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{{Short description|One hundred years, from 2100 BC to 2001 BC}}
: ''2000 B.C. redirects here. For the Canibus album, see ]''
{{Centurybox|-21}}

The '''21st century BC''' was a ] that lasted from the year 2100 BC to 2001 BC.
{{centuryBCbox
| cp = ]
| c = ]
| cna = 20
| cnb = th century BC
}}

(] - ''']''' - ])

----


== Events == == Events ==
] (seated) bestows governorship on Ḫašḫamer, patesi (high priest) of Iškun-] (cylinder seal impression, ca. 2100 BC).]]
* ] — ] — ]n campaigns of ].
* ] — beginning of the mythological ] is traditionally set in this year.
* ] — ] wars in ].
* ] — ], first recorded battle in ] myths.
* ] – ] — ] wars in ].
* ] — Oak trees for ] felled.
* c. ] - End of ] in ]. Start of ]. ] - 14th Dynasties.
* 2040 BC — Pharaoh ] died. End of ]. Pharaoh ] started to rule. Start of ].
* ] – ] — ]-] wars.
* c. ] - ]: "Model of a house and garden, from ]". 11th dynasty. It is now in the ], ].
* c. 2009 BC - ]: Funerary temple of ] was built. ].
* 2004 BC — ] destruction of ].
* ] — Arrival of the ancestors of the ] in ].
* ] — The town of ] was presumedly founded.
* ] — ] is believed to have been completed.
* ] — ] and ] travel south from ] and settle in ].


All dates from this long ago should be regarded as either approximate or conjectural; there are no absolutely certain dates, and multiple competing reconstructed chronologies, for this time period.
== Significant persons ==
<!-- Note that per WP:DATE, years before 1700 BC should link to the relevant century. Thus wikifying any of these years will redirect to this page. Only wikify links to other centuries. -->


