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{{Short description|Natural and historical region of Central and Eastern Europe}}
{{Redirect|Polesie}} {{Redirect|Polesie}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}
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| name = Polesia | name = Polesia
| official_name = | official_name =
| native_name = Пале́ссе, Полісся | native_name = {{lang|be|Палессе}}{{•}}{{lang|uk|Полісся}}
| native_name_lang = | native_name_lang =
| other_name = Polesie | other_name = Polesie
| settlement_type = Natural and historical region | settlement_type = Natural and historical region
| image_skyline = Река_Уборть1.jpg | image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| imagesize =
| total_width = 270
| image_alt =
| image_style = border:1;
| image_caption = ] near the city of ] (], Ukraine)
| perrow = 1/2/2
| image1 = Река_Уборть1.jpg{{!}}Ubort River near the city of Olevsk (Zhytomyr Oblast, Ukraine)
| image2 = Пінскія замалёўкі. (08).jpg{{!}}Former Jesuit Collegium, Pinsk
| image3 = Гомель. Советская 3. Фото 13.JPG{{!}}Homel
}}
| image_caption = {{hlist|Left to right: ] near the city of ], Ukraine|]|]}}
<!-- maps and coordinates ------> <!-- maps and coordinates ------>
| image_map = Polesia map - topography.jpg | image_map = Polesia map - topography.jpg
| mapsize = | mapsize =
| map_alt = | map_alt =
| map_caption = Polesia marked in dark green | map_caption = ] marked in dark green
<!-- location ------------------> <!-- location ------------------>
| subdivision_type = Countries | subdivision_type = Countries
| subdivision_name = ], ], ] and ] | subdivision_name = ], ], and ]
| subdivision_type1 = | subdivision_type1 =
| subdivision_name1 = | subdivision_name1 =
| seat_type = Largest city
| subdivision_type2 =
| seat = ]
| subdivision_name2 = <!-- etc., subdivision_type6 / subdivision_name6 -->
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}} }}
'''Polesia''', '''Polesie''' or '''Polesye''' ({{lang-be|Пале́ссе}} ''Paliessie'', {{lang-uk|Полі́сся}} ''Polissia'' or ''Polisia'', {{lang-pl|Polesie}} {{IPA-pl|pɔˈlɛɕɛ|}}, {{lang-ru|Поле́сье}} ''Poles'e'' {{IPA-ru|pɐˈlʲesʲɪ|}}) is a natural and historical region of ], stretching from parts of Eastern ], straddling the ] - ] border, and into western ].<ref name="buffalo">{{cite web |url=http://info-poland.buffalo.edu/web/geography/regions/polesie/link.shtml |title=Polesie |publisher=University at Buffalo, New York. Polish Academic Information Center |accessdate=2 May 2014 |quote=''Once part of the Grand Dutchy of Lithuania, Polesie was largely part of Poland in the 1921-39 period when the country's largest provinces bore that name.''}}</ref> One of the largest forest areas on the continent, Polesie is located in the south-western part of the ], the ]. On the western side, Polesie originates at the crossing of the ] valley in ] and the ] valley of ].<ref name="MAB">{{cite web |url=http://westpolesie.org/ |title=Presentation of West Polesie Transboundary Biosphere Reserve (Belarus/Poland/Ukraine) |publisher=West Polesie.org |work=Nomination Form prepared in Warsaw, Kiev, and Minsk by National UNESCO-MAB Committees, and introduced to UNESCO in a May 2007 Nomination |accessdate=2 May 2014 |author=Alicja Breymeyer}}</ref> The swampy areas of central Polesie are known as the ] (after the major local city of ]). Large parts of the region were contaminated after the ] and the region now includes the ] and ], named after the region.


