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| {{Short description|US federally funded research and development center}} | |||
| {{redirect-distinguish|NCAR|Norwegian Centre Against Racism}} | |||
| {{Infobox research institute | {{Infobox research institute | ||
| | name = NCAR<br />National Center for Atmospheric Research | | name = NCAR<br />National Center for Atmospheric Research | ||
| | native_name = |
| native_name = | ||
| | image = File:National Center for Atmospheric Research - Boulder, Colorado.jpg | | image = File:National Center for Atmospheric Research - Boulder, Colorado.jpg | ||
| | caption = NCAR ], ] | | caption = NCAR ], ] | ||
| | latin_name = |
| latin_name = | ||
| | motto = |
| motto = | ||
| | established = |
| established = 1960 | ||
| | type = <!--Research type (basic, applied, classified, unclassified, |
| type = <!-- Research type (basic, applied, classified, unclassified, ...)--> | ||
| | budget = |
| budget = | ||
| | debt = |
| debt = | ||
| | research_field = |
| research_field = | ||
| | president = |
| president = | ||
| | vice-president = |
| vice-president = | ||
| | dean = |
| dean = | ||
| | director = Everette Joseph<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leadership {{!}} University Corporation for Atmospheric Research |url=https://www.ucar.edu/who-we-are/leadership |access-date=2024-04-26 |website=www.ucar.edu}}</ref> | |||
| | director = James W. Hurrell | |||
| | head_label = |
| head_label = | ||
| | head = |
| head = | ||
| | faculty = |
| faculty = | ||
| | staff =Nearly 1,400<ref>{{Cite web |title=Staff {{!}} University Corporation for Atmospheric Research |url=https://www.ucar.edu/who-we-are/staff |access-date=2024-04-26 |website=www.ucar.edu}}</ref> | |||
| | staff = | |||
| | students = |
| students = | ||
| | alumni = |
| alumni = | ||
| | address = |
| address = | ||
| | city = Boulder | | city = ] | ||
| | state = Colorado | | state = ] | ||
| | province = |
| province = | ||
| | country = | | country = United States | ||
| | coor = |
| coor = {{Coord|39.97815|N|105.27492|W|source:placeopedia|display=inline, title}} | ||
| | zipcode = |
| zipcode = | ||
| | campus = |
| campus = | ||
| | free_label = |
| free_label = | ||
| | free = |
| free = | ||
| | affiliations = |
| affiliations = | ||
| | operating_agency = |
| operating_agency = | ||
| | nobel_laureates = <!--Number and/or names of Nobel laureates associated with the laboratory/institute--> | | nobel_laureates = <!--Number and/or names of Nobel laureates associated with the laboratory/institute--> | ||
| | website = {{Official URL}} | | website = {{Official URL}} | ||
| | logo = File:NCAR logo.png | | logo = File:NCAR logo.png | ||
| | footnotes = |
| footnotes = | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| The US '''National Center for Atmospheric Research''' (NCAR |
The US '''National Center for Atmospheric Research''' ('''NCAR''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɛ|n|k|ɑːr}})<ref name=quickfacts></ref> is a US ] (FFRDC) managed by the nonprofit ] (UCAR) and funded by the ] (NSF).<ref name="Director">{{cite web|url=http://news.sciencemag.org/2013/07/new-director-u.s.-national-center-atmospheric-research-rose-through-ranks|title=New Director of the U.S. National Center for Atmospheric Research Rose Through the Ranks|date=July 31, 2013}}</ref> NCAR has multiple facilities, including the ]-designed ] headquarters in ]. Studies include ], ], ], solar-terrestrial interactions, ] and societal impacts. | ||
| == Tools and technologies == | == Tools and technologies == | ||
| ] | |||
| NCAR |
NCAR was instrumental in developing ], light radar, now a key archaeological tool, as well as providing a broad array of tools and technologies to the scientific community for studying ], including,<ref name=research-resources></ref><ref></ref> | ||
| * Specialized instruments to measure atmospheric processes | * Specialized instruments to measure atmospheric processes | ||
| * Research aircraft | * Research aircraft | ||
| Line 50: | Line 52: | ||
| * Cooperative field campaigns | * Cooperative field campaigns | ||
| * ]s of weather, chemical, solar, and climate processes, including cooperatively developed models such as: | * ]s of weather, chemical, solar, and climate processes, including cooperatively developed models such as: | ||
