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{{Short description|Kazakh politician (born 1947)}}
{{Inline|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder {{Infobox officeholder
| name = Zharmakhan Tuyakbay | name = Zharmakhan Tuyakbay
| image = Zharmakhan Tuyakbay.jpg | image = Zharmakhan Tuyakbay.jpg
| office = 2nd ]
⚫ | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1947|11|22}}
| deputy = ]
⚫ | birth_name = Zharmakhan Aytbayuli Tuyakbay
| term_start = 1 December 1999
⚫ | birth_place = Kyzylkiya, ], ]
| term_end = 19 October 2004
⚫ | death_date =
⚫ | predecessor = ]
⚫ | death_place =
| nationality = ] | successor = ]
| office = Chairman of the ] of the ] | office2 = Member of the ]
| term_start = December 1, 1999 | status2 =
| term_end = October 14, 2004 | term_start2 = 10 October 1999
| president = ] | term_end2 = 14 October 2004
| office3 = ]
⚫ | predecessor = Marat Ospanov
| successor = Ural Mukhamedzhanov | term_start3 = 7 December 1990
| office2 = Prosecutor General of Kazakhstan | term_end3 = 6 October 1995
| term_start2 = December 1990 | president3 = ]
| term_end2 = October 1995 | predecessor3 = ]
| president2 = ] | successor3 = ]
| successor2 = ] | office4 = Chairman of ]
| term_start4 = 10 September 2006
| other_names =
| occupation = | term_end4 = 26 April 2019
| predecessor4 = Position established
| years_active =
| known_for = | successor4 = ]
⚫ | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1947|11|22}}
| notable_works =
⚫ | birth_name = Zharmakhan Aytbayuli Tuyakbay
⚫ | birth_place = ], ], ]
⚫ | death_date =
⚫ | death_place =
| nationality = ]
| party = ]
| otherparty = ]<br>] (1975–1991)
| native_name = {{nobold|Жармахан Тұяқбай}}
| native_name_lang = kk
| caption = Tuyakbay in 2005
}} }}
'''Zharmakhan Aytbayuli Tuyakbay''' ({{lang-kz|Жармахан Айтбайұлы Тұяқбай}} ''Jarmahan Ai'tbai'uly Tuyaqbai'''; {{lang-ru|Жармахан Айтбаевич Туякбай}} ''Žarmaxan Ajtbaevič Tujakbaj''; born on 22 November 1947 in ] of the ] of the ]) is a Kazakh politician. At present, he is ] of the ] and ] political movement. Some analysts considered Tuyakbay the most significant challenger to ] ] in the 2005 ] ].


'''Zharmakhan Aitbaiuly Tuyakbay''' ({{langx|kk|Жармахан Айтбайұлы Тұяқбай}}, {{lang|kk-latn|Jarmahan Aitbaiūly Tūiaqbai}}, {{IPA-kk|ʒɑrmɑˈχɑn ɑjtˌbɑjʊˈɫɤ tʊjɑqˈbɑj|}}; born 22 November 1947) is a retired ] politician. He was the chairman of the ] from 2007 to 2019 and prior to that, he served as the ] from 1999 to 2004.
⚫ ==Life and career==
⚫ In 1971 Chairman Tuyakbay graduated from the Law Department of the ]. The Investigatory Department of the Shymkent Oblast Prosecutor Office recruited him. In 1981, Tuyakbay was appointed Deputy General Prosecutor of ]. In December, 1986 the Government of ] severely crushed protests in ] in response to the appointing of the new First Secretary of the Kazakh Communist Party, whose nationality was ]. This ], which subsequently was named ] lead to numerous resignations and shifts among top Kazakh officials. Tuyakbay was removed from his office and appointed Prosecutor of ], and later ].


