Misplaced Pages

Latest revision as of 03:13, 4 January 2025

Pennsylvania Station New York, NY
Amtrak, Long Island Rail Road and NJ Transit terminal
Moynihan Train Hall (top) and the station's main concourse (below)
General information
Location	Bounded by 7th & 9th Avenues and 31st & 33rd Streets (under Madison Square Garden and in James A. Farley Building) Midtown Manhattan, New York City United States
Owned by	Amtrak
Line(s)	Northeast Corridor Empire Corridor (West Side Line)
Platforms	11 island platforms
Tracks	21
Connections	New York City Subway: ​​ at 34th Street–Penn Station ​​ at 34th Street–Penn Station PATH: JSQ–33, HOB–33, JSQ–33 (via HOB) (at 33rd Street) NYCT Bus: M7, M20, M34 SBS, M34A SBS, SIM23, SIM24, Q32 Flixbus: Eastern Shuttle Tripper Bus Vamoose Bus
Construction
Accessible	Yes
Other information
Station code	Amtrak: NYP
IATA code	ZYP
Fare zone	Zone 1 (LIRR) Zone 1 (NJ Transit)
History
Opened	1910; 115 years ago (1910)
Rebuilt	1963–1968; 57 years ago (1968)
Passengers
2017	27,296,100 annually (NJT)
FY 2023	10,249,669 annually (Amtrak)
2017	69,722,560 annually; based on average arrivals and departures (LIRR)
Services Preceding station Amtrak Following station Newark Penntoward Washington, D.C. Acela Stamfordtoward Boston South Vermonter Stamfordtoward St. Albans Newark Penntoward Norfolk, Newport News or Roanoke Northeast Regional New Rochelletoward Boston South or Springfield Yonkerstoward Montreal Adirondack Terminus Yonkerstoward Pittsfield Berkshire Flyer(seasonal) Newark Penntoward Chicago Cardinal Newark Penntoward Charlotte Carolinian Newark Penntoward New Orleans Crescent Yonkerstoward Niagara Falls, New York Empire Service Yonkerstoward Burlington Ethan Allen Express Newark Penntoward Harrisburg Keystone Service Croton–Harmontoward Chicago Lake Shore Limited Yonkerstoward Toronto Maple Leaf Newark Penntoward Savannah Palmetto Newark Penntoward Pittsburgh Pennsylvanian Newark Penntoward Miami Silver Meteor Preceding station Long Island Rail Road Following station Terminus Port Washington Branch Woodsidetoward Port Washington Hempstead Branch Woodsidetoward Hempstead Port Jefferson Branch Woodsidetoward Huntington or Port Jefferson Oyster Bay Branchlimited service Jamaicatoward Oyster Bay Ronkonkoma Branch Woodsidetoward Ronkonkoma Montauk Branch Jamaicatoward Montauk Cannonballsummers only Westhamptontoward Montauk Far Rockaway Branch Woodsidetoward Far Rockaway Babylon Branch Woodsidetoward Babylon West Hempstead Branch Woodsidetoward West Hempstead Long Beach Branch Woodsidetoward Long Beach Belmont Park Branchspecial events Woodsidetoward Belmont Park Preceding station NJ Transit Following station Secaucus Junctiontoward Trenton Northeast Corridor Line Terminus Secaucus Junctiontoward Bay Head North Jersey Coast Line Secaucus Junctiontoward Hackettstown Montclair-Boonton Line Morristown Line Secaucus Junctiontoward High Bridge Raritan Valley Line Secaucus Junctiontoward Gladstone Gladstone Branch
Former services Preceding station Amtrak Following station Terminus Cape Codder1986–1996 Stamfordtoward Hyannis Newark Penntoward Tri-State Hilltopper1978–1979 Stamfordtoward Boston South Newark Penntoward Washington, D.C. Metroliner1971–2006 Terminus Montrealer1972–1995 Ryetoward Montreal Newark Penntoward Kansas City National Limited1971–1979 Terminus Newark Penntoward Chicago Broadway Limited1971–1995 Three Rivers1995–2005 Newark Penntoward Miami Silver Star1971–2024 Preceding station NJ Transit Following station Newark Penntoward Atlantic City ACES2009–2011 Terminus
Future services Preceding station Amtrak Following station Newark Penntoward Norfolk, Newport News or Roanoke Northeast Regional Jamaicatoward Ronkonkoma Preceding station Metro-North Railroad Following station Terminus New Haven Line Hunts Pointtoward Stamford Secaucus Junctiontoward Port Jervis Port Jervis Line Terminus Preceding station NJ Transit Following station Secaucus Junctiontoward Spring Valley Pascack Valley Line Terminus Secaucus Junctiontoward Suffern Main Line Bergen County Line
Interactive map
Coordinates	40°45′2″N 73°59′38″W / 40.75056°N 73.99389°W / 40.75056; -73.99389

Pennsylvania Station (also known as New York Penn Station or simply Penn Station) is the main intercity railroad station in New York City and the busiest transportation facility in the Western Hemisphere, serving more than 600,000 passengers per weekday as of 2019. The station is located beneath Madison Square Garden in the block bounded by Seventh and Eighth Avenues and 31st and 33rd Streets and in the James A. Farley Building, with additional exits to nearby streets, in Midtown Manhattan. It is close to several popular Manhattan locations, including Herald Square, the Empire State Building, Koreatown, and Macy's Herald Square.

Penn Station has 21 tracks fed by seven tunnels, including its two North River Tunnels, four East River Tunnels, and one Empire Connection tunnel. It is at the center of the Northeast Corridor, a passenger rail line that connects New York City with Boston to its north and Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington, D.C. to its south, along with various intermediate stations. Intercity trains are operated by Amtrak, which owns the station, while commuter rail services are operated by the Long Island Rail Road (LIRR) and NJ Transit (NJT). Connections are available within the complex to the New York City Subway and buses.

Penn Station is named for the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR), its builder and original owner, and shares its name with several stations in other cities. The original Pennsylvania Station was an ornate station building designed by McKim, Mead, and White and considered a masterpiece of the Beaux-Arts style. Completed in 1910, it enabled direct rail access to New York City from the south for the first time. Its head house and train shed were torn down in 1963 at a time of low train ridership, with the rail infrastructure reconstituted as the smaller underground station that survives today. The New York Times editorial board described the demolition of the original station as a "monumental act of vandalism", and its destruction galvanized the modern historic preservation movement.

The 2020s saw the opening of Moynihan Train Hall, an expansion of Penn Station into the Farley Post Office building, as well as expansion of the LIRR concourse and a new direct entrance from 33rd Street to the LIRR concourse. Further plans call for adding railway platforms in a new southern annex to connect to two new Gateway Program tunnels under the Hudson River, adding underground connections to the Herald Square station and with the PATH to the 33rd Street station, and renovating the core Penn Station under Madison Square Garden.

History

Planning and construction

Until the early 20th century, the PRR's rail network terminated on the western side of the Hudson River (once known locally as the North River) at Exchange Place in Jersey City, New Jersey. Manhattan-bound passengers boarded ferries to cross the Hudson River for the final stretch of their journey.

The rival New York Central Railroad's line ran down Manhattan from the north under Park Avenue and terminated at Grand Central Depot (later replaced by Grand Central Terminal) at 42nd Street. Many proposals for a cross-Hudson connection were advanced in the late 19th century, but financial panics in the 1870s and 1890s scared off potential investors. In any event, none of the proposals advanced during this time were considered feasible.

An early proposal for a bridge was considered but rejected. The alternative was to tunnel under the river, but this was infeasible for steam locomotive use. The development of the electric locomotive at the turn of the 20th century made a tunnel feasible. In 1901, PRR president Alexander Cassatt announced the railroad's plan to enter New York City by tunneling under the Hudson and building a grand station on the West Side of Manhattan south of 34th Street. The station would sit in Manhattan's Tenderloin district, a historical red-light district known for its corruption and prostitution.