| ** ] ( |
** ] (CESM) | ||
| ** ] (WRF) | ** ] (WRF) | ||
| ** ] (WACCM) | ** ] (WACCM) | ||
| Line 57: | Line 59: | ||
| * NCAR Command Language (NCL), a programming language designed for use with climate and model data<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ncl.ucar.edu/ |title=CISL's NCAR Command Language (NCL) |website=]}}</ref> | * NCAR Command Language (NCL), a programming language designed for use with climate and model data<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ncl.ucar.edu/ |title=CISL's NCAR Command Language (NCL) |website=]}}</ref> | ||
| ==Staffing areas and notable past and present scientists |
==Staffing areas and notable past and present scientists== | ||
| The center is staffed by scientists, engineers, technicians, and support personnel.<ref name="Director" /> Key research areas include |
The center is staffed by scientists, engineers, technicians, and support personnel.<ref name="Director" /> Key research areas include:<ref>, 2008, accessed 2010-06-22. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725205515/http://www.ncar.ucar.edu/research/ |date=2010-07-25 }}</ref> | ||
| ⚫ | * ] (Earth's past, present, and future climate; the ], ], and climate change; El Niño, La Niña, and other large-scale atmospheric patterns; drought, wildfires) | ||
| ⚫ | * ] ( |
||
| * ]/] (short-term forecasts; weather forecasting and predictability; weather's effect on climate; hurricanes, tornadoes, and other severe storms; physical processes) | * ]/] (short-term forecasts; weather forecasting and predictability; weather's effect on climate; hurricanes, tornadoes, and other severe storms; physical processes) | ||
| * Environmental and societal impacts (impacts of climate change on the natural and managed environment; interactions of weather, climate, and society; weather hazard systems for aviation and ground transportation; national security) | * Environmental and societal impacts (impacts of climate change on the natural and managed environment; interactions of weather, climate, and society; weather hazard systems for aviation and ground transportation; national security) | ||
| * ] and ] (air pollution on local, regional, and global scales; air chemistry and climate; chemical evolution and transport in the atmosphere) | * ] and ] (air pollution on local, regional, and global scales; air chemistry and climate; chemical evolution and transport in the atmosphere) | ||
| * |
* The Sun and ] (the structure of the Sun, from its interior to sunspots to the solar corona; the solar cycle; the Sun's effect on Earth's weather and climate; space weather) | ||
| * Other components of the ] (the effects on weather and climate of interactions with: the oceans and other components of Earth's water cycle, including sea ice, glaciers, and the rest of the cryosphere; forests, agriculture, urbanization and other types of land use) | * Other components of the ] (the effects on weather and climate of interactions with: the oceans and other components of Earth's ], including sea ice, glaciers, and the rest of the cryosphere; forests, agriculture, urbanization and other types of land use) | ||
| Notable scientists on the current staff at the center include ], ], and Caspar Ammann,<ref name="Pearce">], ''The Climate Files: The Battle for the Truth about Global Warming'', (2010) ], ISBN |
Notable scientists on the current staff at the center include ], ], ], and Caspar Ammann,<ref name="Pearce">], ''The Climate Files: The Battle for the Truth about Global Warming'', (2010) ], {{ISBN|978-0-85265-229-9}}, p. XVIII.</ref>{{better source|date=June 2014}} and in past have included ] (Nobel Prize in chemistry, 1995); ], who with colleague ] discovered the ]; ]. Greg Holland initiated the multiscale modeling project "Predicting the Earth System Across Scales".<ref>M. Gad-el-Hak ''Large Scale Disasters Prediction Control and Mitigation'' 2008 "was initiated by Greg Holland"</ref> | ||
| == Organization of research—laboratories and programs == | == Organization of research—laboratories and programs == | ||
| NCAR is currently organized into seven laboratories and two programs:<ref name=orgchart> |