Tuyakbay was an opposition candidate in the ] for the ] ], losing the race President ] to which he refused to concede. Some analysts considered Tuyakbay the most significant challenger to Nazarbayev in the election.
⚫ In 1990, one year before the collapse of ] and proclamation of ] of ], Tuyakbay was appointed ] of ]. In 1995, he was appointed ] of the State Investigatory Committee, and held the office until 1997. Upon his resignation, Tuyakbay became Chief Military Prosecutor of Kazakhstan.

⚫ ==Early life and career==
Tuyakbay was born in the town of Novostroyka (present-day Qyzylkia) in ] to the parents of Aitbay Tuyakbaev (1902–1978), who was a collective farmer, and Tynym Tuyakbaeva (1925–1994). In 1971, having graduated from the Law School of the ], Tuyakbay was recruited by the Investigatory Department of the Shymkent Oblast Prosecutor Office.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Туякбай Жармахан Айтбайулы. Успешные уроженцы Шымкента (Южного Казахстана). Проект «Shymkent13».|url=http://www.shymkent13.ru/blog/tujakbaj_zharmakhan_ajtbajuly/2014-03-26-201|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-10-17|website=www.shymkent13.ru|language=ru}}</ref>

⚫ In 1981, Tuyakbay was appointed as Deputy General Prosecutor of the ]. In December 1986, the Soviet government severely crushed protests in ] in response to the appointing of the new First Secretary of the ] because of his Russian ethnicity. This riot, which subsequently was named ] lead to numerous resignations and shifts among top Kazakh officials. Tuyakbay was removed from his office and appointed Prosecutor of ], and later ].<ref name=":0" />

⚫ On 7 December 1990, one year before the ] and proclamation of declaration of independence of ], Tuyakbay was appointed Prosecutor General of Kazakhstan. In 1995, he was appointed as the chairman of the State Investigatory Committee where he held the office until 1997. Upon his resignation, Tuyakbay became Chief Military Prosecutor of Kazakhstan.<ref name=":0" />


==Political career== ==Political career==
=== Chairman of the Mäjilis (1999–2004) ===
In 1999, Tuyakbay ran for seat at ] (Lower House) of ], and won the election at Sary-Agash region of South-Kazakhstan oblast. On December 1, 1999 Zharmakhan Tuyakbay was elected ] of ] of the Republic of Kazakhstan for five-year term. Several months before next ], which were due September 19, 2004, he became ] of pro-government ] (Motherland), and was the first on the election party list.
In ], Tuyakbay ran for a seat in the ] of ] where he won election at Sary-Agash constituency of the ].<ref name=":0" /> On 1 December 1999, Tuyakbay was elected as the ] for a five-year term.<ref name="majlishistory">{{Cite web|url=http://www.parlam.kz/en/mazhilis/history?id=history|title=Mazhilis of the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan|website=www.parlam.kz}}</ref>


Several months before the ], which were held on 19 September 2004, he became deputy chairman of the pro-government ] party, and was the first on the election party list.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2004-09-22|title=Обобщенные данные {{!}} Номад {{!}} 22.09.2004|url=https://nomad.su/?a=3-200409220118|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-10-17|website=nomad.su|language=ru}}</ref> However, on 14 October 2004, Tuyakbay publicly condemned violations during the elections and renounced his mandate as MP.<ref>{{Cite web|last=КАМЗИЕВА|first=Гульмира|date=2004-10-23|title=Туякбай – не заместитель президента, и уже – не заместитель председателя партии|url=https://rus.azattyq.org/a/1180360.html|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-10-17|website=Радио Азаттык|language=ru}}</ref>
However, on October 14, 2004 Tuyakbay publicly condemned violations during the elections and renounced his mandate of member of Majilis. A month later, he became ] of the Coordinating Council of Democratic Forces of Kazakhstan, which included ] party (DCK), ] party and the ] of ], and lead a working group for elaboration of draft of the new ] of Kazakhstan.


