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{{Short description|16th-17th century Ashkenazi rabbi and mystic}}
⚫ ] ], ], ]]]
{{more citations needed|date=April 2019}}
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'''Isaiah ben Abraham Horowitz''' ({{lang-he-n|ישעיה הלוי הורוויץ}}), (c. 1555<ref name=je/><ref name=Trachtenberg/> – March 24, 1630), also known as the '''''Shelah ha-Kadosh''''' (the holy ''Shelah'') after the title of his best-known work, was a prominent Levite ] and ]. '''Isaiah''' or '''Yeshayahu ben Avraham Ha-Levi Horowitz''' ({{langx|he|ישעיה בן אברהם הלוי הורוויץ}}), (c. 1555<ref name=je/><ref name=Trachtenberg/> – March 24, 1630), also known as the '''''Shelah HaKaddosh''''' ({{Script/Hebrew|השל"ה הקדוש}} "the holy ''Shelah''") after the title of his best-known work, was a prominent ] and ].


==Biography== ==Biography==
Isaiah Horovitz was born in ] around 1555.<ref name=je>{{Jewish Encyclopedia|inline=1|title=HOROWITZ, ISAIAH|url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/7876-horowitz-isaiah|accessdate=Jan 5, 2017}}{{break}}'''Jewish Encyclopedia bibliography:'''{{Bulleted list|], ''Ḳore ha-Dorot'', p. 47b;|], ''Shem ha-Gedolim'';|], ''{{abbr|Cat. Bodl.|Catalogue of the Hebrew Books in the Bodleian Library }}'';|], ''<nowiki>'</nowiki>Ammude ha-'Abodah'', pp. 133-134, Berlin, 1862;|], ''Eben Shemuel'', pp. 111-122, Jerusalem and Wilna, 1874;|], ''Frankfurter Rabbinen'', i. 41-44, 58-60 (in which Horowitz's contract with the Frankfort congregation is reproduced);|Pesis, ''<nowiki>'</nowiki>Aṭeret ha-Lewiyim'', Warsaw, 1902.}}</ref><ref name=Trachtenberg>{{Cite book|last=Trachtenberg|first=Joshua|title=Jewish Magic and Superstition|location=Philadelphia|publisher=]|year=2004|origyear=Originally published 1939|isbn=9780812218626|page=319}}</ref> His first teacher was his father, Avraham ben Shabtai Sheftel Horowitz, a notable scholar and author, and a disciple of ] (Rema). Horowitz studied under ] and ]. He married Chaya, daughter of Abraham Moul, of ], and was a wealthy and active philanthropist, supporting ], especially in ]. In 1590, in Lublin, he participated in a meeting of the Council of Four Countries, and his signature is on a decree that condemns the purchase of rabbinic positions. In 1602, was appointed head of Beis Din in Austria, and in 1606 was appointed Rabbi of ]. In 1614, after serving as rabbi in prominent cities in ], he left Frankfurt—following the ]—and assumed the prestigious position of chief rabbi of ]. In 1621, after the death of his wife, he moved to ], was appointed rabbi of the Ashkenazic community in Jerusalem, and married Chava, daughter of R. Eleazer. In 1625, he was kidnapped and imprisoned, together with 15 other Jewish rabbis and scholars, by the ] (Ibn Faruh) and held for ransom. After 1626, Horowitz moved to ], erstwhile home of ], and later died in ] on March 24, 1630 (] 11, 5390 on the ]). Isaiah Horowitz was born in ] around 1555.<ref name=je>{{Jewish Encyclopedia|inline=1|title=HOROWITZ, ISAIAH|url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/7876-horowitz-isaiah|access-date=Jan 5, 2017}}<br />'''''Jewish Encyclopedia'' bibliography:'''{{Bulleted list|], ''Ḳore ha-Dorot'', p. 47b;|], ''Shem ha-Gedolim'';|], ''{{abbr|Cat. Bodl.|Catalogue of the Hebrew Books in the Bodleian Library }}'';|], ''<nowiki>'</nowiki>Ammude ha-'Abodah'', pp. 133-134, Berlin, 1862;|], ''Eben Shemuel'', pp. 111-122, Jerusalem and Wilna, 1874;|], ''Frankfurter Rabbinen'', i. 41-44, 58-60 (in which Horowitz's contract with the Frankfort congregation is reproduced);|Pesis, ''<nowiki>'</nowiki>Aṭeret ha-Lewiyim'', Warsaw, 1902.}}</ref><ref name=Trachtenberg>{{Cite book|last=Trachtenberg|first=Joshua|title=Jewish Magic and Superstition|location=Philadelphia|publisher=]|year=2004|orig-year=Originally published 1939|isbn=9780812218626|page=319}}</ref> His first teacher was his father, ], a notable scholar and author, and a disciple of ] (Rema).<ref>{{Cite book|author=Samuel Joseph Fuenn|author-link=Samuel Joseph Fuenn|script-chapter=he:הר"ר אברהם הלוי הורוויץ בה"ר שבתי שעפטיל|trans-chapter=Rabbi Abraham Horowitz ben Shabbetai|chapter-url=https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=46998&pgnum=20|script-title=he:כנסת ישראל|language=he|publication-place=Warsaw|publication-date=1886|page=20|access-date=Aug 22, 2023}}</ref> Horowitz studied under ], ] and ] He married Chaya, daughter of Abraham Moul, of ], and was a wealthy and active ], supporting ], especially in ]. In 1590, in ], he participated in a meeting of the ], and his signature appears on a decree that condemns the purchase of rabbinic positions.