NCAR is currently organized into seven laboratories and two programs:<ref name=orgchart>{{Cite web |url=https://ncar.ucar.edu/org-chart |title=NCAR's Clickable Organization Chart |access-date=2013-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110035451/http://ncar.ucar.edu/org-chart |archive-date=2015-01-10 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
| '''Laboratories''' | '''Laboratories''' | ||
| * Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling laboratory (ACOM) | * Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling laboratory (ACOM) | ||
| * Climate and Global Dynamics laboratory (CGD) | * Climate and Global Dynamics laboratory (CGD) | ||
| * Computational & Information Systems Laboratory (CISL)—CISL was formerly known as the Scientific Computing Division (SCD). CISL manages and operates NCAR's supercomputers, mass storage system, networking, and other computing and cyberinfrastructure services. The Institute for Mathematics Applied to Geosciences (IMAGe) is a research division within CISL.<ref name=orgchart |
* Computational & Information Systems Laboratory (CISL)—CISL was formerly known as the Scientific Computing Division (SCD). CISL manages and operates NCAR's supercomputers, mass storage system, networking, and other computing and cyberinfrastructure services. The Institute for Mathematics Applied to Geosciences (IMAGe) is a research division within CISL.<ref name=orgchart/> | ||
| * Earth Observing Laboratory (EOL)—EOL was formerly known as the Atmospheric Technology Division (ATD). EOL manages and operates NCAR's lower atmosphere observing systems, including ground-based instrumentation and two research aircraft, on behalf of the NSF. | * Earth Observing Laboratory (EOL)—EOL was formerly known as the Atmospheric Technology Division (ATD). EOL manages and operates NCAR's lower atmosphere observing systems, including ground-based instrumentation and two research aircraft, on behalf of the NSF. | ||
| * High Altitude Observatory (HAO)—The oldest part of NCAR, HAO is NCAR's solar-terrestrial physics laboratory. Research foci are the Sun and the Earth's upper atmosphere. HAO operates the Mauna Loa Solar Observatory (MLSO). |
* High Altitude Observatory (HAO)—The oldest part of NCAR, HAO is NCAR's solar-terrestrial physics laboratory. Research foci are the Sun and the Earth's upper atmosphere. HAO operates the Mauna Loa Solar Observatory (MLSO). | ||
| * Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology laboratory (MMM) | * Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology laboratory (MMM) | ||
| * Research Applications Laboratory (RAL) | * Research Applications Laboratory (RAL) | ||
| Line 87: | Line 88: | ||
| * Integrated Science Program (ISP) | * Integrated Science Program (ISP) | ||
| NCAR's service to the universities and larger geosciences community is reinforced by the offerings of UCAR's ].<ref> |
NCAR's service to the universities and larger geosciences community is reinforced by the offerings of UCAR's ].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ucp.ucar.edu/ |title=UCAR Community Programs |access-date=2013-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141208032815/https://www.ucp.ucar.edu/ |archive-date=2014-12-08 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=highlights></ref> | ||
| == Funding and management == | == Funding and management == | ||
| NCAR is managed by the nonprofit ] and is one of the ]'s ]s, with approximately 95% of its funding coming from the federal government. However, it is not a federal agency and its employees are not part of the federal personnel system.<ref name=quickfacts/> NCAR employs about 761 staff. Its annual expenditures in fiscal year 2015 were $167.8 million.<ref name=quickfacts/><ref>https://ncar.ucar.edu/budget-and-planning/public NCAR Annual Report</ref> | NCAR is managed by the nonprofit ] and is one of the ]'s ]s, with approximately 95% of its funding coming from the federal government. However, it is not a federal agency and its employees are not part of the federal personnel system.<ref name=quickfacts/> NCAR employs about 761 staff. Its annual expenditures in fiscal year 2015 were $167.8 million.<ref name=quickfacts/><ref></ref> | ||
| == NCAR |
== NCAR directors == | ||