===2005 presidential campaign===
On March 20, 2005, Political Movement ] was formed, and Tuyakbay became ] of the organization. On September 10, 2005 Zharmakhan Tuyakbay was announced a single candidate from the democratic forces of Kazakhstan to become a main challenger of the current president ]. On October 5, 2005, he was registered as ] by the Central Elections Committee of Kazakhstan.
{{See also|2005 Kazakh presidential election}}
On 23 November 2004, Tuyakbay was elected as the chairman of the Coordinating Council of Democratic Forces of Kazakhstan, which included the ] (QDT), ], ] where he led a working group for to elaborate the draft of the new ].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2004-11-24|title=Жармахан Туякбай ушел в оппозицию|url=https://zonakz.net/2004/11/24/%d0%b6%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%b0%d1%85%d0%b0%d0%bd-%d1%82%d1%83%d1%8f%d0%ba%d0%b1%d0%b0%d0%b9-%d1%83%d1%88%d0%b5%d0%bb-%d0%b2-%d0%be%d0%bf%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%b7%d0%b8%d1%86%d0%b8%d1%8e/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-10-17|website=zonakz.net|language=ru-RU}}</ref>


On 20 March 2005, the political movement bloc, ] (ÄQÜ), was formed where Tuyakbay became the chairman of the organization and was nominated as candidate for the upcoming presidential election which was supposed to be held in December 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2005-03-22|title=Жармахан Туякбай выдвинут как единый кандидат в президенты РК от демократических сил {{!}} Номад {{!}} 22.03.2005|url=https://nomad.su/?a=3-200503220230|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-10-17|website=nomad.su|language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2005-03-20|title=Kazakh Opposition Names Challenger To Nazarbaev|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1058048.html|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-10-17|website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|language=en}}</ref> However in June 2005, it was announced that a snap election would be held in December of that year.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2005-06-29|title=Партия Отан мобилизует свои силы {{!}} Номад {{!}} 29.06.2005|url=https://nomad.su/?a=3-200506290018|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-10-17|website=nomad.su|language=ru}}</ref> On 15 October 2005, Tuyakbay was registered as a ] by the ].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2005-10-17|title=Туякбай зарегистрирован кандидатом на пост президента РК {{!}} Номад {{!}} 17.10.2005|url=https://nomad.su/?a=3-200510170122|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-10-17|website=nomad.su|language=ru}}</ref> He campaigned on the Nazarbayev's alleged corruption and vowed to fight poverty.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2005-12-02|title=Kazakh leader poised for re-election|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2005/12/2/kazakh-leader-poised-for-re-election|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-10-17|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref>
On December 4, 2005 ] Zharmakhan Tuyakbay with slightly more than 6% was the second after ], who won more than 90% of the vote. The ] (OSCE) concluded the election did not meet international standards despite some improvements in the administration of the election.


In the ] held on 4 December 2005, Tuyakbay, with slightly more than 6%, came second after ], who won more than 90% of the vote. The ] (OSCE) concluded that the election did not meet international standards, despite some improvements in the administration of the election. Tuyakbay refused to concede his loss and called for the results to be annulled.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2005-12-05|title=Kazakh election condemned|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2005/12/5/kazakh-election-condemned|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-10-17|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2005-12-05|title=Preliminary Results Give Kazakh President Landslide Win|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1063500.html|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-10-17|website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|language=en}}</ref> He challenged the case to the ] which rejected his appeal on 23 December.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2005-12-26|title=Верховный суд отказал Туякбаю в удовлетворении иска к ЦИК РК {{!}} Номад {{!}} 26.12.2005|url=https://nomad.su/?a=3-200512260118|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-10-17|website=nomad.su|language=ru}}</ref>
On 19 July 2006 Tuyakbay announced about establishing the ]. The party was registered by the governmental authorities in January 2007. It aims to become a member of the ] organization.


