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{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Kolar, Karnataka}}
{{cleanup-date|November 2005}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}
{{Infobox district KAR |
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}}
district_name = ?? |
{{More citations needed|date=July 2007}}
district_image = distmap.png |
{{Infobox settlement
district_image_desc = ]-level map of '''?? district''' |
| name = Kolar district
district_lat_d = ?? |
| native_name =
district_lat_m = ?? |
| native_name_lang = kn
district_long_d = ?? |
| other_name =
district_long_m = ?? |
state_name = ] | | settlement_type = ] of ]
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
division_name = ] |
|size = 250
taluk_names = ], ], ], ], ], ] |
|photo1a = Someshvara temple in Kolar (rear view).JPG
district_hq = ] |
|photo1b = Tomb of Haider Ali Father 01.JPG
leader_title = Deputy Commissioner |
|photo2a = View of open entrance mantapa in the Kolarmma Temple at Kolar.jpg
leader_name = ?? |
|photo2b = Ramalingeshwara group of temples (rear view of shrines) at Avani.JPG
district_area = ?? |
|photo3a = Kolar mine waste pano.jpg
population_as_of = ?? |
}}
district_population = ?? |
| image_alt = Ornate, tan pyramidal stone temple
district_postal = ?? |
| image_caption = ] in ], Tomb of ] father, ] at ], Mine waste in ], Kolaramma Temple at Kolar
district_telephone = + 91 (0) ?? |
| nickname =
district_vehicle = KA-?? |
| image_map = Karnataka Kolar locator map.svg
district_timezone = ] (] +5:30) |
| image_map1 =
district_website = |
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Karnataka
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = ]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Seal of Karnataka.svg|Emblem of Karnataka}}]
| subdivision_type2 = Division
| subdivision_name2 = ]
| established_title = <!-- Established -->
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = ]
| largestcity = ]
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title = District Commissioner
| leader_name = Akram Pasha<br>{{small|(])}}
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <sup>'''†'''</sup>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 4,012
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1,536,401
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = 384
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <sup>'''†'''</sup>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = ]
| timezone1 = ]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = <!-- ] -->
| postal_code =
| iso_code = ]
| registration_plate = KA-07, KA-08
| blank1_name_sec1 = ]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 976 ] / 1000]
| blank2_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank2_info_sec1 = 74.33%
| blank3_name_sec1 = ] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = ]
| blank1_name_sec2 = ]
| blank1_info_sec2 = {{convert|724|mm|in}}
| website = {{URL|kolar.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
}} }}


'''Kolar district''' ({{audio|Kolar.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a district in the state of ], ].
]


'''Kolar ಕೋಲಾರ ''' {{audio|Kolar.ogg|pronunciation}} is a district in ] state of ]. ] town is the district headquarters. Among other things, this district is famous for the large quantities of ] that are available for extraction in the ]. Kolar is popularly known as the golden land of India, for it is at the famous Kolar Gold Fields of this district that gold mining was first undertaken during modern times. ] (ಕೋಲಾರ) is the district headquarters. Located in southern Karnataka, it is the state's easternmost district. The district is surrounded by the ] on the west, ] on the north, the ] and ] of ] on the east and the ] of ] on the south.


On 10 September 2007, it was bifurcated to form the new district of Chikballapur.<ref name="HanBokKar">{{cite web|title=A Handbook of Karnataka - Administration |url=http://www.karunadu.gov.in/gazetteer/HandbookKarnataka2010/Chapter%20IX%20Administration.pdf |publisher=Government of Karnataka |access-date=16 November 2010 |pages=354, 355 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008073453/http://www.karunadu.gov.in/gazetteer/HandbookKarnataka2010/Chapter%20IX%20Administration.pdf |archive-date= 8 October 2011 }}</ref> Due to the discovery of the ], the district has become known as the "Golden Land" of India.
== Geography ==
'''Kolar District''' is situated in the state of ], ] and belongs to its semi-arid drought-prone region. It lies between 77° 21' to 78° 35' east longitude and 120 46' to 130 58' north latitude, extending over an area of 8,225 km². Kolar district is located in the southern region of the State and happens to be the eastern-most district of the ] State. The district is bounded by the districts of ] and ] on the west and on all other sides by the districts of the adjoining States of ] and ]. On the north, it is bounded by ] district; on the east by ] district of ] and on the south by the districts of ] and ] of ].


