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{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox district KAR |
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
district_name = Koppal |
{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Koppala}}
district_image = distmap.png |
{{Infobox settlement
district_image_desc = ]-level map of '''Koppal district''' |
| name = Koppala District
district_lat_d = ?? |
| native_name =
district_lat_m = ?? |
| native_name_lang =
district_long_d = ?? |
| other_name =
district_long_m = ?? |
state_name = ] | | settlement_type = ] of ]
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
division_name = ] |
|photo1a = Vittala temple charriot and gopuram, Hampi.JPG
taluk_names = ], ], ], ] |
|photo1b = A view of Hampi from Anjaneyadri parvat.jpg
district_hq = ] |
|photo2a = 12th century Mahadeva temple, Itagi, Karnataka India - 106.jpg
leader_title = Deputy Commissioner |
|photo2b = 9th century Navalinga temple, Kukkanur, Karnataka India - 5.jpg
leader_name = ?? |
|photo3a = Koppal Fort.jpg
district_area = 7,190 |
|size=250
population_as_of = 2001 |
district_population = 11,96,089 |
population_density = 166 |
district_postal = ?? |
district_telephone = + 91 (0) ?? |
district_vehicle = KA-?? |
district_timezone = ] (] +5:30) |
district_website = |
}} }}
| image_alt =
| image_caption = From top-left: Stone Ratha at Vittala Temple in ], view of Hampi from ], ] at ], Koppal Fort, ] at ]
| nickname =
| image_map = Karnataka Koppal locator map.svg
| image_map1 =
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Karnataka
| coordinates = {{coord|15|34|31|N|76|0|48|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type2 = ]
| subdivision_name2 = {{flagicon image|Seal of Karnataka.svg|Emblem of Karnataka}}]
| subdivision_type3 = ]
| subdivision_name3 = ]
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 24 August 1997
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = ]
| parts = ], ], ], ], ], ], ]
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = ]
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title = Deputy Commissioner
| leader_name = Nalini Atul<br>{{small|(])}}
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 45.2
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1,389,920
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name=districtcensus/>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = ]
| timezone1 = ]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = ]
| postal_code = 5832
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 08539
| registration_plate = * ] KA-37
| website = {{ url |koppal.nic.in}}
| iso_code = ]
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}
'''Koppala district''', officially known as '''Koppala district''' is an administrative ] in the state of ] in ]. In the past Koppal was referred to as 'Kopana Nagara'. ], a World heritage center, covers some areas of Koppala District. It is situated approximately 38&nbsp;km away. ], is also a famous travel destination.


==History==
Koppal, now a district headquarters, is ancient ''Kopana'', a major Jain holy site. ] is described as the famous ''Indrakila parvata'' of mythology. There is an ancient Shiva temple called the ''Male Malleshwara''. There are two Ashoka inscriptions at ''Palkigundu'' and ''Gavimatha''. Koppal was the capital of a branch of ]s under the ]. In ]'s times it was one of the eight ''prant''s or revenue divisions of Southern Maratha Country.<ref>{{cite book |title=Glimpses of Maratha socio-economic history |last=Chitnis |first=Krishnaji Nageshrao |year=1994 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributors |location=New Delhi |isbn=81-7156-347-3 |page=155 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k--C9xHsSnEC&q=Koppal&pg=PA13 |access-date=2010-12-14}}</ref> During ], Mundargi Bheema Rao and Hammige Kenchanagouda died fighting the British here in June 1858. ] 13&nbsp;km away from Koppal is famous for its traditional colourful lacquerware.


== Towns in Koppala District ==
'''Koppal''' (] ಕೊಪ್ಪಳಾ) is an administrative ] in the state of ] in ]. The district headquarters are located at ]. The district occupies an ] of 7,190 ] and has a ] of 1,196,089 of which 16.58% were urban as of ].


* ]
'''Koppal''' district has four talukas, namely, Koppal, Gangavati, Yalburgi, Kushtagi.
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* Shivapur


==Geography==
The approximate distances of the taluka head-quarters from the district head-quarters are as follows.


