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{{Short description|District of Karnataka, India}} | |||
{{Infobox Indian Jurisdiction | | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}} | |||
native_name = Uttara Kannada | | |||
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}} | |||
type= district| | |||
district_image = distmap.png | | |||
{{Infobox settlement | |||
district_image_desc = ]-level map of '''?? district''' | | |||
| name = Uttara Kannada | |||
latd = | | |||
| settlement_type = ] | |||
district_lat_m = ?? | | |||
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage | |||
longd = | | |||
|size = 250 | |||
district_long_m = ?? | | |||
|photo1a = Kanur, Karnataka 581337, India - panoramio (11).jpg | |||
|photo1b = A pic in Murudeswara.jpeg | |||
division_name = | | |||
|photo2a = Banavasi1.jpg | |||
taluk_names = ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] | | |||
|photo2b= Bridge, Sadashivghad (1496158).jpg | |||
hq = ] | | |||
|photo3a = Om Beach, Gokarna (Sunset).jpg | |||
leader_title = Deputy Commissioner | | |||
}} | |||
leader_name = ?? | | |||
| image_alt = | |||
area_total = 10,250 | | |||
| image_caption = Clockwise from top-left:] in Kanur, ], Kali River Bridge at ], Om Beach at ], Madhukesvara Temple at ] | |||
population_as_of = ?? | | |||
| nickname = Kashmir of Karnataka | |||
population_total = | | |||
| image_map = Karnataka locator map.svg | |||
postal_code = ?? | | |||
| image_map1 = {{maplink|display=|frame=yes|type=shape-inverse|id=Q579205|plain=y|title=|description=|coord=|marker=Park|zoom=8|text|icon=no|frame-width=300|frame-height=320|frame-align=center}} | |||
area_telephone = + 91 (0) ?? | | |||
| map_alt = | |||
vehicle_code_range = KA-?? | | |||
| map_caption = | |||
district_timezone = ] (] +5:30) | | |||
| coordinates = {{coord|14.6|N|74.7|E|display=inline,title}} | |||
website= www.kar.nic.inzpkarwar/ | | |||
| subdivision_type = Country | |||
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | |||
| subdivision_type1 = ] | |||
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Seal of Karnataka.svg|Emblem of Karnataka}}] | |||
| established_title = Established | |||
| established_date = 1 November 1956 | |||
| founder = | |||
| named_for = | |||
| parts_type = ]s | |||
| parts = {{hlist|]| ]|]|]|]|]|]|]|]|]|]|]}} | |||
| government_type = | |||
| governing_body = | |||
| leader_title1 = District Minister | |||
| leader_name1 = Mankal S Vaidya | |||
| leader_title2 = Zilla Panchayat President | |||
| leader_name2 = | |||
| leader_title3 = ] | |||
| leader_name3 = ] | |||
| leader_title4 = DC | |||
| leader_name4 = Lakshmi Priya. K , I.A.S<ref>https://uttarakannada.nic.in/en/</ref> | |||
| unit_pref = Metric | |||
| area_footnotes = | |||
| area_total_km2 = 10291 | |||
| area_rank = 5th | |||
| elevation_footnotes = Average | |||
| elevation_m = 600 | |||
| population_total = 1,437,169 | |||
| population_as_of = 2011 | |||
| population_footnotes = <ref name="census">{{cite web | url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2909_PART_A_DCHB_UTTARA%20KANNADA.pdf| title=District Census 2011: Uttara Kannada| publisher=] | access-date=2012-02-17}}</ref> | |||
| population_density_km2 = 140 | |||
| population_rank = ] | |||
| population_demonym = | |||
| demographics_type1 = Languages | |||
| demographics1_title1 = Official | |||
| demographics1_info1 = ]<ref>{{Cite web |first= |title=Report of the commissioner for linguistic minorities in india {{!}} page 99 |url=https://minorityaffairs.gov.in/WriteReadData/RTF1984/9607554317.pdf |website=minorityaffairs.gov.in}}</ref> | |||
| timezone1 = ] | |||
| utc_offset1 = +5:30 | |||
| postal_code_type = ] | |||
| postal_code = 581xxx | |||
| area_code = +91 0(838x) | |||
| area_code_type = Telephone code | |||
| iso_code = ] | |||
| registration_plate = * ] KA 30 | |||
* ] KA 31 | |||
* ] KA 47 | |||
* ] KA 65 | |||
| blank1_name_sec1 = Coastline | |||
| blank1_info_sec1 = {{Convert|142|km|mi}} | |||
| blank1_name_sec2 = ] | |||
| blank1_info_sec2 = ] (]) | |||
| website = {{URL|uttarakannada.nic.in}} | |||
| footnotes = | |||
| blank2_info_sec1 = 979 <!--This is males per female. The Indian census provides males per 1000 females.--><ref name="census"/> ]/] | |||
| blank3_name_sec1 = Literacy | |||
| blank3_info_sec1 = 84.06% | |||
| blank4_name_sec1 = ] constituency | |||
| blank4_info_sec1 = ] | |||
| blank2_name_sec2 = ] | |||
| blank2_info_sec2 = {{convert|2835|mm|in}} | |||
| blank3_name_sec2 = Avg. summer temperature | |||
| blank3_info_sec2 = {{convert|33|°C|°F}} | |||
| blank4_name_sec2 = Avg. winter temperature | |||
| blank4_info_sec2 = {{convert|20|°C|°F}} | |||
| official_name = | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Uttara Kannada''' is a fifth largest district in the ]n ] of ], It is bordered by the state of ] and ] districts to the north, ] and ] to the east, ], and ] to the south, and the ] to the west. ] is the district headquarters, ] and ] are the major commercial centers in the district. | |||
The district's agroclimatic divisions include the ] consisting of ], ], ], ] ] taluks and ] consisting of ], ], ], ], ], ], ] taluks. | |||
|url= www.censusindiamaps.net/page/India_WhizMap/IndiaMap.htm | |||
|title=Census maps | |||
|publisher= | |||
|accessdate=2006-09-09 | |||
}}</ref> a 10.90% increase since the 1991 census. The town of ] is the administrative headquarters of the district. | |||
== |
== History == | ||
] constructed by ],considered to be longest reigning ].<ref>{{cite news | last=Chandra | first=Subhash | title=A new page: Reviving a piece of history | date=6 December 2020 | newspaper=] | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2020/dec/06/a-new-page-reviving-a-piece-of-history-2232443.html }}</ref>]] | |||
The main geographic feature of the district is the ] or Sayadhri range, which runs from north to south through the district. Between the Sayadhris and the sea is a narrow coastal strip, known as the ''Payanghat'', which varies from 8 to 24 km in width. Behind the coastal plain are flat-topped hills from 60 to 100 meters in height, and behind the hills are the ridges and peaks of the Sayadhris. East of the Sayadhris is the ] upland, part of the vast ] plateau. | |||
] | |||
] & ] Fort as seen from ] Village.]] | |||
The first known dynasty from Uttara Kannada District are ] of Banavasi. Uttara Kannada was the home of the ] kingdom from the 350 to 525. They ruled from ]. After the subjugation of the ] by the ], the district came under successive rule of empires like ], ], ] and ]. ] traveler ] is said to have stayed for a time in the district under the protection of ] Jamal Al-Din at Hunnur.<ref name="DunnDunn2005">{{cite book|author1=Ross E. Dunn|author2=University Ross E Dunn|title=The Adventures of Ibn Battuta: A Muslim Traveler of the Fourteenth Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h7IwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA241|year=2005|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-24385-9|pages=221–222}}</ref> This place is presently known as Hosapattana and is located in the town of ]. Ruins of an old mosque and its minaret can still be seen in the village. The district came under the rule of ] in the 1750s and later part of ], who ceded it to the ] at the conclusion of the ] in 1799. It was initially part of Kanara district in ]. The district was divided to North and South Kanara districts in 1859. The British finally transferred Uttara Kannada district to ] in 1862. | |||
Moisture-bearing winds come from the west, and yearly rainfall averages 3000 mm on the coast, and as high as 5000 mm on the west-facing slopes of the Sayadhris. East of the crest is the ] of the Sayadhris, which receive as little as 1000 mm annually. Much of the rain falls in the June-September ]. | |||
