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| {{Short description|German chemist (1780–1849)}} | |||
| {{Infobox scientist | {{Infobox scientist | ||
| |name = Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner | |name = Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner | ||
| |image = Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner. |
|image = Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner.jpeg | ||
| |image_size = 200px | |image_size = 200px | ||
| |caption = |
|caption = Döbereiner | ||
| |birth_date = {{birth date|1780|12|13|df=y}} | |birth_date = {{birth date|1780|12|13|df=y}} | ||
| |birth_place = ], ] | |birth_place = ], ] | ||
| |death_date = {{death date and age|1849|3|24|1780|12|13|df=y}} | |death_date = {{death date and age|1849|3|24|1780|12|13|df=y}} | ||
| |death_place = ], ] | |death_place = ], ] | ||
| ⚫ | | |
||
| |citizenship = | |||
| |nationality = ] | |||
| |ethnicity = | |||
| |field = ] | |field = ] | ||
| ⚫ | |education = | ||
| |studied_at =Munchberg and Strasbourg | |||
| |work_institutions = ] | |work_institutions = ] | ||
| |alma_mater = | |alma_mater = | ||
| |doctoral_advisor = | |doctoral_advisor = | ||
| |doctoral_students = | |doctoral_students = | ||
| |known_for = |
|known_for = ] <br />] | ||
| |author_abbrev_bot = | |author_abbrev_bot = | ||
| |author_abbrev_zoo = | |author_abbrev_zoo = | ||
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| |influenced = | |influenced = | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| '''Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner''' (13 December 1780 – 24 March 1849) was a |
'''Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner''' (13 December 1780 – 24 March 1849) was a German ] who is known best for work that was suggestive of the ] for the ]s, and for inventing the first ], which was known as the ].<ref name="inde_Trea">{{Cite web| title = Treasures: Table lighters ignite interest in collectors| website=Irish Independent News| date = 2016-11-11| access-date = 2017-01-27| url = http://www.independent.ie/life/home-garden/treasures-table-lighters-ignite-interest-in-collectors-35205370.html}}</ref> He became a professor of chemistry and pharmacy for the ]. | ||
| == Life and work== | == Life and work== | ||
| As a coachman's son, Döbereiner had little opportunity for formal schooling. |
As a coachman's son, Döbereiner had little opportunity for formal schooling. Thus, he was apprenticed to an apothecary, and began to read widely and to attend science lectures. He eventually became a professor for the ] in 1810 and also studied chemistry at ]. In work published during 1829,<ref>{{cite journal | author = Döbereiner, Johann Wolfgang | title = Versuch zu Gruppirung der elementaren Stoffe nach ihrer Analogie | trans-title = An attempt to group elementary substances according to their analogies | journal = ] | year = 1829 | volume = 15 | issue = 2 | pages = 301–307 | url = https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015065410634&view=1up&seq=315 | language = de | doi = 10.1002/andp.18290910217 | bibcode = 1829AnP....91..301D }} | ||
| * English translation: {{cite book |editor1-last=Leicester |editor1-first=Henry M. |editor2-last=Klickstein |editor2-first=Herbert S. |title=A Source Book in Chemistry, 1400-1900 |date=1952 |publisher=Harvard University Press |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA |pages=268–272 |url=http://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/dobereiner.html }} From p. 269: " … an attempt which I made twelve years ago to group substances by their analogies."</ref> Döbereiner reported trends in certain properties of selected groups of elements. For example, the average of the atomic masses of ] and ] was close to the atomic mass of ]. A similar pattern was found with ], ], and ]; with ], ], ]; and with ], ], and ]. Moreover, the densities for some of these triads had a similar pattern. These sets of elements became known as "]".<ref name=purdue>{{cite web | title = Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner| url = http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/history/dobereiner.html |website=Chemed Chemistry| access-date = 2016-03-23 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160323155930/http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/history/dobereiner.html |archive-date=2016-03-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=A Historic Overview: Mendeleev and the Periodic Table|publisher=]|url=http://genesismission.jpl.nasa.gov/educate/scimodule/UnderElem/UnderElem_pdf/HistOverST.pdf|website=Genesis Mission|access-date = 2008-03-08}}</ref> | |||