In 1602, Isaiah Horowitz was appointed ] in ], and in 1606 was appointed Rabbi of ]. In 1614, after serving as rabbi in prominent cities in ], he left following the ] and assumed the prestigious position of chief rabbi of ].
⚫ In his many ], ] and ] works, he stressed the joy in every action, and how one should convert the ] into good, two concepts that influenced Jewish thought through to the eighteenth-century, and greatly influenced the development of the ].


In 1621, after the death of his wife, he moved to ], was appointed rabbi of the ] in Jerusalem, and married Hava, daughter of Eleazer. In 1625, he was kidnapped and imprisoned, together with 15 other Jewish rabbis and scholars, by the ] (Ibn Faruh) and held for ransom. After 1626, Horowitz moved to ], erstwhile home of Kabbalah, and later died in ] on March 24, 1630 (] 11, 5390 on the ]).
Famous descendants of Isaiah Horowitz included ], (Yaakov Yitzchak Horowitz; Hebrew: {{hebrew|יעקב יצחק הורוביץ}}), known as "The Chozeh of Lublin" (Hebrew: {{hebrew|החוזה מלובלין}}, The Seer of Lublin), the prominent Billiczer Rabbinical family of ], Hungary and the Dym family of Rabbis and communal leaders in Galicia. Also ] one of the most prominent student of Rabbi ] founder of ]. and the Fruchter-Langer families.


⚫ In his many ], ] and ] works, he stressed the joy in every action, and how one should convert the ] into good, two concepts that influenced Jewish thought through to the eighteenth-century, and greatly influenced the development of ].
⚫ ==Works==<!-- This section is linked from ] -->
⚫ His most important work ''Shenei Luḥot HaBerit'' ({{lang-he-n|שני לוחות הברית}}, '']''; abbreviated ''Shelah'' {{hebrew|של"ה}}), is an encyclopedic compilation of ritual, ], and ]. It was originally intended as an ] - written as a compendium of the Jewish religion. The title page of the first edition states that the work is "compiled from both ]s, ] and ], ] from ]". The work has had a profound influence on Jewish life - notably, on the early ] movement, including the ]; Rabbi ] was described as a "''Shelah ]''", and ''Shelah'' clearly echoes in '']''. The ''Shelah'' has been often reprinted, especially in an abbreviated form. The work was first published in 1648 by his son, Rabbi ]. See also ] in the ].


