| Revision as of 00:48, 19 December 2017 edit2602:306:bc46:6b50:15c8:4b19:2ec9:440c (talk)No edit summary← Previous edit | Latest revision as of 16:27, 29 December 2024 edit undoWilliam Avery (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Page movers, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers477,142 edits MOS:LQ | ||
| (23 intermediate revisions by 13 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| {{Short description|Genus of anglerfish}} | |||
| {{Taxobox | |||
| {{Speciesbox | |||
| | image = H_mollis.JPG | | image = H_mollis.JPG | ||
| | image_width = 240px | |||
| | image_caption = Female ghostly seadevil with two attached males | | image_caption = Female ghostly seadevil with two attached males | ||
| ⚫ | | parent_authority = ], 1912 | ||
| | regnum = ]ia | |||
| ⚫ | | taxon = Haplophryne mollis | ||
| | phylum = ] | |||
| ⚫ | | authority = (], 1902) <ref name=WoRMS>{{cite WoRMS |author=Bailly, Nicolas |year=2015 |title=''Haplophryne mollis'' (Brauer, 1902) |id=126547 |accessdate=5 January 2016|db=}}</ref> | ||
| | classis = ] | |||
| | synonyms = {{Specieslist | |||
| | ordo = ] | |||
| ⚫ | | Aceratias mollis | Brauer, 1902 | ||
| | familia = ] | |||
| ⚫ | | Edriolychnus macracanthus | Regan and ], 1932 | ||
| | genus = '''''Haplophryne''''' | |||
| ⚫ | | Edriolychnus radians | Regan and Trewavas, 1932 | ||
| ⚫ | | |
||
| ⚫ | | Edriolychnus roulei | Regan and Trewavas, 1932 | ||
| | species = '''''H. mollis''''' | |||
| ⚫ | | Edriolychnus schmidti | Regan, 1925 | ||
| ⚫ | | |
||
| | Haplophryne triregium | ] & ], 1939 | |||
| ⚫ | | |
||
| }} | |||
| ⚫ | | |
||
| ⚫ | | synonyms_ref = <ref name=WoRMS/><ref name = FishBase/> | ||
| ⚫ | |||
| | status = LC | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| | status_system = IUCN3.1 | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| | status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn|author=Knudsen, S. |year= 2015 |title= ''Haplophryne mollis'' |page= e.T60470770A60791264 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T60470770A60791264.en|access-date=15 January 2023}}</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | | synonyms_ref = <ref name=WoRMS/> | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| '''''Haplophryne mollis''''', the '''ghostly seadevil''' or '''soft leftvent angler''', is a species of ] in the ] ] and is ] in the genus ''Haplophryne''. It is found in the ] and ]s of tropical and subtropical parts of the world's oceans at depths down to about {{cvt|2250|m|ft|-2}}. | |||
| ==Taxonomy== | |||
| ''Haplophryne'' was first proposed as a ] in 1912 by the English ] ] with ''Aceratias mollis'' as its only species and its ] by ].<ref name = CofF>{{Cof family|family=Linophrynidae|access-date=21 August 2024}}</ref> ''A. mollis'' was first formally ] in 1902 by the German ] ] with its ] given as the central Indian Ocean from a depth of {{cvt|2200|m}}, collected on the ].<ref name = CofF2>{{Cof genus|genus=Haplophryne|access-date=21 August 2024}}</ref> The 5th edition of '']'' classifies this taxon in the family Linophrynidae, within the ] ], the deep sea anglerfishes, of the ] ] ].<ref name = Nelson5>{{cite book |author1=Nelson, J.S. |author1-link=Joseph S. Nelson |author2=Grande, T.C. |author3=Wilson, M.V.H. |year=2016 |title=Fishes of the World |edition=5th |publisher=] |place=Hoboken, NJ |pages=508–518 |isbn=978-1-118-34233-6 |lccn=2015037522 |oclc=951899884 |ol=25909650M |doi=10.1002/9781119174844}}</ref> | |||
| ==Etymology== | |||
| ''Haplophryne'' is a combination of ''haplo'' and ''phryne''. ''Haplo'' means "single", Regan did not explain this what this alluded to but it may be to the ] of ''A. mollis'', a male which was "without nasal papillae". ''Phryne'', which means "toad", is commonly used in the names of anglerfish genera. Its use may date as far back as ] and ], who referred to anglerfishes as "fishing-frogs" and "sea-frogs", respectively, possibly because of their resemblance to frogs and toads. The ], ''mollis'', means "soft" an allusion to the thick, soft and unpigmented skin of the holotype.<ref name = ETYFish>{{cite web |url=https://etyfish.org/lophiiformes2/ |title=Order LOPHIIFORMES (part 2): Families CAULOPHRYNIDAE, NEOCERATIIDAE, MELANOCETIDAE, HIMANTOLOPHIDAE, DICERATIIDAE, ONEIRODIDAE, THAUMATICHTHYIDAE, CENTROPHRYNIDAE, CERATIIDAE, GIGANTACTINIDAE and LINOPHRYNIDAE |author=Christopher Scharpf |date=21 August 2024 |access-date=21 June 2024 |work=The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database |publisher=Christopher Scharpf}}</ref> | |||