| ] | ] | ||
| Döbereiner |
Döbereiner is also known for his discovery of ],<ref>{{cite journal | ||
| | title = Ueber die medicinische und chemische Anwendung und die vortheilhafte Darstellung der Ameisensäure | | title = Ueber die medicinische und chemische Anwendung und die vortheilhafte Darstellung der Ameisensäure | ||
| | trans-title = On the medical and chemical application and the profitable preparation of formic acid | |||
| | pages = 141–146 | | pages = 141–146 | ||
| | author = J. W. Döbereiner | | author = J. W. Döbereiner | ||
| Line 37: | Line 36: | ||
| | issue = 2 | | issue = 2 | ||
| | year = 1832 | | year = 1832 | ||
| | journal = |
| journal =Annalen der Pharmacie | ||
| | doi = 10.1002/jlac.18320030206 |
| doi = 10.1002/jlac.18320030206| url = https://zenodo.org/record/1426896 | ||
| }} From p. 141: ''"Ich verbinde mit diese Bitte noch die Bemerkung, … Bittermandelöl riechende Materie enthält, … "'' (I join to this request also the observation that the formic acid which is formed by the simultaneous reaction of sulfuric acid and manganese peroxide with sugar and which contains a volatile material that appears oily in an isolated condition and that smells like a mixture of cassia and bitter almond oil … )</ref> for his work concerning the use of ] as a catalyst, and for the invention of a lighter, known as ].<ref>See: | |||
| * {{cite journal |last1=Döbereiner |title=Neu entdeckte merkwürdige Eigenschaften des Sub-oxyds des Platins, des oxydirten Schwefel-Platins und des metallischen Platin-Staubes |journal=Annalen der Physik |date=1823 |volume=74 |issue=3 |pages=269–273 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.096071120&view=1up&seq=293 |series=1st series |doi=10.1002/andp.18230740705 |bibcode=1823AnP....74..269D |trans-title=Newly discovered remarkable properties of the suboxides of platinum, of oxidized platinum sulfide, and of metallic platinum dust |language=de}} See also | |||
| * {{cite journal |last1=Döbereiner |title=Neu entdeckte merkwürdige Eigenschaften des Sub-oxyds des Platins, des oxydirten Schwefel-Platins und des metallischen Platin-Staubes |journal= Annalen der Physik|date=1823 |volume=38 |issue=7 |pages=321–326 |doi=10.1002/andp.18230740705 |bibcode=1823AnP....74..269D |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433069069189&view=1up&seq=341 |trans-title=Newly discovered remarkable properties of the suboxides of platinum, of oxidized platinum sulfide, and of metallic platinum dust |language=de}} | |||
| * {{cite journal |last1=Williams |first1=William D. |title=Dobereiner's hydrogen lighter |journal=Bulletin for the History of Chemistry |date=1999 |volume=24 |pages=66–68 |url=http://acshist.scs.illinois.edu/bulletin_open_access/num24/num24%20p66-68.pdf}} | |||
| * {{cite journal |last1=Kauffman |first1=George B. |title=Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner's Feuerzeug |journal=Platinum Metals Review |date=1999 |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=122–128|doi=10.1595/003214099X433122128 |doi-access=free }}</ref> By 1828 hundreds of thousands of these lighters had been mass produced by the German manufacturer ] in ].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Thomas|first=John Meurig|date=2017|title=The RSC Faraday prize lecture of 1989|journal=Chemical Communications|volume=53|issue=66|pages=9185–9197|doi=10.1039/C7CC90240A|pmid=28782762}}</ref> | |||
| The German writer ] was a friend of Döbereiner, attended his lectures weekly, and used his theories of ] as a basis for his famous 1809 novella ] | The German writer ] was a friend of Döbereiner, attended his lectures weekly, and used his theories of ] as a basis for his famous 1809 novella ]. | ||