* {{circa|2150–2040 BC}} – The ], a period of decline in Egyptian central power.<ref name="O'Neill">{{Cite book |first=John P. |last=O'Neill |title=Egyptian Art in the Age of the Pyramids |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-87099-907-9 |page=20}}</ref>
* ], ]
* {{circa|2112–2004 BC}} – The ].<ref name="GRoux">{{Cite book |first=Georges |last=Roux |title=La Mésopotamie |publisher=Seuil |year=1995 |isbn=978-2-02-008632-5 |page=189}}</ref> The ] is built. Administrative power in ] is pushed far, with an ], an appointed civil servant, at the head of the constituencies. A meticulous and finicky bureaucracy manages, counts and controls the whole administration, which is as much concerned with the economy as with war or the service of the gods. The weight of such an administration arguably contributes to the collapse of the empire. Finally, the ] sack ] and the third dynasty comes to an end.<ref name="Margueron">{{Cite book |first=Jean-Claude |last=Margueron |title=Le Proche-Orient et l'Égypte antiques |publisher=Hachette Éducation Technique |year=2012 |isbn=978-2-01-140096-3 |page=174}}</ref>
* ] of ]
* {{circa|2100–2000 BC}}:
* ] (probably)
** ] is written in the Sumerian language, including the '']''.<ref name="Papin">{{Cite book |first=Yves Denis |last=Papin |title=Chronologie de l'histoire ancienne |publisher=Jean-paul Gisserot |year=1998 |isbn=978-2-87747-346-0 |page=8}}</ref>
* According to ] tradition, lifetime of ], the 7th ] of ]
** In ], the two circles of ]s that form the inner part of ] are erected.<ref name="Azéma">{{Cite book |first1=Marc |last1=Azéma |first2=Laurent |last2=Brasier |title=Le beau livre de la préhistoire |publisher=Dunod |year=2016 |isbn=978-2-10-075789-3 |page=371}}</ref>
** ], "The Burnt City" in Persia, is abandoned.<ref>{{Cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Foltz |title=Iran in World History |publisher=] |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-19-933550-3 |page=6}}</ref>
* {{circa|2100–1900 BC}}: The beginning of the Middle ] in ].<ref>{{Cite book |first=Demetrios |last=Protopsaltis |title=An Encyclopedic Chronology of Greece and Its History |publisher=Xlibris Corporation |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-4691-3999-9 |page=37}}</ref> Bronze metallurgy and the ] are introduced,<ref>{{Cite book |first=Jean |last=Tulard |title=Histoire de la Crète |publisher=Que sais-je ? |year=1978 |isbn=978-2-13-065663-0 |page=72}}</ref> as are ].<ref>{{Cite book |first=André |last=Pichot |title=La naissance de la science |volume=2 |publisher=Gallimard |year=2014 |isbn=978-2-07-253206-1 |page=15}}</ref>
* {{circa|2100–1800 BC}} – The ] emerges in the northern ].<ref>{{Cite book |first1=Bryan K. |last1=Hanks |first2=Katheryn M. |last2=Linduff |title=Social Complexity in Prehistoric Eurasia |publisher=] |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-521-51712-6 |page=47}}</ref>
* {{circa|2070 BC}} – ] establishes the ] in China.<ref>{{cite book|last=Mungello|first=David E.|title=The Great Encounter of China and the West, 1500–1800|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|edition=3|year=2009|isbn=9780742557987|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9x3vE0UMPkMC&q=%22yu+the+great%22+legendary&pg=PA97|page=97}}</ref>
* {{circa|2050 BC}} – The beginning of the Middle ] in ].<ref>{{Cite book |first=David N. |last=Edwards |title=The Nubian Past |publisher=] |year=2004 |isbn=978-1-134-20087-0 |page=81}}</ref>
* Late spring 2049&nbsp;BC – ] is built in Britain.<ref>Based on tree felling date. {{Cite web |title=The art of Seahenge|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/blog/art-seahenge|access-date=2023-10-08|website=The British Museum|language=en}}</ref>
* {{circa|2040 BC}} – ], ruler of the ] in ], completes the reunification of ] following his victory over the pharaohs of ], which marks the beginning of the ].<ref name="Grimal">{{Cite book |first=Nicolas |last=Grimal |title=Histoire de l'Égypte ancienne |publisher=Fayard |year=1988 |isbn=978-2-213-64001-3 |page=194}}</ref>
* {{circa|2000 BC}} – The earliest bronze age artifacts in Southeast Asia found in the ] site in ] indicate the absence of a militaristic or urbanized state.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://seasiabib.museum.upenn.edu:8001/pdf_articles/bookchapters/2008_White.pdf |title=White, J.C. 2008 Dating Early Bronze at Ban Chiang, Thailand. In From Homo erectus to the Living Traditions. Pautreau, J.-P.; Coupey, A.-S.; Zeitoun, V.; Rambault, E., editors. European Association of Southeast Asian Archaeologists, Chiang Mai, pp. 91-104. |access-date=2012-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808095943/http://seasiabib.museum.upenn.edu:8001/pdf_articles/bookchapters/2008_White.pdf |archive-date=2017-08-08 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


==References==
== Inventions, discoveries, introductions ==
{{Commons category}}{{reflist}}

* ] — Emperor ] makes first (perhaps mythical) ] drink by boiling fresh leaves.
* ] — First written accounts of ].


{{Decades and years}}
{{Centuries}} {{Centuries}}
{{Authority control}}


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Latest revision as of 05:22, 5 May 2024

One hundred years, from 2100 BC to 2001 BC
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Births – Deaths
Establishments – Disestablishments

The 21st century BC was a century that lasted from the year 2100 BC to 2001 BC.

Events

Ur-Nammu (seated) bestows governorship on Ḫašḫamer, patesi (high priest) of Iškun-Sin (cylinder seal impression, ca. 2100 BC).

All dates from this long ago should be regarded as either approximate or conjectural; there are no absolutely certain dates, and multiple competing reconstructed chronologies, for this time period.