After India's independence in 1947, ] was reconstituted as ]. In 1956, the southern portion of ] was added to ], which was renamed ] in 1972. | |||
Four principal rivers drain westwards from the crest of the Sayadhris to the sea; from north to south they are the Kali, Gungawali, Tadri and Sharavati. These rivers form numerous waterfalls, the most famous of which is ], on upper reaches of the Sharavati in neighboring ] district. Other famous waterfalls include ], where the river Aghanashini drops 116 meters, ], where the Bedti river plunges 180 meters in two leaps, ], where the river Souda drops 74 meters, and ] and ] on the river Kali. In the lowlands, these rivers form wide ], extending several kilometers inland from the coast. | |||
Significant and picturesque, the ] fort of historical importance is now a tourist destination located by the ] bridge, which has been built at the confluence of the river and the ]. The renowned ] and Nobel laureate ], who visited Uttara Kannada in 1882, dedicated an entire chapter of his memoirs to this town.<ref name="Uttara Kannada in Tagore's memoirs">{{cite web|url=http://www.online-literature.com/tagore-rabindranath/my-reminiscences/37/|website=online-literature.com|title=My Reminiscences by Rabindranath Tagore: Ch. 37: Nature's Revenge – Uttara Kannada in Tagore's memoirs |access-date=2022-11-16}}</ref> The 22-year-old Rabindranath Tagore stayed with his brother, Satyendranath Tagore, who was the district judge in Uttara Kannada. There is a substantial amount of Chardo families in this area as they had migrated due to the persecution of the Portuguese in ]. | |||
===Portuguese=== | |||
Cintacora, also known as Chittakula, and Sindpur, were ] and Chittakula was known to them as a very old port. When the fort of ] was built in this area, the village also came to be known by that name. Pir fort, named for the ] of Shah Karamuddin, was captured and burnt by the ] in 1510. The creek at the mouth of the ] was a trading center which came into great prominence after ] was built and the Portuguese realized the advantages of its sheltered ]. | |||
===British=== | |||
In 1638, a rival English trading body, the Courteen Association, established a factory at Uttara Kannada (actually the village named Kadwad, situated {{convert|6|km}} eastwards on the banks of the Kali river). It was a trade port frequented by traders from ] and ]. Baitkhol port (the current civil port of Uttara Kannada) was known for its natural harbour. The name Baithkhol is ] term, Bait-e-kol, meaning bay of safety. ] was the chief commodity purchased but Uttara Kannada was also a source for ], ], ] and coarse blue cotton cloth. Situated on India's west coast, 50 miles south-east of ], Uttara Kannada was noted for its safe ]. In 1649, the Courteen Association united with the ] and Uttara Kannada became a company factory. | |||
] | |||
===Kingdom of Mysore=== | |||
In the Treaty of ] signed in 1784, between ] and the ], one finds reference to Uttara Kannada and ] written as Karwar and Sadasewgude respectively.<ref name="Treaty of Mangalore">{{Cite web |url=http://projectsouthasia.sdstate.edu/docs/history/primarydocs/Tipu_Sultan/TreatyofMangalore1784.htm |title=Project South Asia<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2009-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720142515/http://projectsouthasia.sdstate.edu/docs/history/primarydocs/Tipu_Sultan/TreatyofMangalore1784.htm |archive-date=2008-07-20 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> | |||
Bhatkal and Honnavar were the chief ports of ] in the district. | |||
===The British Empire=== | |||
The ] made ] the district headquarters of ] in 1862. Since 1862, the time from which it came under ], Uttara Kannada was described as a first rate ] between ] and ]. | |||
===Maratha Empire=== | |||
It became a part of ] territory. It was a part of the ] until 1950. | |||
==Geography and climate== | |||
] | |||
The main geographic feature of the district is the ] or Sahyadri range, which runs from north to south through the district. Between the ] and the sea is a narrow coastal strip, known as the Payanghat, which varies from {{convert|8|to|24|km}} in width. Behind the coastal plain are flat-topped hills from 60 to 100 meters in height, and behind the hills are the ridges and peaks of the ]. East of the ] is the ] upland, part of the vast ]. Moisture-bearing winds come from the west, and yearly rainfall averages {{convert|3000|mm}} on the coast, and as high as {{convert|5000|mm}} on the west-facing slopes of the ]. East of the crest is the ] of the ], which receive as little as {{convert|1000|mm}} annually. Much of the rain falls in the June–September ]. Four major rivers drain westwards from the crest of the ] to the sea; from north to south, they are the ], ], ], ]. These rivers form numerous waterfalls, The river ] drops 116 meters, ], where the Bedti river plunges 180 meters in two leaps, ], where the river Sonda (Shalmali) drops 74 meters, and ] and Mailmane falls on the river Kali. In the lowlands, these rivers form wide ], extending several kilometers inland from the coast. | |||
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
] | |||
The district's high rainfall supports lush forests, which cover approximately 70% of the district. The ] cover the Sayadhris below 1000 meters elevation. Many trees lose their leaves in the drier months. In pockets above 1000 meters elevation lie the ] ]. ], near ], preserves approximately 250 km² of semi-evergreen forest, which is home to ], elusive ], ], ], ], ] and a range of birds and reptiles. ] protects 834 km² of semi-evergreen and ] forest in the watershed of the Kali river and its tributaries, the Kaneri and Nagajhari. The Wroughton free tailed bat is endemic to the forests of ], a proposed wild life sanctuary. | |||
The district's high rainfall supports lush forests, which cover approximately 70% of the district. The ] ecoregion lies in a narrow strip between the ] and the foothills of the Western Ghats up to 250 meters elevation. These forests have been almost completely converted to agriculture and teak plantations. The ] cover the ] from 250 to 1000 meters elevation. Many trees shed leaves in the drier months. Above 1000 meters elevation lie the ] ]. ] near ], preserves approximately {{convert|250|km2}} of semi-evergreen forest, which is home to the tiger, ], ], ], ], ] and a range of birds and ]s. ] protects {{convert|834|km2}} of semi-evergreen and ] forest in the watershed of the ] river and its tributaries, the Kaneri and Nagajhari. ] (''Otomops wroughtoni'') is endemic to the forests of ]. | |||
The district is also home to patches of ] and degraded scrub jungles, which are often the result of over-use for logging or grazing. Much of the lowland has been cleared for agriculture. | |||
] forests can be found in the river estuaries, and the sandy beaches are home to groves of ''] inophyllum'', ] and screw pine ''(] spp.)''. | |||
The rocky beaches at Binaga, Arga, Belekeri, Tadadi, Ankola Keni, Kadle, Kumta, Dhareshwar, Kasarkod, Murdeshwar, Bhatkal and Belke of the district is rich with marine fauna diversity. | |||
The rocky beaches of Uttara Kannada District harbours the Invertebrates belonging to the Phylum Porifera, Coelenterata, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca and Echinodermata. | |||
The district is also home to patches of ] and degraded scrub jungles, which are often the result of overuse for logging or grazing. Much of the lowland has been cleared for agriculture. ] forests can be found in the river estuaries, and the sandy beaches are home to groves of '']'', ] and ] ('']''). The rocky beaches at Binaga, ], ], ], Gokarna, ], ], ], ], ], ] and Belke of the district are rich with marine fauna diversity. The beaches at Bhatkal include American Jali Beach, Bahrain Jali Beach, NaStar Beach, Nakhuda Beach, Lighthouse Beach and the rocky Udmudey Beach. The rocky beaches of Uttara Kannada District harbor the invertebrates belonging to the phyla ], ], ], ], ] and ]. | |||