| ==Works== | ==Works== | ||
| Line 50: | Line 54: | ||
| == Further reading == | == Further reading == | ||
| {{Wikisource1911Enc|Döbereiner, Johann Wolfgang|Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner}} | {{Wikisource1911Enc|Döbereiner, Johann Wolfgang|Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner}} | ||
| * {{cite journal | title = |
* {{cite journal | title =The Pivotal Role of Platinum in the Discovery of Catalysis | author = Collins, P. M. D. | journal = Platinum Metals Review | volume = 30 | issue = 3 | year = 1986 | pages = 141–146 | doi = 10.1595/003214086X303141146 | url = http://www.platinummetalsreview.com/pdf/pmr-v30-i3-141-146.pdf }} | ||
| * {{cite journal | author = Döbereiner, Johann Wolfgang | title = An Attempt to Group Elementary Substances according to Their Analogies | journal = ] | year = 1829 | volume = 15 | pages = 301–307 | url = http://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/dobereiner.html }}ff | * {{cite journal | author = Döbereiner, Johann Wolfgang | title = An Attempt to Group Elementary Substances according to Their Analogies | journal = ] | year = 1829 | volume = 15 | issue = 2 | pages = 301–307 | url = http://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/dobereiner.html | doi = 10.1002/andp.18290910217 | bibcode = 1829AnP....91..301D }}ff | ||
| *{{cite journal |doi=10.1511/1998.4.326 |
*{{cite journal |doi=10.1511/1998.4.326 |last=Hoffmann |first=Roald |date=Jul–Aug 1998 |title=Döbereiner's Lighter |journal=] |volume=86 |issue=4 |page=326 |url=http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/pub/d-bereiners-lighter/4 |access-date=2014-09-10 |archive-date=2016-11-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107051342/http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/pub/d-bereiners-lighter/4 |url-status=dead }} | ||
| * {{cite journal|author=Hoffmann, Roald |title=Döbereiner's Lighter |journal=American Scientist |volume=86 |issue=4 |year=1998 |page=326 |url=http://www.americanscientist.org/template/AssetDetail/assetid/27722?&print=yes#27354 |doi=10.1511/1998.4.326 | |
* {{cite journal|author=Hoffmann, Roald |title=Döbereiner's Lighter |journal=American Scientist |volume=86 |issue=4 |year=1998 |page=326 |url=http://www.americanscientist.org/template/AssetDetail/assetid/27722?&print=yes#27354 |doi=10.1511/1998.4.326 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060324144726/http://www.americanscientist.org/template/AssetDetail/assetid/27722?&print=yes |archive-date=March 24, 2006 }} | ||
| * {{cite journal | title = |
* {{cite journal | title = Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner's Feuerzeug | author = Kauffman, George B. | journal = Platinum Metals Review | volume = 43 | issue = 3 | year = 1999 | pages = 122–128 | doi = 10.1595/003214099X433122128 | url = http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/matthey/pmr/1999/00000043/00000003/art00013 | author-link = George B. Kauffman | doi-access = free }} | ||
| * {{cite journal | author = |
* {{cite journal | author =Kaufmann, George | title = From Triads to Catalysis: Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner (1780–1849) on the 150th Anniversary of His Death | journal = The Chemical Educator | volume = 4 | issue = 5 | year = 1999 | pages = 186–197 | doi = 10.1007/s00897990326a | s2cid = 97696152 }} | ||
| * {{cite journal | author = |
* {{cite journal | author = McDonald, Donald | title = Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner | journal = Platinum Metals Review | volume = 9 | issue = 4 | year = 1965 | pages = 136–139 | doi = 10.1595/003214065X94136139 | url = http://www.platinummetalsreview.com/pdf/pmr-v9-i4-136-139.pdf | access-date = 2007-02-15 | archive-date = 2015-09-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924074454/http://www.platinummetalsreview.com/pdf/pmr-v9-i4-136-139.pdf | url-status = dead }} | ||