'''Polesia''', also called '''Polissia''', '''Polesie''', or '''Polesye''',{{efn|{{bulleted list|{{langx|be|Палессе|Palyessye}} {{IPA|be|paˈlʲesʲːe|}}|{{langx|uk|Полісся|Polissia}} {{IPA|uk|poˈlʲisʲːɐ|}}|{{langx|pl|Polesie}} {{IPA|pl|pɔˈlɛɕɛ||LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-Polesie.wav}}|{{langx|ru|Полесье|Polesye}}|{{langx|la|Tractus Polesiensis}}<ref>{{ill|Michał Baliński|pl}}, {{ill|Tymoteusz Lipiński|pl}}, ''Starożytna Polska: pod względem historycznym, jeograficznym i statystycznym'', Volume 3, 1846, </ref>}}}} is a natural (geographic) and ] in ] within the bigger ], including part of eastern ] and the ] ].<ref name="buffalo">{{cite web |url=http://info-poland.buffalo.edu/web/geography/regions/polesie/link.shtml |title=Polesie |publisher=University at Buffalo, New York. Polish Academic Information Center |access-date=2 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160907230558/http://info-poland.buffalo.edu/web/geography/regions/polesie/link.shtml |archive-date=7 September 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> This region should not be confused with parts of ] also traditionally ].
==Name==

The name Polesia/Polissia/Polesye, etc. may reflect the Slavic root ''les'', which means "forest", and the Slavic prefix ''po-'', which means "on", "in", or "along"<ref name ="mould2000">Compare {{cite book |last=Mould |first=R. F. |title= Chernobyl Record: The Definitive History of the Chernobyl Catastrophe |publisher= Institute of Physics Publishing |year= 2000 |location= Bristol, UK |isbn= 0-7503-0670-X}}</ref> or be derived from the ] root ''*pel-''/''*pal-'', which means "wet lowland", "swamp" <ref>Катонова Е. М. Балто-славянские контакты и проблема этимологии гидронимов // Проблемы этногенеза и этнической истории балтов. Тезисы докладов. — Вильнюс, 1981. — С. 96-98.</ref>. Inhabitants of Polesia are called ]s.
== Extent ==
One of the largest forest areas on the continent, Polesia is located in the southwestern part of the ], the ]. On the western side, Polesia originates at the crossing of the ] valley in ] and the ] valley of ].<ref name="MAB">{{cite web |url=http://westpolesie.org/ |title=Presentation of West Polesie Transboundary Biosphere Reserve (Belarus/Poland/Ukraine) |publisher=West Polesie.org |work=Nomination Form prepared in Warsaw, Kyiv and Minsk by National UNESCO-MAB Committees, and introduced to UNESCO in a May 2007 Nomination |access-date=2 May 2014 |author=Alicja Breymeyer |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502051705/http://westpolesie.org/ |archive-date=2 May 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The westernmost part of the region, located in Poland and around ], historically also formed part of the historic region of ], and is also referred to as such. The modern Polish part was not considered part of Polesia by the late 19th-century '']'', which defined the region as roughly a triangle between the cities of Brest in the west, ] in the northeast and ] in the southeast.<ref name=sgk>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom VIII|year=1887|language=pl|location=Warszawa|page=}}</ref> The swampy areas of central Polesia are known as the ] (after the major local city of ]). Large parts of the region were contaminated after the ] and the region now includes the ] and ], named after the region.

<gallery>
File:Палеская правінцыя (2001).svg|Polesie within Belarus
File:Regions of Ukrainian Polesia.svg|Geographic regions of Polesie (Polissia) within Ukraine
File:Krainy-historyczne-Polski.png|Polesia (''Polesie'') and other historical lands of Poland against the background of modern administrative borders (names in Polish)
</gallery>

== Name ==
The names ''Polesia/Polissia/Polesye'', etc. are constructed from the ] root ''les'' 'forest', and the prefix '']'', which in the meaning of 'on, by, along' is used to create place names.<ref name ="mould2000">Compare {{cite book |last=Mould |first=R. F. |title= Chernobyl Record: The Definitive History of the Chernobyl Catastrophe |publisher= Institute of Physics Publishing |year= 2000 |location= Bristol, UK |isbn= 0-7503-0670-X}}</ref> Inhabitants of Polesia are called ]s.