| ==Description== | ==Description== | ||
| Adult female ''Haplophryne mollis'' are much larger than adult males, with a maximum length of {{ |
Adult female ''Haplophryne mollis'' are much larger than adult males, with a maximum length of {{cvt|16|cm|in|1}}, but {{cvt|8|cm|in|0}} is a more common length.<ref name=FishBase/> As in other angler fish, the front dorsal fin is replaced by a lure (] or esca) that protrudes forward and over the mouth to attract prey, but in this species this just consists of a flap of skin and there is no "fishing rod". The fish has spine-like ornamentation above the eyes and at the corners of the jaws. The head is large and angular, with a very wide mouth armed with numerous small teeth in both jaws. The dorsal fin, which has no spines but consists of three soft rays, is set far back on the body; the anal fin also has three soft rays and the tail is rounded.<ref name=FishBase/> | ||
| Unlike most other deepsea anglerfish, ''H. mollis'' lacks pigmentation, and both sexes appear pallid and translucent, with the musculature and portions of the skeleton clearly showing through the skin. Free-living males only grow to about {{ |
Unlike most other deepsea anglerfish, ''H. mollis'' lacks pigmentation, and both sexes appear pallid and translucent, with the musculature and portions of the skeleton clearly showing through the skin. Free-living males only grow to about {{cvt|2|cm|in|1}}, and differ from the adult and juvenile females by the noticeable lack of a short, bubble-like ] and having comparatively small fins. Juvenile females lack the spinous ornamentation on the head.<ref name=Pietsch>{{cite book |last=Pietsch|first=Theodore|title=Oceanic Anglerfishes Extraordinary Diversity in the Deep Sea|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HiOq3dUk7jIC&pg=PA155 |year=2009|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley and Los Angeles, California |isbn=978-0-520-25542-5|pages=155–157}}</ref> | ||
| ==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| Because of the great depths at which this fish lives, it is seldom encountered by humans. In 2009 it was reported that 88 known female specimens had been observed. The type specimen was described by the German zoologist ] in 1902 from the Indian Ocean. Another Indian Ocean specimen was a free-living male caught off ]. Other specimens have been ] from the Atlantic Ocean, the ] and the ], between 55°N and 40°S. Further specimens have been found in the Pacific Ocean off eastern Australia, ] and ], with isolated findings near ] and in the ].<ref name=TWP483>{{cite book|author=Pietsch, Theodore W. |title=Oceanic Anglerfishes: Extraordinary Diversity in the Deep Sea |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HiOq3dUk7jIC&pg=PA483 |year=2009 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520- |
Because of the great depths at which this fish lives, it is seldom encountered by humans. In 2009 it was reported that 88 known female specimens had been observed. The type specimen was described by the German zoologist ] in 1902 from the Indian Ocean. Another Indian Ocean specimen was a free-living male caught off ]. Other specimens have been ] from the Atlantic Ocean, the ] and the ], between 55°N and 40°S. Further specimens have been found in the Pacific Ocean off eastern Australia, ] and ], with isolated findings near ] and in the ].<ref name=TWP483>{{cite book|author=Pietsch, Theodore W. |title=Oceanic Anglerfishes: Extraordinary Diversity in the Deep Sea |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HiOq3dUk7jIC&pg=PA483 |year=2009 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-25542-5 |page=483}}</ref> It is found in the ] and ]s of tropical and subtropical parts of the world's oceans at depths down to about {{cvt|2250|m|ft|-2}}.<ref name=FishBase>{{FishBase |genus=Haplophryne|species=mollis |month= January |year=2016}}</ref> | ||
| ==Life cycle and ecology== | ==Life cycle and ecology== | ||