Beginning in June 1903, the two single-track North River Tunnels were bored from the west under the Hudson River. A second set of four single-track tunnels, the East River Tunnels, were bored from the east under the East River, linking the new station to Queens, the PRR-owned Long Island Rail Road, and Sunnyside Yard in Queens, where trains would be maintained and assembled. Construction was completed on the Hudson River tunnels on October 9, 1906, and on the East River tunnels on March 18, 1908.

Original structure

A small portion of Penn Station opened on September 8, 1910, in conjunction with the opening of the East River Tunnels, and LIRR riders gained direct railroad service to Manhattan. On November 27, 1910, Penn Station was fully opened to the public. With the station's full opening, the PRR became the only railroad to enter New York City from the south.

During half a century of operation by the Pennsylvania Railroad (1910–1963), scores of intercity passenger trains arrived and departed daily to Chicago and St. Louis on "Pennsy" rails and beyond on connecting railroads to Miami and the west. Along with Long Island Rail Road trains, Penn Station saw trains of the New Haven and the Lehigh Valley railroads. A side effect of the tunneling project was to open the city up to the suburbs, and within 10 years of opening, two-thirds of the daily passengers coming through Penn Station were commuters.

The station put the Pennsylvania Railroad at comparative advantage to its competitors offering direct service from Manhattan to the west and south. Other railroads began their routes at terminals in Weehawken, Hoboken, Pavonia and Communipaw which required passengers from New York City to take the interstate Hudson Tubes (now PATH) or ferries across the Hudson River before boarding their trains. By 1945, at its peak, more than 100 million passengers a year traveled through Penn Station.

By the late 1950s, intercity rail passenger volumes had declined dramatically with the coming of the Jet Age and the Interstate Highway System. The station's exterior had become somewhat grimy, and due to its vast scale, the station was expensive to maintain. A renovation covered some of the grand columns with plastic and blocked off the spacious central hallway with a new ticket office. The Pennsylvania Railroad optioned the air rights, which called for the demolition of the head house and train shed, to be replaced by an office complex and a new sports complex, while the tracks of the station would remain untouched.

Plans for the new Penn Plaza and Madison Square Garden were announced in 1962. In exchange for the air rights to Penn Station, the PRR would receive a smaller underground station at no cost and a 25 percent stake in the new Madison Square Garden Complex. Modern architects rushed to save the ornate building, but to no avail; demolition of the above-ground head house began in October 1963.

A giant steel deck was placed over the tracks and platforms to allow rail service to continue during construction. Photographs of the day showed passengers waiting for trains even as the head house was demolished around them. This was possible because most of the rail infrastructure (including the waiting room, concourses, and boarding platforms) was below street level.

The demolition of the Penn Station head house was controversial and caused outrage internationally. "One entered the city like a god. One scuttles in now like a rat," the architectural historian Vincent Scully famously wrote of the original station. The controversy over the demolition of such a well-known landmark, and its deplored replacement, is often cited as a catalyst for the architectural preservation movement in the United States.

New laws were passed to restrict such demolition. Within the decade, Grand Central Terminal was protected under the city's new landmarks preservation act, a protection upheld by the courts in 1978 after a challenge by Grand Central's owner, Penn Central (the corporate successor of the PRR, following its merger with the rival New York Central Railroad).

Under Madison Square Garden

Post-1968, the core Penn Station has been underground, sitting below Madison Square Garden, 33rd Street, and Two Penn Plaza. The core has three levels: concourses on the upper two levels and train platforms on the lowest. The two levels of concourses, while renovated and expanded during the construction of Madison Square Garden, are original to the 1910 station, as are the tracks and platforms.

Over the following decades, various renovations attempted to add service and some concourse space. The West End Concourse under Eighth Avenue opened in 1986. In 1987, a rail connection to the West Side Rail Yard opened, and in 1991, the opening of the Empire Connection allowed Amtrak to consolidate all of its New York City trains at Penn Station and save $600,000 a year in fees; previously, trains from the Empire Corridor terminated at Grand Central Terminal, a legacy of the two stations' respective roots in separate railroads.

In 1994, the station was renovated to add the 34th Street LIRR entrance and central corridor, along with artwork and improved waiting and concession areas. The new entrance consisted of a 90-foot-tall (27 m) structure with a glass and brick facade, a clock salvaged from the original station, and air-conditioning units for the terminal. In 2002, the NJ Transit concourse was created in space previously occupied by retail and Amtrak office space, although the concourse could only be accessed from the Amtrak entrance on 32nd Street. Plans for a new entrance from 31st Street to the NJ Transit concourse were announced in 2006, and the entrance opened in 2009.

After the September 11 attacks, security was increased and passenger flow curtailed. In 2002, $100 million of work added security features such as lighting, cameras, and barricades. The taxiway under Madison Square Garden, which ran from 31st Street to 33rd Street at mid-block, was permanently closed off with concrete Jersey barriers. Escalators providing direct access to the lobby of Madison Square Garden were closed and later removed. The underground Gimbels Passageway connecting pedestrians to 34th Street–Herald Square has been sealed off since 1986, after decades of safety concerns and sexual assaults.

From 2019 to 2020, the ticketed waiting room on the main concourse underwent a $7.2 million renovation funded jointly by Amtrak and NJ Transit; renovations included new furniture with USB outlets, LED lighting, a new entrance on the Seventh Avenue side of the room, and a lactation suite for nursing mothers.

Despite the modest renovations, the underground Penn Station continued to be criticized as "reviled", "dysfunctional", and a low-ceilinged "catacomb" lacking charm, especially when compared to the much larger and more ornate Grand Central Terminal. The New York Times, in a November 2007 editorial supporting development of an enlarged terminal, said that "Amtrak's beleaguered customers...scurry through underground rooms bereft of light or character," and Times transit reporter Michael M. Grynbaum called Penn Station "the ugly stepchild of the city's two great rail terminals." After its nadir in the 1960s, ridership exploded in subsequent decades, a situation never contemplated by the structure's designers. By the 2010s, the station operated at almost three times its intended capacity; over 600,000 passengers used the station daily in 2019.

Expansion and renovation

In the early 1990s, U.S. Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan proposed building a new station in the James A. Farley Building, the city's former main post office across the street which was designed by the same firm as the original Penn Station; Moynihan had shined shoes in the original station as a boy. Many redevelopment or expansion concepts were proposed over the 1990s and 2000s, but none reached fruition until funding from the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act enabled the expansion of the West End Concourse of the LIRR under the Farley Building in 2016.

In 2016 New York Governor Andrew Cuomo announced plans for the renovation of Penn Station and mixed-use redevelopment of the Farley Building, including development of a new train hall, which he called the Empire Station Complex. In January 2021, the new expansion, Moynihan Train Hall, opened and was named for the man who had conceived it. The $1.6 billion, 255,000-square-foot (23,700 m) renovation retained the original, landmarked Beaux Arts Farley Building, added a central atrium with a glass roof, and provided access to Amtrak and LIRR trains. A new 33rd Street entrance to the LIRR concourse opened at the same time. The station received a place in the world selection for the 2021 Prix Versailles in the passenger stations category.

Following the opening of the 33rd Street entrance, the LIRR concourse was doubled in width from 30 to 57 feet (9.1 to 17.4 m), and the ceilings were raised to a minimum height of 18 feet (5.5 m) by removing seven "head knockers", low-hanging steel beams only 6 feet 8 inches (2.03 m) above the concourse's floor which were part of the original Penn Station; the expansion was completed in March 2023. 33rd Street between Seventh and Eighth Avenues was converted into a pedestrian plaza and permanently closed to vehicular traffic. The plaza opened in June 2024 as part of a $65 million project funded by Vornado.

Services

The station is served by 1,300 arrivals and departures per day, twice as many as there were during the 1970s. There are more than 600,000 subway, commuter rail and Amtrak passengers who use the station on an average weekday, or up to 1,000 every ninety seconds. It is the busiest passenger transportation facility in the United States and in North America.