===Chairman of the JSDP (2006–2019)===
In the 18 August 2007 ] of ] elections, the party won 4.62% of the ] and no seats. All seats were won by the ruling ] party.
On 19 July 2006, Tuyakbay announced about establishing a new political party that would become the ] (JSDP) where its founding congress was held on 10 September 2006 in ]. From there, Tuyakbay was chosen to be its chairman.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2006-09-12|title=Состоялся учредительный съезд общенациональной социал-демократической партии {{!}} Номад {{!}} 12.09.2006|url=https://nomad.su/?a=3-200609120312|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-10-17|website=nomad.su|language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2006-07-19|title=Kazakh Opposition Leader Calls For New Party|url=https://en.trend.az/casia/kazakhstan/858283.html|access-date=2020-10-17|website=Trend.Az|language=en}}</ref>

After the announcement of a ] on 20 June 2007, Tuyakbay criticized the move as "giving the opposition too little to prepare."<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2007-06-21|title=Central Asia Report: June 21, 2007|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1347582.html|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-10-17|website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|language=en}}</ref> The JSDP came in second place and won 4.62% of the vote, however as it was expected, all the 98 contested seats were won by the ruling ] party.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-08-18|title=Kazakhstan votes in test for democracy|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world/kazakhstan-votes-in-test-for-democracy/story-UVr0fNGsQYaKg4uqCdE5zO.html|access-date=2020-10-17|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2007-08-18|title=Kazakhs vote in parliamentary poll|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2007/8/18/kazakhs-vote-in-parliamentary-poll|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-10-17|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref>

In 2015, the party became a full member of the ]<ref>]</ref>{{Circular reference|date=June 2019}}

On 26 April 2019, during the JSDP Congress, Tuyakbay announced his resignation as the chairman of the party.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2019-04-26|title=Бойкот выборов, смена руководства и названия. Съезд ОСДП|url=https://rus.azattyq.org/a/kazakhstan-almaty-ospd-boikot/29905095.html|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-10-17|website=Радио Азаттык}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Маулетбай|first1=Серикжан|last2=Жакупова|first2=Зарина|date=2019-04-26|title=Съезд ОСДП перед выборами президента. Текст трансляции|url=https://informburo.kz/novosti/sezd-partii-osdp-pered-vyborami-prezidenta-tekstovaya-translyaciya.html|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-10-17|website=informburo.kz|language=ru}}</ref> He endorsed ] to succeed his role who was unanimously chosen by the party delegates.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2019-04-26|title=USDP boycotts presidential election|url=https://kaztag.kz/en/news/usdp-boycotts-presidential-election|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-10-17|website=kaztag.kz|language=en}}</ref> However on 6 September 2019, Bapi resigned from the post as the party chairman after a vote of no confidence.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Маулетбай|first=Серикжан|date=2019-09-06|title=Ермурат Бапи покинул пост главы ОСДП, новым лидером партии стал Асхат Рахимжанов|url=https://informburo.kz/novosti/ermurat-bapi-pokinul-post-glavy-osdp-novym-liderom-partii-stal-ashat-rahimzhanov.html|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-10-17|website=informburo.kz|language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=МАМАШУЛЫ|first=Асылхан|date=2019-09-06|title=Ермурата Бапи отстранили от руководства ОСДП и исключили из партии|url=https://rus.azattyq.org/a/30149377.html|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-10-17|website=Радио Азаттык|language=ru}}</ref> Tuyakbay called this decision a "dirty coup" and called upon the delegates to restore Bapi's position.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2019-09-08|title=Туякбай назвал «подлым переворотом» смещение Бапи с поста председателя ОСДП - Аналитический интернет-журнал Vласть|url=https://vlast.kz/novosti/35153-tuakbaj-nazval-podlym-perevorotom-smesenie-bapi-s-posta-predsedatela-osdp.html|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-10-17|website=vlast.kz|language=ru}}</ref>


==Personal life== ==Personal life==
Zharmakhan Tuyakbay is married, has three children and eight grandchildren. Tuyakbay is married, has three children and nine grandchildren.