==Agriculture== | |||
Attiveri bird sanctuary is home to 79 species of birds including migratory birds from 22 countries. | |||
The chief crops of the district are ] and ], along with a great diversity of other crops. Tree crops include ], ], ], ], ], ], ], '']'', and ]; vegetables include ], ], ], ], ], ], and ]; spices include ], ], ] and ]. ] and ] are grown in the drier portion of the district east of the Ghats. | |||
] Wildlife Sanctuary is famous for the elusive black panther among other animals like ], tiger and ]. | |||
In addition to agriculture, forestry and fisheries are also important. | |||
The Kavala caves with their {{convert|5|ft}}. High natural Shiva linga, Synthery rocks is a {{convert|500|ft}} high rock flanked by natural caves and waterfalls, Vincholi rapids, Sykes point which offers a view of ], and a suspension bridge are places worth visiting in this sanctuary. ] is an enchanting place that can be reached by trekking about {{convert|10|km}} through lush forest. There is also a shrine of Bhairaveshvara here. | |||
] located some distance from ] is undisturbed. Burude Falls is about {{convert|20|km}} from ], ], Shivagangae, BeeneHolae Fall is about {{convert|25|km}} from ], ] and ] near ] are some of the best natural falls in Uttara Kannada District. There are many dams in this district namely ], ] and ]. The atomic energy station at ] is on the banks of ]. | |||
== |
==Economy== | ||
Uttara Kannada has a Gross Domestic District Product of 530297 Lakh Crores with Karwar and Sirsi being major contributors.sirsi has the highest per capita income in the district at 54850 followed by karwar at 44326, while Bhatkal and Haliyal have the lowest.<ref name="des.kar.nic.in">Karnataka Directorate of Economics and Statistics https://des.kar.nic.in/sites/Conference%20Files/3%20Consolidated%20-%20All%20Articles%20-%20GDDP.pdf</ref> | |||
The chief language of the district is ], with minorities of ], ], and ] speakers. The population is predominantly ], comprising of many communities like Nadavas,Gowda saraswat brahmins, Namdharis and ]s. | |||
===Agriculture=== | |||
''Namdhari'' people form the major community of Uttara Kannada. They use ''Naik'' in their sur-name. Few people also use ''Nayak''. However, all the people who have ''Naik'' or ''Nayak'' are not ''Namdharis'', since few other communities also use these words with their names. Hence, Namdharis refer themselves as ''Namdhari Naik'' or ''Namdhari Nayak''. Nadavas/Nadavaru also have surname by Naik/Nayak and appear to be affiliated to the Nadavas and Bunts from South Kanara. | |||
The chief crops of the district are rice and ], along with a great diversity of other crops. Tree crops include ], ], ], ], ], banana, ], ], ], and ]; vegetables include onion, ], ], ], ], ] (brinjal), and ]; spices include ], ], ] and ]. ] and ] are grown in the drier portion of the district east of the Western Ghats. | |||
There is another major community called ''havyaka'' brahmins. They live mostly in taluk of ], Siddapur, Yellapur, Kumta, Honnavar. The ''havyaks'' use a dialect of kannada called ''havyaka Kannada''.and are called as 'hegde', 'bhat','rao','joshi','shastri','gaokar','hebbar' etc.....they are known for hospitality.... | |||
Bhatkal is known for its imported goods markets,{{citation needed|date=October 2019}} which existed even before India's liberalisation. | |||
==Places to Visit== | |||
===Natural=== | |||
'''Attiveri bird sanctuary''' is home to 79 species of birds including migratory birds from 22 countries. | |||
] is famous for the elusive black panther among other animals like Gaur, Tiger and Leopards. | |||
The Kavala caves with their 5 ft. high natural Shiva linga , Synthery rocks is a 500 ft high rock flanked by natural caves and waterfalls, Vincholi rapids, Sykes point which offers a view of Kali river, and a suspension bridge are places worth visiting in this sanctuary. '''Yana''' is an enchanting place that can be reached by trekking about 10 km through lush forest. Yana is famous for its tall jagged rock formations and waterfalls. There is also a shrine of Bhairaveshvara here. | |||
] located some distance from Dandeli is undisturbed. '''Burude Falls''' is about 20 km from '''Siddapur''' , '''Unchalli Falls ''', Shivagangae, '''BeeneHolae Falls''' is about 25 km from ''']''', '''Magod Falls''' and '''Sathodi Falls''' near '''Yellapura''' are some of the best natural falls in UttarKannada District. | |||
== Commerce and industry == | |||
===Temple Towns=== | |||
Utara Kannada district is famous for its Jain, Vijayanagar and Nayaka architecture. | |||
The ''Chaturmukha Basadi'', ''Vardhamanaswamy'' Temple, ''Parshwanatheshwara Basadi'' at '''Gerusoppa''','''Chandranath Deva Basadi''' and '''24 tirthankara's basadi''' at '''] or Sangitapura''' , erotic sculptures of temples of '''Bhatkal''' are well known. Some well known temples at Bhatkal are the ''Parshwanatheshwara Basadi'', ''Santappanaik Tirumala'' Temple, ''Virupaksha Narayan'' Temple, ''Bala Kini Raghunath'' Temple, ''Khetapai Narayan'' Temple, ''Ventakaraman'' Temple, '''Padmavati Devi''' Temple at Hadavalli. The ''Aryadurga Temple'' at '''Ankola''', ''Partakali Jivottam Mutt'' and ''Mahabaleshvara'' temple at '''Gokarna''' which is an important place of ] studies, ''Mahalasa Narayan'' Temple at '''Kumta''', ''Ventakaraman'' Temple '''Honavara''' and ''Chitrapur Mutt'', ''Mahaganapati Mahamaya'' Temple at '''Shirali''' and the ''Madhukeshvara'' and ''Veerabhadra'' temples at '''Banavasi''' and beach temple at '''Murdeshvara'''. Other important religious places are the ''Maarikamba'' Temple at Sirsi, ''Sahasra Linga'' about 15 km from Sirsi, '']'' belonging to the ] community, ''Sonde or Vadiraj Math'' of the ] community, the ''Shankar Math'' and ''Bhuvangiri'' temple near''' Siddapur'''. | |||
* ] | |||
==History== | |||
* ] | |||
Uttara Kannada was the home of the earliest Kannada kingdom, the ] kingdom from the ] - ]CE. They ruled from Banavasi. After the subjugation of the Kadambas by the ], Uttara Kannada district came under successive rule of great Kannada empires like ], ], ] and ]. The district came uder the rule of ] from around 1700 CE. to 1800 CE. and was ceded to the ] at the conclusion of the ] in ]. The British established North Kanara district as initially as a part of ] in 1859 CE. and later made it a part of ] in 1862 CE. After India's independence in ], Bombay Presidency was reconstituted as ]. In ] the southern, Kannada-speaking portion of Bombay state was added to ], which was renamed ] in ]. | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
==Demographics== | |||
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=4,54,722|13=1911|14=4,30,755|15=1921|16=4,01,928|17=1931|18=4,18,048|19=1941|20=4,41,388|21=1951|22=5,18,062|23=1961|24=6,89,862|25=1971|26=8,49,453|27=1981|28=10,73,561|29=1991|30=12,20,260|31=2001|32=13,53,644|33=2011|34=14,37,169|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref name="censusindia">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html|website=censusindia.gov.in|title=Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901|access-date=2022-11-16}}</ref>|align=center}} | |||