Intercity rail

Amtrak

Amtrak owns the station and uses it for the following services:

• Acela to Boston (northern terminus) and Washington D.C. (southern terminus)
• Adirondack to Montreal
• Berkshire Flyer to Pittsfield
• Cardinal to Chicago
• Carolinian to Charlotte
• Crescent to New Orleans
• Empire Service to Albany–Rensselaer and Niagara Falls, NY
• Ethan Allen Express to Burlington
• Keystone Service to Harrisburg
• Lake Shore Limited to Chicago
• Maple Leaf to Toronto
• Pennsylvanian to Pittsburgh
• Northeast Regional to Boston or Springfield (northern termini) and Washington D.C., Roanoke, Newport News, Richmond, or Norfolk (southern termini)
• Palmetto to Savannah
• Silver Meteor to Miami
• Vermonter to Washington D.C. (southern terminus) and St. Albans (northern terminus)

All except the Acela, Northeast Regional and Vermonter originate and terminate at Penn Station. Amtrak normally uses tracks 5–12 alongside New Jersey Transit and shares tracks 13–16 with the LIRR and NJ Transit.

Commuter rail

Long Island Rail Road

The following Long Island Rail Road (LIRR) services originate and terminate at Penn Station:

• Babylon Branch to Babylon
• Belmont Park Branch seasonal service to Belmont Park
• Far Rockaway Branch to Far Rockaway
• Hempstead Branch to Hempstead
• Long Beach Branch to Long Beach
• Montauk Branch to Speonk and Montauk
• Oyster Bay Branch to Oyster Bay
• Port Jefferson Branch to Huntington and Port Jefferson
• Port Washington Branch to Port Washington
• Ronkonkoma Branch to Ronkonkoma with connecting service to Greenport
• West Hempstead Branch to West Hempstead

All branches connect at Jamaica station except the Port Washington Branch. Jamaica station also connects to Airtrain JFK for service to John F. Kennedy International Airport.

Normally, the LIRR uses tracks 17 to 21 exclusively and shares tracks 13 to 16 with Amtrak and NJT. The LIRR uses tracks 11 and 12 on rare occasions.

NJ Transit

The following NJ Transit Rail Operations (NJT) branches originate and terminate at Penn Station:

• Montclair-Boonton Line to Montclair State University station, with connecting service west to Hackettstown.
• Morris and Essex Lines, consisting of the Morristown Line to Dover via Morristown and the Gladstone Branch to Gladstone.
• Northeast Corridor Line to Trenton
• North Jersey Coast Line to Long Branch and Bay Head
• Raritan Valley Line to Raritan and High Bridge

NJT normally uses tracks 1 to 4 exclusively, as these four tracks end at bumper blocks to their east. NJT shares tracks 5 through 12 with Amtrak, and occasionally uses tracks 13 to 16, which are shared with Amtrak and the LIRR.

Rapid transit

New York City Subway

Connections are available to the following New York City Subway stations:

• From Penn Station:
  • A, ​C, and ​E trains at 34th Street–Penn Station, under Eighth Avenue
  • 1, ​2, and ​3 trains at 34th Street–Penn Station, under Seventh Avenue
• From Herald Square, one block east at Sixth Avenue:
  • B, ​D, ​F, <F>, ​M​, N, ​Q, ​R, and ​W trains at 34th Street–Herald Square station, under Broadway & Sixth Avenue

PATH

Connections are also available to the PATH system at 33rd Street station, under Sixth Avenue on Herald Square. The JSQ-33 and HOB-33 services terminate at 33rd Street on weekdays, and are combined into the JSQ-33 (via HOB) service on late nights, weekends and holidays.

Bus and coach

NYC Airporter provides bus transportation to and from John F. Kennedy International Airport and LaGuardia Airport, and is authorized by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey and the New York City Department of Transportation.

New York City Bus

The following MTA Regional Bus Operations buses stop near Penn Station:

• M7 (Lenox, Columbus, Amsterdam, Sixth and Seventh Avenues): southbound to Greenwich Village, via Seventh Avenue; or northbound to Harlem via Sixth, Amsterdam, and Lenox Avenues
• M20 (Seventh and Eighth Avenues/Varick and Hudson Streets): northbound to Lincoln Center via Eighth Avenue; or southbound to South Ferry via Seventh Avenue
• M34 Select Bus Service (34th Street Crosstown): westbound to Javits Center; or eastbound to FDR Drive
• M34A Select Bus Service (34th Street Crosstown): westbound to Port Authority Bus Terminal; or eastbound to Waterside Plaza and Kips Bay
• Q32 (Fifth and Madison Avenues): northbound only, to Jackson Heights, Queens

Intercity coaches

Intercity bus service to and from Penn Station is provided by Vamoose Bus, Tripper Bus, and Go Buses. Vamoose Bus runs buses from a stop near Penn Station to Bethesda, Maryland; Arlington, Virginia; and Lorton, Virginia. Tripper Bus runs buses from a stop near Penn Station to Bethesda, Maryland and Arlington, Virginia. Go Buses runs buses from a stop near Penn Station to Newton, Massachusetts and Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Most intercity and commuter bus services to and from midtown Manhattan use the Port Authority Bus Terminal, located approximately 0.5 miles (0.8 kilometers) to the north of Penn Station.

Proposed Metro-North service

The Metropolitan Transportation Authority plans to bring Metro-North Railroad commuter trains to Penn Station as part of its Penn Station Access project. The East Side Access project, which was completed in 2023, has freed up track and platform space at Penn Station by redirecting some LIRR trains from Penn Station to Grand Central Madison. This new capacity, as well as track connections resulting from the East Side Access project, will allow Metro-North trains on the New Haven Line to run to Penn Station via Amtrak's Hell Gate Bridge.

Four new local Metro-North stations in the Bronx are planned as part of this project, at Co-op City, Morris Park, Parkchester/VanNest, and Hunts Point. The MTA also proposes a second service from the Metro-North's Hudson Line to Penn Station using Amtrak's West Side Line in Manhattan. The Penn Station Access project would provide direct rides from Connecticut, Westchester County, the Lower Hudson Valley, and the Bronx to West Midtown; ease reverse-commuting from Manhattan and the Bronx to Westchester County, the Lower Hudson Valley, and Connecticut; and provide transportation service to areas of the Bronx without direct subway service.

Station layout

Penn Station does not have a unified design or floor plan but rather is divided into separate Amtrak, LIRR and NJ Transit concourses with each concourse maintained and styled differently by its respective operator. The Amtrak and NJ Transit concourses are located on the first level below the street level while the Long Island Rail Road concourse is two levels below street level.

The main concourse, now primarily used by NJ Transit which was principally used by Amtrak until the opening of the Moynihan Train Hall in 2021, is at the west end of the station directly beneath Madison Square Garden. It was created out of the original station's waiting rooms and main concourse, though few remnants of the original still exist in the space. It was renovated in the early 2000s in anticipation of Acela service and includes an enclosed waiting area for ticketed passengers with seats, outlets and Wi-Fi. The ticketed waiting room underwent a $7.2 million renovation from 2019 to 2020 that was funded jointly between Amtrak and NJ Transit. The renovation included new furniture and fixtures that feature seats with electrical and USB outlets, an upgraded ceiling with new LED lighting, a new information desk, a second entrance in close proximity to the NJ Transit concourse that provides improved access towards the Seventh Avenue side of the Station, two new Passenger Information Display Systems boards that display NJ Transit departure information and a lactation suite for nursing mothers.

The LIRR's connecting concourse runs below West 33rd Street between Seventh and Eighth Avenues, as it has since the original station opened in 1910. Significant renovations were made to the LIRR areas over a three-year period ending in 1994, including the opening of the Central Corridor passageway and the addition of a new entry pavilion on 34th Street. The 34th Street entry pavilion measures 40 by 50 feet (12 by 15 m) across by 92 feet (28 m) tall and has a glass tower and two air-cooling shafts. The West End Concourse, west of Eighth Avenue, opened in 1986, and was widened and lengthened to cover tracks 5 through 21 in 2017.