References

  1. O'Neill, John P. (1999). Egyptian Art in the Age of the Pyramids. Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-87099-907-9.
  2. Roux, Georges (1995). La Mésopotamie. Seuil. p. 189. ISBN 978-2-02-008632-5.
  3. Margueron, Jean-Claude (2012). Le Proche-Orient et l'Égypte antiques. Hachette Éducation Technique. p. 174. ISBN 978-2-01-140096-3.
  4. Papin, Yves Denis (1998). Chronologie de l'histoire ancienne. Jean-paul Gisserot. p. 8. ISBN 978-2-87747-346-0.
  5. Azéma, Marc; Brasier, Laurent (2016). Le beau livre de la préhistoire. Dunod. p. 371. ISBN 978-2-10-075789-3.
  6. Foltz, Richard C. (2016). Iran in World History. Oxford University Press. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-19-933550-3.
  7. Protopsaltis, Demetrios (2012). An Encyclopedic Chronology of Greece and Its History. Xlibris Corporation. p. 37. ISBN 978-1-4691-3999-9.
  8. Tulard, Jean (1978). Histoire de la Crète. Que sais-je ?. p. 72. ISBN 978-2-13-065663-0.
  9. Pichot, André (2014). La naissance de la science. Vol. 2. Gallimard. p. 15. ISBN 978-2-07-253206-1.
  10. Hanks, Bryan K.; Linduff, Katheryn M. (2009). Social Complexity in Prehistoric Eurasia. Cambridge University Press. p. 47. ISBN 978-0-521-51712-6.
  11. Mungello, David E. (2009). The Great Encounter of China and the West, 1500–1800 (3 ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 97. ISBN 9780742557987.
  12. Edwards, David N. (2004). The Nubian Past. Routledge. p. 81. ISBN 978-1-134-20087-0.
  13. Based on tree felling date. "The art of Seahenge". The British Museum. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  14. Grimal, Nicolas (1988). Histoire de l'Égypte ancienne. Fayard. p. 194. ISBN 978-2-213-64001-3.
  15. "White, J.C. 2008 Dating Early Bronze at Ban Chiang, Thailand. In From Homo erectus to the Living Traditions. Pautreau, J.-P.; Coupey, A.-S.; Zeitoun, V.; Rambault, E., editors. European Association of Southeast Asian Archaeologists, Chiang Mai, pp. 91-104" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-08. Retrieved 2012-04-24.
Decades and years
21st century BC
23rd century BC ← 22nd century BC ← ↔ → 20th century BC → 19th century BC
2100s BC 2109 BC 2108 BC 2107 BC 2106 BC 2105 BC 2104 BC 2103 BC 2102 BC 2101 BC 2100 BC
2090s BC 2099 BC 2098 BC 2097 BC 2096 BC 2095 BC 2094 BC 2093 BC 2092 BC 2091 BC 2090 BC
2080s BC 2089 BC 2088 BC 2087 BC 2086 BC 2085 BC 2084 BC 2083 BC 2082 BC 2081 BC 2080 BC
2070s BC 2079 BC 2078 BC 2077 BC 2076 BC 2075 BC 2074 BC 2073 BC 2072 BC 2071 BC 2070 BC
2060s BC 2069 BC 2068 BC 2067 BC 2066 BC 2065 BC 2064 BC 2063 BC 2062 BC 2061 BC 2060 BC
2050s BC 2059 BC 2058 BC 2057 BC 2056 BC 2055 BC 2054 BC 2053 BC 2052 BC 2051 BC 2050 BC
2040s BC 2049 BC 2048 BC 2047 BC 2046 BC 2045 BC 2044 BC 2043 BC 2042 BC 2041 BC 2040 BC
2030s BC 2039 BC 2038 BC 2037 BC 2036 BC 2035 BC 2034 BC 2033 BC 2032 BC 2031 BC 2030 BC
2020s BC 2029 BC 2028 BC 2027 BC 2026 BC 2025 BC 2024 BC 2023 BC 2022 BC 2021 BC 2020 BC
2010s BC 2019 BC 2018 BC 2017 BC 2016 BC 2015 BC 2014 BC 2013 BC 2012 BC 2011 BC 2010 BC
2000s BC 2009 BC 2008 BC 2007 BC 2006 BC 2005 BC 2004 BC 2003 BC 2002 BC 2001 BC 2000 BC
1990s BC 1999 BC 1998 BC 1997 BC 1996 BC 1995 BC 1994 BC 1993 BC 1992 BC 1991 BC 1990 BC
Centuries and millennia
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BC (BCE)
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2nd 20th 19th 18th 17th 16th 15th 14th 13th 12th 11th
1st 10th 9th 8th 7th 6th 5th 4th 3rd 2nd 1st
AD (CE)
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