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{{Short description|none}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{original research|date=January 2018}}
{{refimprove|date=January 2018}}
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{{Infobox ethnic group {{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Arab Mexicans
|group=Arab Mexicans<br/>''Mexicano de origen árabe ''
| native_name = ''Árabes Mexicanos''
|image=
| image =
|caption= | caption =
|poptime= '''1,100,000'''<br>'''1% of Mexico's population'''<ref></ref>{{better citation|date=April 2016}}
| pop = {{circa|35,253}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://estudiosafricanos.cea.unc.edu.ar/files/02-zeraoui-N°3.pdf |title=LA INMIGRACIÓN ÁRABE EN MÉXICO: INTEGRACIÓN NACIONAL E IDENTIDAD COMUNITARIA |website=estudioshistoricos.inah.gob.mx |date=February 2018 |access-date=23 December 2024|archive-date=8 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708123124/https://estudiosafricanos.cea.unc.edu.ar/files/02-zeraoui-N°3.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> – {{circa|100,000}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.estudioshistoricos.inah.gob.mx/revistaHistorias/wp-content/uploads/historias_33_61-68.pdf |title=Inmigración libanesa en México. Un caso de diversidad cultural |website=estudioshistoricos.inah.gob.mx |date=February 2018 |access-date=23 December 2024|archive-date=23 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241223152540/https://www.estudioshistoricos.inah.gob.mx/revistaHistorias/wp-content/uploads/historias_33_61-68.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2631-27862019000100009 |title=En busca de las huellas árabes en México. La inmigración árabe en los siglos XIX y XX |date=August 2019 |access-date=23 December 2024|archive-date=31 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241031081537/http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/favicon.ico |url-status=live}}</ref>
|popplace=], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ]
| popplace = ], ]
|langs=], ] | langs = ] • ]
|rels=Mostly ], minority ] | rels = ], ]
|related=], ], ]}} | related = ], ], ]
}}
'''Arab Mexicans''' are ] citizens of ] ethnic lineage, who identify themselves as Arab. Some of Mexico's Arabs are of ].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Arellano|first=Gustavo|title=There's more Lebanese sangre in Mexico than you might think|url=https://www.westword.com/news/theres-more-lebanese-sangre-in-mexico-than-you-might-think-5103496|access-date=2021-12-26|website=Westword|language=en}}</ref>


⚫ The inter-ethnic marriage in the Arab community, regardless of religious affiliation, is very high; most community members have only one parent who has Arab ethnicity. As a result of this, the Arab community in Mexico shows marked ] away from only ]. Only a few speak any Arabic, and such knowledge is often limited to a few basic words. Instead the majority, especially those of younger generations, speak ] as a first language. Arabic and Spanish have collided in Mexico as a mixture of languages and put into one which is spoken more than the original Arabic. An example of this intercultural exchange is present in the hit television program '']'' and especially in popular character Roby Checa's day-to-day interactions. His popular ''Pedas de Rancho'' series is an example of his contribution to Mexican Arab culture and is currently being debated in the Mexican Senate floor for the honorary admission to the ''Archivos Nacionales''.
'''Arab Mexicans''' are ] citizens of ] ethnic, cultural and linguistic heritage or ], who identify themselves as Arab.. The vast majority of Mexico's 1,100,000 Arabs are from either ], ]n, ]n, ]i, ], ]i or ] background.<ref>{{Page needed|date=July 2010}}{{cite web|url=http://confines.mty.itesm.mx/articulos2/GarciaRE.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2010-04-17 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327124211/https://confines.mty.itesm.mx/articulos2/GarciaRE.pdf |archivedate=2009-03-27 |df= }}</ref>

⚫ The inter-ethnic marriage in the Arab community, regardless of religious affiliation, is very high; most community members have only one parent who has Arab ethnicity. As a result of this, the Arab community in Mexico shows marked ] away from Arabic. Only a few speak any Arabic, and such knowledge is often limited to a few basic words. Instead the majority, especially those of younger generations, speak ] as a first language. Today, the most common Arabic ] in Mexico include Slim (Salim), Bichir (Bashir), Hayek, Medina, Ayoub, Nader, Ali, Sabah, Mier, Haddad, Nasser, Mohamed, Malik, Abed, Mansoor, Magana, Esper, Harb, Califa and Elias.