The NJ Transit concourse near Seventh Avenue opened in 2002 out of existing retail and Amtrak office space. A new street-level entrance to this concourse at the corner of 31st Street and Seventh Avenue opened in September 2009. Previously, NJ Transit used space in the Amtrak concourse.

In December 2017, Amtrak and Zyter released a mobile app called FindYourWay to help commuters navigate around Penn Station, though Zyter also plans to roll out the app at other large Amtrak stations. The station's three providers use different official addresses for the station.

• Amtrak: 351 West 31st Street
• LIRR: 34th Street at 7th and 8th Avenues
• NJ Transit: 31st Street and 7th Avenue

• LIRR concourse in 2015
• Amtrak concourse
• East End Gateway at 7th Avenue
• 8th Avenue entrance
• Entrance in the Farley Post Office Building

Tracks and surrounding infrastructure

v t e Penn Station track layout
Legend
North River Tunnels to Secaucus to West Side Yard Empire Connection to Yonkers LD1LD3 1A3A5A2X4X6XLD2LD4 1E3E5E2A21X3X5X 2E4E1C4C6C8C10C 2C5C7C9C Mail platform 1D4D6D 7E3D5D A Interlocking F MIG U KN Interlocking Moynihan Train Hall 1234567891011 (Platform numbers) 135791113151720 (Track numbers) 246810121416181921 (Track numbers) C Interlocking JO Interlocking 1234 East River Tunnels
Legend
Passenger service tracks Yard/storage tracks Note: Interlocking towers A, KN, C, and JO have been deactivated.
Source:

Tracks 1–4 end at bumper blocks at the eastern end of the platform and have no access to the East River Tunnels and Amtrak's Sunnyside Yard in Queens, so they are used only by NJ Transit. In normal operations, Amtrak and NJ Transit share tracks 5–12, all three railroads share tracks 13–16, and the LIRR has the exclusive use of tracks 17–21 on the north side of the station.

From the east, the East River Tunnels' lines 1 and 2 (the more southerly tubes) can only access tracks 5–17 and are used by most Amtrak and NJ Transit trains, while the East River Tunnels' lines 3 and 4 (the more northerly tubes) can only access tracks 14–21 and are mostly used by LIRR. From the west, the North River Tunnels can access tracks 1–19, while the Empire Connection can only access tracks 1–9 and the LIRR's West Side Yard can only access tracks 10–21.

All station tracks are powered by 12 kV overhead wire. Tracks 5–21 also have 750 V DC third rail. Due to the lack of proper ventilation in the tunnels and station, only electric locomotives and dual-mode locomotives are scheduled to enter Penn Station. Diesel-only NJT trains terminate at Hoboken Terminal or Newark Penn Station, and diesel-only LIRR trains terminate at or prior to Long Island City.

Trains on track 18 open their doors only on the north side (platform 10).

2017–2018 service disruptions and track improvements

Since the early 2010s, Amtrak had planned to fix the deteriorating rails and infrastructure around Penn Station, but due to the prioritization of other projects, applied only minimal fixes. In early 2017, this culminated in numerous power outages, derailments, and delays due to track maintenance delays. There were frequent service disruptions to train schedules caused by the deterioration of its tracks and their supporting infrastructure, as well as in those of the East River and North River tunnels that respectively connect the station to Long Island and New Jersey.

A string of early 2017 service disruptions started on March 23, 2017, when an Acela train derailed, causing delays for the day. On April 3, a NJ Transit train derailed at a known problem site, where repairs had been deferred. This caused four days of reduced service along the Northeast Corridor for both Amtrak and NJ Transit, because the incident damaged the switch that connects Tracks 1–8 to the North River tunnels. This closure caused a cascading failure, delaying Amtrak and Long Island Rail Road trains on the unaffected tracks.

On April 14, a New Jersey Transit train became stuck in the North River tunnels, causing the station to grow crowded with waiting passengers. After an Amtrak police officer used a Taser on a man who was acting disruptively, rumors of gunshots sparked a stampede that injured 16 people. Following the stampede, U.S. Senator Chuck Schumer called on Amtrak to centralize law enforcement response.

As a result of these incidents, the Long Island Rail Road had proposed taking over Penn Station from Amtrak to improve maintenance, and New Jersey has suggested withholding state payments to Amtrak. Amtrak has discussed accelerating major maintenance work, even at the cost of further disruptions, to more quickly stabilize infrastructure and decrease more future incidents that could potentially cause even greater disruption.

On April 28, 2017, Amtrak announced that it would perform some track maintenance during the summer over a period of one and a half months. Five tracks were closed for repairs as part of the reconstruction work, severely reducing track capacity in a situation media outlets deemed "the summer of hell". Many affected NJ Transit passengers were diverted to take the PATH instead. Some Amtrak trains from the Empire Corridor were routed to Grand Central instead of Penn Station. Regular service resumed on September 5, 2017.

Amtrak made further improvements to Penn Station's trackage in summer 2018. As a result, some Empire Corridor trains were rerouted again to Grand Central. The Lake Shore Limited and Cardinal to Chicago were truncated or rerouted because of this work.

• view
• talk
• edit

Planning and redevelopment

Resurgence of train ridership in the 21st century has pushed the current Pennsylvania Station structure to capacity, leading to several proposals to renovate or rebuild the station, often characterized as correcting for the 1960s demolition of the original facility.

In 2013, the Regional Plan Association and Municipal Art Society formed the Alliance for a New Penn Station. Citing overcrowding and the limited capacity of the current station under Madison Square Garden, the Alliance began to advocate for limiting the extension of Madison Square Garden's operating permit to ten years. In May 2013, four architecture firms released concepts for redeveloping Penn Station without Madison Square Garden above it, by moving the Garden a few blocks southwest to the Morgan Postal Facility, to the area south of the James Farley Post Office, or to a new pier west of Jacob K. Javits Convention Center. Madison Square Garden officials rejected the idea of moving the facility, calling the plans "pie-in-the-sky", but on July 24, 2013, the New York City Council voted 47–1 to give the Garden a ten-year operating permit, after which the owners would have to move or seek permission anew.

In January 2016, at the same time he announced the development of Moynihan Train Hall, New York governor Andrew Cuomo announced that requests for proposals would be solicited for the redevelopment of the station under the Garden, which would be a public-private partnership called the Empire Station Complex. Investors would be granted commercial rights to the station in exchange for paying building costs.

In June 2023, nearing the end of the ten-year permit granted in 2013, the MTA, along with Amtrak and NJ Transit, filed a report stating that Madison Square Garden is no longer compatible with Penn Station, saying, "MSG's existing configuration and property boundaries impose severe constraints on the station that impede the safe and efficient movement of passengers and restrict efforts to implement improvements, particularly at the street and platform levels." On September 14, 2023, the New York City Council voted 48–0 to renew the operating permit for Madison Square Garden for five years, the shortest-ever granted by the city to the Garden.

Southern expansion

In January 2020, Governor Cuomo unveiled a proposed southern annex to Penn Station, part of his vision for the Empire Station Complex. The annex would include eight additional tracks with four platforms and would involve demolishing the entire block bounded by 30th and 31st streets between Seventh and Eighth avenues, directly south of the existing station, as well as parts of the two blocks to the east and west. The plans were later revised to call for a 12-track station. The new tracks would connect to and take advantage of the new capacity provided by the Hudson River tunnels built as part of the Gateway Program. This new southern terminal, which would require federal approvals and could cost as much as $16.7 billion, has not proceeded. The necessity of new tracks has been debated, in light of studies by regional advocacy groups and the railroads themselves suggesting that service improvements to enable regional through-running could similarly boost capacity.

