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{{Short description|Israeli teacher and activist (1947–1983)}}
{{uncat|October 2006}}
{{Infobox person
'''Emil Grunzweig''' was an ]i ] activist killed during a peace rally in ] on ], ]. Grunzweig was killed when an unbalanced man named Yona Avrushmi lobbed a grenade into the crowd of demonstrators.
|name = Emil Grunzweig
Avrushmi was convicted and sentenced to 27 years in prison. In 2005 Avrushmi was denied early release; he is currently slated to be released in 2010.
|image = Emil gr.jpg
|birth_date = {{Birth date|mf=yes|1947|12|1}}
|birth_place = ], ], ]
|death_date = {{Death date and age|1983|2|10|1947|12|1|mf=yes}}
|death_place = ], ]
|occupation = Teacher
|nationality = ]i
}}
'''Emil Grunzweig''' ({{langx|he|אמיל גרינצווייג}}; December 1, 1947 – February 10, 1983) was an Israeli teacher and ] activist affiliated with the ] movement. He became an icon of the Israeli left after he was killed by a grenade thrown at a peace rally in ] in 1983. In 1987, a nonprofit educational organization in Jerusalem was established in his name, called the Adam Institute for Democracy and Peace in Memory of Emil Greenzweig. The ] is awarded annually by ].


==Biography==
A pathological report found however that the grenade had exploded too close to Grunzweig's body to have been thrown and was most likely located in Grunzweig's own pocket.
Emil Grunzweig was born in ] in ], ], to Olga and Shmuel Grunzweig. His mother was a survivor of the ] extermination camp ]. He had one brother, Eliezer. The family lived in ] and ] for a time. After Shmuel Grunzweig died in France in 1963, the family immigrated to Israel. In Israel, the family settled in ], where Emil attended the ]. After graduation, he was conscripted into the ], and joined a ] unit based on ] ] in the ]. As a ] in the IDF, he fought in the ]. He served as a reserve officer in the ], the ], and the ].
] marking the spot in Jerusalem where Emil Grunzweig was killed]]
]
After his discharge from the army, he settled at Revivim, where he worked in the orchards. He studied ] and ] at the ]. He taught mathematics and coordinated social activities at Maaleh haBesor high school at kibbutz ]. He was involved in many educational projects including ]s with the students on issues such as the ], labor relations, and the relationship between religious cults and the state.

He moved to Jerusalem to complete a ] in the history, philosophy, and sociology of science, at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and worked in educational projects at the ]. In this capacity, he organized joint Jewish–Arab summer camps to promote understanding between Jewish and Arab youths. According to philosopher ], Grunzweig's closest friend was a young Palestinian man named Adeeb, who was also involved with the Van Leer Institute.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cohen |first1=Gerald Allan |last2=Ed.: Otsuka |first2=Michael |title=Chapter 6: Casting the First Stone: Who Can, and Who Can't, Condemn the Terrorists |journal=Finding Oneself in the Other |date=2013 |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton (N.J.) |isbn=978-0-691-14881-6 |pages=132–133}}</ref>

Grunzweig was married to Einat Ornan, and the couple had a daughter, Niva, who was four years old when he was killed. Grunzweig and Einat had divorced; at the time of his death he had a girlfriend, Ada Oren.<ref>{{cite news |date=June 27, 2002 |url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/features/incited-by-the-right-1.41188 |title=Incited by the right |newspaper=Haaretz |accessdate=February 2, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Nir Hasson |date=February 10, 2013 |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/daughter-of-slain-peace-activist-grunzweig-israel-imposes-terror-on-its-citizens.premium-1.502632 |title=Daughter of slain peace activist Grunzweig: Israel imposes terror on its citizens |work=Haaretz |accessdate=February 2, 2014}}</ref>

==Death==
Grunzweig was killed on February 10, 1983 at a ] rally outside the Jerusalem office of the Prime Minister. The protest was in support of the ]'s recommendation to investigate Israeli complicity in the ]. Grunzweig was killed from a ] lobbed into the crowd by the right-wing extremist Yonah Avrushmi.<ref>{{cite news
| title = Thousands attend Israeli's funeral
| url = https://www.nytimes.com/1983/02/12/world/thousands-attend-israeli-s-funeral.html
| work = The New York Times
| date = 1983-02-12
| accessdate = 2014-02-20
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
| first = David K.
| last = Shipler
| authorlink = David K. Shipler
| title = Crude shrine rises at spot where bomb halted protest
| url = https://www.nytimes.com/1983/02/16/world/a-crude-shrine-rises-at-spot-where-bomb-halted-protest.html
| work = The New York Times
| date = 1983-02-16
| accessdate = 2007-08-25
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
| first = David K.
| last = Shipler
| authorlink = David K. Shipler
| title = Israel begins to note Jewish terrorism
| url = https://www.nytimes.com/1984/01/29/weekinreview/israel-begins-to-note-jewish-terrorism.html
| work = The New York Times
| date = 1984-01-29
| accessdate = 2007-08-25
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
| title = Grunzweig blames state for father's murder
| url = https://www.jpost.com/national-news/grunzweig-blames-state-for-fathers-murder
| author1= Tovah Lazaroff
| author2=Greer Fay Cashman
| work = Jerusalem Post
| date = 2013-02-10
| accessdate = 2024-05-13
}}

</ref> Nine other peace activists were injured, among them future politicians ] and ].