People are citing that still ] is present in ] mines abundantly and also exists in ], Kolar, ], ], ] taluks of ]. However it must have to be confirmed by the state and as well central government authorities.
== Old city ==
]


==History==
The old city of Kolar mainly consisted of the four areas of ], Gowripet,Aralepet and ]. Kote or the fort area once encompassed the temples of ], ] and was bordered by the ]. Now the fort is all but gone, disappeared into new residential areas, the collapse of old town was hastened by the ] ] ] who constructed a ] and school next to the temples.
] Ramalingeshvara group of temples in ]|left]]
Kolar, formerly known as Kolahala, Kuvalala and Kolala, was called Kolahalapura during the Middle Ages. In ], ''kolahalapura'' means "violent city" and it was the battlefield for the warring ] in the north and the ] in the south. In 1004 AD, the Cholas annexed Kolar until 1116. ] (1108-1142) freed Gangavadi from the Cholas and, to commemorate his victory, built the ] at ].


] and ] are notable temples in Kolar. The Kolaramma temple, built in Dravida ] style during the second century, is dedicated to ]. It underwent renovations under ] in the 10th century and the ] in the 15th century.<ref>{{cite news|title=A green view |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2006/03/11/stories/2006031101910100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823030956/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2006/03/11/stories/2006031101910100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 August 2006|access-date=23 December 2010|date=11 March 2006|newspaper=] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Temples of Karnataka - Kolar|url=http://www.templenet.com/Karnataka/kolar.html|publisher=templenet.com|access-date=23 December 2010}}</ref> Someswara Temple is an example of 14th-century ] art.
== History ==
Formerly, Kolar was known variously as Kolahala, Kuvalala and Kolala.
Kolar was called ''Kolahalapura'' during the middle ages, but later came to be known as Kolar. Kolahahapura in ] meant "violent city", as it was the battlefield for the warring kingdoms of ] in the north and Cholas to the south.
It was the capital of the ] till 4th century AD when they shifted the capital to ] in ]. In 1004 A.D., the Cholas annexed Kolar till 1116 A.D,. Vishnuvardhana (1108-1142AD) freed Gangavadi from the Cholas, and in commemoration of his victory, built the celebrated Vijayanarayana (Chennakeshva) Temple at Belur.


Kolar's early history was compiled by ], superintendent of the Wesleyan Tamil mission in ] and the Kolar Gold Fields, and his studies have been published in a number of journals.<ref name=Mythic>{{cite journal|title=Nandiroog|journal=The Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society|date=1918|volume=9|page=298}}</ref><ref name=Mystic-Nandi>{{cite journal|last1=Goodwill|first1=Fred|title=Nandidroog|journal=The Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society|date=1918|volume=9–10|page=300|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mlk4AQAAMAAJ&q=f+goodwill+tamil+bangalore|access-date=27 August 2014}}</ref><ref name="Mining Journal">{{cite journal|last1=Goodwill|first1=Fred|title=The Religious and Military Story of Nudydurga|journal=KGF Mining and Metallurgical Society|date=1921|issue=5|ref=Mining Journal}}</ref> Older than Bangalore, Kolar dates back to the second century. The ] made Kolar their capital, ruling ], ], and ]. During the 13th century Bhavanandi composed '']'', his treatise on Tamil grammar.
The major and important temples in the town are Kolaramma Temple and Someswara Temple. Someswara Temple is a fine example of Vijayanagara style while the Kolaramma temple is of Dravida Vimana Style built in Ganga Tradition(11 century-A.D).