Station reconstruction

In April 2021, MTA officials under governor Andrew Cuomo proposed two options to reconstruct the Penn Station building under Madison Square Garden, to be financed by the development of 10 new office and residential towers in the surrounding neighborhood. One concept would retain the existing two-level concourse; the other envisioned a taller single-level concourse with a multi-story glass atrium in the former midblock taxiway. Both plans would improve passenger circulation and platform access, and could demolish the Hulu Theater for a new Eighth Avenue entrance. Some of the plan's opponents alleged the tower development would disproportionately benefit real-estate firm Vornado Realty Trust, which would redevelop several buildings without paying property taxes.

In November 2021, after Cuomo resigned, governor Kathy Hochul announced plans to hasten the reconstruction to take place before construction of a southern annex, and to slightly reduce the size of the office tower development. Hochul's plan selected the one-level concourse alternative, and in June 2022, Hochul and New Jersey governor Phil Murphy announced a call for architects and engineers to submit preliminary designs. John McAslan was announced as designer that September.

In February 2023, Vornado declared it would no longer invest in new office space at that time due to high interest rates and lack of demand following the COVID-19 pandemic, and in June 2023 Hochul announced that Penn Station reconstruction would be "decoupled" from any office tower development, presumably financed in other ways, and she announced the "kickoff" of a renewed design process. That same June, private developer ASTM North America unveiled an unsolicited alternative reconstruction plan, which would focus on creating both a 55-foot tall Eighth Avenue entrance and a 105-foot tall midblock atrium, and which would be financed by both private investment from ASTM and government funding sources.

In November 2024, the United States Department of Transportation provided a $72 million grant to cover two-thirds of the design and engineering phase of the Penn Station Reconstruction project. It would include 11 elevators, 18 escalators, a plaza, and a connection to the 34th Street–Herald Square station.

Gateway Program

The Gateway Program is the planned expansion and renovation of the Northeast Corridor between Newark, New Jersey, and New York City to alleviate the bottleneck under the Hudson River and allow for refurbishment of the existing North River Tunnels. Two new tunnels would add 25 cross-Hudson train slots during rush hours and could connect to a 7-track, 4-platform terminal annex to Penn Station to its south. Some previously planned improvements were also incorporated into the Gateway plan.

The Gateway Program was unveiled in 2011, one year after the cancellation of the somewhat-similar Access to the Region's Core (ARC) project, and was originally projected to cost $14.5 billion and take 14 years to build. Construction of a "tunnel box" that would preserve right-of-way on Manhattan's West Side began in September 2013, using $185 million in recovery and resilience funding awarded after Hurricane Sandy in 2012. In 2015, Amtrak said that damage done to the existing trans-Hudson tunnels by Sandy had made their replacement urgent. That year, Amtrak reported that environmental and design work was underway, estimated the project cost at $20 billion, and said construction would last four to five years.

A draft environmental impact statement was released in July 2017, but the first Trump administration delayed consideration of it. Unblocking the project was a stated priority of the Biden administration, and the project was approved in May 2021. Federal funding was anticipated from the Biden administration's Bipartisan Infrastructure Bill, which became law in November 2021. The first federal funding was announced by President Biden in 2023, with the federal government committing as much as $11 billion of the $16.1 billion price tag and the states of New York and New Jersey agreeing to split the rest. Construction began in late 2023.

See also

• Pennsylvania Tunnel and Terminal Railroad
• Transportation in New York City

References

Notes

1. The breakdown of Penn Station's ridership:
   • Commuter and intercity rail comprise about 355,000 daily weekday passengers.
     • LIRR has an average of 233,340 daily weekday passengers.
     • NJ Transit has an average of 93,305 daily weekday passengers.
     • Amtrak has an average of 28,487 daily passengers, when annual totals are averaged.
   • The two subway stations have a combined average of approximately 200,000 daily weekday passengers. However, this only includes entries and not exits.
   • The remainder of the ridership, around 75,000 passengers, may use other transportation such as buses, taxis, or ride-sharing, and may include passengers exiting from the subway.
2. The Railway and Engineering Review article says at their highest the station tracks were nine feet below sea level.