According to the ], Uttara Kannada has a ] of 1,437,169,<ref name=districtcensus>{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=District Census Handbook: Uttara Kannada |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/638/download/2200/DH_2011_2909_PART_A_DCHB_UTTARA_KANNADA.pdf |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=]}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of ]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2007-06-13 | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote = Swaziland 1,436,847}}</ref> or the US state of ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2011.census.gov/2011census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|title=2011 Resident Population Data|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau|access-date=2011-09-30| quote = Hawaii 1,436,847}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 346th in India (out of a total of ]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert|140|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}. Its ] over the decade 2001–2011 was 6.15%. Uttara Kannada has a ] of 975 ] for every 1000 males. 29.15% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 8.10% and 2.39% of the population respectively.<ref name=districtcensus/> | |||
===Religion=== | |||
{{bar box | |||
|title=Religion in Uttara Kannada district (2011)<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Karnataka |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11378/download/14491/DDW29C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=]}}</ref> | |||
|titlebar=#Fcd116 | |||
|right1=Percent | |||
|float=right | |||
|bars= | |||
{{bar percent|]|darkorange|82.61}} | |||
{{bar percent|]|green|13.08}} | |||
{{bar percent|]|dodgerblue|3.10}} | |||
{{bar percent|]|yellow|0.89}} | |||
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.32}} | |||
|left1=Religion | |||
}} | |||
The population is predominantly ], although a ] has existed here since the 1500s. Muslims are a sizeable minority in ] Taluk and are majority in Bhatkal City. A small community of Tibetan refugees lives in ]. | |||
===Language=== | |||
{{Pie chart | |||
|thumb = left | |||
|caption = Languages in Uttara Kannada district (2011).<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Karnataka |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10208/download/13320/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2900.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=]}}</ref> | |||
|label1 = ] |value1 = 55.34 |color1 = darkslateblue | |||
|label2 = ] |value2 = 18.21 |color2 = salmon | |||
|label3 = ] |value3 = 11.83 |color3 = green | |||
|label4 = ] |value4 = 9.52 |color4 = red | |||
|label5 = ] |value5 = 1.36 |color5 = steelblue | |||
|label6 = Others |value6 = 3.88 |color6 = grey | |||
}} | |||
The main language spoken in this district is ], spoken by 55.34%. Other major languages include ] at 18.21%, 11.83% ], 9.52% ] and 1.36% ]. Marathi speakers are mostly located in Joida and Haliyal taluks in the north and Konkani is in majority in Karwar taluk, although it is spoken throughout the district in lesser numbers. ] is a Konkani dialect spoken by ] in ] and surrounding areas.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Karnataka |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10208/download/13320/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2900.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=]}}</ref> | |||
] is understood by a vast majority of the population of Uttara Kannada, even by the Konkani speaking people; exceptions are the villages in the extreme north of the ] taluka such as Sadashivgad, Baval, Majali etc. where the native people do not understand Kannada as Konkani is dominant due to the close proximity of Goa. Kannada dialects spoken in the district include Achchagannada or Halakki Kannada spoken by ], Nadavar dialect of kannada spoken by ] and ] spoken by the ]. | |||
===Literacy=== | |||
Total about 10.8 lakh people in the district are ], among them about 5.8 lakh are male and about 5 lakh are female. Literacy rate (children under 6 are excluded) of Uttara Kannada is 84%. 90% of male and 78% of female population are literate here. Overall ] rate in the district has increased by 7%. Male literacy has gone up by 5% and female ] rate has gone up by 10%. | |||
{|class="wikitable sortable" | |||
|- | |||
!Rank!!Taluk!!Literacy | |||
|- | |||
|1||] || 94% | |||
|- | |||
|2||] || 89% | |||
|- | |||
|3||] || 87% | |||
|- | |||
|4||] || 85% | |||
|- | |||
|5||] || 85% | |||
|- | |||
|6||] || 84% | |||
|- | |||
|7||] || 83% | |||
|- | |||
|8||] || 83% | |||
|- | |||
|9||] || 81% | |||
|- | |||
|10||] || 80% | |||
|- | |||
|11||] || 76% | |||
|- | |||
|12||] || 74% | |||
|} | |||
==Culture== | |||
] | |||
] is a classical dance drama popular in the state of ] in ] mostly popular in the districts of Uttara Kannada. Shimoga, ], Dakshina ] and ] district of ]. This theater art involves ], ], ], ], ], ] and unique costumes. While songs and dance adhere to well established talas very similar to ] forms, acting and dialogues are created spontaneously on stage depending on ability of artists. This combination of classical and folk elements makes ] unique from any other ]. This would be considered to be a form of opera in western eyes. Traditionally, ]s use to start late in the night and run entire night. ], the background singer is also the directory of the story and controls the entire proceedings on stage. Bagavatha along with background musicians who play ] and ] forms himmela. The actors who wear colorful costumes and enact various roles in the story forms mummela. There are many professional troops in Karnataka. In spite of competition from modern movie industry and TV, these troops are arranging ticketed shows and making profit. Apart from this individuals arrange shows in their village inviting well known professional artists like Sri ], Kondadakuli Ramachandra Hegde, Gopal Achari Theerthahalli and Ramesh Bhandari Murur, providing an opportunity for local talents to act with legends. Yakshagana is sometimes simply called as aataā in both Kannada and Khela (Karwari Konkani) Konkani (meaning play).<ref name="enduring">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/06/10/stories/2004061000340300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040830023954/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/06/10/stories/2004061000340300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2004-08-30|title= Enduring art|access-date=2007-09-06|location=Chennai, India|work=]|date=2004-06-10}}</ref> Yaksha-gana literally means the song (gana) of a ]. Yakshas were an ] tribe mentioned in the ] literature of ancient India.<ref name=eb>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9077732/yaksha|title=yaksha|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=2007-09-06}}</ref> The Nawayath men wears lungis unique to them. | |||
==Cuisine== | |||
] | |||
Uttara Kannada is famous for a variety of ] delicacies. Fish curry and rice is the staple diet of the locals. ] and ] are also extensively used. | |||
The staple diet includes a portion of steamed rice with a vegetable and/or ] accompaniment. ] is immensely popular due to its ease of availability, and is prepared with a lot of local spices. Tea is the most popular beverage and is sometimes supplemented with ] or ] to give a distinct flavour. | |||
* '''Kotte Kadubu''': The main ingredients in Kotte Kadubu are ] pulp and ]. The batter which is prepared with additional ingredients is put into a container and steamed. This dessert is a local delicacy and is served hot with ghee. | |||
* '''Holge''': These are similar to the sweet equivalents of ]. One variant is made with gram flour and ], while the other is made with ]. | |||
* '''Todadevu''' is a special kind of thin-crust dosa made out of ] or ] juice. (Most local desserts of Sirsi have ] rather than sugar.) | |||
* '''Shira:''' is rice cooked in sugar, ghee, and ]. | |||
* '''Karakali''': is a special kind of spicy chutney prepared from ] leaves. | |||
* '''Kotte Roti''': A form of idli-like preparation, steam cooked in a conical shaped container constructed using ] leaves. | |||
* '''Patrode''': a special dish prepared by steaming stuffed ] leaves. | |||