Famous descendants of Isaiah Horowitz included ] (known as {{Script/Hebrew|החוזה מלובלין}} "The Seer of Lublin"), the prominent Billiczer rabbinical family of ], ] and the Dym family of rabbis and communal leaders in ], ] (a prominent student of ]), the Fruchter-Langer families, Rabbi Meir Zelig Mann of Memel, Lithuania (b. 1921, d. 2008), and, on their mother's side, the important Yiddish writers ], ], and ],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Charney |first=Daniel |date=1951 |title=Duḳor memuarn; ershṭer ṭayl |url=https://www.yiddishbookcenter.org/collections/yiddish-books/spb-nybc200642/charney-daniel-dukor-memuarn-ershter-tayl |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=www.yiddishbookcenter.org |publisher=Tint un feder |page=34 |language=yiddish |publication-place=Toronto, Canada}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Charney |first=Daniel |url=https://bookshop.org/p/books/dukor-a-memoir-daniel-charney/18826881 |title=Dukor - A Memoir |publisher=JewishGen |year=2022 |edition= |language=en |translator-last=Skakun |translator-first=Michael}}</ref> as well as ].<ref>Wiesel, Elie, and Elie Wiesel Catherine Temerson (Translator). "Rashi (Jewish Encounters)". ISBN 9780805242546. Schocken, January 1, 1970. Web. October 27, 2016.</ref>
⚫ Horowitz also wrote the ''Sha'ar ha-Shamayim'' ] (prayer book) which had an influence on the later ] '']''.


⚫ ==Works==<!-- This section is linked from ] -->
⚫ ==Tefillat HaShlah - The Shelah's Prayer==
⚫ His most important work ''Shenei Luḥot HaBerit'' ({{langx|he|שני לוחות הברית}}, ''] of the Covenant'', abbreviated ''Shelah'' {{Script/Hebrew|של"ה}}), is an encyclopedic compilation of ritual, ], and mysticism. It was originally intended as an ] - written as a compendium of the Jewish tradition. The title page of the first edition states that the work is "compiled from both ]s, ] and ], ] from ]". The work has had a profound influence on Jewish life - notably, on the early Hasidic movement, including the ]; ] was described as a "''Shelah ]''", and ''Shelah'' clearly echoes in his work, '']''. The work was first published in 1648 by his son, ], and has been often reprinted. An abbreviated form by ] appeared in 1683.<ref>{{Cite Jewish Encyclopedia|article=Jehiel N. Epstein|url=https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/5825-epstein#anchor5}}</ref> (See also ] in the ]).
⚫ Rabbi Horowitz wrote that the eve of the first day of the ] of ] is the most auspicious time to pray for the physical and spiritual welfare of one's children and grandchildren, since ] was the month that the ] was given to the Jewish people. He composed a special prayer to be said on this day, known as the Tefillat HaShlah - the Shelah's Prayer. In modern times, the custom of saying this prayer on the appointed day has become very popular among ] parents.

⚫ Horowitz also wrote the ''Sha'ar ha-Shamayim'' ] (prayer book) which had an influence on the later Ashkenazi '']''.

⚫ ===Tefillat HaShlah - The Shelah's Prayer===
⚫ Rabbi Horowitz wrote that the eve of the first day of the month of ] is the most auspicious time to pray for the physical and spiritual welfare of one's children and grandchildren, since ] was the month that the ] was given to the Jewish people. He composed a special prayer to be said on this day, known as the ''Tefillat HaShlah'' "the Shelah's Prayer".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hakolhayehudi.co.il/midrash/ערב-ראש-חודש-סיוון-תפילת-השלה-171|date=May 18, 2015|website=hakolhayehudi.co.il|language=he|script-title=he:ערב ראש חודש סיוון: תפילת השל"ה|trans-title=Eve of the First of the Month of Sivan: The Shelah's Prayer|access-date=Jan 11, 2017}}</ref> In modern times, the custom of saying this prayer on the appointed day has become very popular among ] parents.

==Burial place==
He is buried in HaRambam compound / complex in ] / Tveria.

