very popular with American craft brewers. Kilkenny and Smithwick's are by far the most common macro-brewed varieties.

By region

Ireland

A sign for Kilkenny Red Ale in Germany
Franciscan Well Rebel Red
Sign for Sullivan's Brewery in Kilkenny, Ireland
Murphy's Irish Red for sale in Oviedo, Spain
Samuel Adams Irish Red Ale
  • Derry
    • Heaney's Red Ale
    • Heaney's Modern Red
  • Dublin
    • Porterhouse Red
    • Rascal's Big Hop Red
    • J.W. Sweetman Irish Red Ale
    • Dublin Red
  • Sligo
    • Lough Gill Anderson's Red Ale
  • Wexford
    • Yellowbelly Red Noir Dark Ale

Canada

United States

See also

Notes

  1. Brewed in Dublin by Diageo since 2013.

References

  1. "Recipe Library - Leann Dearg". BeerTools.com.
  2. "Irish-style Red Beer". CraftBeer.com. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  3. ^ "The Hylands of Clonmoran" (PDF). Maynooth University. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  4. "Kilkenny". RateBeer.com.
  5. "Irish red ale". BeerandBrewing.com. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  6. "Our Story". Sullivan's Brewing Company. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  7. "The Irish Red Paradox". Beoir. 2011. Retrieved 12 May 2011.
  8. "Lucky SOB Irish Red Ale - Flying Dog". untappd. 2022. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
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