==Migration history== ==Migration history==
{{Refimprove|section|date=March 2023}}
] a Mexican comic book character]]
⚫ ] style in Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas]]
⚫ Arab immigration to Mexico started in the 19th and early 20th centuries.<ref></ref> Roughly 100,000 Arabic-speakers settled in Mexico during this time period. They came mostly from ], ], ], and ] and settled in significant numbers in ], ], ], ] and the Northern part of the country (mainly in the states of ], ], ], ], Chihuahua, ], ], and ]), as well as the cities of ] and ] . They also came for slave trade in the 18th century. The term "Arab Mexican" may include ethnic groups that do not in fact identify as Arab.
], one of the staple foods of contemporary Mexican cuisine, originated as a fusion with ] and Arab cooking traditions.]]


⚫ Arab immigration to Mexico started in the 19th and early 20th centuries.<ref name="Garcia 2005" /> Roughly 39,500{{Citation needed|date=January 2022}} Arabic speakers settled in Mexico during this time period. They came mostly from ] and ], and settled in significant numbers in ], ], ], ] and the northern part of the country (mainly in the states of ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and ]), as well as the cities of ] and ]. They also came for the slave trade in the 18th century. The term "Arab Mexican" may include ethnic groups that do not identify as Arab.
⚫ During the ] in 1948 and during the ], thousands of Lebanese left Lebanon and went to Mexico. They first arrived in Veracruz. Although Arabs made up less than 5% of the total immigrant population in Mexico during the 1930s, they constituted half of the immigrant economic activity.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://confines.mty.itesm.mx/articulos2/GarciaRE.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2010-04-17 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327124211/https://confines.mty.itesm.mx/articulos2/GarciaRE.pdf |archivedate=2009-03-27 |df= }}</ref>


⚫ Immigration of Arabs in Mexico has influenced Mexican culture, in particular food, where they have introduced ], ] and even created recipes such as '']''. By 1765,{{citation needed|date=November 2011}} ], which originated from the Middle East, were introduced into Mexico by the Spaniards. The fusion between Arab and Mexican food has highly influenced ].<ref></ref>


⚫ During the ] in 1948 and the ], thousands of Lebanese went to Mexico. They first arrived in ]. Although Arabs made up less than 5% of the total immigrant population in Mexico during the 1930s, they constituted half of the immigrant economic activity.<ref name="Garcia 2005">{{cite web|date=December 2005|title=Los árabes de México. Asimilación y herencia cultural|url=https://confines.mty.itesm.mx/articulos2/GarciaRE.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327124211/https://confines.mty.itesm.mx/articulos2/GarciaRE.pdf|archive-date=2009-03-27|access-date=2010-04-17|language=es}}</ref>
⚫ Another concentration of Arab-Mexicans is in ] facing the U.S.-Mexican border, esp. in cities of ] in the ] U.S./Mexico, and ] across from ] with a large ] community (about 280,000), some of whose families have relatives in Mexico. 45% of Arab Mexicans are of ] descent.


⚫ Migration of Arabs to Mexico has influenced Mexican culture, in particular food, where they have introduced ], ] and even created recipes such as '']''. By 1765,{{citation needed|date=November 2011}} ], which originated from the Middle East, were introduced into Mexico by the Spaniards. The fusion between Arab and Mexican food has highly influenced ].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-03-16 |title=Arab Influence in Yucatecan Cuisine, Culture |url=http://www.discoverymexico.com/Culture/Arab-Influence-in-Yucatecan-Cuisine/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080316235742/http://www.discoverymexico.com/Culture/Arab-Influence-in-Yucatecan-Cuisine/ |archive-date=2008-03-16 |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=discoverymexico.com}}</ref>
⚫ The majority of Arab-Mexicans are ] who belong to the ], ], ] and ]. A scant number are ] of Middle Eastern origins.