The district occupies an area of 7,190&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> and has a population of 1,196,089, of which 16.58% was urban as of 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindiamaps.net/page/India_WhizMap/IndiaMap.htm |title=Census GIS India |access-date=27 August 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703215108/http://www.censusindiamaps.net/page/India_WhizMap/IndiaMap.htm |archive-date=3 July 2007 }}</ref>
Gangavati - 48km
Kushtagi - 50km
Yalburgi - 40km


Koppal district was carved out of ] district in 1997.
Long time ago, the name of this city of Koppal was 'Kopana nagara'.


== Taluks ==
'''Hampi''', a World heritage center, covers some areas of Koppal District. Situated approximately 38km.


Koppal district has the following seven ]: ], ], ], ], ], ] and ].
'''Anegundi''', is also a famous travel destination.


==Demographics==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=2,84,184|13=1911|14=3,05,145|15=1921|16=2,90,083|17=1931|18=3,17,262|19=1941|20=3,55,851|21=1951|22=4,21,043|23=1961|24=4,65,545|25=1971|26=6,11,928|27=1981|28=7,48,222|29=1991|30=9,58,078|31=2001|32=11,96,089|33=2011|34=13,89,920|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref></ref>|align=center}}

{{bar box
|title = Religion in Koppal district (2011)<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Karnataka |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11378/download/14491/DDW29C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|]|darkorange|87.63}}
{{bar percent|]|green|11.64}}
{{bar percent|Others|black|0.73}}
}}

According to the ] Koppal district has a ] of 1,389,920,<ref name=districtcensus>{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=District Census Handbook: Koppal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/622/download/2136/DH_2011_2906_PART_A_DCHB_KOPPAL.pdf |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=]}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of ]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 13 June 2007 | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote = Swaziland 1,370,424
}}</ref> or the US state of ].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|title=2010 Resident Population Data
|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau
|access-date=2011-09-30
|quote=Hawaii 1,360,301
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019160532/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|archive-date=19 October 2013
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 350th in India (out of a total of ]).<ref name=districtcensus/>
The district has a population density of {{convert|250|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name=districtcensus/> Its ] over the decade 2001-2011 was 16.32%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Koppal has a ] of 983 ] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a ] of 67.28%. 16.81% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 18.61% and 11.82% of the population respectively.<ref name=districtcensus/>

{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Languages of Koppal district (2011)<ref name="language"/>
|label1 = ] |value1 = 84.09 |color1 = darkslateblue
|label2 = ] |value2 = 7.34 |color2 = green
|label3 = ] |value3 = 4.17 |color3 = steelblue
|label4 = ] |value4 = 1.64 |color4 = khaki
|label5 = ] |value5 = 1.44 |color5 = orange
|label6 = Others |value6 = 1.32 |color6 = grey
}}

At the time of the 2011 census, 84.09% of the population spoke ], 7.34% ], 4.17% ], 1.64% ] and 1.44% ] as their first language.<ref name="language">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Karnataka|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2900.XLSX|website=] |publisher=]}}</ref>

==Tourist attractions==
]

Most notable of the many buildings dating from this period<ref>]</ref> is the Mahadeva Temple at Itagi in the Yelabarga taluk.

===The Mahadeva Temple===
]
]
]

The Mahadeva temple at Itagi dedicated to Shiva is among the larger temples built by the Western Chalukyas and perhaps the most famous. Inscriptions hail it as the 'Emperor among temples'.<ref name="emperor">Kamath (2001), pp 117–118</ref> Here, the main temple, the sanctum of which has a ''linga'', is surrounded by thirteen minor shrines, each with its own ''linga''. The temple has two other shrines, dedicated to Murthinarayana and Chandraleshwari, parents of Mahadeva, the Chalukya commander who consecrated the temple in 1112 CE.<ref name="parent">{{cite web|title=Emperor of Temples' crying for attention|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2002/06/10/stories/2002061003760500.htm|author=Rao, Kishan|work=The Hindu|date=2002-06-10|access-date=2007-11-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071128010619/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2002/06/10/stories/2002061003760500.htm|archive-date=2007-11-28|url-status=usurped}}</ref>
Soapstone is found in abundance in the regions of Haveri, Savanur, Byadgi, Motebennur and Hangal. The great archaic sandstone building blocks used by the Badami Chalukyas were superseded with smaller blocks of soapstone and with smaller masonry.<ref name="hangal">Cousens (1926), p 18</ref>
The first temple to be built from this material was the Amrtesvara Temple in Annigeri in the Dharwad district in 1050 CE. This building was to be the prototype for later, more articulated structures such as the Mahadeva Temple at Itagi.<ref name="sand">Foekema (2003), p 49</ref>
The 11th-century temple-building boom continued in the 12th century with the addition of new features. The Mahadeva Temple at Itagi and the Siddhesvara Temple in Haveri are standard constructions incorporating these developments. Based on the general plan of the Amrtesvara Temple at Annigeri, the Mahadeva Temple was built in 1112 CE and has the same architectural components as its predecessor. There are however differences in their articulation; the ''sala'' roof (roof under the ] of the superstructure) and the miniature towers on ]s are chiseled instead of moulded.<ref name="sala">Foekema (2003), p 57</ref>