* '''Neer Dose''': A soft thin pancake made of batter of boiled rice, ] milk and ]. | |||
* '''Kajmiji''' | |||
* '''Koli Kajjaya''' and '''Hosagere Kajjaya''' are made of rice flour and fried in oil is a famous dish often using roti. Often served with thick potato sambar or Nati chicken curry, it is a delicacy among the non-vegetarian communities in ]. | |||
* '''Banana Buns''' | |||
* '''Hanchina Rotti''' | |||
* '''Ankola Koli Saaru''' | |||
* '''Appe Huli''' | |||
* '''Patholi''' | |||
* '''Kalali Masala''' | |||
* '''Genasle''' | |||
* '''Bhatkal Biryani''' | |||
* '''Tambli''' | |||
==Transport== | |||
===Public transport=== | |||
North West Karnataka Transport Corporation (NWKRTC) is the state transport agency in the district. The NWKRTC covers all towns and villages of the district. There is a good network of public transport which connects the villages to the towns of the district. There are regular intra state services to major cities & towns of the state like ], ], ], ], ]-] and ]. The Kadama Transport buses of neighboring ] state provides regular service from ] to ] and all part of ] state. ], ] and ] are the main hubs for public transport which provides services to intra-district and intrastate round the clock. | |||
Many private transport buses also provide services for inter / intra state from the district. ] is the main sector for private transport in the district. The NH-66 which passes through the district which connects ] near ] to ] state, many private buses are plying on this Highway which provides inter-intra state services to places like ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], Cannanore, Calicut etc. | |||
===Railways=== | |||
The following Railways pass through the district: | |||
* ] which connects ] and ] via ], ], ], ] and ]. | |||
* ] to Vasco Railway line which passes through Castle Rock | |||
* Castle rock to ] Railway line. | |||
* ] -] railway line is proposed to link Karwar port and the northern Karnataka. | |||
* ] -], ] railway line is proposed to link Karwar port and the central part of Karnataka. | |||
* ] -] railway line is proposed to link Malnad region. | |||
*]- ]-], ] railway line is proposed to link ]. | |||
* RO-RO (Roll on/Roll off) services is provided by ] to / from Ankola railway station to Suratkal Railway station. Many truckers use this facility between ] to ]. | |||
===Ports=== | |||
Uttara Kannada being one of the coastal district of the ] state has a coast of {{convert|120|km}} has many ports which are used for sea trade, naval base, ] and other maritime activities. | |||
* '''Karwar Port''' is an intermediate sea port the main activities of this port are berthing of ocean going ships, coastal shipping, and fishing jetty. Ship bunkering facility is also available at ] port. | |||
* ''']''' will be built by the Indian Navy at Alageri village. Naval air base which is part of the Navy's Rs 10,000 crore Phase 2 of ] | |||
* '''INS Kadamba''' is a naval base at Arga village of ] which is used exclusively for berthing of naval vessels. A naval ship repair yard (dry docks) is also attached to it. | |||
* '''Belkeri Port''' is an anchorage port. | |||
* '''Tadri Port''' is a fishing port. | |||
* '''Kumta Port''' is a fishing port. | |||
* '''Honnavar Port''' is a fishing port. | |||
* '''Bhatkal Port''' is a fishing port. It was actually Project Seabird which is now in Karwar, people protest and proposal for withdrawn. There is another fishing port called Tengingundy Port. | |||
The Proposed ]-] railway line can be feasible venture for the future developments of the ports in the district, for movement of the cargo, at present roads are only major mode of cargo movement which leads to congestion of the National Highways of the district. | |||
===Nearby airports=== | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
===Tourist places=== | |||
Uttara Kannada (North Kanara) has many tourist places which cater to different likes of the people. There are many religious places like ], ], Idagunji and Ulavi. The district (Jilla) has many beaches at Karwar, Gokarna, Bhavikeri near Ankola, Murdeshwar, Harawada, Kadle beach near Kumta, Handigon. ] (Kali Tiger Reserve) is located in Uttara Kannada Jille. The backwaters of dams built across river Kali at Kadra, Thattihalla, Kodasalli, Supa and Bommanahalli provide splendid views in rainy season. There are many waterfalls in Uttar Kannada district Sathodi, Devkar, Emme shirle, Arebail, Benne Hole, U nchalli, Burude, Balepatte to name a few. | |||
==Notable personalities== | |||
* ], Deputy Chief Minister in B. G. Kher's Cabinet of the State of Bombay | |||
* ], Author and Central ] Awardee | |||
* ], Chief Justice of Karnataka High Court | |||
* ], Professor Emeritus at IIT Bombay | |||
* ], Drama Writer | |||
* ] ], Recipient of the Param Vir Chakra | |||
* ], two-term Chief Minister of Karnataka | |||
* S. M. Yahya, former Finance Minister of Karnataka | |||
* ], actor | |||
* ], actor and director | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ], Yakshagana artist | |||
* ], politician | |||
* ], Commonwealth medalist | |||
* ], Param Veer Chakra Awardee | |||
* ], Marathi movie actress | |||
* ] | |||
* ], Kannada lyrics writer | |||
* ], author and teacher | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ], actress | |||
* ], businessman | |||
* ], actress | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ], Yakshagana artist | |||
* ], Kannada Actress | |||
* ], industrialist | |||
* ], singer | |||
* ], actress | |||
*], Film Producer, Director, Distributor | |||
* ], Businessman founder of D-Link | |||
* ], activist and politician | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | |||
<references/> | |||
==See also== | |||
] of Banavasi | |||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
{{Commons category|Uttara Kannada district}} | |||
* | |||
* {{Official website|http://uttarakannada.nic.in/}} | |||
{{ |
{{Uttara Kannada}} | ||
{{Karnataka topics}} | |||
{{Authority control}} | |||
] | ] | ||
] | |||
] | ] |
Latest revision as of 09:08, 31 December 2024
District of Karnataka, IndiaDistrict in Karnataka, India
Uttara Kannada | |
---|---|
District | |
Clockwise from top-left:Sathodi Falls in Kanur, Murudeshwar Temple, Kali River Bridge at Karwar, Om Beach at Gokarna, Madhukesvara Temple at Banavasi | |
Nickname: Kashmir of Karnataka | |
Coordinates: 14°36′N 74°42′E / 14.6°N 74.7°E / 14.6; 74.7 | |
Country | India |
State | Karnataka |
Established | 1 November 1956 |
Talukas | |
Government | |
• District Minister | Mankal S Vaidya |
• MP | Vishweshwar Hegde Kageri |
• DC | Lakshmi Priya. K , I.A.S |
Area | |
• Total | 10,291 km (3,973 sq mi) |
• Rank | 5th |
Elevation | 600 m (2,000 ft) |
Population | |
• Total | 1,437,169 |
• Rank | 20th |
• Density | 140/km (400/sq mi) |
Languages | |
• Official | Kannada |
Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
PIN | 581xxx |
Telephone code | +91 0(838x) |
ISO 3166 code | IN-KA |
Vehicle registration | |
Coastline | 142 kilometres (88 mi) |
Literacy | 84.06% |
Lok Sabha constituency | Uttara Kannada |
Climate | Monsoon (Köppen) |
Precipitation | 2,835 millimetres (111.6 in) |
Avg. summer temperature | 33 °C (91 °F) |
Avg. winter temperature | 20 °C (68 °F) |
Website | uttarakannada |
Uttara Kannada is a fifth largest district in the Indian state of Karnataka, It is bordered by the state of Goa and Belagavi districts to the north, Dharwad District and Haveri District to the east, Shivamogga District, and Udupi District to the south, and the Laccadive Sea to the west. Karwar is the district headquarters, Kumta and Sirsi are the major commercial centers in the district. The district's agroclimatic divisions include the coastal plain consisting of Karwar, Ankola, Kumta, Honnavar Bhatkal taluks and Malenadu consisting of Sirsi, Siddapur, Yellapur, Haliyal, Dandeli, Joida, Mundgod taluks.
