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{{short description|British painter}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox artist {{Infobox artist
| name = Richard Wilson | name = Richard Wilson
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| caption = Portrait of Richard Wilson by {{nobreak|]}} (1752) | caption = Portrait of Richard Wilson by {{nobreak|]}} (1752)
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1714|8|1|df=y}} | birth_date = {{Birth date|1714|8|1|df=y}}
| birth_place = ], ], Britain | birth_place = ], ], Great Britain
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1782|5|15|1714|8|1|df=y}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1782|5|15|1714|8|1|df=y}}
| death_place = Colomendy Hall near ], ], Wales, U.K. | death_place = ] near ], ], Wales, Great Britain
}} }}
] I'' ({{circa|1765}})]] ] I'' ({{circa|1765}})]]
⚫ '''Richard Wilson''' {{Post-nominals|post-noms=]}} (1 August 1714 – 15 May 1782) was an influential ] ] ], who worked in Britain and Italy. With ] he is recognised as a pioneer in British art of landscape for its own sake<ref>{{cite book|author=Steven J. Gores|title=Psychosocial Spaces: Verbal and Visual Readings of British Culture, 1750–1820|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F5y-MzsfzDQC&pg=PA37|access-date=14 June 2013|year=2000|publisher=Wayne State University Press|isbn=978-0-8143-2663-3|page=37}}</ref><ref>Davies, Jenkins et al. (2008) p. 966.</ref> and was described in the Welsh Academy Encyclopedia of Wales as the "most distinguished painter Wales has ever produced and the first to appreciate the aesthetic possibilities of his country".<ref>Davies, Jenkins et al. (2008) p.965</ref> In December 1768 Wilson became one of the founder-members of the ]. A '']'' of the artist's work compiled by Paul Spencer-Longhurst is published by the ].<ref>, paul-mellon-centre.ac.uk 10 December 2014. Retrieved 28 May 2016. </ref>
⚫ ]'']]

⚫ '''Richard Wilson''' {{Post-nominals|post-noms=]}} (1 August 1714 – 15 May 1782) was an influential ] ] ], who worked in Britain and Italy. With ] he is recognised as a pioneer in British art of landscape for its own sake<ref>{{cite book|author=Steven J. Gores|title=Psychosocial Spaces: Verbal and Visual Readings of British Culture, 1750–1820|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F5y-MzsfzDQC&pg=PA37|accessdate=14 June 2013|year=2000|publisher=Wayne State University Press|isbn=978-0-8143-2663-3|page=37}}</ref><ref>Davies, Jenkins et al (2008) p. 966.</ref> and was described in the Welsh Academy Encyclopedia of Wales as the "most distinguished painter Wales has ever produced and the first to appreciate the aesthetic possibilities of his country".<ref>Davies, Jenkins et al (2008) p.965</ref> In December 1768 Wilson became one of the founder-members of the ]. A ] of the artist's work is published by the ].<ref>, paul-mellon-centre.ac.uk 10 December 2014. Retrieved 28 May 2016. </ref>


==Life== ==Life==
⚫ The son of a clergyman, Richard Wilson was born on 1 August 1714, in the village of Penegoes in ] (now ]). The family was an established one, and Wilson was first cousin to ].<ref>{{Cite DWB |id=s-WILS-RIC-1713 |title=WILSON, RICHARD (1713-1782), landscape painter |first1=John Edward Horatio |last1=Steegman |first2=Iorwerth Cyfeiliog |last2=Peate |author-link2=Iorwerth Peate |date=1959}}</ref> In 1729 he went to ], where he began as a ] painter, under the apprenticeship of an obscure artist, Thomas Wright. Wilson could often be found walking around ] Gardens with his acquaintance ] heading toward the ],<ref>{{cite web|title=British History Online|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/old-new-london/vol4/pp406-441|access-date=11 February 2015}}</ref> now known as the ].