==References==
{{Reflist}}


==External links== ==External links==
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Latest revision as of 03:33, 10 November 2024

Kazakh politician (born 1947)
This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (July 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Zharmakhan Tuyakbay
Жармахан Тұяқбай
Tuyakbay in 2005
2nd Chairman of the Mäjilis
In office
1 December 1999 – 19 October 2004
DeputyMuhammed Kopeev
Preceded byMarat Ospanov
Succeeded byOral Muhamedjanov
Member of the Mäjilis
In office
10 October 1999 – 14 October 2004
Prosecutor General of Kazakhstan
In office
7 December 1990 – 6 October 1995
PresidentNursultan Nazarbayev
Preceded byGalim Elemisov
Succeeded byMaksut Narikbaev
Chairman of Nationwide Social Democratic Party
In office
10 September 2006 – 26 April 2019
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byErmurat Bapi
Personal details
BornZharmakhan Aytbayuli Tuyakbay
(1947-11-22) 22 November 1947 (age 77)
Qyzylkia, Kazakh SSR, Soviet Union
NationalityKazakh
Political partyJSDP
Other political
affiliations		ÄQÜ
QKP (1975–1991)

Zharmakhan Aitbaiuly Tuyakbay (Kazakh: Жармахан Айтбайұлы Тұяқбай, Jarmahan Aitbaiūly Tūiaqbai, [ʒɑrmɑˈχɑn ɑjtˌbɑjʊˈɫɤ tʊjɑqˈbɑj]; born 22 November 1947) is a retired Kazakh politician. He was the chairman of the Nationwide Social Democratic Party from 2007 to 2019 and prior to that, he served as the Mäjilis chairman from 1999 to 2004.

Tuyakbay was an opposition candidate in the 2005 Kazakh presidential election for the For a Just Kazakhstan political alliance, losing the race President Nursultan Nazarbayev to which he refused to concede. Some analysts considered Tuyakbay the most significant challenger to Nazarbayev in the election.

Early life and career

Tuyakbay was born in the town of Novostroyka (present-day Qyzylkia) in South Kazakhstan Region to the parents of Aitbay Tuyakbaev (1902–1978), who was a collective farmer, and Tynym Tuyakbaeva (1925–1994). In 1971, having graduated from the Law School of the Kazakh State University, Tuyakbay was recruited by the Investigatory Department of the Shymkent Oblast Prosecutor Office.

In 1981, Tuyakbay was appointed as Deputy General Prosecutor of the Kazakh SSR. In December 1986, the Soviet government severely crushed protests in Alma-Ata in response to the appointing of the new First Secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan because of his Russian ethnicity. This riot, which subsequently was named Jeltoqsan lead to numerous resignations and shifts among top Kazakh officials. Tuyakbay was removed from his office and appointed Prosecutor of Mangystau Region, and later Atyrau Region.

On 7 December 1990, one year before the collapse of the Soviet Union and proclamation of declaration of independence of Kazakhstan, Tuyakbay was appointed Prosecutor General of Kazakhstan. In 1995, he was appointed as the chairman of the State Investigatory Committee where he held the office until 1997. Upon his resignation, Tuyakbay became Chief Military Prosecutor of Kazakhstan.

Political career

Chairman of the Mäjilis (1999–2004)

In 1999, Tuyakbay ran for a seat in the Mäjilis of Parliament of Kazakhstan where he won election at Sary-Agash constituency of the South Kazakhstan Region. On 1 December 1999, Tuyakbay was elected as the Chairman of the Mäjilis for a five-year term.

Several months before the 2004 legislative election, which were held on 19 September 2004, he became deputy chairman of the pro-government Otan party, and was the first on the election party list. However, on 14 October 2004, Tuyakbay publicly condemned violations during the elections and renounced his mandate as MP.