Under the ], King Sridhar kora (ruled 970–985) reportedly built the temple for Renuka and founded the city of Kolaahalapuram. ], ] and ] built stone structures with inscriptions at ], ], Sitti Bettta and elsewhere. Chola inscriptions, which document the rule of ] (871-907), ] and Rajendra Chola I of Kolar, refer to Kolar as Nikarili Cholamandalam and Jayam Konda Chola Manadalam. Inscriptions from Rajendra Chola I also appear on the ] Temple. Many Siva temples were built in Kolar during the reign of the Cholas, including the Someshwarar and Sri Uddhandeshwari Temples at Maarikuppam Village, the Eswaran Temple at Oorugaumpet and the Sivan Temple at Madivala Village. Chola rule of Kolar lasted until 1116. The inscriptions are neglected, and some have been vandalised.
== People and culture ==
As a district headquarters, Kolar has room for many communities and represents a mini-India. The primary languages spoken here is ].
Kolar Gold Fields(KGF) is a town in Kolar district which was once the primary gold mines in the country. Set up by the British, this town which is close to the border of Andhra Pradesh has a Tamil and ] Population. ] were employed by the British and brought to KGF to work in the mines.


In 1117 Kolar became part of the ]; in 1254 it was bestowed to Ramanatha, one of King ] two sons. The Hoysala were defeated by the ], which ruled Kolar from 1336 to 1664. During this period, the ] at Kolar was built.
== Festivals ==
* ]
* ]
* Dyavara


For 50 years in the 17th century Kolar was under ] rule as part of the ] of ], followed by 70 years of Muslim rule. In 1720 it became part of the ], with ] (the father of ]) the province's ]. Kolar was then ruled by the ], the Nawab of ], the ] and Hyder Ali. It was under ] from 1768 to 1770 before a brief Maratha rule followed by Hyder Ali. In 1791 ] conquered Kolar and returned it to the ] in the ].
== Facts ==
The district, with an area of 8223 km², has its greatest length of about 135 km from north to south with almost the same distance from east to west. The district occupies the table land of Mysore, bordering the eastern ghats. The general plateau surface is interrupted by a number of hills and peaks of varying heights, particularly in the north. The principal chain of mountains is the Nandidurga range which runs north from Nandi towards ] and Dharmavaram of Andhra Pradesh. The rivers of the district, are small and seasonal. ], Uttara Pinakini and Dakshina Pinakini are the important rivers which originate in the elevated regions in the district.


In the Kolar region, inscriptions document the reigns of the Mahavalis (Baanaas), the ] and the Vaidumbaas.<ref name=Mythic /><ref name=Mystic-Nandi /><ref name="Mining Journal" /><ref name=KGF>{{cite book|last1=Srikumar|first1=S|title=Kolar Gold Field: (Unfolding the Untold)|date=2014|publisher=Partridge India |isbn=9781482815078|pages=40–46|edition=International|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QrWEAwAAQBAJ&q=f+goodwill+tamil+bangalore&pg=PA40|access-date=27 August 2014}}{{Self-published source|date=September 2014}}</ref><ref name="Gayatri">{{cite book|last1=Chandrashekar|first1=Gayatri|title=Grit and Gold|date=2015|publisher=Partridge Publishing|isbn=9781482855845|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZV50CgAAQBAJ&q=Rev+Goodwill+Tamil&pg=PT22|access-date=11 July 2016|language=en}}</ref> ] recorded 1,347 inscriptions in the Kolar District, in the 10th volume of his '']'', of the inscriptions, 422 are in ], 211 in ]. But the oldest are in ]. This was the original language. Tamil came in with the Cholas in the 11th century, and Telugu with Vijayanagar kings after the 15th. The period covered by the inscriptions is from 4th to the 18th century.<ref name=RiceX>{{cite book|last1=Rice|first1=Benjamin Lewis|title=Epigraphia Carnatica: Volume X: Inscriptions in the Kolar District|date=1994|publisher=Department of Archeology, Mysore State|location=Mangalore, British India|url=https://archive.org/stream/epigraphiacarnat10myso#page/n7/mode/2up|access-date=4 August 2015|page=20}}</ref>
== Statistics ==
The district, at present comprises of 11 talukas. It has 15 towns and 3,321 villages (2889 inhabited villages and 432 uninhabited villages). Total population of the district according to 2001 census was 2,536,069 of which 24.67% were urban.
*Area (km²) - 8,223
*Density (per km²) - 269
*Sex ratio (females/1,000 males) - 966
*Literacy rate (%) - 68.35