⚫ From 1750 to 1757 Wilson was in Italy, and became a landscape painter on the advice of ]. Painting in Italy and afterwards in Britain, he was the first major British painter to concentrate on landscape. He composed well, but saw and rendered only the general effects of nature, thereby creating a personal, ideal style influenced by ] and the Dutch landscape tradition. ] wrote that Wilson "paints in a manly way, and occasionally reaches exquisite tones of colour".<ref name="ruskin 189">{{cite book |title=Modern Painters, Volume I: Part II |url=https://archive.org/details/modernpaintersvo29907gut |author=John Ruskin |location=189}}</ref> He concentrated on painting idealised Italianate landscapes and landscapes based upon classical literature, but when his painting, '']'' (c.1759–60), won acclaim, he gained many commissions from landowners seeking classical portrayals of their estates.
⚫ The son of a clergyman, Richard Wilson was born on 1 August 1714, in the village of Penegoes in ] (now ]). The family was an established one, and Wilson was first cousin to ].<ref></ref> In 1729 he went to ], where he began as a ] painter, under the apprenticeship of an obscure artist, Thomas Wright. Wilson could often be found walking around ] Gardens with his acquaintance ] heading toward the Farthing Pie House,<ref>{{cite web|title=British History Online|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/old-new-london/vol4/pp406-441|accessdate=11 February 2015}}</ref> now known as the Green Man Public House.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Green Man|url=http://www.thefunctionroomuk.com/venue/the_green_man_fitzrovia/|accessdate=11 February 2015}}</ref>

⚫ From 1750 to 1757 Wilson was in Italy, and became a landscape painter on the advice of ]. Painting in Italy and afterwards in Britain, he was the first major British painter to concentrate on landscape. He composed well, but saw and rendered only the general effects of nature, thereby creating a personal, ideal style influenced by ] and the Dutch landscape tradition. ] wrote that Wilson "paints in a manly way, and occasionally reaches exquisite tones of colour".<ref name="ruskin 189">{{cite book |title=Modern Painters, Volume I: Part II |author=John Ruskin |location=189}}</ref> He concentrated on painting idealised Italianate landscapes and landscapes based upon classical literature, but when his painting, '']'' (c.1759–60), won acclaim, he gained many commissions from landowners seeking classical portrayals of their estates.
Among Wilson's pupils was the painter ]. His landscapes were acknowledged as an influence by ], ] and ]. Among Wilson's pupils was the painter ]. His landscapes were acknowledged as an influence by ], ] and ].


Wilson died in Colomendy, ] on 15 May 1782, and is buried in the grounds of ], ]. Wilson died at ], ] on 15 May 1782, and is buried in the grounds of ], ].
⚫ ]


== Works== == Works==
], Wilson's cousin. c.1740]] ]
In 1948, ], keeper of art at ], organized a pioneer exhibition of his work.<ref name=Woodall>Kenneth Garlick, ‘Woodall, Mary (1901–1988)’, ], Oxford University Press, Sept 2004</ref> In 1948, ], keeper of art at ], organized a pioneer exhibition of his work.<ref name="Woodall">Kenneth Garlick, ‘Woodall, Mary (1901–1988)’, ], Oxford University Press, Sept 2004</ref>


Extant works include: Extant works include:
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**''Solitude'' (or ''Landskip with Hermits'') **''Solitude'' (or ''Landskip with Hermits'')
*'''Other''' *'''Other'''
**''Ceyx and Alcyone'' (1768) **''Ceyx and Alcyone<!--Q64686131-->'' (1768)
**''], Dean of Bristol and tutor to ] with his pupils'' **''], Dean of Bristol and tutor to King ] of Great Britain with his pupils''
**'']'' (1740) **''Miss Catherine Jones of Colomendy, near Mold<!--Q22977135-->'' (1740)