Avrushmi was arrested in 1984, convicted of murder in 1985, and sentenced to life in prison. In 1995, President ] commuted the sentence to 27 years in prison. In 2005, Avrushmi's appeal for early release was denied by a Tel Aviv district court.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.peacenow.org/about/press.asp?rid=&cid=1812 |title=Court rejects appeal for early release from jail by killer of Peace Now activist |newspaper=] |date=November 24, 2005 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823221157/http://www.peacenow.org/about/press.asp?rid=&cid=1812 |archivedate=August 23, 2006 }}</ref> Avrushmi was granted parole and released from Rimonim Prison on January 26, 2011.<ref>{{cite news |date=January 26, 2011 |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4019347,00.html |title=Peace activist's murderer Yona Avrushmi released from prison |publisher=Ynetnews |accessdate=February 2, 2014}}</ref>

==See also==
* ]
* ]

== References==
{{reflist|30em}}

== External link ==
{{commonscat}}
*

{{DEFAULTSORT:Grunzweig, Emil}}
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Latest revision as of 18:58, 21 December 2024

Israeli teacher and activist (1947–1983)
Emil Grunzweig
Born(1947-12-01)December 1, 1947
Cluj-Napoca, Transylvania, Romania
DiedFebruary 10, 1983(1983-02-10) (aged 35)
Jerusalem, Israel
NationalityIsraeli
OccupationTeacher

Emil Grunzweig (Hebrew: אמיל גרינצווייג; December 1, 1947 – February 10, 1983) was an Israeli teacher and peace activist affiliated with the Peace Now movement. He became an icon of the Israeli left after he was killed by a grenade thrown at a peace rally in Jerusalem in 1983. In 1987, a nonprofit educational organization in Jerusalem was established in his name, called the Adam Institute for Democracy and Peace in Memory of Emil Greenzweig. The Emil Grunzweig Human Rights Award is awarded annually by the Association for Civil Rights in Israel.

Biography

Emil Grunzweig was born in Cluj in Transylvania, Romania, to Olga and Shmuel Grunzweig. His mother was a survivor of the Nazi extermination camp Auschwitz. He had one brother, Eliezer. The family lived in France and Brazil for a time. After Shmuel Grunzweig died in France in 1963, the family immigrated to Israel. In Israel, the family settled in Haifa, where Emil attended the Hebrew Reali High School. After graduation, he was conscripted into the Israel Defense Forces, and joined a Nahal unit based on Kibbutz Revivim in the Negev. As a paratrooper in the IDF, he fought in the Six-Day War. He served as a reserve officer in the War of Attrition, the Yom Kippur War, and the 1982 Lebanon War.

A commemorative plaque marking the spot in Jerusalem where Emil Grunzweig was killed
Emil Grunzweig memorial stone in Jerusalem rose garden

After his discharge from the army, he settled at Revivim, where he worked in the orchards. He studied mathematics and philosophy at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He taught mathematics and coordinated social activities at Maaleh haBesor high school at kibbutz Magen. He was involved in many educational projects including role-playing games with the students on issues such as the Arab–Israeli conflict, labor relations, and the relationship between religious cults and the state.

He moved to Jerusalem to complete a Master's degree in the history, philosophy, and sociology of science, at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and worked in educational projects at the Van Leer Jerusalem Institute. In this capacity, he organized joint Jewish–Arab summer camps to promote understanding between Jewish and Arab youths. According to philosopher G.A. Cohen, Grunzweig's closest friend was a young Palestinian man named Adeeb, who was also involved with the Van Leer Institute.

Grunzweig was married to Einat Ornan, and the couple had a daughter, Niva, who was four years old when he was killed. Grunzweig and Einat had divorced; at the time of his death he had a girlfriend, Ada Oren.

Death

Grunzweig was killed on February 10, 1983 at a Peace Now rally outside the Jerusalem office of the Prime Minister. The protest was in support of the Kahan Commission's recommendation to investigate Israeli complicity in the Sabra and Shatila massacre. Grunzweig was killed from a grenade lobbed into the crowd by the right-wing extremist Yonah Avrushmi. Nine other peace activists were injured, among them future politicians Avraham Burg and Yuval Steinitz.

Avrushmi was arrested in 1984, convicted of murder in 1985, and sentenced to life in prison. In 1995, President Ezer Weizmann commuted the sentence to 27 years in prison. In 2005, Avrushmi's appeal for early release was denied by a Tel Aviv district court. Avrushmi was granted parole and released from Rimonim Prison on January 26, 2011.

See also

References

  1. Cohen, Gerald Allan; Ed.: Otsuka, Michael (2013). "Chapter 6: Casting the First Stone: Who Can, and Who Can't, Condemn the Terrorists". Finding Oneself in the Other. Princeton (N.J.): Princeton University Press: 132–133. ISBN 978-0-691-14881-6.
  2. "Incited by the right". Haaretz. June 27, 2002. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  3. Nir Hasson (February 10, 2013). "Daughter of slain peace activist Grunzweig: Israel imposes terror on its citizens". Haaretz. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  4. "Thousands attend Israeli's funeral". The New York Times. 1983-02-12. Retrieved 2014-02-20.
  5. Shipler, David K. (1983-02-16). "Crude shrine rises at spot where bomb halted protest". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-08-25.
  6. Shipler, David K. (1984-01-29). "Israel begins to note Jewish terrorism". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-08-25.
  7. Tovah Lazaroff; Greer Fay Cashman (2013-02-10). "Grunzweig blames state for father's murder". Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 2024-05-13.
  8. "Court rejects appeal for early release from jail by killer of Peace Now activist". Haaretz. November 24, 2005. Archived from the original on August 23, 2006.
  9. "Peace activist's murderer Yona Avrushmi released from prison". Ynetnews. January 26, 2011. Retrieved February 2, 2014.

External link

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