==List of tourist attractions in Kolar district ==
== Places of interest ==
List of tourist attractions in Kolar district important temple and tourist attractions details are provided here
Kolar has many historic places like

*]
=={{anchor|Kolar|Engineering and medical institutions|Horticultural Sciences|Bangarpet|Malur|Mulbagal|District administration|Srinivaspura}}Taluks==
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*] Temple
*] Temple
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*] *]
*]
*]
*]
*]

==Demographics==
{{Historical population
| source = District website<ref name=glance>{{cite web |title=Kolar district at a glance |url=http://kolar.nic.in/kolar_statistics.pdf |access-date=22 December 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110312084801/http://kolar.nic.in/kolar_statistics.pdf |archive-date=12 March 2011}}</ref>
| align = center
| percentages = pagr
| 1901 | 392651
| 1911 | 429193
| 1921 | 436066
| 1931 | 469811
| 1941 | 555545
| 1951 | 650807
| 1961 | 721822
| 1971 | 826563
| 1981 | 1044394
| 1991 | 1211858
| 2001 | 1387062
| 2011 | 1536401
}}

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Kolar district (2011)<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Karnataka |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11378/download/14491/DDW29C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|]|darkorange|84.97}}
{{bar percent|]|green|13.01}}
{{bar percent|]|dodgerblue|1.74}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.28}}
}}

In the ], the district had a ] of 1,536,401<ref name=districtcensus>{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=District Census Handbook: Kolar |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/620/download/2128/DH_2011_2927_PART_A_DCHB_KOLAR.pdf |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=]}}</ref>—roughly equal to that of ]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 13 June 2007 | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote =Gabon 1,576,665}}</ref> or ].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|title=2010 Resident Population Data
|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau
|access-date=2011-09-30
|quote=Hawaii 1,360,301
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809223036/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|archive-date=9 August 2011
}}</ref> It ranked 324th of India's 640 ]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert|384|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}},<ref name=districtcensus/> with a ] of 11.04 percent from 2001 to 2011.<ref name=districtcensus/> Kolar's ] is 976 ] per 1,000 males.<ref name=districtcensus/> Its ] is 74.33 percent. 31.25% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 30.32% and 5.13% of the population respectively.<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has 15 towns and a total of 3,321 villages (2,889 inhabited villages and 432 uninhabited).

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Kolar district (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = ] |value1 = 51.51 |color1 = darkslateblue
|label2 = ] |value2 = 22.67 |color2 = steelblue
|label3 = ] |value3 = 12.88 |color3 = green
|label4 = ] |value4 = 10.99 |color4 = royalblue
|label5 = Others |value5 = 1.95 |color5 = grey
|thumb=left
}}

At the time of the 2011 census, 51.51% of the population spoke ], 22.67% ], 12.88% ] and 10.99% ] as their first language.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Karnataka |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10208/download/13320/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2900.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=]}}</ref>

=={{anchor|Festivals|Malur Karaga}}Culture==
The district's primary language is ]; Urdu, Tamil and Telugu are spoken by large minorities. Kolar Gold Fields (KGF) has an ] population. Festivals include the 13-day summer ], celebrated in Kolar District, Kolar being one of the oldest Karaga traditions then followed in different regions of the district and usually beginning the first Friday after ]; the water festival ] (]), and Dyavara.