⚫ Another concentration of Arab Mexicans is in ] facing the U.S.-Mexican border, especially in ] in the ], and ] across from ] with a large ] community (about 280,000), some of whose families have relatives in Mexico. 45% of Arab Mexicans are of ] descent.
] to mark the centenary of the Mexican independence in ]]]


⚫ The majority of Arab Mexicans are ] who belong to the ], ], ], or ]. Fewer are ] of Middle Eastern origin whom have been in Mexico since the early 1950s including the vastly growing conversions from the indigenous population since the 1980s.
⚫ ] Kiosk of Santa María la Ribera built in 1910 by Eng José Ramón Ibarrola at ] ]]

⚫ ] style in Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas]]


==Figures== ==Figures==
⚫ ] Kiosk of Santa María la Ribera built in 1910 by Eng José Ramón Ibarrola at ] ]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!colspan=5 | Arab net migration to Mexico from 1871 to 1976 !colspan=2 | Arab net migration to Mexico from 1871 to 1976{{Citation needed|date=April 2019}}
|- |-
! Year period ! Year range
! Arab immigrants ! Arab immigrants
|- |-
| 1871–1880 | 1871–1880
| 672 | 336
|- |-
| 1881–1890 | 1881–1890
| 3,537 | 1,768
|- |-
| 1891–1900 | 1891–1900
| 10,572 | 5,286
|- |-
| 1901–1910 | 1901–1910
| 35,398 | 11,699
|- |-
| 1911–1920 | 1911–1920
| 39,052 | 12,526
|- |-
| 1921–1930 | 1921–1930
| 18,894 | 5,447
|- |-
| 1931–1940 | 1931–1940
| 1,682 | 841
|- |-
| 1941–1950 | 1941–1950
| 2,063 | 732
|- |-
| 1951–1960 | 1951–1960
| 1,083 | 543
|- |-
| 1961–1970 | 1961–1970
| 278 | 135
|- |-
| 1971–1976 | 1971–1976
| -30 | -60
|- |-
| Total | Total
| 39,253<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.estudioshistoricos.inah.gob.mx/revistaHistorias/wp-content/uploads/historias_33_61-68.pdf |title=Inmigración libanesa en México. Un caso de diversidad cultural |website=estudioshistoricos.inah.gob.mx |date=February 2018 |access-date=23 December 2024|archive-date=23 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241223152540/https://www.estudioshistoricos.inah.gob.mx/revistaHistorias/wp-content/uploads/historias_33_61-68.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2631-27862019000100009 |title=En busca de las huellas árabes en México. La inmigración árabe en los siglos XIX y XX |date=August 2019 |access-date=23 December 2024|archive-date=31 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241031081537/http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/favicon.ico |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://estudiosafricanos.cea.unc.edu.ar/files/02-zeraoui-N°3.pdf |title=LA INMIGRACIÓN ÁRABE EN MÉXICO: INTEGRACIÓN NACIONAL E IDENTIDAD COMUNITARIA |website=estudioshistoricos.inah.gob.mx |date=February 2018 |access-date=23 December 2024|archive-date=8 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708123124/https://estudiosafricanos.cea.unc.edu.ar/files/02-zeraoui-N°3.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>
| 113,201
|} |}


==Notable people== ==Notable people==
{{Unreferenced section|date=July 2018}}
⚫ *], business magnate, investor, and philanthropist. Slim's parents are both Mexicans of Lebanese Maronite Catholic descent.
]]]
] in 2012]]