| The founding director of NCAR was ].<ref name="Directors"></ref> The current director is |
The founding director of NCAR was ].<ref name="Directors"></ref> The current director is Everette Joseph.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.ucar.edu/132641/everette-joseph-named-ncar-director|title=Everette Joseph is named NCAR director|last=Hosansky|first=David|date=December 7, 2018|website=NCAR & UCAR News|access-date=2019-10-16}}</ref><ref name="Director" /> | ||
| {| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| |- | |- | ||
| Line 102: | Line 103: | ||
| | ] || 1968–1974 | | ] || 1968–1974 | ||
| |- | |- | ||
| | ] || 1974–1980 | | ] || 1974–1980 | ||
| |- | |- | ||
| | ] || 1980–1986 | | ] || 1980–1986 | ||
| Line 110: | Line 111: | ||
| | Robert Serafin || 1989–2000 | | Robert Serafin || 1989–2000 | ||
| |- | |- | ||
| | ] || 2000–2008 |
| ] || 2000–2008 | ||
| |- | |- | ||
| | ] || 2008–2010 | | ] || 2008–2010 | ||
| Line 116: | Line 117: | ||
| | ] || 2010–2013 | | ] || 2010–2013 | ||
| |- | |- | ||
| | Maura Hagan || 2013 ( |
| ] || 2013 (interim director) | ||
| |- | |- | ||
| | James W. Hurrell || |
| James W. Hurrell || 2013–2018 | ||
| |- | |||
| | ] || 2019–present | |||
| |} | |} | ||
| Line 125: | Line 128: | ||
| === Scientific visitors === | === Scientific visitors === | ||
| NCAR has many opportunities for scientific visits to the facilities for workshops, colloquia, and collaboration by colleagues in academia, government labs, and the private sector.<ref name=opportunities></ref> Many NCAR staff also visit colleagues at universities and labs and serve as adjunct or visiting faculty.<ref name=highlights |
NCAR has many opportunities for scientific visits to the facilities for workshops, colloquia, and collaboration by colleagues in academia, government labs, and the private sector.<ref name=opportunities></ref> Many NCAR staff also visit colleagues at universities and labs and serve as adjunct or visiting faculty.<ref name=highlights/><ref name=opportunities/> | ||
| === Public tours === | === Public tours === | ||
| The Visitor Center at the ] is open to the public daily at no charge. Guided tours and self-guided tablet tours include video and audio on one of the first supercomputers built by ] as well as NCAR's modern supercomputer fleet, many hands-on educational exhibits demonstrating weather phenomena and Earth's |
The Visitor Center at the ] is open to the public daily at no charge. Guided tours and self-guided tablet tours include video and audio on one of the first supercomputers built by ] as well as NCAR's modern supercomputer fleet, many hands-on educational exhibits demonstrating weather phenomena and the changes in Earth's climate brought on by global warming, and a scenic outdoor weather trail.{{cn|date=April 2024}} | ||
| == References == | == References == | ||
| Line 142: | Line 145: | ||
| * | * | ||
| * | * | ||
| * in The New York Times | |||
| {{Atmospheric, Oceanographic and Climate Models}} | {{Atmospheric, Oceanographic and Climate Models}} | ||
| {{Authority control}} | {{Authority control}} | ||
| {{Portal bar|United States}} | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | |||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
Latest revision as of 03:34, 31 December 2024
US federally funded research and development center "NCAR" redirects here. Not to be confused with Norwegian Centre Against Racism. | |
 NCAR Mesa Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado | |
| Established | 1960 |
|---|---|
| Director | Everette Joseph |
| Staff | Nearly 1,400 |
| Location | Boulder, Colorado, United States 39°58′41″N 105°16′30″W / 39.97815°N 105.27492°W / 39.97815; -105.27492 |
| Website | ncar |
The US National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR /ˈɛnkɑːr/) is a US federally funded research and development center (FFRDC) managed by the nonprofit University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) and funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF). NCAR has multiple facilities, including the I. M. Pei-designed Mesa Laboratory headquarters in Boulder, Colorado. Studies include meteorology, climate science, atmospheric chemistry, solar-terrestrial interactions, environmental and societal impacts.