| Male ''H. mollis'' are at first free-living, but when they have found a female they latch onto her with their teeth. In most anglerfish the point of attachment for the male is on the belly, close to the ], but in ''H. mollis'' the attachment site can be anywhere on the head or body, and in one case, a male attached to the female's esca (lure). The males orient themselves in random directions, and there may be more than one male per female. A papilla, or conical fleshy protuberance, grows at the site of attachment which may assist the male to establish a good grip. The mouth of the male is partially blocked by the papilla, but an opening usually remains at either side which suffices for allowing a flow of water over the gills. As time passes, the male becomes fused to the female and their tissues combine. The male can be considered as a ] of the female but only about 30% of mature females encountered have an attached male, so many females may never encounter a mate, and remain in a solitary, non-reproductive state for the duration of their lives.<ref name=TWP301>{{cite book|author=Pietsch, Theodore W. |title=Oceanic Anglerfishes: Extraordinary Diversity in the Deep Sea |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HiOq3dUk7jIC&pg=PA301 |year=2009|publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520- |
Male ''H. mollis'' are at first free-living, but when they have found a female they latch onto her with their teeth. In most anglerfish the point of attachment for the male is on the belly, close to the ], but in ''H. mollis'' the attachment site can be anywhere on the head or body, and in one case, a male attached to the female's esca (lure). The males orient themselves in random directions, and there may be more than one male per female. A papilla, or conical fleshy protuberance, grows at the site of attachment which may assist the male to establish a good grip. The mouth of the male is partially blocked by the papilla, but an opening usually remains at either side which suffices for allowing a flow of water over the gills. As time passes, the male becomes fused to the female and their tissues combine. The male can be considered as a ] of the female but only about 30% of mature females encountered have an attached male, so many females may never encounter a mate, and remain in a solitary, non-reproductive state for the duration of their lives.<ref name=TWP301>{{cite book|author=Pietsch, Theodore W. |title=Oceanic Anglerfishes: Extraordinary Diversity in the Deep Sea |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HiOq3dUk7jIC&pg=PA301 |year=2009|publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-25542-5 |pages=301–305}}</ref> | ||
| == References == | == References == | ||
| {{ |
{{Reflist}} | ||
| == External links == | == External links == | ||
| Line 42: | Line 47: | ||
| *{{commonscat-inline}} | *{{commonscat-inline}} | ||
| {{Taxonbar|from=Q2134412}} | |||
| {{DEFAULTSORT:Haplophryne Mollis}} | |||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
Latest revision as of 16:27, 29 December 2024
Genus of anglerfish
| Haplophryne | |
|---|---|
| |
| Female ghostly seadevil with two attached males | |
| Conservation status | |
 Least Concern (IUCN 3.1) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Lophiiformes |
| Family: | Linophrynidae |
| Genus: | Haplophryne Regan, 1912 |
| Species: | H. mollis |
| Binomial name | |
| Haplophryne mollis (Brauer, 1902) | |
| Synonyms | |
.gif)
Haplophryne mollis, the ghostly seadevil or soft leftvent angler, is a species of anglerfish in the family Linophrynidae and is the only species in the genus Haplophryne. It is found in the bathypelagic and mesopelagic zones of tropical and subtropical parts of the world's oceans at depths down to about 2,250 m (7,400 ft).
Taxonomy
Haplophryne was first proposed as a monospecific genus in 1912 by the English ichthyologist Charles Tate Regan with Aceratias mollis as its only species and its type species by monotypy. A. mollis was first formally described in 1902 by the German zoologist August Brauer with its type locality given as the central Indian Ocean from a depth of 2,200 m (7,200 ft), collected on the Valdivia Expedition. The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies this taxon in the family Linophrynidae, within the suborder Ceratioidei, the deep sea anglerfishes, of the anglerfish order Lophiiformes.
Etymology
Haplophryne is a combination of haplo and phryne. Haplo means "single", Regan did not explain this what this alluded to but it may be to the holotype of A. mollis, a male which was "without nasal papillae". Phryne, which means "toad", is commonly used in the names of anglerfish genera. Its use may date as far back as Aristotle and Cicero, who referred to anglerfishes as "fishing-frogs" and "sea-frogs", respectively, possibly because of their resemblance to frogs and toads. The specific name, mollis, means "soft" an allusion to the thick, soft and unpigmented skin of the holotype.