== History ==
])]]
In ancient times, the areas of today's western and west-central Polesia were inhabited by the people of the ], the ].<ref>David Asheri, Alan B. Lloyd, Aldo Corcella, '' A commentary on Herodotus Books I-IV '', edited by Oswyn Murray, Alfonso Moreno, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2007, p. 589</ref>

In the late Middle Ages Polesia became part of the ], following it into the ] (1569). It was annexed by ] in the late-18th-century ]. Polesia was largely part of ] from 1921 to 1939, when the country's largest province, the ], bore that name,<ref name="buffalo"/> with the eastern part forming part of the ], within which the ] was created in 1938. From 1931 to 1944, it was explicitly mentioned as constituent part of the short-lived (]) ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/former/wolh0.htm|title=Apostolic Exarchate of Volhynia, Polesia and Pidliashia (Ukrainian Rite)|website=GCatholic}}</ref>
]

Following the 1939 ], most of the region was under ], with the western outskirts under German occupation until 1941, and then the entire region, including the pre-war Soviet-controlled part, was under German occupation until 1943–1944. Since the end of World War II, the region has encompassed areas in eastern Poland, southern Belarus, and northwestern Ukraine.{{cn|date=August 2024}}


== Geography == == Geography ==
Polesia is a marshy region lining the ] (]) in Southern Belarus (], ], ], ]), Northern Ukraine (in the ], ], ], ], and ]s), and partly in Poland (]) and Russia (]). It is a ] within the ]s of the ] and ] rivers. The two rivers are connected by the ], built during the reign of ], the last king of the ]. Polesia is a marshy region lining the ] (]) in Southern Belarus (], ], ], ]), Northern Ukraine (in the ], ], ], ] and ]s), and partly in Poland (]). It is a flatland within the ]s of the ] and ] rivers. The two rivers are connected by the ], built during the reign of ], the last king of the ].


Notable tributaries of the Pripyat are the ], Stokhod, ], ], and ] rivers. The largest towns in the Pripyat basin are ], ], ]. Huge marshes were reclaimed from the 1960s to the 1980s for ]land. The reclamation is believed to have harmed the environment along the course of the Pripyat. Notable tributaries of the Pripyat are the ], ], ], ], and ] rivers. The largest towns in the Pripyat basin are ], ], ]. Huge marshes were reclaimed from the 1960s to the 1980s for ]land.{{clarify|the prose should clarify who chose to do the reclamation? under what political regime? local Poland jurisdiction? local Byelorussian? local Ukrainian Soveit republic? local Russian Soviet republic? or what?|date=October 2022}}


The region is subdivided into several subregions among which are:{{cn|date=June 2024}}
This region suffered severely from the ]. Huge areas were polluted by ] elements. The most polluted part includes the ] and the adjacent ]. Some other areas in the region are considered unsuitable for living as well.<ref name="ICRINzonesmap">{{cite web |author= |title=Zoning of radioactively contaminated territory of Ukraine according to actual regulations |publisher=ICRIN |year=2004 |url=http://www.chernobyl.info/Default.aspx?tabid=130&map=58_en|accessdate=25 April 2012}}</ref>
;Poland
* ]
;Ukraine
* {{ill|Volhynian Polissia|uk|Волинське Полісся}}
* {{ill|Little Polissia|uk|Мале Полісся}}, a.ka. Lviv Polissia
* {{ill|Zhytomyr Polissia|uk|Житомирське Полісся}}
* {{ill|Kyiv Polissia|uk|Київське Полісся}}
* {{ill|Chernihiv Polissia|uk|Чернігівське Полісся}}
* {{ill|Novhorod-Siverskyi Polissia|uk|Новгород-Сіверське Полісся}}
;Belarus
* Brest Paliessie
* Zaharodzie
* Prypiat Paliessie
* Mazyr Paliessie
* Homiel Paliessie


According to the late 19th-century ''Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland'' Polesie was divided into Northern Polesia, itself divided into Upper Polesia or Pinsk Polesia and Lower Polesia or Mazyr Polesia, and Southern Polesia, itself divided into Volhynian Polesia (overlapping northern ]) and Drevlian Polesia.<ref name=sgk/>
Polesia has rarely been a separate administrative unit. However, there was a ] during the ], as well as a ] in ].