]]]

The difference between the two temples, built fifty years apart, is the more rigid modelling and decoration found in many components of the Mahadeva Temple. The voluptuous carvings of the 11th century were replaced with a more severe chiselling.<ref name="chisele">Foekema (2003), p 56</ref>

In Karnataka their most famous temples are the ''Kashivishvanatha''<ref>]</ref> temple and the Jain Narayana temple at ], both of which are ] World Heritage sites.<ref name="karnataka_whs">{{cite web|title=Reclaiming past glory|url=http://www.archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/feb272007/spectrum1437452007226.asp|author=Vijapur, Raju S.|publisher=Spectrum|work=Deccan Herald|access-date=2007-02-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007194411/http://archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/feb272007/spectrum1437452007226.asp|archive-date=2011-10-07|url-status=dead}}</ref> Other well known temples are the ''Parameshwara'' temple at Konnur, ''Brahmadeva'' temple at Savadi, the ''Settavva'', ''Kontigudi II'', ''Jadaragudi'' and ''Ambigeragudi'' temples at ], ''Mallikarjuna'' temple at Ron, ''Andhakeshwara'' temple at Huli, ''Someshwara'' temple at Sogal, Jain temples at Lokapura, '']'' at Kuknur, ''Kumaraswamy'' temple at Sandur, at Shirival in Gulbarga and the ''Trikunteshwara'' temple at Gadag which was later expanded by Kalyani Chalukyas. Archeological study of these temples show some have the stellar (multigonal) plan later to be used profusely by the ] of ] and ].<ref name="karnatakatemples">Sundara and Rajashekar, {{cite web|title=Society, Religion and Economic condition in the period of Rashtrakutas |url=http://www.ourkarnataka.com/history.htm |author=Arthikaje, Mangalore |publisher=1998–2000 OurKarnataka.Com, Inc. |access-date=2006-12-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061104095148/http://www.ourkarnataka.com/history.htm |archive-date=4 November 2006 }}</ref> One of the richest traditions in Indian architecture took shape in the Deccan during this time and one writer calls it ''Karnata dravida'' style as opposed to traditional Dravida style.<ref name="Karnatadravida">{{cite journal |jstor=3250027 |last1=Sinha |first1=Ajay J. |title=Reviewed work: Indian Temple Architecture: Form and Transformation, the Karṇāṭa Drāviḍa Tradition, 7th to 13th Centuries, Adam Hardy |journal=Artibus Asiae |volume=58 |issue=3/4 |pages=358–362 |year=1999 |doi=10.2307/3250027 }}</ref>


==See also== ==See also==
* ] *]
*]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Koppal district}}
*
*
*

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Koppal district
|North = ]
|Northeast =
|East = ]
|Southeast =
|South = ]
|Southwest =
|West = ]
|Northwest =
}}

{{Karnataka topics}}


{{Koppal}}
{{Karnataka-geo-stub}}
{{Settlements in Koppal district|state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Koppal District}}
{{Karnataka}}
] ]
]
]