*], professional golfer of Moroccan descent from ].{{Citation needed|date=February 2024}}
⚫ *], business magnate, investor, and philanthropist. Formerly the richest man in the world. Slim's parents are both Mexicans of Lebanese Maronite Catholic descent.
⚫ *], actress; she is half Lebanese via her father.
*], actress and model raised in ], half Lebanese via her father and half Mexican via her mother. *], actress and model raised in ], half Lebanese via her father and half Mexican via her mother.
*], economist, lawyer and diplomat and current Mexican Secretariat of Foreign Affairs of Lebanese and British descent. *], economist, lawyer and diplomat and former Mexican Secretariat of Foreign Affairs of Lebanese and British descent.
*], politician affiliated to the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) of Lebanese and English descent. *], politician affiliated to the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) of Lebanese and English descent.
*], lawyer and politician, the incumbent Secretary of Public Education of Mexico of Lebanese descent. *], lawyer and politician, the incumbent Secretary of Public Education of Mexico of Lebanese descent.
*], actor and singer.
*], former mayor of ], grandson of the Lebanese emigrant Wadih Dau<ref></ref> *], former mayor of ], grandson of the Lebanese emigrant Wadih Dau.<ref></ref>
*], former ] and a member of the ] of ] descent. *], former ] and a member of the ] of ] descent.
* ], Mexican businessman of Lebanese origin. *], Mexican businessman of Lebanese origin.
⚫ *], actress; she is half Lebanese via her father.
*], Lebanese-born Mexican jeweler returned to Lebanon after 40 years. *], Lebanese-born Mexican jeweler returned to Lebanon after 40 years.
*], Vice President of Design Business Aspects for Nissan Design America, of ] descent. *], Vice President of Design Business Aspects for Nissan Design America, of ] descent.
*], actor of Lebanese descent from ], ] *], actor of Lebanese descent from ], ].
*], mayor of ]. ], ] and Lebanese descent. *], mayor of ]. ], ] and Lebanese descent.
*Carlos Kuri Slim, former entrepreneur of textil branch specialized on narrow fabrics. First Mexican of Lebanese descendent to achieve North American Powerboat Championship US-1 High-Points at 2003 endorsed by APBA .
*], footballer of ] descent.
*], Baseball player of ] descent.
*], footballer, nephew of Carlos Slim, of Lebanese descent. *], footballer, nephew of Carlos Slim, of Lebanese descent.
⚫ *], footballer, of Iraqi descent.
*], Mexican of Lebanese origin, mother of Paulette Gebara who missing child found dead at home in 2010.
*], Mexican of Lebanese origin, father of Paulette Gebara who missing child found dead at home in 2010.
*], Mexican actor and model to paternal of Arab descent.
*], writer of ] descent
⚫ *], bassist for Anabantha, of Lebanese descent.
*], Mexican politician of Lebanese origin. *], Mexican politician of Lebanese origin.
*], Heavy metal musician of Lebanese descent. *], heavy metal musician of Lebanese descent.
*], actor of Lebanese descent. *], actor of Lebanese descent.
*], Actor, singer of ] and Brazilian descent. *], actor and singer of ] and Brazilian descent.
*], businessman of Syrian-Lebanese descent. *], businessman of Syrian descent.
*], Astrologer of Palestinian descent.
*],politician and businessman of ] descent
*], Mexican actress of Lebanese descent. *], Mexican actress of Lebanese descent.
*], a Mexican international footballer of mixed Palestinian/Mexican/Lebanese descent *], a Mexican international footballer of mixed Palestinian, Mexican, and Lebanese descent.
*], an actress in telenovelas and Mexican cinema. *], an actress in telenovelas and Mexican cinema.
*], an actress in telenovelas and Mexican cinema.
*], President of the World Boxing Council, Lebanese descent. *], President of the World Boxing Council, Lebanese descent.
*], Argentine-born Mexican soccer player of Lebanese descent. *], Argentine-born Mexican football player of Lebanese descent.
*], football player currently playing for ]. He is of Lebanese background.
*], Mexican businessman of Lebanese descent. *], Mexican businessman of Lebanese descent.
*], Mexican politician of Lebanese descent. *], Mexican politician of Lebanese descent.
Line 119: Line 118:
*], U.S. Federal Judge to Syrian parent. *], U.S. Federal Judge to Syrian parent.
*], Mexican boxer, lawyer, businessman, and politician of Lebanese descent. *], Mexican boxer, lawyer, businessman, and politician of Lebanese descent.
*], Musician of Lebanese descent. *], musician of Lebanese descent.
*], Mexican film director of Syrian descent. *], Mexican writer of Syrian origin.
*], Mexican writer, Mother of Maruan Soto Antaki, of Syrian origin.
*], Mexican businessman of Lebanese descent. *], Mexican businessman of Lebanese descent.
*], Director General of ], Arturo Elías Ayub is his youngest brother, of Lebanese descent. *], Director General of the ], Arturo Elías Ayub is his youngest brother, of Lebanese descent.
*], actress born to a Mexican mother and a father of Lebanese descent. *], actress born to a Mexican mother and a father of Lebanese descent.
*], Mexican, Former Responsible of Health Federal Institution at the Federal District of Mexico City of Lebanese descent.
*], Mexican actress of Arab origin.
⚫ *], Mexican businessman of Syrian Lebanese descent.
*], a Mexican international footballer of Lebanese and Spanish descent. *], a Mexican international footballer of Lebanese and Spanish descent.
*], a Mexican footballer of Lebanese and Mexican descent. *], a Mexican footballer of Lebanese and Mexican descent.
⚫ *], a Mexican footballer of Lebanese and Mexican descent.
*], a Mexican poet of Lebanese descent. *], a Mexican poet of Lebanese descent.
*], a Mexican actor of Lebanese and Mexican descent. *], a Mexican actor of Lebanese and Mexican descent.
Line 135: Line 131:
*], a Mexican actor of Lebanese and Mexican descent. *], a Mexican actor of Lebanese and Mexican descent.
*], a Mexican actor of Lebanese and Mexican descent. *], a Mexican actor of Lebanese and Mexican descent.
*], Mexican politician of Lebanese descent *], Mexican politician of Lebanese descent.
*], Mexican economist of Belgian and Levantine descent. *], Mexican economist of Belgian and ] descent.
*], Mexican professor and researcher of Algerian origin.
*], Mexican sports journalist and television reporter of part-Lebanese descent.
⚫ *], singer of Lebanese descent.
⚫ *], footballer of Lebanese descent.
*], a Mexican Deputy Minister of Finance and Deputy Governor of Bank of Mexico of Lebanese descent.