==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200">
File:Westminster Bridge 1774.jpg|''Westminster Bridge under Construction'', 1744
File:Richard Wilson (1713-1714-1782) - The Cock Tavern, Cheam, Surrey - N03136 - National Gallery.jpg|'']'', 1745
File:Richard Wilson - Dover - Google Art Project.jpg|''Dover Castle'', 1746
⚫ File:Richard Wilson - St Peters and the Vatican from the Janiculum, Rome - Google Art Project.jpg|''St Peters and the Vatican from the Janiculum, Rome'', 1757
File:Richard Wilson 002.jpg|''Croome Court, Worcestershire'', 1758
File:Richard Wilson - Wilton House from the Southeast - Google Art Project.jpg|''Wilton House from the Southeast'', 1759
File:Richard Wilson (1713-1714-1782) - Lake Avernus and the Island of Capri - N00304 - National Gallery.jpg|''Lake Avernus and the Island of Capri'', 1760
File:Richard Wilson (1713-1714-1782) - View on the River Dee, near Eaton, Cheshire - 486256 - National Trust.jpg|''View on the River Dee'', 1760
File:Richard Wilson - Kew Gardens- The Pagoda and Bridge - Google Art Project.jpg|'']'', 1762
File:Richard Wilson (1713-1714-1782) - The Thames near Marble Hill, Twickenham - N04874 - National Gallery.jpg|''The Thames near Marble Hill, Twickenham'', 1762
File:Richard Wilson (1713-1714-1782) - Hadrian's Villa - N00302 - National Gallery.jpg|''Hadrian's Villa'', 1765
File:Richard Wilson - Summer Evening (Caernarvon Castle) - Google Art Project.jpg|''Caernarvon Castle'', 1765
File:Richard Wilson (1713-1714-1782) - On Hounslow Heath - N04458 - National Gallery.jpg|'']'', 1770
File:Richard Wilson - Meleager and Atalanta - Google Art Project.jpg|''Meleager and Atalanta'', 1770
⚫ File:Richard Wilson - Llyn-y-Cau, Cader Idris - Google Art Project.jpg|''Llyn-y-Cau, ]'', 1774
File:Richard Wilson - A View of the Tiber with Rome in the Distance - Google Art Project.jpg|''A View of the Tiber with Rome in the Distance'', 1775
File:Richard Wilson - View of the Wilderness in St. James's Park - Google Art Project.jpg|''View of the Wilderness in St. James's Park'', c.1775
</gallery>


==References== ==References==
;References ;References
{{reflist|2}} {{reflist}}


==Further reading== ==Further reading==
*Postle, Martin and ], ''Richard Wilson and the Transformation of European Landscape Painting'', New Haven and London, 2014
{{commons category}}
*{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Wilson, Richard |volume=28 |page=695}}
*{{cite DNB|wstitle=Wilson, Richard|volume=62|pages=120–23}} *{{cite DNB|wstitle=Wilson, Richard|volume=62|pages=120–23}}
*Cole, Timothy. '''' (New York : The Century Co., 1902) pp.&nbsp;67–76. *Cole, Timothy. '''' (New York : The Century Co., 1902) pp.&nbsp;67–76.
*Fletcher, Beaumont. ''Richard Wilson. R.A. The Makers of British Art'' (Walter Scott, London, 1908). *Fletcher, Beaumont. ''Richard Wilson. R.A. The Makers of British Art'' (Walter Scott, London, 1908).
*Encyclopædia Britannica 1911. ''.
*Edwards, R. 'Richard Wilson and his pupil', in ''Country Life'' (1945 November) *Edwards, R. 'Richard Wilson and his pupil', in ''Country Life'' (1945 November)
*Ford, B. ''The Drawings of Richard Wilson'' (1951) *Ford, B. ''The Drawings of Richard Wilson'' (1951)
Line 68: Line 87:
*Sutton, Denys & Clement, Ann. ''An Italian sketchbook: drawings made by the artist in Rome and its environs'' (Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1968). *Sutton, Denys & Clement, Ann. ''An Italian sketchbook: drawings made by the artist in Rome and its environs'' (Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1968).
*], ''Richard Wilson: The Landscape of Reaction'' (Tate Gallery, London, 1982). *], ''Richard Wilson: The Landscape of Reaction'' (Tate Gallery, London, 1982).
*], ], Menna Baines and Peredur Lynch (Eds.). ''The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales'' (University of Wales Press, 2008). ISBN 978-0-7083-1953-6 *], ], Menna Baines and Peredur Lynch (Eds.). ''The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales'' (University of Wales Press, 2008). {{ISBN|978-0-7083-1953-6}}
*Wright, T., '''Some Account of The Life of Richard Wilson, Esq. RA, with testimonies to his genius and memory, and remarks on his landscapes,'<nowiki/>'' (London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green, 1824).