Citations

1. "NJ Transit Facts at a Glance" (PDF). New Jersey Transit. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 18, 2012. Retrieved October 2, 2016.
2. Kiefer, Eric (February 21, 2018). "How Many Riders Use NJ Transit's Hoboken Train Station?". Hoboken Patch. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
3. "Amtrak Fact Sheet, Fiscal Year 2023: State of New York" (PDF). Amtrak. March 2024. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
4. "2017 Ridership Book" (PDF). MTA Long Island Rail Road. Retrieved August 19, 2021.
5. Kimmelman, Michael (April 24, 2019). "When the Old Penn Station Was Demolished, New York Lost Its Faith". The New York Times. Retrieved April 24, 2019.
6. Leonard, Devin (January 10, 2018). "The Most Awful Transit Center in America Could Get Unimaginably Worse". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
7. ^ "Farewell to Penn Station". The New York Times. October 30, 1963. Retrieved July 13, 2010.
8. ^ Gray, Christopher (May 20, 2001). "Streetscapes/'The Destruction of Penn Station'; A 1960's Protest That Tried to Save a Piece of the Past". The New York Times. Retrieved September 6, 2018.
9. ^ Goldbaum, Christina (December 30, 2020). "New Train Hall Opens at Penn Station, Echoing Building's Former Glory". New York Times. Retrieved December 30, 2020.
10. ^ Vantuono, William (December 31, 2020). "LIRR East End Gateway Opens". Railway Age. Retrieved January 23, 2021.
11. ^ Vielkind, Jimmy (January 7, 2020). "Cuomo Says State Will Acquire Manhattan Block to Expand Penn Station". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 7, 2020.
12. Brenzel, Kathryn (November 3, 2021). "Hochul downsizes Cuomo's Penn Station plan". The Real Deal. Retrieved September 4, 2022.
13. ^ Gannon, Devin (April 22, 2021). "See what a renovated Penn Station could look like". 6sqft. Retrieved June 10, 2021.
14. Cudahy, Brian J. (2002), Rails Under the Mighty Hudson (2nd ed.), New York: Fordham University Press, p. 44, ISBN 978-0-82890-257-1, OCLC 911046235
15. Roberts, Sam (January 18, 2013). "The Birth of Grand Central Terminal". The New York Times. Retrieved November 8, 2015.
16. "New York – Penn Station, NY (NYP)". the Great American Stations. Amtrak. 2016.
17. Donovan, Frank P. Jr. (1949). Railroads of America. Milwaukee: Kalmbach Publishing.
18. Keys, C. M. (July 1910). "Cassatt and His Vision:Half a Billion Dollars Spent in Ten Years to Improve a Single Railroad – The End of a Forty-Year Effort to Cross the Hudson". The World's Work: A History of Our Time. XX: 13187–13204. Retrieved July 10, 2009.
19. Klein, Aaron E (January 1988). History of the New York Central. Greenwich, Connecticut: Bison Books. p. 128. ISBN 0-517-46085-8. Archived from the original on June 7, 2011.
20. "Pennsylvania's Tunnel Under North River; Property Already Acquired for the Great New York Terminal". The New York Times. December 12, 1901. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
21. ^ McLowery, Randall (February 18, 2014). "The Rise and Fall of Penn Station – American Experience". PBS. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
22. Mills, William Wirt (1908). Pennsylvania Railroad tunnels and terminals in New York City. Moses King. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
23. Gilbert, Gilbert H.; Wightman, Lucius I.; Saunders, William L. (1912). "The East River Tunnels of the Pennsylvania Railroad". The Subways and Tunnels of New York: Methods and Costs, with an Appendix on Tunneling Machinery and Methods and Tables of Engineering Data. New York: John Wiley & Sons. p. 111. Retrieved October 11, 2009.
24. "The Pennsylvania Opens Its Second River Tube; A Real Experience Tramping Through the Bores". The New York Times. October 10, 1906. Retrieved May 23, 2018.
25. "Fourth River Tube Through; Last of Pennsylvania-Long Island Tunnels Connected – Sandhogs Celebrate". The New York Times. March 19, 1908. Retrieved May 23, 2018.
26. "Day Long Throng Inspects New Tube; 35,000 Persons Were Carried on the First Day of Pennsylvania's Tunnel Service". The New York Times. September 9, 1910. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
27. "Pennsylvania Opens Its Great Station; First Regular Train Sent Through the Hudson River Tunnel at Midnight". The New York Times. November 27, 1910. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 23, 2018.
28. "Pennsylvania Railroad Company – American railway". Encyclopedia Britannica. March 1, 1976. Retrieved May 19, 2019.
29. ^ Kimmelman, Michael (April 24, 2019). "When the Old Penn Station Was Demolished, New York Lost Its Faith". The New York Times.
30. ^ Grynbaum, Michael M. (October 18, 2010). "The Joys and Woes of Penn Station at 100". The New York Times. Retrieved February 3, 2013.
31. Gray, Christopher (May 20, 2001). "'The Destruction of Penn Station'; A 1960's Protest That Tried to Save a Piece of the Past". The New York Times. Retrieved January 16, 2010.
32. Tolchin, Martin (October 29, 1963). "Demolition Starts At Penn Station; Architects Picket; Penn Station Demolition Begun; 6 Architects Call Act a 'Shame'". The New York Times. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
33. "New York – Penn Station, NY (NYP)" Archived October 7, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, Great American Stations Project. 2013 Amtrak. Retrieved October 5, 2013
34. ^ Rasmussen, Frederick N. (April 21, 2007). "From the Gilded Age, a monument to transit". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
35. Herbert Muschamp, "Architecture View; In This Dream Station Future and Past Collide," New York Times, June 20, 1993.
36. Kamin, Blair (January 23, 2005). "New Randolph station works within its limits". The Chicago Tribune.
37. Weinstein, Jon (January 29, 2013). "Grand Central Terminal At 100: Legal Battle Nearly Led To Station's Demolition". NY1. Archived from the original on June 17, 2013.
38. "New York – Penn Station, NY (NYP)". greatamericanstations.com. Archived from the original on October 7, 2013. Retrieved October 5, 2013.
39. ^ Washington, Ruby (December 12, 1986). "New Concourse Opens at Pennsylvania Station". The New York Times. Retrieved July 18, 2009.
40. Doherty, Matthew (November 7, 2004). "Far West Side Story". The New York Times. Retrieved March 6, 2010.
41. "Travel Advisory; Grand Central Trains Rerouted To Penn Station". The New York Times. April 7, 1991. Retrieved February 7, 2010.
42. Johnson, Kirk (July 7, 1988). "Amtrak Trains To Stop Using Grand Central". The New York Times. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
43. Barron, James (April 8, 1991). "Riding the Past From Grand Central". The New York Times. Retrieved December 11, 2018.
44. Ain, Stewart (October 9, 1994). "High Marks for New Penn Station". The New York Times. Retrieved February 15, 2021.
45. Lambert, Bruce (May 1, 1994). "Neighborhoos Report: Midtown; At Penn Station, The Future Pulls In, Recalling the Past". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 2, 2022.
46. Medina, Toni (September 18, 2002). "Commissioner Fox Unveils New 7th Avenue Concourse at Penn Station N. Y. - NJ TRANSIT – New Jersey". NJ TRANSIT. Retrieved December 2, 2022.
47. ^ Medina, Toni (August 31, 2009). "New Street Entrance to NJ Transit Concourse Opens at NY Penn Station – NJ TRANSIT – New Jersey". NJ TRANSIT. Retrieved December 2, 2022.
48. Ain, Stewart (October 9, 1994). "High Marks for New Penn Station". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 2, 2022.
49. Rife, Judy (November 12, 2006). "NJ Transit plans to add Penn Station entrance". Times Herald-Record. Retrieved December 2, 2022.
50. "NJ Transit opens new entrance to Penn Station". Times Herald-Record. September 1, 2009. Retrieved December 2, 2022.
51. Lueck, Thomas J. (June 17, 2003). "Threats and Responses: Security; Schumer Praises Work for Safer Penn Station, but Wants More". The New York Times. Retrieved December 14, 2018.
52. "City Planning Commission July 14, 2010 / Calendar No. 31 C 100049 ZSM" (PDF). citylaw.org. City Planning Commission. July 14, 2010. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
53. "Remembering the Gimbels tunnel". New York Post. November 28, 2010. Retrieved December 14, 2018.
54. "NJ Transit, Amtrak complete refresh of ticketed waiting area at New York Penn Station". Mass Transit Magazine. November 23, 2020. Retrieved October 16, 2024.
55. "A Station Worthy of New York". The New York Times. November 2, 2007. Retrieved November 26, 2007.
56. Hsu, Cindy (December 30, 2020). "Gov. Andrew Cuomo Cuts Ribbon On Moynihan Train Hall, Says Its Opening Is A Hopeful Sign For 2021". CBS New York – Breaking News, Sports, Weather, Traffic and the Best of NY. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
57. "Moynihan Train Hall On Track For 2020". amNewYork. September 29, 2016. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
58. Kusisto, Laura; Brown, Eliot (March 3, 2014). "New York State Pushes for Penn Station Plan". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
59. Warerkar, Tanay (June 15, 2017). "Penn Station's West End Concourse finally opens to the public". Curbed NY. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
60. "Cuomo Lays Out Renovation Plan for Penn Station and Farley Post Office". The New York Times. January 7, 2016. Retrieved May 30, 2016.