Other notable rabbis also buried in HaRambam compound / complex:
* ]
* ], the father of Maimonides
* ]
* ]
* ]


==Footnotes== ==Footnotes==
Line 24: Line 40:
==External links== ==External links==


===References=== ===Sources===
{{Wikisource1911Enc|Horowitz, Isaiah}} {{EB1911 poster|Horowitz, Isaiah}}
*, chabad.org *, chabad.org
*, ou.org *, ou.org
*, jewishvirtuallibrary.org *, jewishvirtuallibrary.org
*, meaningfullife.com *, meaningfullife.com
*, horwitzfam.org *, horwitzfam.org
*, mavenmall.com *, mavenmall.com
*, hakolhayehudi.co.il


===Resources=== ===Resources===
* (]), seforimonline.org * (]), seforimonline.org
*, Translator Rabbi Eliyahu Munk, Urim Publications 2000. ISBN 965-7108-07-1 *, Translator Rabbi Eliyahu Munk, Urim Publications 2000. {{ISBN|965-7108-07-1}}
* Isaiah Horowitz: The Generations of Adam. Ed. by Miles Krassen. New York 1996. * Isaiah Horowitz: The Generations of Adam. Ed. by Miles Krassen. New York 1996.
* (Hebrew), he.wikisource * (Hebrew), he.wikisource


==Literature== ==Literature==
*"Life and teachings of Isaiah Horowitz", Rabbi Dr. E. Newman, Judaica Press 1972. ISBN 0-9502739-0-2 *"Life and teachings of Isaiah Horowitz", Rabbi Dr. E. Newman, Judaica Press 1972. {{ISBN|0-9502739-0-2}}


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Latest revision as of 17:35, 21 November 2024

16th-17th century Ashkenazi rabbi and mystic
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The grave of Isaiah Horowitz in the Tomb of Maimonides compound, Tiberias, Israel

Isaiah or Yeshayahu ben Avraham Ha-Levi Horowitz (Hebrew: ישעיה בן אברהם הלוי הורוויץ), (c. 1555 – March 24, 1630), also known as the Shelah HaKaddosh (השל"ה הקדוש‎ "the holy Shelah") after the title of his best-known work, was a prominent rabbi and mystic.

Biography

Isaiah Horowitz was born in Prague around 1555. His first teacher was his father, Avraham ben Shabtai Sheftel Horowitz, a notable scholar and author, and a disciple of Moses Isserles (Rema). Horowitz studied under Meir Lublin, Joshua Falk and Nasan Nota Shapirah He married Chaya, daughter of Abraham Moul, of Vienna, and was a wealthy and active philanthropist, supporting Torah study, especially in Jerusalem. In 1590, in Lublin, he participated in a meeting of the Council of Four Lands, and his signature appears on a decree that condemns the purchase of rabbinic positions.

In 1602, Isaiah Horowitz was appointed Av Beit Din in Austria, and in 1606 was appointed Rabbi of Frankfurt. In 1614, after serving as rabbi in prominent cities in Europe, he left following the Fettmilch Uprising and assumed the prestigious position of chief rabbi of Prague.

In 1621, after the death of his wife, he moved to Israel, was appointed rabbi of the Ashkenazi community in Jerusalem, and married Hava, daughter of Eleazer. In 1625, he was kidnapped and imprisoned, together with 15 other Jewish rabbis and scholars, by the Pasha (Ibn Faruh) and held for ransom. After 1626, Horowitz moved to Safed, erstwhile home of Kabbalah, and later died in Tiberias on March 24, 1630 (Nisan 11, 5390 on the Hebrew calendar).

In his many kabbalistic, homiletic and halachic works, he stressed the joy in every action, and how one should convert the evil inclination into good, two concepts that influenced Jewish thought through to the eighteenth-century, and greatly influenced the development of Hasidic Judaism.

Famous descendants of Isaiah Horowitz included Yaakov Yitzchak of Lublin (known as החוזה מלובלין‎ "The Seer of Lublin"), the prominent Billiczer rabbinical family of Szerencs, Hungary and the Dym family of rabbis and communal leaders in Galicia, Aaron HaLevi ben Moses of Staroselye (a prominent student of Shneur Zalman of Liadi), the Fruchter-Langer families, Rabbi Meir Zelig Mann of Memel, Lithuania (b. 1921, d. 2008), and, on their mother's side, the important Yiddish writers Daniel Charney, Shmuel Charney, and Baruch Vladek, as well as Elie Wiesel.