==External links== ==External links==
{{commons category|Richard Wilson (painter)}} {{commons category-inline}}
*{{Art UK bio|name=Richard Wilson}} *{{Art UK bio|name=Richard Wilson}}
* on ] (50 works) *{{dead link|date=June 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} on ] (50 works)
* on ] * on ]
* entry in the Encyclopedia of Irish and World Art * entry in the Encyclopedia of Irish and World Art
* *
* Museo virtuale della città di Tivoli *Museo virtuale della città di Tivoli
*


{{Authority control}} {{Authority control}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Wilson, Richard}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Wilson, Richard}}
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Latest revision as of 00:56, 18 December 2024

British painter

Richard Wilson
Portrait of Richard Wilson by Anton Raphael Mengs (1752)
Born(1714-08-01)1 August 1714
Penegoes, Montgomeryshire, Great Britain
Died15 May 1782(1782-05-15) (aged 67)
Colomendy Hall near Llanferres, Denbighshire, Wales, Great Britain
Lake Avernus I (c. 1765)

Richard Wilson RA (1 August 1714 – 15 May 1782) was an influential Welsh landscape painter, who worked in Britain and Italy. With George Lambert he is recognised as a pioneer in British art of landscape for its own sake and was described in the Welsh Academy Encyclopedia of Wales as the "most distinguished painter Wales has ever produced and the first to appreciate the aesthetic possibilities of his country". In December 1768 Wilson became one of the founder-members of the Royal Academy. A catalogue raisonné of the artist's work compiled by Paul Spencer-Longhurst is published by the Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art.

Life

The son of a clergyman, Richard Wilson was born on 1 August 1714, in the village of Penegoes in Montgomeryshire (now Powys). The family was an established one, and Wilson was first cousin to Charles Pratt, 1st Earl Camden. In 1729 he went to London, where he began as a portrait painter, under the apprenticeship of an obscure artist, Thomas Wright. Wilson could often be found walking around Marylebone Gardens with his acquaintance Baretti heading toward the Farthing Pie House, now known as the Greene Man.

From 1750 to 1757 Wilson was in Italy, and became a landscape painter on the advice of Francesco Zuccarelli. Painting in Italy and afterwards in Britain, he was the first major British painter to concentrate on landscape. He composed well, but saw and rendered only the general effects of nature, thereby creating a personal, ideal style influenced by Claude Lorrain and the Dutch landscape tradition. John Ruskin wrote that Wilson "paints in a manly way, and occasionally reaches exquisite tones of colour". He concentrated on painting idealised Italianate landscapes and landscapes based upon classical literature, but when his painting, The Destruction of the Children of Niobe (c.1759–60), won acclaim, he gained many commissions from landowners seeking classical portrayals of their estates. Among Wilson's pupils was the painter Thomas Jones. His landscapes were acknowledged as an influence by Constable, John Crome and Turner.

Wilson died at Colomendy, Denbighshire on 15 May 1782, and is buried in the grounds of St Mary's Church, Mold, Flintshire.

Works

Portrait of Miss Catherine Jones of Colomendy, Wilson's cousin. c.1740

In 1948, Mary Woodall, keeper of art at Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery, organized a pioneer exhibition of his work.

Extant works include:

  • Landscapes
    • Caernarfon Castle
    • Cock Tavern at Cheam, at the Winnipeg Art Gallery
    • Dolbadarn Castle
    • Dover Castle
    • Lake Avernus with a Sarcophagus, at the Worcester Art Museum, Worcester, MA
    • Lydford Waterfall, Tavistock
    • River at Penegoes
    • The Garden of the Villa Madama, Rome
    • Valley of the Mawddach with Cader Idris
    • View at Tivoli
    • View in Windsor Great Park
    • Cilgerran Castle
    • Classical Landscape, Strada Nomentana
    • Conway Castle
    • Dolgellau Bridge
    • The Niagara Falls'
    • Pistyll Rhaeadr, Aber Falls
    • Solitude (or Landskip with Hermits)
  • Other
    • Ceyx and Alcyone (1768)
    • Francis Ayscough, Dean of Bristol and tutor to King George III of Great Britain with his pupils
    • Miss Catherine Jones of Colomendy, near Mold (1740)