| * {{cite journal | author = Prandtl, Wilhelm | title = Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner, Goethe's Chemical Adviser | journal = Journal of Chemical Education | year = 1950 | volume = 27 | issue = 4 | pages = 176–181 | doi = 10.1021/ed027p176|bibcode = 1950JChEd..27..176P }} | * {{cite journal | author = Prandtl, Wilhelm | title = Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner, Goethe's Chemical Adviser | journal = Journal of Chemical Education | year = 1950 | volume = 27 | issue = 4 | pages = 176–181 | doi = 10.1021/ed027p176|bibcode = 1950JChEd..27..176P }} | ||
| *Kimberley A. McGrath, Bridget Travers. 1999. World of Scientific Discovery. Gale Research. | *Kimberley A. McGrath, Bridget Travers. 1999. World of Scientific Discovery. Gale Research. | ||
| *Scerri Eric. 2020, , 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, New York, {{ISBN|978-0190914363}} | |||
| {{Authority control}} | {{Authority control}} | ||
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Latest revision as of 12:34, 22 October 2024
German chemist (1780–1849)| Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner | |
|---|---|
 Döbereiner | |
| Born | (1780-12-13)13 December 1780 Hof, Principality of Bayreuth |
| Died | 24 March 1849(1849-03-24) (aged 68) Jena, Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach |
| Known for | Döbereiner's triads Döbereiner's lamp |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Chemistry |
| Institutions | University of Jena |
Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner (13 December 1780 – 24 March 1849) was a German chemist who is known best for work that was suggestive of the periodic law for the chemical elements, and for inventing the first lighter, which was known as the Döbereiner's lamp. He became a professor of chemistry and pharmacy for the University of Jena.
Life and work
As a coachman's son, Döbereiner had little opportunity for formal schooling. Thus, he was apprenticed to an apothecary, and began to read widely and to attend science lectures. He eventually became a professor for the University of Jena in 1810 and also studied chemistry at Strasbourg. In work published during 1829, Döbereiner reported trends in certain properties of selected groups of elements. For example, the average of the atomic masses of lithium and potassium was close to the atomic mass of sodium. A similar pattern was found with calcium, strontium, and barium; with sulfur, selenium, tellurium; and with chlorine, bromine, and iodine. Moreover, the densities for some of these triads had a similar pattern. These sets of elements became known as "Döbereiner's triads".
Döbereiner is also known for his discovery of furfural, for his work concerning the use of platinum as a catalyst, and for the invention of a lighter, known as Döbereiner's lamp. By 1828 hundreds of thousands of these lighters had been mass produced by the German manufacturer Gottfried Piegler in Schleiz.
The German writer Goethe was a friend of Döbereiner, attended his lectures weekly, and used his theories of chemical affinities as a basis for his famous 1809 novella Elective Affinities.
Works
- Deutsches Apothekerbuch . Vol. 1-3 . Balz, Stuttgart 1842-1848 Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
References
- "Treasures: Table lighters ignite interest in collectors". Irish Independent News. 2016-11-11. Retrieved 2017-01-27.
- Döbereiner, Johann Wolfgang (1829). "Versuch zu Gruppirung der elementaren Stoffe nach ihrer Analogie" [An attempt to group elementary substances according to their analogies]. Annalen der Physik und Chemie (in German). 15 (2): 301–307. Bibcode:1829AnP....91..301D. doi:10.1002/andp.18290910217.
- English translation: Leicester, Henry M.; Klickstein, Herbert S., eds. (1952). A Source Book in Chemistry, 1400-1900. Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Harvard University Press. pp. 268–272. From p. 269: " … an attempt which I made twelve years ago to group substances by their analogies."
- "Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner". Chemed Chemistry. Archived from the original on 2016-03-23. Retrieved 2016-03-23.
- "A Historic Overview: Mendeleev and the Periodic Table" (PDF). Genesis Mission. NASA. Retrieved 2008-03-08.