Latest revision as of 09:28, 31 December 2024

This article is about the district. For its eponymous headquarters, see Koppala. District of Karnataka in India
Koppala District
District of Karnataka
From top-left: Stone Ratha at Vittala Temple in Hampi, view of Hampi from Anjeyanadri Hill, Mahadeva Temple at Itagi, Koppal Fort, Navalinga Temple at Kuknur
Location in KarnatakaLocation in Karnataka
Coordinates: 15°34′31″N 76°0′48″E / 15.57528°N 76.01333°E / 15.57528; 76.01333
Country India
StateKarnataka
DivisionKalaburagi
Established24 August 1997
HeadquartersKoppal
TalukKoppala, Gangavathi, Yelburga, Kushtagi, Kanakagiri, Kukanur, Karatagi
Government
 • Deputy CommissionerNalini Atul
(IAS)
Area
 • Total45.2 km (17.5 sq mi)
Population
 • Total1,389,920
 • Density31,000/km (80,000/sq mi)
Languages
 • OfficialKannada
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN5832
Telephone code08539
ISO 3166 codeIN-KA
Vehicle registration
Websitekoppal.nic.in

Koppala district, officially known as Koppala district is an administrative district in the state of Karnataka in India. In the past Koppal was referred to as 'Kopana Nagara'. Hampi, a World heritage center, covers some areas of Koppala District. It is situated approximately 38 km away. Anegundi, is also a famous travel destination.

History

Koppal, now a district headquarters, is ancient Kopana, a major Jain holy site. Palkigundu is described as the famous Indrakila parvata of mythology. There is an ancient Shiva temple called the Male Malleshwara. There are two Ashoka inscriptions at Palkigundu and Gavimatha. Koppal was the capital of a branch of Shilaharas under the Chalukyas of Kalyani. In Shivaji's times it was one of the eight prants or revenue divisions of Southern Maratha Country. During India's First War of Independence, Mundargi Bheema Rao and Hammige Kenchanagouda died fighting the British here in June 1858. Kinhal 13 km away from Koppal is famous for its traditional colourful lacquerware.

Towns in Koppala District

Geography

The district occupies an area of 7,190 km and has a population of 1,196,089, of which 16.58% was urban as of 2001.

Koppal district was carved out of Raichur district in 1997.

Taluks

Koppal district has the following seven talukas: Koppal, Gangavathi, Yelburga, Kushtagi, Kanakagiri, Kuknoor and Karatagi.

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901284,184—    
1911305,145+0.71%
1921290,083−0.50%
1931317,262+0.90%
1941355,851+1.15%
1951421,043+1.70%
1961465,545+1.01%
1971611,928+2.77%
1981748,222+2.03%
1991958,078+2.50%
20011,196,089+2.24%
20111,389,920+1.51%
source:
Religion in Koppal district (2011)
Hinduism   87.63%
Islam   11.64%
Others   0.73%

According to the 2011 census Koppal district has a population of 1,389,920, roughly equal to the nation of Eswatini or the US state of Hawaii. This gives it a ranking of 350th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 250 inhabitants per square kilometre (650/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 16.32%. Koppal has a sex ratio of 983 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 67.28%. 16.81% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 18.61% and 11.82% of the population respectively.

Languages of Koppal district (2011)

  Kannada (84.09%)  Urdu (7.34%)  Telugu (4.17%)  Lambadi (1.64%)  Hindi (1.44%)  Others (1.32%)

At the time of the 2011 census, 84.09% of the population spoke Kannada, 7.34% Urdu, 4.17% Telugu, 1.64% Lambadi and 1.44% Hindi as their first language.

Tourist attractions

Mahadeva Temple at Itagi in the Koppal district, 1112 CE, an example of Karnata-Dravida articulation with a nagara superstructure

Most notable of the many buildings dating from this period is the Mahadeva Temple at Itagi in the Yelabarga taluk.