===Chernobyl disaster===
==Tourism==
This region suffered severely from the ]. Huge areas were polluted by ] elements. The most polluted part includes the ] and the adjacent ]. Some other areas in the region are considered unsuitable for living as well.<ref name="ICRINzonesmap">{{cite web |title=Zoning of radioactively contaminated territory of Ukraine according to actual regulations |publisher=ICRIN |year=2004 |url=http://www.chernobyl.info/Default.aspx?tabid=130&map=58_en |access-date=25 April 2012 |archive-date=18 February 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130218024359/http://www.chernobyl.info/Default.aspx?tabid=130&map=58_en |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Tourism ==
The Polish part of the region includes the ] (''Poleski Park Narodowy''), established 1990, which covers an area of {{convert|97.6|km2|sqmi}}. This and a wider area adjoining it (up to the Ukrainian border) make up the ]-designated West Polesie ], which borders a similar reserve (the ]) on the Ukrainian side. There is also a ] called Pribuzhskoye-Polesie in the Belarusian part of the region. The Polish part of the region includes the ] (''Poleski Park Narodowy''), established 1990, which covers an area of {{convert|97.6|km2|sqmi}}. This and a wider area adjoining it (up to the Ukrainian border) make up the ]-designated West Polesie ], which borders a similar reserve (the ]) on the Ukrainian side. There is also a ] called Pribuzhskoye-Polesie in the Belarusian part of the region.


The wooden architecture structures in the region were added to the ] ] Tentative List on 30 January 2004 in the Cultural category.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1901/ |title=Worship wooden architecture (17th -18th centuries) in Polesye - UNESCO World Heritage Centre |publisher=Whc.unesco.org |date=2004-01-30 |accessdate=2013-01-13}}</ref> The wooden architecture structures in the region were added to the ] ] Tentative List on 30 January 2004 in the Cultural category.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1901/ |title=Worship wooden architecture (17th -18th centuries) in Polesye - UNESCO World Heritage Centre |publisher=Whc.unesco.org |date=2004-01-30 |access-date=2013-01-13}}</ref>


== See also ==
The Ukrainian Polesia had its own tradition of folk icon-painting. The images of the saints are peaceful and stable, having deep eyes. The plots were often depicted on the background of landscapes with trees, sky, forests etc. The Ukrainian Polesia's icons' collection is the part of the exhibition of the ] in the Historical and cultural complex "]".<ref>Богомолець. О. "Замок-музей Радомисль на Шляху Королів Via Regia". — Київ, 2013</ref>

==See also==
* ]
* ]
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ]
*{{ill|Polesian Saddle|be|Палеская седлавіна}}, large tectonic structure in southwestern Belarus
There are areas in Russia traditionally called Polesie ({{langx|ru|Полесье}}) as well. However there the origin of the term is different: historically it referred to transitional areas from woodless fields to densely wooded territory.<ref>{{cite Efron|Полесье}}</ref>
* {{ill|Oryol-Kaluga Polesie|ru|Орловско-Калужское полесье}} straddling the border of ] and ]s
**]
*] (Брянско-Жиздринское Полесье) is a forest area with about 1% swamps within the slightly elevated ] in the south-west of ] between rivers {{ill|Resseta|ru|Рессета}} and ].<ref></ref><ref></ref>


==Further reading== ==Notes==
{{notelist}}
*Пазинич В. Походження Поліських озер та параболічних дюн
*Пазинич В.Г. Происхождение Полесских озер и параболических дюн
*Pazynych V. Origin of Polesie lakes and parabolic dunes


==References== == References ==
{{reflist}} {{reflist}}


== Further reading ==
==External links==
* Пазинич В., Походження Поліських озер та параболічних дюн (Ukrainian)/Пазинич В.Г., Происхождение Полесских озер и параболических дюн (Russian)
* Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropaforschung, Heft 3/2019: ''Polesia: Modernity in the Marshlands. Interventions and Transformations at the European Periphery from the Nineteenth to the Twenty-first Century'' Online:
*{{SgKP|VIII|579|Polesie (pp. 579-587)}}