== Famous people from Kolar == ==Notable people==
* ] - noted writer in Kannada
*Sir ]-The architect of modern Karnataka and of the world famous ]
* ] - Bharat Ratna and First Engineer of India
*]-first Chief Minister of ]
* ] - Kannada poet
*]-Member of Parliament and Chairman of Sri Devaraj Urs medical College.
* ] - first Chief Minister of Karnataka
*]-Famous Bodybuilder
* ] - Kannada writer and ] recipient
*]-Father of ].
* ] - Former ] of state for ]; represented Kolar in the ] for six terms
*]-Film actress
* ] - Chairman and Chief Mentor of Infosys Technologies Limited
*]-IOC official.
* ] - South Indian film actress
*Dr M.Nagappa - popular physician.
*] - Kannada Poet * ] - author and crossword
* ] - the founder of the style of yoga as exercise known as "Iyengar Yoga" and was considered one of the foremost yoga teachers in the world.
*] - Kannada writer, and a ] awardee.
* ] - popular singer and theatre personality


=={{anchor|Upcoming institutions}}Media==
== Economy ==
* ''Kolara Patrike'' - first Kannada daily newspaper
The major sources of employment are ], ] and ], hence it is popularly known as the land of "], ] and ]".
* ''Kolaravani'' - Kannada daily newspaper<ref></ref>
Farmers in Kolar are totally dependent upon borewell water for ] and ].
* ''Kannada Thilaka'' – Kannada daily newspaper<ref></ref>
The gold mines in ] was closed in the ]s due to reducing deposits and increasing costs.


==See also==
== Educational institutions ==
* ]
* ],Kolar
* ]
* Smt.Danamma Chanabasaviah PU and degree college, KOLAR
* Mahila samaja school, KOLAR
* ],KGF
* ],KGF
* ], Beml Nagar
* ]
* ],KGF


==References==
== Local newspapers ==
{{Reflist}}
* ] First Kannada Daily and most popular of Kolar District
* ] Popular & Largest Circulated Daily Of Kolar District
* ] First local daily published with every day Editorial-Founder editor: ].
*Kolara Varthe
*]


==External links== ==External links==
{{Commons category|Kolar district}}
*
* * {{Official website|http://kolar.nic.in/}}
*
*
*


{{Karnataka}} {{Karnataka topics}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Kolar District}}
]
] ]


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]
] ]
]
]

Latest revision as of 18:09, 30 December 2024

This article is about the district. For its eponymous headquarters, see Kolar, Karnataka.

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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District of Karnataka in India
Kolar district
District of Karnataka
Someshwara Temple in Kolar, Tomb of Hyder Ali father, Ramalingeshwara Temple at Avani, Mine waste in Kolar Gold Fields, Kolaramma Temple at Kolar
Location in KarnatakaLocation in Karnataka
Country India
StateKarnataka
DivisionBengaluru
HeadquartersKolar
Government
 • District CommissionerAkram Pasha
(IAS)
Area
 • Total4,012 km (1,549 sq mi)
Population
 • Total1,536,401
 • Density384/km (990/sq mi)
Languages
 • OfficialKannada
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
ISO 3166 codeIN-KA-KL
Vehicle registrationKA-07, KA-08
Sex ratio976 ♀ / 1000♂
Literacy74.33%
Lok Sabha constituencyKolar Lok Sabha constituency
Precipitation724 millimetres (28.5 in)
Websitekolar.nic.in

Kolar district (pronunciation) is a district in the state of Karnataka, India.

Kolar (ಕೋಲಾರ) is the district headquarters. Located in southern Karnataka, it is the state's easternmost district. The district is surrounded by the Bangalore Rural district on the west, Chikballapur district on the north, the Chittoor district and Annamayya district of Andhra Pradesh on the east and the Krishnagiri district of Tamil Nadu on the south.

On 10 September 2007, it was bifurcated to form the new district of Chikballapur. Due to the discovery of the Kolar Gold Fields, the district has become known as the "Golden Land" of India.