History
The first known dynasty from Uttara Kannada District are Chutus of Banavasi. Uttara Kannada was the home of the Kadamba kingdom from the 350 to 525. They ruled from Banavasi. After the subjugation of the Kadambas by the Chalukyas, the district came under successive rule of empires like Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, Hoysalas and Vijayanagar empire. Moroccan traveler Ibn Battuta is said to have stayed for a time in the district under the protection of Nawayath Sultan Jamal Al-Din at Hunnur. This place is presently known as Hosapattana and is located in the town of Honnavar. Ruins of an old mosque and its minaret can still be seen in the village. The district came under the rule of Maratha Empire in the 1750s and later part of Mysore Kingdom, who ceded it to the British at the conclusion of the Fourth Mysore War in 1799. It was initially part of Kanara district in Madras Presidency. The district was divided to North and South Kanara districts in 1859. The British finally transferred Uttara Kannada district to Bombay Presidency in 1862.
After India's independence in 1947, Bombay Presidency was reconstituted as Bombay State. In 1956, the southern portion of Bombay State was added to Mysore State, which was renamed Karnataka in 1972.
Significant and picturesque, the Sadashivgad fort of historical importance is now a tourist destination located by the Kali river bridge, which has been built at the confluence of the river and the Arabian Sea. The renowned Bengali poet and Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore, who visited Uttara Kannada in 1882, dedicated an entire chapter of his memoirs to this town. The 22-year-old Rabindranath Tagore stayed with his brother, Satyendranath Tagore, who was the district judge in Uttara Kannada. There is a substantial amount of Chardo families in this area as they had migrated due to the persecution of the Portuguese in Goa.
Portuguese
Cintacora, also known as Chittakula, and Sindpur, were Portuguese and Chittakula was known to them as a very old port. When the fort of Sadashivgad was built in this area, the village also came to be known by that name. Pir fort, named for the Dargah of Shah Karamuddin, was captured and burnt by the Portuguese in 1510. The creek at the mouth of the Kali River was a trading center which came into great prominence after Sadashivgad was built and the Portuguese realized the advantages of its sheltered harbour.
British
In 1638, a rival English trading body, the Courteen Association, established a factory at Uttara Kannada (actually the village named Kadwad, situated 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) eastwards on the banks of the Kali river). It was a trade port frequented by traders from Arabia and Africa. Baitkhol port (the current civil port of Uttara Kannada) was known for its natural harbour. The name Baithkhol is Arabic term, Bait-e-kol, meaning bay of safety. Muslin was the chief commodity purchased but Uttara Kannada was also a source for pepper, cardamom, cassia and coarse blue cotton cloth. Situated on India's west coast, 50 miles south-east of Goa, Uttara Kannada was noted for its safe harbour. In 1649, the Courteen Association united with the British East India Company and Uttara Kannada became a company factory.
Kingdom of Mysore
In the Treaty of Mangalore signed in 1784, between Tipu Sultan and the East India Company, one finds reference to Uttara Kannada and Sadashivgad written as Karwar and Sadasewgude respectively.
Bhatkal and Honnavar were the chief ports of Tippu Sultan in the district.
The British Empire
The British made Carwar the district headquarters of North Canara in 1862. Since 1862, the time from which it came under Bombay presidency, Uttara Kannada was described as a first rate harbour between Bombay and Colombo.
Maratha Empire
It became a part of Maratha territory. It was a part of the Bombay Presidency until 1950.
Geography and climate
The main geographic feature of the district is the Western Ghats or Sahyadri range, which runs from north to south through the district. Between the Sahyadris and the sea is a narrow coastal strip, known as the Payanghat, which varies from 8 to 24 kilometres (5.0 to 14.9 mi) in width. Behind the coastal plain are flat-topped hills from 60 to 100 meters in height, and behind the hills are the ridges and peaks of the Sahyadris. East of the Sahyadris is the Balaghat upland, part of the vast Deccan plateau. Moisture-bearing winds come from the west, and yearly rainfall averages 3,000 millimetres (120 in) on the coast, and as high as 5,000 millimetres (200 in) on the west-facing slopes of the Sahyadris. East of the crest is the rain shadow of the Sahyadris, which receive as little as 1,000 millimetres (39 in) annually. Much of the rain falls in the June–September monsoon. Four major rivers drain westwards from the crest of the Sahyadris to the sea; from north to south, they are the Kali, Gangawali, Aghanashini, Sharavati. These rivers form numerous waterfalls, The river Aghanashini drops 116 meters, Magod Falls, where the Bedti river plunges 180 meters in two leaps, Shivganga falls, where the river Sonda (Shalmali) drops 74 meters, and Lalguli falls and Mailmane falls on the river Kali. In the lowlands, these rivers form wide estuaries, extending several kilometers inland from the coast.
Ecology
The district's high rainfall supports lush forests, which cover approximately 70% of the district. The Malabar Coast moist forests ecoregion lies in a narrow strip between the Arabian Sea and the foothills of the Western Ghats up to 250 meters elevation. These forests have been almost completely converted to agriculture and teak plantations. The North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests cover the Sahyadris from 250 to 1000 meters elevation. Many trees shed leaves in the drier months. Above 1000 meters elevation lie the evergreen North Western Ghats montane rain forests. Anshi National Park near Dandeli, preserves approximately 250 square kilometres (97 sq mi) of semi-evergreen forest, which is home to the tiger, black panther, leopard cat, gaur, Asian elephant, sambar and a range of birds and reptiles. Dandeli Wildlife Sanctuary protects 834 square kilometres (322 sq mi) of semi-evergreen and bamboo forest in the watershed of the Kali river and its tributaries, the Kaneri and Nagajhari. Wroughton's free-tailed bat (Otomops wroughtoni) is endemic to the forests of Bhimgad Wildlife Sanctuary.
The district is also home to patches of savanna and degraded scrub jungles, which are often the result of overuse for logging or grazing. Much of the lowland has been cleared for agriculture. Mangrove forests can be found in the river estuaries, and the sandy beaches are home to groves of Calophyllum inophyllum, coconut and screw pine (Pandanus). The rocky beaches at Binaga, Arga, Belekeri, Tadadi, Gokarna, Ankola, Kumta, Dhareshwar, Kasarkod, Murdeshwara, Bhatkal and Belke of the district are rich with marine fauna diversity. The beaches at Bhatkal include American Jali Beach, Bahrain Jali Beach, NaStar Beach, Nakhuda Beach, Lighthouse Beach and the rocky Udmudey Beach. The rocky beaches of Uttara Kannada District harbor the invertebrates belonging to the phyla Porifera, Coelenterata, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca and Echinodermata. Attiveri bird sanctuary is home to 79 species of birds including migratory birds from 22 countries.