61. Coburn, Jesse (December 28, 2020). "NYC's Moynihan Train Hall opens Friday to LIRR commuters". Newsday. Archived from the original on April 20, 2021. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
62. Guse, Clayton (June 20, 2017). "Penn Station is officially getting a massive expansion". Time Out New York. Retrieved May 27, 2018.
63. "The World Selections for Airports, Campuses, Passenger Stations and Sportsmark the opening of the Prix Versailles 2021" (PDF). Prix Versailles. World Prix Versailles Organization. p. 4. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
64. Dejtiar, Fabian (July 27, 2021). "Prix Versailles 2021: World Selections for Airports, Campuses, Passenger Stations and Sports announced". Architecture Daily. Retrieved August 1, 2021.
65. "news – Governor Cuomo Announces New Main Entrance to Penn Station and Expansion of LIRR Concourse". MTA. September 6, 2018. Archived from the original on June 28, 2021. Retrieved September 7, 2018.
66. Duggan, Kevin (March 8, 2022). "That's using your head! MTA takes out 'head knocker' beams from Penn Station". amNewYork. Retrieved September 8, 2022.
67. Nessen, Stephen (March 9, 2022). "Penn Station 'head knockers' are coming down". Gothamist. Retrieved September 8, 2022.
68. "'Crummy Terminal' NYers Endured for 50 Years Gets Its Makeover. See Penn's New LIRR Concourse". NBC New York. September 6, 2022. Retrieved September 8, 2022.
69. "Long Island Rail Road Concourse and East End Gateway". new.mta.info. April 6, 2023. Retrieved April 10, 2023.
70. Barone, Vincent (September 6, 2018). "Midtown block could permanently close for Penn project". am New York. Retrieved September 7, 2018.
71. Mocker, Greg (June 24, 2024). "Public plaza opens at Penn Station in NYC". PIX11. Retrieved June 28, 2024.
72. Cole, Jacqueline (June 25, 2024). "$65M Penn Station promenade opens with restaurants, walking space and more". Newsday. Retrieved June 28, 2024.
73. Small, Eddie (April 30, 2024). "Vornado spending $65M to spruce up area around Penn Station for commuters". Crain's New York Business. Retrieved June 28, 2024.
74. "Area around Penn Station undergoing $65 million revitalization". Newsday. April 29, 2024. Retrieved June 28, 2024.
75. Leonard, Devin (January 10, 2018). "The Most Awful Transit Center in America Could Get Unimaginably Worse". Bloomberg Business Week. Retrieved January 10, 2018.
76. Randolph, Eleanor (March 28, 2013). "Transplanting Madison Square Garden". Taking Note. Retrieved January 8, 2016.
77. Sciarrino, Robert (December 26, 2013). "How to squeeze 1,200 trains a day into America's busiest transit hub". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved January 8, 2016. ...a transit hub that handles 650,000 people a day — twice as busy as America's most-used airport in Atlanta and busier than Newark, LaGuardia and JFK airports combined.
78. ^ Jackson, Kenneth T., ed. (1995). The Encyclopedia of New York City. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0300055366.
79. Empire State Development. "About Moynihan Station." Archived January 27, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved March 7, 2011.
80. "Subway Map" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. September 2021. Retrieved September 17, 2021.
81. "Manhattan Bus Map" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. July 2019. Retrieved December 1, 2020.
82. "Our Bus Stops — Vamoose Bus". Retrieved January 9, 2015. Dropoff Locations: Penn Station, 7th Ave. Corner of W 30th Street
83. "Our Pick-Up and Drop-Off Locations — Tripper Bus". Retrieved January 30, 2019. Pick-Up Drop-Off Locations: Penn Station, NE corner of 31 St between 7th and 8th Ave
84. "Metro-North Penn Station Access" (PDF). New York: Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
85. "Metro-North Penn Station Access" (PDF). New York: Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
86. MTACC Quarterly Progress Report to CPOC Penn Station Access Project Overview: December 12, 2016 (PDF) (Report). New York: Metropolitan Transportation Authority. December 12, 2016. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
87. "Station Directory – Penn Station, NY" (PDF). NJ Transit. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 30, 2018. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
88. ^ Krueger, Alyson (June 5, 2021). "A Complete Guide to NYC's Penn Station". TripSavvy. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
89. Goldbaum, Christina (December 30, 2020). "New Train Hall Opens at Penn Station, Echoing Building's Former Glory". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
90. "Amtrak - Stations - New York, NY - Penn Station (NYP)". www.amtrak.com.
91. "NJ Transit and Amtrak Complete the Refresh of the Ticketed Waiting Area at New York Penn Station". njtransit.com. November 20, 2020. Retrieved April 11, 2023.
92. Vantuono, Willian (December 31, 2020). "LIRR East End Gateway Opens". Railway Age. Simmons-Boardman Publishing Inc. Retrieved August 11, 2021.
93. Castillo, Afonso A. (July 1, 2012). "LIRR plans major Penn Station makeover". Newsday. Archived from the original on April 19, 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2021.
94. Schaer, Sidney C. (October 23, 1994). "As LIRR Renovation Ends, Who's Laughing Now?". Newsday. Retrieved November 19, 2024.
95. ^ "POSTINGS: For the Dashing Commuter; L.I.R.R. Finishing 34th St. Pavilion". The New York Times. January 8, 1995. Retrieved November 20, 2024.
96. Warerkar, Tanay (June 15, 2017). "Penn Station's West End Concourse finally opens to the public". Curbed NY. Retrieved February 15, 2021.
97. "Commissioner Fox Unveils New 7th Avenue Concourse at Penn Station N.Y." (Press release). NJ Transit. September 18, 2002. Archived from the original on October 9, 2007. Retrieved January 16, 2010.
98. Fahim, Kareem (November 6, 2006). "New Penn Station Entrance Is Planned by N.J. Transit". The New York Times. Retrieved July 18, 2009.
99. "New street entrance to NJ Transit concourse opens at NY Penn Station". NJ Transit. August 31, 2009. Archived from the original on August 13, 2021. Retrieved August 13, 2021.
100. McGeehan, Patrick (December 13, 2017). "Lost in Penn Station? Amtrak Has an App to Guide You". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 17, 2017.
101. ^ "Penn Station", station layout, mta.info
102. ^ "Penn Station Track System". Amtrak. May 2017. Archived from the original on July 15, 2017. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
103. Nowakowski, Patrick (April 24, 2017). Metro-North/LIRR Committee Meeting (Board meeting). Event occurs at 15:45. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved April 29, 2017.
104. ^ "Long Island Rail Road Timetable No. 4" (PDF). May 14, 2012. p. I-81. Retrieved April 29, 2017.
105. "Amtrak Northeast Corridor Employee Timetable No. 6" (PDF). National Transportation Safety Board Docket Management System. February 22, 2016. p. 72. Retrieved April 29, 2017.
106. "Long Island Rail Road Timetable No. 4" (PDF). May 14, 2012. p. I-59. Retrieved April 29, 2017.
107. "Amtrak Northeast Corridor Employee Timetable No. 6" (PDF). National Transportation Safety Board Docket Management System. February 22, 2016. p. 209. Retrieved April 29, 2017.
108. LaForgia, Michael (October 9, 2017). "Before Derailments at Penn Station, Competing Priorities Led to Disrepair". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 9, 2017.
109. ^ Fitzsimmons, Emma G.; Corasaniti, Nick (April 6, 2017). "Amtrak Knew of Flaw That Caused Penn Station Derailment". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
110. ^ Fitzsimmons, Emma G.; McGeehan, Patrick (April 25, 2017). "Amtrak Said to Weigh Extended Track Closings for Penn Station Repairs". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
111. Rubinstein, Dana (May 5, 2014). "Clock ticking on Hudson crossings, Amtrak warns". Capital. Archived from the original on May 10, 2014. Retrieved May 20, 2014.
112. "Rail officials say derailment disruptions could last days". AP News. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
113. "Penn Station stampede: 16 injured in chaos amid false reports of gun shots". Fox News. April 15, 2017. Retrieved April 29, 2017.
114. "Schumer: Boost communication after Penn Station stampede". New York's PIX11 / WPIX-TV. April 23, 2017. Archived from the original on October 22, 2020. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
115. ^ Fitzsimmons, Emma G.; McGeehan, Patrick (April 27, 2017). "Amtrak Plans to Close Several Penn Station Tracks for Major Repairs". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 29, 2017.
116. "LIRR mulls suing Amtrak over Penn Station derailments". News 12 Long Island. Archived from the original on April 29, 2017. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
117. McGeehan, Patrick (May 2, 2017). "Amtrak's Plan for Penn Station Repairs Calls for 44 Days of Closed Tracks". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 2, 2017.
118. McGeehan, Patrick (September 1, 2017). "Summer Was Not So Hellish for Commuters at Penn Station". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 5, 2017.
119. Saul, Emily (July 9, 2017). "'Summer of Hell' at Penn Station kicks off this week". New York Post. Retrieved September 5, 2017.
120. McGeehan, Patrick (August 3, 2017). "This Summer, PATH Is on the Big Stage". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 11, 2017.