Tools and technologies
NCAR was instrumental in developing lidar, light radar, now a key archaeological tool, as well as providing a broad array of tools and technologies to the scientific community for studying Earth's atmosphere, including,
- Specialized instruments to measure atmospheric processes
- Research aircraft
- High-performance computing and cyberinfrastructure, including supercomputers
- Mauna Loa Solar Observatory
- Cooperative field campaigns
- Atmospheric models of weather, chemical, solar, and climate processes, including cooperatively developed models such as:
- Technology transfer to support societal needs
- Data sets, data services, and other resources
- NCAR Command Language (NCL), a programming language designed for use with climate and model data
Staffing areas and notable past and present scientists
The center is staffed by scientists, engineers, technicians, and support personnel. Key research areas include:
- Climate (Earth's past, present, and future climate; the greenhouse effect, global warming, and climate change; El Niño, La Niña, and other large-scale atmospheric patterns; drought, wildfires)
- Meteorology/Weather (short-term forecasts; weather forecasting and predictability; weather's effect on climate; hurricanes, tornadoes, and other severe storms; physical processes)
- Environmental and societal impacts (impacts of climate change on the natural and managed environment; interactions of weather, climate, and society; weather hazard systems for aviation and ground transportation; national security)
- Pollution and air chemistry (air pollution on local, regional, and global scales; air chemistry and climate; chemical evolution and transport in the atmosphere)
- The Sun and space weather (the structure of the Sun, from its interior to sunspots to the solar corona; the solar cycle; the Sun's effect on Earth's weather and climate; space weather)
- Other components of the Earth system (the effects on weather and climate of interactions with: the oceans and other components of Earth's water cycle, including sea ice, glaciers, and the rest of the cryosphere; forests, agriculture, urbanization and other types of land use)
Notable scientists on the current staff at the center include Tom Wigley, Kevin Trenberth, Clara Deser, and Caspar Ammann, and in past have included Paul Crutzen (Nobel Prize in chemistry, 1995); Paul Julian, who with colleague Roland Madden discovered the Madden–Julian oscillation; Stephen Schneider. Greg Holland initiated the multiscale modeling project "Predicting the Earth System Across Scales".
Organization of research—laboratories and programs
NCAR is currently organized into seven laboratories and two programs:
Laboratories
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling laboratory (ACOM)
- Climate and Global Dynamics laboratory (CGD)
- Computational & Information Systems Laboratory (CISL)—CISL was formerly known as the Scientific Computing Division (SCD). CISL manages and operates NCAR's supercomputers, mass storage system, networking, and other computing and cyberinfrastructure services. The Institute for Mathematics Applied to Geosciences (IMAGe) is a research division within CISL.
- Earth Observing Laboratory (EOL)—EOL was formerly known as the Atmospheric Technology Division (ATD). EOL manages and operates NCAR's lower atmosphere observing systems, including ground-based instrumentation and two research aircraft, on behalf of the NSF.
- High Altitude Observatory (HAO)—The oldest part of NCAR, HAO is NCAR's solar-terrestrial physics laboratory. Research foci are the Sun and the Earth's upper atmosphere. HAO operates the Mauna Loa Solar Observatory (MLSO).
- Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology laboratory (MMM)
- Research Applications Laboratory (RAL)
Programs
- Advanced Study Program (ASP)
- Integrated Science Program (ISP)
NCAR's service to the universities and larger geosciences community is reinforced by the offerings of UCAR's community programs.