== External links ==
{{commons category|Polesia}} {{commons category|Polesia}}
* * {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814134402/http://www.radozamok.com.ua/en/ |date=14 August 2020 }}
* at the ] * at the ]
* *
*
*



{{Ukrainian historical regions}} {{Ukrainian historical regions}}
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{{coord missing|Ukraine}} {{coord missing|Ukraine}}


]
] ]
] ]
]
] ]
]
] ]

Latest revision as of 06:02, 27 December 2024

Natural and historical region of Central and Eastern Europe "Polesie" redirects here. For other uses, see Polesie (disambiguation).

Natural and historical region
Polesia Палессе • ПоліссяPolesie
Natural and historical region
Polesian Lowland marked in dark greenPolesian Lowland marked in dark green
CountriesBelarus, Poland, and Ukraine
Largest cityHomel

Polesia, also called Polissia, Polesie, or Polesye, is a natural (geographic) and historical region in Eastern Europe within the bigger East European Plain, including part of eastern Poland and the Belarus–Ukraine border region. This region should not be confused with parts of Russia also traditionally called "Polesie".

Extent

One of the largest forest areas on the continent, Polesia is located in the southwestern part of the Eastern-European Lowland, the Polesian Lowland. On the western side, Polesia originates at the crossing of the Bug River valley in Poland and the Pripyat River valley of Western Ukraine. The westernmost part of the region, located in Poland and around Brest, Belarus, historically also formed part of the historic region of Podlachia, and is also referred to as such. The modern Polish part was not considered part of Polesia by the late 19th-century Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland, which defined the region as roughly a triangle between the cities of Brest in the west, Mogilev in the northeast and Kyiv in the southeast. The swampy areas of central Polesia are known as the Pinsk Marshes (after the major local city of Pinsk). Large parts of the region were contaminated after the Chernobyl disaster and the region now includes the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone and Polesie State Radioecological Reserve, named after the region.

  • Polesie within Belarus Polesie within Belarus
  • Geographic regions of Polesie (Polissia) within Ukraine Geographic regions of Polesie (Polissia) within Ukraine
  • Polesia (Polesie) and other historical lands of Poland against the background of modern administrative borders (names in Polish) Polesia (Polesie) and other historical lands of Poland against the background of modern administrative borders (names in Polish)

Name

The names Polesia/Polissia/Polesye, etc. are constructed from the East Slavic root les 'forest', and the prefix po-, which in the meaning of 'on, by, along' is used to create place names. Inhabitants of Polesia are called Polishchuks.

History

Polesia in 1613 (detail of Radziwiłł map)

In ancient times, the areas of today's western and west-central Polesia were inhabited by the people of the Milograd culture, the Neuri.

In the late Middle Ages Polesia became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, following it into the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569). It was annexed by Russia in the late-18th-century Partitions of Poland. Polesia was largely part of Poland from 1921 to 1939, when the country's largest province, the Polesie Voivodeship, bore that name, with the eastern part forming part of the Byelorussian SSR, within which the Polesia Region was created in 1938. From 1931 to 1944, it was explicitly mentioned as constituent part of the short-lived (Byzantine Rite) Ukrainian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Volhynia, Polesia and Pidliashia.

Polesia in May 1920

Following the 1939 invasion of Poland, most of the region was under Soviet occupation, with the western outskirts under German occupation until 1941, and then the entire region, including the pre-war Soviet-controlled part, was under German occupation until 1943–1944. Since the end of World War II, the region has encompassed areas in eastern Poland, southern Belarus, and northwestern Ukraine.

Geography

Polesia is a marshy region lining the Pripyat River (Pripyat Marshes) in Southern Belarus (Brest, Pinsk, Kalinkavichy, Gomel), Northern Ukraine (in the Volyn, Rivne, Zhytomyr, Kyiv and Chernihiv Oblasts), and partly in Poland (Lublin). It is a flatland within the drainage basins of the Western Bug and Prypyat rivers. The two rivers are connected by the Dnieper-Bug Canal, built during the reign of Stanislaus II of Poland, the last king of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Notable tributaries of the Pripyat are the Horyn, Stokhid, Styr, Ptsich, and Yaselda rivers. The largest towns in the Pripyat basin are Pinsk, Stolin, Davyd-Haradok. Huge marshes were reclaimed from the 1960s to the 1980s for farmland.