2005 presidential campaign

See also: 2005 Kazakh presidential election

On 23 November 2004, Tuyakbay was elected as the chairman of the Coordinating Council of Democratic Forces of Kazakhstan, which included the Democratic Choice of Kazakhstan (QDT), Nağyz Aq Jol, Communist Party of Kazakhstan where he led a working group for to elaborate the draft of the new Constitution of Kazakhstan.

On 20 March 2005, the political movement bloc, For a Just Kazakhstan (ÄQÜ), was formed where Tuyakbay became the chairman of the organization and was nominated as candidate for the upcoming presidential election which was supposed to be held in December 2006. However in June 2005, it was announced that a snap election would be held in December of that year. On 15 October 2005, Tuyakbay was registered as a presidential candidate by the Central Election Commission. He campaigned on the Nazarbayev's alleged corruption and vowed to fight poverty.

In the presidential election held on 4 December 2005, Tuyakbay, with slightly more than 6%, came second after Nursultan Nazarbayev, who won more than 90% of the vote. The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) concluded that the election did not meet international standards, despite some improvements in the administration of the election. Tuyakbay refused to concede his loss and called for the results to be annulled. He challenged the case to the Supreme Court of Kazakhstan which rejected his appeal on 23 December.

Chairman of the JSDP (2006–2019)

On 19 July 2006, Tuyakbay announced about establishing a new political party that would become the Nationwide Social Democratic Party (JSDP) where its founding congress was held on 10 September 2006 in Almaty. From there, Tuyakbay was chosen to be its chairman.

After the announcement of a snap parliamentary elections on 20 June 2007, Tuyakbay criticized the move as "giving the opposition too little to prepare." The JSDP came in second place and won 4.62% of the vote, however as it was expected, all the 98 contested seats were won by the ruling Nur Otan party.

In 2015, the party became a full member of the Socialist International

On 26 April 2019, during the JSDP Congress, Tuyakbay announced his resignation as the chairman of the party. He endorsed Ermurat Bapi to succeed his role who was unanimously chosen by the party delegates. However on 6 September 2019, Bapi resigned from the post as the party chairman after a vote of no confidence. Tuyakbay called this decision a "dirty coup" and called upon the delegates to restore Bapi's position.

Personal life

Tuyakbay is married, has three children and nine grandchildren.

References

  1. ^ "Туякбай Жармахан Айтбайулы. Успешные уроженцы Шымкента (Южного Казахстана). Проект «Shymkent13»". www.shymkent13.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2020-10-17.
  2. "Mazhilis of the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan". www.parlam.kz.
  3. "Обобщенные данные | Номад | 22.09.2004". nomad.su (in Russian). 2004-09-22. Retrieved 2020-10-17.
  4. КАМЗИЕВА, Гульмира (2004-10-23). "Туякбай – не заместитель президента, и уже – не заместитель председателя партии". Радио Азаттык (in Russian). Retrieved 2020-10-17.
  5. "Жармахан Туякбай ушел в оппозицию". zonakz.net (in Russian). 2004-11-24. Retrieved 2020-10-17.
  6. "Жармахан Туякбай выдвинут как единый кандидат в президенты РК от демократических сил | Номад | 22.03.2005". nomad.su (in Russian). 2005-03-22. Retrieved 2020-10-17.
  7. "Kazakh Opposition Names Challenger To Nazarbaev". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. 2005-03-20. Retrieved 2020-10-17.
  8. "Партия Отан мобилизует свои силы | Номад | 29.06.2005". nomad.su (in Russian). 2005-06-29. Retrieved 2020-10-17.
  9. "Туякбай зарегистрирован кандидатом на пост президента РК | Номад | 17.10.2005". nomad.su (in Russian). 2005-10-17. Retrieved 2020-10-17.
  10. "Kazakh leader poised for re-election". www.aljazeera.com. 2005-12-02. Retrieved 2020-10-17.
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