Funding and management
NCAR is managed by the nonprofit UCAR and is one of the NSF's Federally Funded Research and Development Centers, with approximately 95% of its funding coming from the federal government. However, it is not a federal agency and its employees are not part of the federal personnel system. NCAR employs about 761 staff. Its annual expenditures in fiscal year 2015 were $167.8 million.
NCAR directors
The founding director of NCAR was Walter Orr Roberts. The current director is Everette Joseph.
| NCAR Director | Dates in office |
|---|---|
| Walter Orr Roberts | 1960–1968 |
| John W. Firor | 1968–1974 |
| Francis P. Bretherton | 1974–1980 |
| Wilmot N. Hess | 1980–1986 |
| Richard A. Anthes | 1986–1988 |
| Robert Serafin | 1989–2000 |
| Timothy L. Killeen | 2000–2008 |
| Eric J. Barron | 2008–2010 |
| Roger M. Wakimoto | 2010–2013 |
| Maura Hagan | 2013 (interim director) |
| James W. Hurrell | 2013–2018 |
| Everette Joseph | 2019–present |
Visiting
Scientific visitors
NCAR has many opportunities for scientific visits to the facilities for workshops, colloquia, and collaboration by colleagues in academia, government labs, and the private sector. Many NCAR staff also visit colleagues at universities and labs and serve as adjunct or visiting faculty.
Public tours
The Visitor Center at the Mesa Laboratory is open to the public daily at no charge. Guided tours and self-guided tablet tours include video and audio on one of the first supercomputers built by Seymour Cray as well as NCAR's modern supercomputer fleet, many hands-on educational exhibits demonstrating weather phenomena and the changes in Earth's climate brought on by global warming, and a scenic outdoor weather trail.
References
- "Leadership | University Corporation for Atmospheric Research". www.ucar.edu. Retrieved 2024-04-26.
- "Staff | University Corporation for Atmospheric Research". www.ucar.edu. Retrieved 2024-04-26.
- ^ Quick Facts about NCAR & UCAR
- ^ "New Director of the U.S. National Center for Atmospheric Research Rose Through the Ranks". July 31, 2013.
- NCAR Research & Resources
- National Center for Atmospheric Research (NSF Division of Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences)
- "CISL's NCAR Command Language (NCL)". UCAR.
- Atmospheric & Earth System Research: NCAR research topics, 2008, accessed 2010-06-22. Archived 2010-07-25 at the Wayback Machine
- Pearce, Fred, The Climate Files: The Battle for the Truth about Global Warming, (2010) Guardian Books, ISBN 978-0-85265-229-9, p. XVIII.
- M. Gad-el-Hak Large Scale Disasters Prediction Control and Mitigation 2008 "was initiated by Greg Holland"
- ^ "NCAR's Clickable Organization Chart". Archived from the original on 2015-01-10. Retrieved 2013-03-14.
- "UCAR Community Programs". Archived from the original on 2014-12-08. Retrieved 2013-03-14.
- ^ UCAR Highlights
- NCAR Annual Report
- NCAR Directors
- Hosansky, David (December 7, 2018). "Everette Joseph is named NCAR director". NCAR & UCAR News. Retrieved 2019-10-16.
- ^ Visitor Programs – Opportunities for Scientific Visitors & Students
External links
- Official website
- Public tours & exhibits, at the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
- High-end Computing at NCAR, at the Computational and Information Systems Laboratory
- NCAR Archives
- NCAR Research Data Archive (RDA)
- OpenSky Repository
| Atmospheric, oceanographic, cryospheric, and climate models | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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- Air pollution organizations
- Meteorology and climate education
- Meteorological organizations based in the United States
- Meteorological research institutes
- Federally Funded Research and Development Centers
- Supercomputer sites
- Earth science research institutes
- Research institutes in Colorado
- Companies based in Boulder, Colorado
- I. M. Pei buildings
- Environmental research institutes