Works

His most important work Shenei Luḥot HaBerit (Hebrew: שני לוחות הברית, Two Tablets of the Covenant, abbreviated Shelah של"ה‎), is an encyclopedic compilation of ritual, ethics, and mysticism. It was originally intended as an ethical will - written as a compendium of the Jewish tradition. The title page of the first edition states that the work is "compiled from both Torahs, Written and Oral, handed down from Sinai". The work has had a profound influence on Jewish life - notably, on the early Hasidic movement, including the Baal Shem Tov; Shneur Zalman of Liadi was described as a "Shelah Yid", and Shelah clearly echoes in his work, Tanya. The work was first published in 1648 by his son, Shabbethai Horowitz, and has been often reprinted. An abbreviated form by Jehiel Michel Epstein appeared in 1683. (See also שני לוחות הברית article in the Hebrew Misplaced Pages).

Horowitz also wrote the Sha'ar ha-Shamayim siddur (prayer book) which had an influence on the later Ashkenazi nusach.

Tefillat HaShlah - The Shelah's Prayer

Rabbi Horowitz wrote that the eve of the first day of the month of Sivan is the most auspicious time to pray for the physical and spiritual welfare of one's children and grandchildren, since Sivan was the month that the Torah was given to the Jewish people. He composed a special prayer to be said on this day, known as the Tefillat HaShlah "the Shelah's Prayer". In modern times, the custom of saying this prayer on the appointed day has become very popular among Orthodox parents.

Burial place

He is buried in HaRambam compound / complex in Tiberias / Tveria.

Other notable rabbis also buried in HaRambam compound / complex:

Footnotes

  1. ^  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "HOROWITZ, ISAIAH". The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. Retrieved Jan 5, 2017.
    Jewish Encyclopedia bibliography:
    • Conforte, Ḳore ha-Dorot, p. 47b;
    • Azulai, Shem ha-Gedolim;
    • Steinschneider, Cat. Bodl.;
    • Landshuth, 'Ammude ha-'Abodah, pp. 133-134, Berlin, 1862;
    • Frumkin, Eben Shemuel, pp. 111-122, Jerusalem and Wilna, 1874;
    • Horovitz, Frankfurter Rabbinen, i. 41-44, 58-60 (in which Horowitz's contract with the Frankfort congregation is reproduced);
    • Pesis, 'Aṭeret ha-Lewiyim, Warsaw, 1902.
  2. ^ Trachtenberg, Joshua (2004) . Jewish Magic and Superstition. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 319. ISBN 9780812218626.
  3. Samuel Joseph Fuenn (1886). הר"ר אברהם הלוי הורוויץ בה"ר שבתי שעפטיל [Rabbi Abraham Horowitz ben Shabbetai]. כנסת ישראל (in Hebrew). Warsaw. p. 20. Retrieved Aug 22, 2023.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  4. Charney, Daniel (1951). "Duḳor memuarn; ershṭer ṭayl". www.yiddishbookcenter.org (in Yiddish). Toronto, Canada: Tint un feder. p. 34. Retrieved 2023-08-25.
  5. Charney, Daniel (2022). Dukor - A Memoir. Translated by Skakun, Michael. JewishGen.
  6. Wiesel, Elie, and Elie Wiesel Catherine Temerson (Translator). "Rashi (Jewish Encounters)". ISBN 9780805242546. Schocken, January 1, 1970. Web. October 27, 2016.
  7. Public Domain Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "Jehiel N. Epstein". The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
  8. ערב ראש חודש סיוון: תפילת השל"ה [Eve of the First of the Month of Sivan: The Shelah's Prayer]. hakolhayehudi.co.il (in Hebrew). May 18, 2015. Retrieved Jan 11, 2017.

External links

Sources

Resources

Literature

  • "Life and teachings of Isaiah Horowitz", Rabbi Dr. E. Newman, Judaica Press 1972. ISBN 0-9502739-0-2
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