The Mahadeva Temple

Open mantapa (hall) at the Mahadeva Temple in Itagi, the Koppal district, 1112 CE
Figure sculpture at Mahadeva Temple
Domical ceiling in Mahadeva Temple at Itagi, the Koppal district

The Mahadeva temple at Itagi dedicated to Shiva is among the larger temples built by the Western Chalukyas and perhaps the most famous. Inscriptions hail it as the 'Emperor among temples'. Here, the main temple, the sanctum of which has a linga, is surrounded by thirteen minor shrines, each with its own linga. The temple has two other shrines, dedicated to Murthinarayana and Chandraleshwari, parents of Mahadeva, the Chalukya commander who consecrated the temple in 1112 CE. Soapstone is found in abundance in the regions of Haveri, Savanur, Byadgi, Motebennur and Hangal. The great archaic sandstone building blocks used by the Badami Chalukyas were superseded with smaller blocks of soapstone and with smaller masonry. The first temple to be built from this material was the Amrtesvara Temple in Annigeri in the Dharwad district in 1050 CE. This building was to be the prototype for later, more articulated structures such as the Mahadeva Temple at Itagi. The 11th-century temple-building boom continued in the 12th century with the addition of new features. The Mahadeva Temple at Itagi and the Siddhesvara Temple in Haveri are standard constructions incorporating these developments. Based on the general plan of the Amrtesvara Temple at Annigeri, the Mahadeva Temple was built in 1112 CE and has the same architectural components as its predecessor. There are however differences in their articulation; the sala roof (roof under the finial of the superstructure) and the miniature towers on pilasters are chiseled instead of moulded.

9th century old Kannada inscription at Navalinga temple in Kuknur, Karnataka

The difference between the two temples, built fifty years apart, is the more rigid modelling and decoration found in many components of the Mahadeva Temple. The voluptuous carvings of the 11th century were replaced with a more severe chiselling.

In Karnataka their most famous temples are the Kashivishvanatha temple and the Jain Narayana temple at Pattadakal, both of which are UNESCO World Heritage sites. Other well known temples are the Parameshwara temple at Konnur, Brahmadeva temple at Savadi, the Settavva, Kontigudi II, Jadaragudi and Ambigeragudi temples at Aihole, Mallikarjuna temple at Ron, Andhakeshwara temple at Huli, Someshwara temple at Sogal, Jain temples at Lokapura, Navalinga Temple at Kuknur, Kumaraswamy temple at Sandur, at Shirival in Gulbarga and the Trikunteshwara temple at Gadag which was later expanded by Kalyani Chalukyas. Archeological study of these temples show some have the stellar (multigonal) plan later to be used profusely by the Hoysalas of Belur and Halebidu. One of the richest traditions in Indian architecture took shape in the Deccan during this time and one writer calls it Karnata dravida style as opposed to traditional Dravida style.

See also

References

  1. ^ "District Census Handbook: Koppal" (PDF). censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
  2. Chitnis, Krishnaji Nageshrao (1994). Glimpses of Maratha socio-economic history. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. p. 155. ISBN 81-7156-347-3. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
  3. "Census GIS India". Archived from the original on 3 July 2007. Retrieved 27 August 2009.
  4. Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
  5. "Table C-01 Population by Religion: Karnataka". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
  6. US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 1 October 2011. Swaziland 1,370,424
  7. "2010 Resident Population Data". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2011. Hawaii 1,360,301
  8. ^ "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Karnataka". Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  9. Western Chalukya architecture
  10. Kamath (2001), pp 117–118
  11. Rao, Kishan (10 June 2002). "Emperor of Temples' crying for attention". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 28 November 2007. Retrieved 9 November 2007.
  12. Cousens (1926), p 18
  13. Foekema (2003), p 49
  14. Foekema (2003), p 57
  15. Foekema (2003), p 56
  16. Rashtrakutas
  17. Vijapur, Raju S. "Reclaiming past glory". Deccan Herald. Spectrum. Archived from the original on 7 October 2011. Retrieved 27 February 2007.
  18. Sundara and Rajashekar, Arthikaje, Mangalore. "Society, Religion and Economic condition in the period of Rashtrakutas". 1998–2000 OurKarnataka.Com, Inc. Archived from the original on 4 November 2006. Retrieved 20 December 2006.
  19. Sinha, Ajay J. (1999). "Reviewed work: Indian Temple Architecture: Form and Transformation, the Karṇāṭa Drāviḍa Tradition, 7th to 13th Centuries, Adam Hardy". Artibus Asiae. 58 (3/4): 358–362. doi:10.2307/3250027. JSTOR 3250027.

External links

Places adjacent to Koppal district
Bagalkot district
Gadag district Koppal district Raichur district
Bellary district
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