Dandeli Wildlife Sanctuary is famous for the elusive black panther among other animals like gaur, tiger and leopards. The Kavala caves with their 5 feet (1.5 m). High natural Shiva linga, Synthery rocks is a 500 feet (150 m) high rock flanked by natural caves and waterfalls, Vincholi rapids, Sykes point which offers a view of Kali river, and a suspension bridge are places worth visiting in this sanctuary. Yana is an enchanting place that can be reached by trekking about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) through lush forest. There is also a shrine of Bhairaveshvara here. Anshi National Park located some distance from Dandeli is undisturbed. Burude Falls is about 20 kilometres (12 mi) from Siddapur, Unchalli Falls, Shivagangae, BeeneHolae Fall is about 25 kilometres (16 mi) from Sirsi, Magod Falls and Sathodi Falls near Yellapura are some of the best natural falls in Uttara Kannada District. There are many dams in this district namely Supa Dam, Kodasalli Dam and Kadra Dam. The atomic energy station at Kaiga is on the banks of Kali River (Karnataka).
Economy
Uttara Kannada has a Gross Domestic District Product of 530297 Lakh Crores with Karwar and Sirsi being major contributors.sirsi has the highest per capita income in the district at 54850 followed by karwar at 44326, while Bhatkal and Haliyal have the lowest.
Agriculture
The chief crops of the district are rice and areca nut, along with a great diversity of other crops. Tree crops include coconut, sugarcane, cocoa, cashew, mango, banana, pineapple, garcinia, jack fruit, and sapota; vegetables include onion, radish, cucumber, cauliflower, sweet potato, eggplant (brinjal), and amaranth; spices include pepper, cardamom, ginger and nutmeg. Millet and cotton are grown in the drier portion of the district east of the Western Ghats.
Bhatkal is known for its imported goods markets, which existed even before India's liberalisation.
Commerce and industry
Demographics
Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
---|---|---|
1901 | 454,722 | — |
1911 | 430,755 | −0.54% |
1921 | 401,928 | −0.69% |
1931 | 418,048 | +0.39% |
1941 | 441,388 | +0.54% |
1951 | 518,062 | +1.61% |
1961 | 689,862 | +2.91% |
1971 | 849,453 | +2.10% |
1981 | 1,073,561 | +2.37% |
1991 | 1,220,260 | +1.29% |
2001 | 1,353,644 | +1.04% |
2011 | 1,437,169 | +0.60% |
source: |
According to the 2011 census, Uttara Kannada has a population of 1,437,169, roughly equal to the nation of Eswatini or the US state of Hawaii. This gives it a ranking of 346th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 140 inhabitants per square kilometre (360/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 6.15%. Uttara Kannada has a sex ratio of 975 females for every 1000 males. 29.15% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 8.10% and 2.39% of the population respectively.
Religion
Religion in Uttara Kannada district (2011) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Religion | Percent | |||
Hinduism | 82.61% | |||
Islam | 13.08% | |||
Christianity | 3.10% | |||
Buddhism | 0.89% | |||
Other or not stated | 0.32% |
The population is predominantly Hindu, although a Catholic community has existed here since the 1500s. Muslims are a sizeable minority in Bhatkal Taluk and are majority in Bhatkal City. A small community of Tibetan refugees lives in Mundgod.
Language
Languages in Uttara Kannada district (2011).
Kannada (55.34%) Konkani (18.21%) Urdu (11.83%) Marathi (9.52%) Telugu (1.36%) Others (3.88%)The main language spoken in this district is Kannada, spoken by 55.34%. Other major languages include Konkani at 18.21%, 11.83% Urdu, 9.52% Marathi and 1.36% Telugu. Marathi speakers are mostly located in Joida and Haliyal taluks in the north and Konkani is in majority in Karwar taluk, although it is spoken throughout the district in lesser numbers. Nawayathi is a Konkani dialect spoken by Nawayath Muslims in Bhatkal and surrounding areas.
Kannada is understood by a vast majority of the population of Uttara Kannada, even by the Konkani speaking people; exceptions are the villages in the extreme north of the Karwar taluka such as Sadashivgad, Baval, Majali etc. where the native people do not understand Kannada as Konkani is dominant due to the close proximity of Goa. Kannada dialects spoken in the district include Achchagannada or Halakki Kannada spoken by Halakki Gowdas, Nadavar dialect of kannada spoken by Nadavaru and Havigannada spoken by the Havyakas.
Literacy
Total about 10.8 lakh people in the district are literate, among them about 5.8 lakh are male and about 5 lakh are female. Literacy rate (children under 6 are excluded) of Uttara Kannada is 84%. 90% of male and 78% of female population are literate here. Overall literacy rate in the district has increased by 7%. Male literacy has gone up by 5% and female literacy rate has gone up by 10%.
Rank | Taluk | Literacy |
---|---|---|
1 | Sirsi | 94% |
2 | Karwar | 89% |
3 | Kumta | 87% |
4 | Ankola | 85% |
5 | Siddapur | 85% |
6 | Honnavar | 84% |
7 | Dandeli | 83% |
8 | Bhatkal | 83% |
9 | Yellapur | 81% |
10 | Mundgod | 80% |
11 | Joida | 76% |
12 | Haliyal | 74% |
Culture
Yakshagana is a classical dance drama popular in the state of Karnataka in India mostly popular in the districts of Uttara Kannada. Shimoga, Udupi, Dakshina Kannada and Kasaragod district of Kerala. This theater art involves music, songs, dance, acting, dialogue, story and unique costumes. While songs and dance adhere to well established talas very similar to Indian classical dance forms, acting and dialogues are created spontaneously on stage depending on ability of artists. This combination of classical and folk elements makes yakshagana unique from any other Indian art. This would be considered to be a form of opera in western eyes. Traditionally, yakshaganas use to start late in the night and run entire night. Bagavatha, the background singer is also the directory of the story and controls the entire proceedings on stage. Bagavatha along with background musicians who play chande and maddale forms himmela. The actors who wear colorful costumes and enact various roles in the story forms mummela. There are many professional troops in Karnataka. In spite of competition from modern movie industry and TV, these troops are arranging ticketed shows and making profit. Apart from this individuals arrange shows in their village inviting well known professional artists like Sri Chittani Ramachandra Hegde, Kondadakuli Ramachandra Hegde, Gopal Achari Theerthahalli and Ramesh Bhandari Murur, providing an opportunity for local talents to act with legends. Yakshagana is sometimes simply called as aataā in both Kannada and Khela (Karwari Konkani) Konkani (meaning play). Yaksha-gana literally means the song (gana) of a yaksha. Yakshas were an exotic tribe mentioned in the Sanskrit literature of ancient India. The Nawayath men wears lungis unique to them.
Cuisine
Uttara Kannada is famous for a variety of seafood delicacies. Fish curry and rice is the staple diet of the locals. Cashews and coconut are also extensively used.
The staple diet includes a portion of steamed rice with a vegetable and/or seafood accompaniment. Seafood is immensely popular due to its ease of availability, and is prepared with a lot of local spices. Tea is the most popular beverage and is sometimes supplemented with cardamom or mint to give a distinct flavour.
- Kotte Kadubu: The main ingredients in Kotte Kadubu are jackfruit pulp and jaggery. The batter which is prepared with additional ingredients is put into a container and steamed. This dessert is a local delicacy and is served hot with ghee.
- Holge: These are similar to the sweet equivalents of tortillas. One variant is made with gram flour and jaggery, while the other is made with coconuts.
- Todadevu is a special kind of thin-crust dosa made out of jaggery or sugarcane juice. (Most local desserts of Sirsi have jaggery rather than sugar.)
- Shira: is rice cooked in sugar, ghee, and semolina.
- Karakali: is a special kind of spicy chutney prepared from colocasia leaves.
- Kotte Roti: A form of idli-like preparation, steam cooked in a conical shaped container constructed using jackfruit leaves.
- Patrode: a special dish prepared by steaming stuffed colocasia leaves.
- Neer Dose: A soft thin pancake made of batter of boiled rice, coconut milk and salt.