The region is subdivided into several subregions among which are:

Poland
Ukraine
Belarus
  • Brest Paliessie
  • Zaharodzie
  • Prypiat Paliessie
  • Mazyr Paliessie
  • Homiel Paliessie

According to the late 19th-century Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland Polesie was divided into Northern Polesia, itself divided into Upper Polesia or Pinsk Polesia and Lower Polesia or Mazyr Polesia, and Southern Polesia, itself divided into Volhynian Polesia (overlapping northern Volhynia) and Drevlian Polesia.

Chernobyl disaster

This region suffered severely from the Chernobyl disaster. Huge areas were polluted by radioactive elements. The most polluted part includes the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone and the adjacent Polesie State Radioecological Reserve. Some other areas in the region are considered unsuitable for living as well.

Tourism

The Polish part of the region includes the Polesie National Park (Poleski Park Narodowy), established 1990, which covers an area of 97.6 square kilometres (37.7 sq mi). This and a wider area adjoining it (up to the Ukrainian border) make up the UNESCO-designated West Polesie Biosphere Reserve, which borders a similar reserve (the Shatskiy Biosphere Reserve) on the Ukrainian side. There is also a protected area called Pribuzhskoye-Polesie in the Belarusian part of the region.

The wooden architecture structures in the region were added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List on 30 January 2004 in the Cultural category.

See also

There are areas in Russia traditionally called Polesie (Russian: Полесье) as well. However there the origin of the term is different: historically it referred to transitional areas from woodless fields to densely wooded territory.

Notes

References

  1. Michał Baliński [pl], Tymoteusz Lipiński [pl], Starożytna Polska: pod względem historycznym, jeograficznym i statystycznym, Volume 3, 1846, p. 834
  2. ^ "Polesie". University at Buffalo, New York. Polish Academic Information Center. Archived from the original on 7 September 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2014.
  3. Alicja Breymeyer. "Presentation of West Polesie Transboundary Biosphere Reserve (Belarus/Poland/Ukraine)". Nomination Form prepared in Warsaw, Kyiv and Minsk by National UNESCO-MAB Committees, and introduced to UNESCO in a May 2007 Nomination. West Polesie.org. Archived from the original on 2 May 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2014.
  4. ^ Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom VIII (in Polish). Warszawa. 1887. p. 579-587.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  5. Compare Mould, R. F. (2000). Chernobyl Record: The Definitive History of the Chernobyl Catastrophe. Bristol, UK: Institute of Physics Publishing. ISBN 0-7503-0670-X.
  6. David Asheri, Alan B. Lloyd, Aldo Corcella, A commentary on Herodotus Books I-IV , edited by Oswyn Murray, Alfonso Moreno, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2007, p. 589
  7. "Apostolic Exarchate of Volhynia, Polesia and Pidliashia (Ukrainian Rite)". GCatholic.
  8. "Zoning of radioactively contaminated territory of Ukraine according to actual regulations". ICRIN. 2004. Archived from the original on 18 February 2013. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
  9. "Worship wooden architecture (17th -18th centuries) in Polesye - UNESCO World Heritage Centre". Whc.unesco.org. 30 January 2004. Retrieved 13 January 2013.
  10.  "Полесье" . Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (in Russian). 1906.
  11. Брянско-Жиздринское Полесье
  12. ecology.gpntb.ru > Экология в библиотечном мире > Центральный федеральный округ > Калужская область

Further reading


External links


Historical regions in present-day Ukraine
Geographical regions
States and tribes of classical antiquity
and the Early Middle Ages
Principalities of Kyivan Rus'
Post-Mongol era regions
Polish–Lithuanian regions
Ottoman provinces
Cossack regions
Imperial Russian regions
Austro-Hungarian provinces
20th-century regions and states
Ethno-Ukrainian regions abroad

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