- J. W. Döbereiner (1832). "Ueber die medicinische und chemische Anwendung und die vortheilhafte Darstellung der Ameisensäure" [On the medical and chemical application and the profitable preparation of formic acid]. Annalen der Pharmacie. 3 (2): 141–146. doi:10.1002/jlac.18320030206. From p. 141: "Ich verbinde mit diese Bitte noch die Bemerkung, … Bittermandelöl riechende Materie enthält, … " (I join to this request also the observation that the formic acid which is formed by the simultaneous reaction of sulfuric acid and manganese peroxide with sugar and which contains a volatile material that appears oily in an isolated condition and that smells like a mixture of cassia and bitter almond oil … )
- See:
- Döbereiner (1823). "Neu entdeckte merkwürdige Eigenschaften des Sub-oxyds des Platins, des oxydirten Schwefel-Platins und des metallischen Platin-Staubes" [Newly discovered remarkable properties of the suboxides of platinum, of oxidized platinum sulfide, and of metallic platinum dust]. Annalen der Physik. 1st series (in German). 74 (3): 269–273. Bibcode:1823AnP....74..269D. doi:10.1002/andp.18230740705. See also Fig. 14 on Table III.
- Döbereiner (1823). "Neu entdeckte merkwürdige Eigenschaften des Sub-oxyds des Platins, des oxydirten Schwefel-Platins und des metallischen Platin-Staubes" [Newly discovered remarkable properties of the suboxides of platinum, of oxidized platinum sulfide, and of metallic platinum dust]. Annalen der Physik (in German). 38 (7): 321–326. Bibcode:1823AnP....74..269D. doi:10.1002/andp.18230740705.
- Williams, William D. (1999). "Dobereiner's hydrogen lighter" (PDF). Bulletin for the History of Chemistry. 24: 66–68.
- Kauffman, George B. (1999). "Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner's Feuerzeug". Platinum Metals Review. 43 (3): 122–128. doi:10.1595/003214099X433122128.
- Thomas, John Meurig (2017). "The RSC Faraday prize lecture of 1989". Chemical Communications. 53 (66): 9185–9197. doi:10.1039/C7CC90240A. PMID 28782762.
Further reading
- Collins, P. M. D. (1986). "The Pivotal Role of Platinum in the Discovery of Catalysis" (PDF). Platinum Metals Review. 30 (3): 141–146. doi:10.1595/003214086X303141146.
- Döbereiner, Johann Wolfgang (1829). "An Attempt to Group Elementary Substances according to Their Analogies". Annalen der Physik und Chemie. 15 (2): 301–307. Bibcode:1829AnP....91..301D. doi:10.1002/andp.18290910217.ff
- Hoffmann, Roald (Jul–Aug 1998). "Döbereiner's Lighter". American Scientist. 86 (4): 326. doi:10.1511/1998.4.326. Archived from the original on 2016-11-07. Retrieved 2014-09-10.
- Hoffmann, Roald (1998). "Döbereiner's Lighter". American Scientist. 86 (4): 326. doi:10.1511/1998.4.326. Archived from the original on March 24, 2006.
- Kauffman, George B. (1999). "Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner's Feuerzeug". Platinum Metals Review. 43 (3): 122–128. doi:10.1595/003214099X433122128.
- Kaufmann, George (1999). "From Triads to Catalysis: Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner (1780–1849) on the 150th Anniversary of His Death". The Chemical Educator. 4 (5): 186–197. doi:10.1007/s00897990326a. S2CID 97696152.
- McDonald, Donald (1965). "Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner" (PDF). Platinum Metals Review. 9 (4): 136–139. doi:10.1595/003214065X94136139. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2007-02-15.
- Prandtl, Wilhelm (1950). "Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner, Goethe's Chemical Adviser". Journal of Chemical Education. 27 (4): 176–181. Bibcode:1950JChEd..27..176P. doi:10.1021/ed027p176.
- Kimberley A. McGrath, Bridget Travers. 1999. World of Scientific Discovery. Gale Research.
- Scerri Eric. 2020, The Periodic Table: Its Story and Its Significance, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, New York, ISBN 978-0190914363
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