- Kajmiji
- Koli Kajjaya and Hosagere Kajjaya are made of rice flour and fried in oil is a famous dish often using roti. Often served with thick potato sambar or Nati chicken curry, it is a delicacy among the non-vegetarian communities in Siddapura.
- Banana Buns
- Hanchina Rotti
- Ankola Koli Saaru
- Appe Huli
- Patholi
- Kalali Masala
- Genasle
- Bhatkal Biryani
- Tambli
Transport
Public transport
North West Karnataka Transport Corporation (NWKRTC) is the state transport agency in the district. The NWKRTC covers all towns and villages of the district. There is a good network of public transport which connects the villages to the towns of the district. There are regular intra state services to major cities & towns of the state like Bangalore, Mangalore, Shimoga, Mysore, Hubli-Dharwad and Belgaum. The Kadama Transport buses of neighboring Goa state provides regular service from Karwar to Mangalore and all part of Goa state. Kumta, Bhatkal and Sirsi are the main hubs for public transport which provides services to intra-district and intrastate round the clock.
Many private transport buses also provide services for inter / intra state from the district. Bhatkal is the main sector for private transport in the district. The NH-66 which passes through the district which connects Panvel near Mumbai to Kerala state, many private buses are plying on this Highway which provides inter-intra state services to places like Bombay, Poona, Kolhapore, Belgaum, Panaji, Margao, Udupi, Mangalore, Bangalore, Mysore, Bhatkal, Kasaragod, Cannanore, Calicut etc.
Railways
The following Railways pass through the district:
- Konkan Railway which connects Mangalore and Mumbai via Kumta, Bhatkal, Karwar, Ratnagiri and Panvel.
- Londa to Vasco Railway line which passes through Castle Rock
- Castle rock to Dandeli Railway line.
- Hubli -Ankola railway line is proposed to link Karwar port and the northern Karnataka.
- Honnavar -Talaguppa, Shimoga railway line is proposed to link Karwar port and the central part of Karnataka.
- Sirsi -Haveri railway line is proposed to link Malnad region.
- Sirsi- Siddapur-Talaguppa, Shimoga railway line is proposed to link Shimoga.
- RO-RO (Roll on/Roll off) services is provided by Konkan Railway to / from Ankola railway station to Suratkal Railway station. Many truckers use this facility between Ankola to Mangalore.
Ports
Uttara Kannada being one of the coastal district of the Karnataka state has a coast of 120 kilometres (75 mi) has many ports which are used for sea trade, naval base, fishing and other maritime activities.
- Karwar Port is an intermediate sea port the main activities of this port are berthing of ocean going ships, coastal shipping, and fishing jetty. Ship bunkering facility is also available at Karwar port.
- Karwar Airport will be built by the Indian Navy at Alageri village. Naval air base which is part of the Navy's Rs 10,000 crore Phase 2 of Project Seabird
- INS Kadamba is a naval base at Arga village of Karwar which is used exclusively for berthing of naval vessels. A naval ship repair yard (dry docks) is also attached to it.
- Belkeri Port is an anchorage port.
- Tadri Port is a fishing port.
- Kumta Port is a fishing port.
- Honnavar Port is a fishing port.
- Bhatkal Port is a fishing port. It was actually Project Seabird which is now in Karwar, people protest and proposal for withdrawn. There is another fishing port called Tengingundy Port.
The Proposed Hubli-Ankola railway line can be feasible venture for the future developments of the ports in the district, for movement of the cargo, at present roads are only major mode of cargo movement which leads to congestion of the National Highways of the district.
Nearby airports
Tourist places
Uttara Kannada (North Kanara) has many tourist places which cater to different likes of the people. There are many religious places like Gokarna, Murudeshwar, Idagunji and Ulavi. The district (Jilla) has many beaches at Karwar, Gokarna, Bhavikeri near Ankola, Murdeshwar, Harawada, Kadle beach near Kumta, Handigon. Anshi National Park (Kali Tiger Reserve) is located in Uttara Kannada Jille. The backwaters of dams built across river Kali at Kadra, Thattihalla, Kodasalli, Supa and Bommanahalli provide splendid views in rainy season. There are many waterfalls in Uttar Kannada district Sathodi, Devkar, Emme shirle, Arebail, Benne Hole, U nchalli, Burude, Balepatte to name a few.
Notable personalities
- Dr. Sannappa Parameshwar Gaonkar, Deputy Chief Minister in B. G. Kher's Cabinet of the State of Bombay
- Govindray H. Nayak, Author and Central Sahitya Akademi Award Awardee
- Justice Dr. S. R. Nayak, Chief Justice of Karnataka High Court
- Dr. N. K. Nayak, Professor Emeritus at IIT Bombay
- Gopalkrishna P. Nayak, Drama Writer
- Major Rama Raghoba Rane, Recipient of the Param Vir Chakra
- Ramakrishna Hegde, two-term Chief Minister of Karnataka
- S. M. Yahya, former Finance Minister of Karnataka
- Anant Nag, actor
- Shankar Nag, actor and director
- Yashwant Chittal
- Shantinath Desai
- Chittani Ramachandra Hegde, Yakshagana artist
- Gurudas Kamat, politician
- Kashinath Naik, Commonwealth medalist
- Major Rama Raghoba Rane, Param Veer Chakra Awardee
- Jayshree Gadkar, Marathi movie actress
- Dinakara Desai
- Santosh Naik, Kannada lyrics writer
- Gourish Kaikini, author and teacher
- Narayan Hosmane
- Jayant Kaikini
- Leena Chandavarkar, actress
- Nandan Nilekani, businessman
- Pandari Bai, actress
- Sundar Nadkarni
- Vilas Sarang
- Keremane Shivarama Hegde, Yakshagana artist
- Mynavathi, Kannada Actress
- R N Shetty, industrialist
- Anuradha Paudwal, singer
- Radhika Pandit, actress
- Deepak Gangadhar, Film Producer, Director, Distributor
- K. R. Naik, Businessman founder of D-Link
- M.M. Jalisatgi, activist and politician
References
- https://uttarakannada.nic.in/en/
- ^ "District Census 2011: Uttara Kannada" (PDF). Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. Retrieved 17 February 2012.
- "Report of the commissioner for linguistic minorities in india | page 99" (PDF). minorityaffairs.gov.in.
- Chandra, Subhash (6 December 2020). "A new page: Reviving a piece of history". The New Indian Express.
- Ross E. Dunn; University Ross E Dunn (2005). The Adventures of Ibn Battuta: A Muslim Traveler of the Fourteenth Century. University of California Press. pp. 221–222. ISBN 978-0-520-24385-9.
- "My Reminiscences by Rabindranath Tagore: Ch. 37: Nature's Revenge – Uttara Kannada in Tagore's memoirs". online-literature.com. Retrieved 16 November 2022.
- "Project South Asia". Archived from the original on 20 July 2008. Retrieved 11 August 2009.
- Karnataka Directorate of Economics and Statistics https://des.kar.nic.in/sites/Conference%20Files/3%20Consolidated%20-%20All%20Articles%20-%20GDDP.pdf
- "Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901". censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 16 November 2022.
- ^ "District Census Handbook: Uttara Kannada" (PDF). censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
- US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 1 October 2011.
Swaziland 1,436,847
- "2011 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
Hawaii 1,436,847
- "Table C-01 Population by Religion: Karnataka". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
- ^ "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Karnataka". www.censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
- "Enduring art". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 10 June 2004. Archived from the original on 30 August 2004. Retrieved 6 September 2007.
- "yaksha". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 6 September 2007.
External links
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Tourist places | |
See also |