==See also== ==See also==
{{Portal|Mexico|Arab world}} {{Portal|Mexico}}
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
Line 146: Line 147:
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ]
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ]


==External links== ==External links==
* *
* *


==References== ==References==
{{Reflist}} {{Reflist}}
{{Semitic topics}}
{{Arab diaspora}} {{Arab diaspora}}
{{Ethnic groups in Mexico}} {{Ethnic groups in Mexico}}


] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]

Latest revision as of 16:49, 26 December 2024

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Ethnic group
Arab Mexicans
Árabes Mexicanos
Total population
c. 35,253 – c. 100,000
Regions with significant populations
Mexico City, Sinaloa
Languages
Mexican Spanish • Arabic
Religion
Christianity, Islam
Related ethnic groups
Arabs, Jews, Spanish Mexicans

Arab Mexicans are Mexican citizens of Arab ethnic lineage, who identify themselves as Arab. Some of Mexico's Arabs are of Lebanese.

The inter-ethnic marriage in the Arab community, regardless of religious affiliation, is very high; most community members have only one parent who has Arab ethnicity. As a result of this, the Arab community in Mexico shows marked language shift away from only Arabic. Only a few speak any Arabic, and such knowledge is often limited to a few basic words. Instead the majority, especially those of younger generations, speak Spanish as a first language. Arabic and Spanish have collided in Mexico as a mixture of languages and put into one which is spoken more than the original Arabic. An example of this intercultural exchange is present in the hit television program Hecho en Mexico and especially in popular character Roby Checa's day-to-day interactions. His popular Pedas de Rancho series is an example of his contribution to Mexican Arab culture and is currently being debated in the Mexican Senate floor for the honorary admission to the Archivos Nacionales.

Migration history

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "Arab Mexicans" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
La Pila fountain of Moorish style in Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas
Tacos al pastor, one of the staple foods of contemporary Mexican cuisine, originated as a fusion with Lebanese and Arab cooking traditions.

Arab immigration to Mexico started in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Roughly 39,500 Arabic speakers settled in Mexico during this time period. They came mostly from Lebanon and Syria, and settled in significant numbers in Nayarit, Guanajuato, Puebla, Mexico City and the northern part of the country (mainly in the states of Baja California, Tamaulipas, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Sonora, Sinaloa, Chihuahua, Zacatecas, Coahuila and Durango), as well as the cities of Tampico and Guadalajara. They also came for the slave trade in the 18th century. The term "Arab Mexican" may include ethnic groups that do not identify as Arab.