Description
Adult female Haplophryne mollis are much larger than adult males, with a maximum length of 16 cm (6.3 in), but 8 cm (3 in) is a more common length. As in other angler fish, the front dorsal fin is replaced by a lure (illicium or esca) that protrudes forward and over the mouth to attract prey, but in this species this just consists of a flap of skin and there is no "fishing rod". The fish has spine-like ornamentation above the eyes and at the corners of the jaws. The head is large and angular, with a very wide mouth armed with numerous small teeth in both jaws. The dorsal fin, which has no spines but consists of three soft rays, is set far back on the body; the anal fin also has three soft rays and the tail is rounded.
Unlike most other deepsea anglerfish, H. mollis lacks pigmentation, and both sexes appear pallid and translucent, with the musculature and portions of the skeleton clearly showing through the skin. Free-living males only grow to about 2 cm (0.8 in), and differ from the adult and juvenile females by the noticeable lack of a short, bubble-like esca and having comparatively small fins. Juvenile females lack the spinous ornamentation on the head.
Distribution
Because of the great depths at which this fish lives, it is seldom encountered by humans. In 2009 it was reported that 88 known female specimens had been observed. The type specimen was described by the German zoologist August Brauer in 1902 from the Indian Ocean. Another Indian Ocean specimen was a free-living male caught off Western Australia. Other specimens have been trawled from the Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, between 55°N and 40°S. Further specimens have been found in the Pacific Ocean off eastern Australia, New Caledonia and New Zealand, with isolated findings near Hawaii and in the Gulf of Panama. It is found in the bathypelagic and mesopelagic zones of tropical and subtropical parts of the world's oceans at depths down to about 2,250 m (7,400 ft).
Life cycle and ecology
Male H. mollis are at first free-living, but when they have found a female they latch onto her with their teeth. In most anglerfish the point of attachment for the male is on the belly, close to the anus, but in H. mollis the attachment site can be anywhere on the head or body, and in one case, a male attached to the female's esca (lure). The males orient themselves in random directions, and there may be more than one male per female. A papilla, or conical fleshy protuberance, grows at the site of attachment which may assist the male to establish a good grip. The mouth of the male is partially blocked by the papilla, but an opening usually remains at either side which suffices for allowing a flow of water over the gills. As time passes, the male becomes fused to the female and their tissues combine. The male can be considered as a parasite of the female but only about 30% of mature females encountered have an attached male, so many females may never encounter a mate, and remain in a solitary, non-reproductive state for the duration of their lives.
References
- Knudsen, S. (2015). "Haplophryne mollis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T60470770A60791264. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T60470770A60791264.en. Retrieved 15 January 2023.
- ^ Bailly, Nicolas (2015). "Haplophryne mollis (Brauer, 1902)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 5 January 2016.
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Haplophryne mollis". FishBase. January 2016 version.
- Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Linophrynidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
- Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Haplophryne". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
- Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 508–518. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN 2015037522. OCLC 951899884. OL 25909650M.
- Christopher Scharpf (21 August 2024). "Order LOPHIIFORMES (part 2): Families CAULOPHRYNIDAE, NEOCERATIIDAE, MELANOCETIDAE, HIMANTOLOPHIDAE, DICERATIIDAE, ONEIRODIDAE, THAUMATICHTHYIDAE, CENTROPHRYNIDAE, CERATIIDAE, GIGANTACTINIDAE and LINOPHRYNIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
- Pietsch, Theodore (2009). Oceanic Anglerfishes Extraordinary Diversity in the Deep Sea. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. pp. 155–157. ISBN 978-0-520-25542-5.
- Pietsch, Theodore W. (2009). Oceanic Anglerfishes: Extraordinary Diversity in the Deep Sea. University of California Press. p. 483. ISBN 978-0-520-25542-5.
- Pietsch, Theodore W. (2009). Oceanic Anglerfishes: Extraordinary Diversity in the Deep Sea. University of California Press. pp. 301–305. ISBN 978-0-520-25542-5.
External links
Data related to Haplophryne at Wikispecies
Media related to Haplophryne mollis at Wikimedia Commons
| Taxon identifiers | |
|---|---|
| Haplophryne mollis |
|