People are citing that still gold is present in Kolar Gold Fields mines abundantly and also exists in Mulbagal, Kolar, Bangarapet, Malur, Srinivasapura taluks of Kolar District. However it must have to be confirmed by the state and as well central government authorities.

History

Three pyramidal temples
Tenth-century Nolamba dynasty Ramalingeshvara group of temples in Avani

Kolar, formerly known as Kolahala, Kuvalala and Kolala, was called Kolahalapura during the Middle Ages. In Kannada, kolahalapura means "violent city" and it was the battlefield for the warring Chalukyas in the north and the Cholas in the south. In 1004 AD, the Cholas annexed Kolar until 1116. Vishnuvardhana (1108-1142) freed Gangavadi from the Cholas and, to commemorate his victory, built the Chennakesava Temple at Belur.

Kolaramma and Someshwara are notable temples in Kolar. The Kolaramma temple, built in Dravida Vimana style during the second century, is dedicated to Shakti. It underwent renovations under Rajendra Chola I in the 10th century and the Vijayanagara kings in the 15th century. Someswara Temple is an example of 14th-century Vijayanagara art.

Kolar's early history was compiled by Fred Goodwill, superintendent of the Wesleyan Tamil mission in Bangalore and the Kolar Gold Fields, and his studies have been published in a number of journals. Older than Bangalore, Kolar dates back to the second century. The Western Gangas made Kolar their capital, ruling Mysore, Coimbatore, and Salem. During the 13th century Bhavanandi composed Nannool, his treatise on Tamil grammar.

Under the Cholas, King Sridhar kora (ruled 970–985) reportedly built the temple for Renuka and founded the city of Kolaahalapuram. Veera Chola, Vikrama Chola and Rajendra Chola I built stone structures with inscriptions at Avani, Mulbagal, Sitti Bettta and elsewhere. Chola inscriptions, which document the rule of Adithya Chola I (871-907), Raja Raja Chola I and Rajendra Chola I of Kolar, refer to Kolar as Nikarili Cholamandalam and Jayam Konda Chola Manadalam. Inscriptions from Rajendra Chola I also appear on the Kolaramma Temple. Many Siva temples were built in Kolar during the reign of the Cholas, including the Someshwarar and Sri Uddhandeshwari Temples at Maarikuppam Village, the Eswaran Temple at Oorugaumpet and the Sivan Temple at Madivala Village. Chola rule of Kolar lasted until 1116. The inscriptions are neglected, and some have been vandalised.

In 1117 Kolar became part of the Hoysala Empire; in 1254 it was bestowed to Ramanatha, one of King Someshwara's two sons. The Hoysala were defeated by the Vijayanagara Empire, which ruled Kolar from 1336 to 1664. During this period, the Sri Someshwara Temple at Kolar was built.

For 50 years in the 17th century Kolar was under Maratha rule as part of the Jagir of Shahaji, followed by 70 years of Muslim rule. In 1720 it became part of the Province of Sira, with Fateh Mohammed (the father of Hyder Ali) the province's Faujdar. Kolar was then ruled by the Marathas, the Nawab of Cuddapah, the Nizam of Hyderabad and Hyder Ali. It was under British rule from 1768 to 1770 before a brief Maratha rule followed by Hyder Ali. In 1791 Lord Cornwallis conquered Kolar and returned it to the Kingdom of Mysore in the peace treaty of 1792.

In the Kolar region, inscriptions document the reigns of the Mahavalis (Baanaas), the Pallavas and the Vaidumbaas. Benjamin Lewis Rice recorded 1,347 inscriptions in the Kolar District, in the 10th volume of his Epigraphia Carnatica, of the inscriptions, 422 are in Tamil, 211 in Telugu. But the oldest are in Kannada. This was the original language. Tamil came in with the Cholas in the 11th century, and Telugu with Vijayanagar kings after the 15th. The period covered by the inscriptions is from 4th to the 18th century.