Gallery

  • Westminster Bridge under Construction, 1744 Westminster Bridge under Construction, 1744
  • The Cock Tavern at Cheam, 1745 The Cock Tavern at Cheam, 1745
  • Dover Castle, 1746 Dover Castle, 1746
  • St Peters and the Vatican from the Janiculum, Rome, 1757 St Peters and the Vatican from the Janiculum, Rome, 1757
  • Croome Court, Worcestershire, 1758 Croome Court, Worcestershire, 1758
  • Wilton House from the Southeast, 1759 Wilton House from the Southeast, 1759
  • Lake Avernus and the Island of Capri, 1760 Lake Avernus and the Island of Capri, 1760
  • View on the River Dee, 1760 View on the River Dee, 1760
  • Kew Gardens: The Pagoda and Bridge, 1762 Kew Gardens: The Pagoda and Bridge, 1762
  • The Thames near Marble Hill, Twickenham, 1762 The Thames near Marble Hill, Twickenham, 1762
  • Hadrian's Villa, 1765 Hadrian's Villa, 1765
  • Caernarvon Castle, 1765 Caernarvon Castle, 1765
  • On Hounslow Heath, 1770 On Hounslow Heath, 1770
  • Meleager and Atalanta, 1770 Meleager and Atalanta, 1770
  • Llyn-y-Cau, Cader Idris, 1774 Llyn-y-Cau, Cader Idris, 1774
  • A View of the Tiber with Rome in the Distance, 1775 A View of the Tiber with Rome in the Distance, 1775
  • View of the Wilderness in St. James's Park, c.1775 View of the Wilderness in St. James's Park, c.1775

References

References
  1. Steven J. Gores (2000). Psychosocial Spaces: Verbal and Visual Readings of British Culture, 1750–1820. Wayne State University Press. p. 37. ISBN 978-0-8143-2663-3. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
  2. Davies, Jenkins et al. (2008) p. 966.
  3. Davies, Jenkins et al. (2008) p.965
  4. Richard Wilson - Online!, paul-mellon-centre.ac.uk 10 December 2014. Retrieved 28 May 2016. Archived here.
  5. Steegman, John Edward Horatio; Peate, Iorwerth Cyfeiliog (1959). "WILSON, RICHARD (1713-1782), landscape painter". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.
  6. "British History Online". Retrieved 11 February 2015.
  7. John Ruskin. Modern Painters, Volume I: Part II. 189.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  8. Kenneth Garlick, ‘Woodall, Mary (1901–1988)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004

Further reading

  • Postle, Martin and Robin Simon, Richard Wilson and the Transformation of European Landscape Painting, New Haven and London, 2014
  • Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Wilson, Richard" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 695.
  • Lee, Sidney, ed. (1900). "Wilson, Richard" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 62. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 120–23.
  • Cole, Timothy. Old English masters (New York : The Century Co., 1902) pp. 67–76.
  • Fletcher, Beaumont. Richard Wilson. R.A. The Makers of British Art (Walter Scott, London, 1908).
  • Edwards, R. 'Richard Wilson and his pupil', in Country Life (1945 November)
  • Ford, B. The Drawings of Richard Wilson (1951)
  • Constable, W. G. Richard Wilson (1953)
  • Spencer-Longhurst, Paul. Richard Wilson: Online Catalogue Raisonné (London: Paul Mellon Centre, 2014).
  • Sutton, Denys & Clement, Ann. An Italian sketchbook: drawings made by the artist in Rome and its environs (Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1968).
  • Solkin, David H., Richard Wilson: The Landscape of Reaction (Tate Gallery, London, 1982).
  • Davies, John, Nigel Jenkins, Menna Baines and Peredur Lynch (Eds.). The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales (University of Wales Press, 2008). ISBN 978-0-7083-1953-6
  • Wright, T., 'Some Account of The Life of Richard Wilson, Esq. RA, with testimonies to his genius and memory, and remarks on his landscapes,' (London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green, 1824).

External links

Media related to Richard Wilson (painter) at Wikimedia Commons

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