During the Israel–Lebanon war in 1948 and the Six-Day War, thousands of Lebanese went to Mexico. They first arrived in Veracruz. Although Arabs made up less than 5% of the total immigrant population in Mexico during the 1930s, they constituted half of the immigrant economic activity.

Migration of Arabs to Mexico has influenced Mexican culture, in particular food, where they have introduced kibbeh, tabbouleh and even created recipes such as Tacos Árabes. By 1765, dates, which originated from the Middle East, were introduced into Mexico by the Spaniards. The fusion between Arab and Mexican food has highly influenced Yucatecan cuisine.

Another concentration of Arab Mexicans is in Baja California facing the U.S.-Mexican border, especially in Mexicali in the Imperial Valley, and Tijuana across from San Diego with a large Arab American community (about 280,000), some of whose families have relatives in Mexico. 45% of Arab Mexicans are of Lebanese descent.

The majority of Arab Mexicans are Christians who belong to the Maronite Church, Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, or Eastern Rite Catholic Churches. Fewer are Muslims of Middle Eastern origin whom have been in Mexico since the early 1950s including the vastly growing conversions from the indigenous population since the 1980s.

Figures

Moorish Kiosk of Santa María la Ribera built in 1910 by Eng José Ramón Ibarrola at Alameda de Santa Maria la Ribera
Arab net migration to Mexico from 1871 to 1976
Year range Arab immigrants
1871–1880 336
1881–1890 1,768
1891–1900 5,286
1901–1910 11,699
1911–1920 12,526
1921–1930 5,447
1931–1940 841
1941–1950 732
1951–1960 543
1961–1970 135
1971–1976 -60
Total 39,253

Notable people

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Alfredo Harp Helú
Demián Bichir in 2012

See also

External links

References

  1. "LA INMIGRACIÓN ÁRABE EN MÉXICO: INTEGRACIÓN NACIONAL E IDENTIDAD COMUNITARIA" (PDF). estudioshistoricos.inah.gob.mx. February 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 July 2024. Retrieved 23 December 2024.
  2. "Inmigración libanesa en México. Un caso de diversidad cultural" (PDF). estudioshistoricos.inah.gob.mx. February 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 December 2024. Retrieved 23 December 2024.
  3. "En busca de las huellas árabes en México. La inmigración árabe en los siglos XIX y XX". August 2019. Archived from the original on 31 October 2024. Retrieved 23 December 2024.
  4. Arellano, Gustavo. "There's more Lebanese sangre in Mexico than you might think". Westword. Retrieved 2021-12-26.
  5. ^ "Los árabes de México. Asimilación y herencia cultural" (PDF) (in Spanish). December 2005. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2009-03-27. Retrieved 2010-04-17.
  6. "Arab Influence in Yucatecan Cuisine, Culture". discoverymexico.com. 2008-03-16. Archived from the original on 2008-03-16. Retrieved 2024-02-23.
  7. "Inmigración libanesa en México. Un caso de diversidad cultural" (PDF). estudioshistoricos.inah.gob.mx. February 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 December 2024. Retrieved 23 December 2024.
  8. "En busca de las huellas árabes en México. La inmigración árabe en los siglos XIX y XX". August 2019. Archived from the original on 31 October 2024. Retrieved 23 December 2024.
  9. "LA INMIGRACIÓN ÁRABE EN MÉXICO: INTEGRACIÓN NACIONAL E IDENTIDAD COMUNITARIA" (PDF). estudioshistoricos.inah.gob.mx. February 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 July 2024. Retrieved 23 December 2024.
  10. El emigrante libanés vigila Guadalajara
Arab diaspora
Africa
Asia
Europe
North
Southeast
South
West
North America
Oceania
South America
Ancestry and ethnicity in Mexico
Mexicans
Non-Amerindian
Mexico
From Sub-Saharan Africa
From the Americas
From South and East Asia
From Europe
From Western Asia
and North Africa
Amerindian
More than 100,000 people
20,000–100,000 people
1,000–20,000 people
Fewer than 1,000 people
  • Jews and Romani originate in the Middle East and South Asia respectively, with most arriving to Mexico via Europe
  • Primarily arrived via Canada
  • Originated in what is now the United States
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