List of tourist attractions in Kolar district

List of tourist attractions in Kolar district important temple and tourist attractions details are provided here

Taluks

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901 392,651—    
1911 429,193+0.89%
1921 436,066+0.16%
1931 469,811+0.75%
1941 555,545+1.69%
1951 650,807+1.60%
1961 721,822+1.04%
1971 826,563+1.36%
1981 1,044,394+2.37%
1991 1,211,858+1.50%
2001 1,387,062+1.36%
2011 1,536,401+1.03%
Source: District website
Religions in Kolar district (2011)
Religion Percent
Hinduism   84.97%
Islam   13.01%
Christianity   1.74%
Other or not stated   0.28%

In the 2011 census, the district had a population of 1,536,401—roughly equal to that of Gabon or Hawaii. It ranked 324th of India's 640 districts). The district has a population density of 384 inhabitants per square kilometre (990/sq mi), with a growth rate of 11.04 percent from 2001 to 2011. Kolar's sex ratio is 976 females per 1,000 males. Its literacy rate is 74.33 percent. 31.25% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 30.32% and 5.13% of the population respectively. The district has 15 towns and a total of 3,321 villages (2,889 inhabited villages and 432 uninhabited).

Languages of Kolar district (2011)

  Kannada (51.51%)  Telugu (22.67%)  Urdu (12.88%)  Tamil (10.99%)  Others (1.95%)

At the time of the 2011 census, 51.51% of the population spoke Kannada, 22.67% Telugu, 12.88% Urdu and 10.99% Tamil as their first language.

Culture

The district's primary language is Kannada; Urdu, Tamil and Telugu are spoken by large minorities. Kolar Gold Fields (KGF) has an Anglo-Indian population. Festivals include the 13-day summer Karaga, celebrated in Kolar District, Kolar being one of the oldest Karaga traditions then followed in different regions of the district and usually beginning the first Friday after Ugadi; the water festival Theppothsava (Kolar Theppothsava), and Dyavara.

Notable people

Media

  • Kolara Patrike - first Kannada daily newspaper
  • Kolaravani - Kannada daily newspaper
  • Kannada Thilaka – Kannada daily newspaper

See also

References

  1. "A Handbook of Karnataka - Administration" (PDF). Government of Karnataka. pp. 354, 355. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 October 2011. Retrieved 16 November 2010.
  2. "A green view". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 11 March 2006. Archived from the original on 23 August 2006. Retrieved 23 December 2010.
  3. "Temples of Karnataka - Kolar". templenet.com. Retrieved 23 December 2010.
  4. ^ "Nandiroog". The Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society. 9: 298. 1918.
  5. ^ Goodwill, Fred (1918). "Nandidroog". The Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society. 9–10: 300. Retrieved 27 August 2014.
  6. ^ Goodwill, Fred (1921). "The Religious and Military Story of Nudydurga". KGF Mining and Metallurgical Society (5).
  7. Srikumar, S (2014). Kolar Gold Field: (Unfolding the Untold) (International ed.). Partridge India. pp. 40–46. ISBN 9781482815078. Retrieved 27 August 2014.
  8. Chandrashekar, Gayatri (2015). Grit and Gold. Partridge Publishing. ISBN 9781482855845. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
  9. Rice, Benjamin Lewis (1994). Epigraphia Carnatica: Volume X: Inscriptions in the Kolar District. Mangalore, British India: Department of Archeology, Mysore State. p. 20. Retrieved 4 August 2015.
  10. "Kolar district at a glance" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 March 2011. Retrieved 22 December 2010.
  11. "Table C-01 Population by Religion: Karnataka". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
  12. ^ "District Census Handbook: Kolar" (PDF). censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
  13. US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 1 October 2011. Gabon 1,576,665
  14. "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 9 August 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2011. Hawaii 1,360,301
  15. ^ "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Karnataka". www.censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  16. Kolaravani
  17. Kannada Thilaka

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