121. Coyne, Matt (June 12, 2017). "6 Amtrak trains to use Grand Central Terminal this summer". lohud.com. Retrieved April 17, 2018.
122. Wolfe, Jonathan (September 5, 2017). "New York Today: 'Summer of Hell' Comes to an End". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 5, 2017.
123. "Full service resumes at Penn Station after 8 weeks of repair work". ABC7 New York. September 5, 2017. Archived from the original on September 5, 2017. Retrieved September 5, 2017.
124. "Amtrak Announces Summer Infrastructure Renewal Work – Amtrak Media". Amtrak Media. April 10, 2018. Archived from the original on August 14, 2022. Retrieved June 9, 2018.
125. "New York-Chicago Direct Train Shuts Down for First Time in Over a Century". The New York Times. June 8, 2018. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 9, 2018.
126. Wilson, Colleen (February 25, 2021). "NJ Transit to benefit from Penn Station expansion. Here are the details". northjersey.com. North Jersey Media Group. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
127. Rubinstein, Dana (October 10, 2018). "Urbanists again aim to remake Penn Station and insist this time it will be different". Politico PRO. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
128. ^ Alberts, Hana R. (May 29, 2013). "Four Plans For A New Penn Station Without MSG, Revealed!". Curbed. Retrieved October 26, 2014.
129. Randolph, Eleanor (June 2013). "Bit by Bit, Evicting Madison Square Garden". The New York Times. Retrieved July 8, 2013.
130. Higgs, Larry (January 6, 2016). "Gov. Cuomo unveils grand plan to rebuild N.Y. Penn Station". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved January 6, 2016.
131. "6th Proposal of Governor Cuomo's 2016 Agenda: Transform Penn Station and Farley Post Office Building Into a World-Class Transportation Hub". Governor Andrew M. Cuomo. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved January 7, 2016.
132. Kvetenadze, Téa (June 6, 2023). "MTA report says MSG and Penn Station are no longer compatible, fueling debate over the arena's future". New York Daily News. Retrieved June 10, 2023.
133. "NYC officials set to give James Dolan five-year permit for Madison Square Garden — but battle over site is brewing". New York Post. September 14, 2023. Retrieved September 14, 2023.
134. Siff, Andrew (January 6, 2020). "Cuomo: 8 New Tracks to Be Added to NY Penn Station". NBC New York. Retrieved January 7, 2020.
135. Higgs, Larry (January 6, 2020). "Penn Station expansion will make getting to NYC easier, Cuomo says". NJ.com. Retrieved January 7, 2020.
136. Hallum, Mark (January 6, 2020). "Empire Station complex plan includes big rail expansion for Penn Station: Cuomo". amNewYork. Retrieved January 26, 2020.
137. ^ Hicks, Nolan (August 23, 2024). "Amtrak Wants to Sell Us a Very Expensive Penn Station Expansion". Curbed. Retrieved August 27, 2024.
138. Haag, Matthew (July 21, 2022). "The Penn Station $7 Billion Fix-Up Moves Ahead: Here's What to Know". New York Times. Retrieved February 9, 2023.
139. Hicks, Nolan (December 25, 2023). "Shelved Penn Station fixes could avoid $17 billion expansion — if transit agencies actually work together: Post investigation". New York Post. Retrieved December 26, 2023.
140. Guse, Clayton (April 21, 2021). "MTA leaders unveil shiny new vision for NYC's cramped, crowded Penn Station". nydailynews.com. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
141. "Here's What a Transformed NYC's Penn Station Will Look Like". NBC New York. April 21, 2021. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
142. ^ Siff, Andrew (June 9, 2022). "Hochul Announces Major Step Toward NY Penn Station Revamp; Plan Faces Opposition". NBC News. New York: NBC Owned Television Stations. Retrieved June 10, 2022.
143. Sommerfeldt, Chris (June 9, 2022). "Gov. Hochul forges ahead with NYC Penn Station redesign plan that stands to benefit major campaign donor". New York Daily News. New York: Tribune Publishing. Retrieved June 10, 2022.
144. Haag, Matthew; McGeehan, Patrick (November 3, 2021). "With Cuomo Gone, Hochul Revises Plan for Penn Station". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 4, 2021.
145. Higgs, Larry (November 4, 2021). "N.Y.'s gov unveils new plan to redo Penn Station". The Star Ledger. Newark: Advance Publications. Retrieved November 4, 2021.
146. Higgs, Larry (June 9, 2022). "Designs for reimagined N.Y. Penn Station due in July, but obstacles, objections remain". The Star Ledger. Newark: Advance Publications. Retrieved June 10, 2022.
147. Guse, Clayton (September 21, 2022). "Penn Station rebuild to be overseen by architectural firm behind London's King's Cross station, MTA says". New York Daily News. New York: Tribune Publishing. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
148. Klein, Kristine (September 22, 2022). "FXCollaborative, WSP, and John McAslan + Partners to redesign Penn Station". The Architect's Newspaper. New York. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
149. Chen, Stefanos (February 15, 2023). "Developer Delays Penn Station Project, Citing Economic Conditions". The New York Times. New York. Retrieved March 28, 2023.
150. McGeehan, Patrick (June 26, 2023). "A New Penn Station Is Coming, With or Without Office Towers, Hochul Says". The New York Times. New York. Retrieved July 15, 2023.
151. Chen, Stefanos (June 28, 2023). "Private Firm Announces Competing Vision for Penn Station Redesign". The New York Times. New York. Retrieved November 6, 2023.
152. "Penn Station renovations: $72 million federal grant on way, Sen. Schumer's office says". Newsday. November 13, 2024. Retrieved November 18, 2024.
153. Simko-Bednarski, Evan (November 12, 2024). "Federal Transportation Dept. set to kick in $72M toward Penn Station renovations: Sen. Schumer". New York Daily News. Retrieved November 18, 2024.
154. ^ "Gateway Project" (PDF). Amtrak. February 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 17, 2013. Retrieved February 7, 2011.
155. ^ McGeehan, Patrick (February 7, 2011). "With One Plan for a Hudson Tunnel Dead, Senators Offer Another Option". The New York Times. Retrieved February 9, 2011.
156. "West Side Construction Project May Bring New Rail Tunnel Pathways To …". NY1.com. November 6, 2013. Archived from the original on November 6, 2013. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
157. Rouse, Karen (December 6, 2012). "Amtrak asks Congress for emergency funding for flood protection". The Record. Archived from the original on December 13, 2013. Retrieved November 12, 2012.
158. Goldmark, Alex (December 13, 2012). "Amtrak asks for subsidies in wake of Hurricane Sandy". Transportation Nation. Archived from the original on August 24, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2012.
159. "Take a ride inside the aging Hudson River train tunnels that would cost billions to replace (VIDEO)". The Star-Ledger. May 5, 2015.
160. Bazeley, Alex (July 6, 2017). "The Hudson Tunnel Project is expected to cost $12.9 billion". am New York. Retrieved May 7, 2018.
161. "Price for New York-New Jersey rail tunnel rises to $12.9B". ABC News. July 6, 2017. Archived from the original on July 7, 2017. Retrieved July 9, 2017.
162. Ngo, Emily (November 16, 2020). "Schumer: Trump Holding Gateway 'Hostage,' but Biden Will Advance It". Spectrum News NY1. Retrieved December 30, 2020.
163. McGeehan, Patrick (May 28, 2021). "At Long Last, a New Rail Tunnel Under the Hudson River Can Be Built". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 28, 2021.
164. Laing, Keith (November 10, 2021). "Gateway Tunnel Is in Line for Funds From Infrastructure Bill, Says Amtrak CEO". Bloomberg. Retrieved December 2, 2021.
165. Kanno-Youngs, Zolan (January 31, 2023). "Biden Offers Millions for New York Rail Tunnel, Courtesy of His Infrastructure Law". New York Times. Retrieved February 9, 2023.
166. McGeehan, Patrick (November 3, 2023). "New Phase of Gateway Tunnel Project in Hudson River to Begin". New York Times. Retrieved November 5, 2023.
167. McGeehan, Patrick (July 5, 2022). "Hudson River Tunnel Project Moves Ahead as States Agree to Share Costs". The New York Times. Retrieved August 4, 2022.
168. McGeehan, Patrick (September 11, 2023). "13 Years Later, Construction to Restart on Hudson River Rail Tunnel". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 12, 2023.

Bibliography

• Diehl, Lorraine B. (1985). The Late, Great Pennsylvania Station. Lexington, MA: Stephen Greene Press. ISBN 0-8289-0603-3.
• Johnston, Bob (January 2010). "Penn Station: How do they do it?". Trains. 70 (1): 22–29. Includes track diagram.

External links

• New York Penn Station – Amtrak
• New York Penn Station – Station history at Great American Stations (Amtrak)
• Penn Station – LIRR
• Penn Station – NJ Transit

• Architecture
• New York City
• Trains

v t e New York Penn Station
Headhouses	Pennsylvania Station (1910–1963) Moynihan Train Hall (current)
Connections	Subway stations Seventh Avenue Eighth Avenue Herald Square PATH station
Nearby buildings	James A. Farley Building Madison Square Garden Pennsylvania Plaza
History	New York Tunnel Extension Access to the Region's Core Gateway Program
Operators	Pennsylvania Railroad (historical) Amtrak Long Island Rail Road NJ Transit Metro-North Railroad (future)