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			{{Other uses\|Parma (disambiguation)}}
	'''Parma''' is a city in ], ] and is the largest ] of ]. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 85,655.
			{{Use mdy dates\|date=July 2023}}
			{{Infobox settlement
			\| name = Parma, Ohio
			\| settlement_type = ]
			\| image_skyline = Parma, OH - Cleveland Skyline from State Rd.png
			\| image_caption = ]'s skyline from State Road
			\| image_flag = Flag of Parma, Ohio.png
			\| image_seal = Parma_City_Seal.jpg
			\| nickname = The Garden City
			\| motto = "Progress Through Partnerships"
			\| image_map = Cuyahoga County Ohio incorporated and unincorporated areas Parma highlighted.svg
			\| mapsize = 260px
			\| map_caption = Location in Cuyahoga County, Ohio
			\| pushpin_map = Ohio#USA
			\| pushpin_relief = yes
			\| pushpin_label = Parma
			\| coordinates = {{coord\|41\|23\|31\|N\|081\|43\|43\|W\|region:US-OH_type:city\|display=inline,title}}
			\| coordinates_footnotes =
			\| subdivision_type = ]
			\| subdivision_name = United States
			\| subdivision_type1 = ]
			\| subdivision_type2 = ]
			\| subdivision_name1 = ]
			\| subdivision_name2 = ]
			\| established_title = Founded
			\| established_date = 1816
			\| established_title2 = Township
			\| established_date2 = March 7, 1826
			\| established_title3 = Incorporated
			\| established_date3 = December 15, 1924 (village) & January 1, 1931 (city)
			\| named_for = ]<br />''Parma translated refers to a ], such as the one used by ]''
			\| government_type = ]
			\| leader_title = ]
			\| leader_name = ] (D)
			\| area_footnotes = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web\|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory\|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer\|publisher=United States Census Bureau\|access-date=September 20, 2022}}</ref>
			\| area_total_km2 = 51.98
			\| area_total_sq_mi = 20.07
			\| area_land_km2 = 51.86
			\| area_land_sq_mi = 20.02
			\| area_water_km2 = 0.12
			\| area_water_sq_mi = 0.05
			\| area_water_percent =
			\| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis/>
			\| elevation_ft = 863
			\| population_total = 81146
			\| population_as_of = ]
			\| population_footnotes =
			\| population_density_km2 = 1564.74
			\| population_density_sq_mi = 4052.64
			\| population_metro = 2064725 (US: ])
			\| population_demonym = Parmesan, Parmanian
			\| postal_code_type = ]
			\| postal_code = 44129, 44130, 44134
			\| area_code = ] & ]
			\| website = {{URL\|www.cityofparma-oh.gov}}
			\| footnotes =
			\| timezone = ]
			\| utc_offset = -5
			\| timezone_DST = ]
			\| utc_offset_DST = -4
			\| blank_name = ] code
			\| blank_info = {{FIPS\|39\|61000}}
			\| blank1_name = ] feature ID
			\| blank1_info = 1049063<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS\|1049063}}</ref>
			\| unit_pref = Imperial
			\| pop_est_as_of =
			\| pop_est_footnotes =
			\| population_est =
			}}

			'''Parma''' is a city in ], United States. It is a ] located south of ]. As of the ], its population was 81,146. Parma is the ], the largest suburb in the state, and the second-largest city in Cuyahoga County.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.census.gov\|title=U.S. Census website\|access-date=September 13, 2013}}</ref>
	==Demographics==
	As of the ]] of 2000, there were 85,655 people, 35,126 households, and 23,323 families residing in the city. The ] was 1,656.9/km² (4,291.3/mi²). There were 36,414 housing units at an average density of 704.4/km² (1,824.3/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 95.67% ], 1.06% ], 0.14% ], 1.57% ], 0.02% ], 0.45% from ], and 1.09% from two or more races. ] or ] of any race were 1.54% of the population.

			==History==
	There were 35,126 households out of which 27.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.7% were ] living together, 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.6% were non-families. 29.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.99.

			===Greenbriar (1806–1826)===
	In the city the population was spread out with 22.3% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 29.6% from 25 to 44, 21.5% from 45 to 64, and 19.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 91.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.3 males.
			In 1806, the area that would eventually become Parma and ] was originally surveyed by ], a surveyor for the ], and was known as Township 6 - Range 13. This designation gave the town its first identity in the ]. Soon after, Township 6 - Range 13 was commonly referred to as "Greenbriar", supposedly for the rambling bush that grew there. Benajah Fay, his wife Ruth Wilcox Fay, and their ten children, arrivals from ], ], were the first settlers in 1816. It was then that Greenbriar, under a newly organized government seat under ], began attending to its own governmental needs.<ref name="Kubasek 1976 57">{{cite book\|last=Kubasek\|first=Ernest\|title=The History of Parma\|year=1976\|publisher=Ernest R Kubasek and Bernard Survoy\|page=57}}</ref>

			===Parma Township (1826–1924)===
	The median income for a household in the city was $43,920, and the median income for a family was $52,436. Males had a median income of $39,801 versus $27,701 for females. The ] for the city was $21,293. About 3.3% of families and 4.9% of the population were below the ], including 6.6% of those under age 18 and 4.0% of those age 65 or over.
			Self-government started to gain in popularity by the time the new Greenbriar settlement contained twenty householders. However, prior to the establishment of the new township, the name Greenbriar was replaced by the name Parma. This was largely due to Dr. David Long who had recently returned from ] and "impressed with the grandeur and beauty...was reminded of ], Italy and...persuaded the early townspeople that the territory deserved a better name than Greenbriar."<ref>{{cite book\|last=Kubasek\|first=Ernest\|title=The History of Parma\|year=1976\|publisher=Ernest R Kubasek and Bernard Survoy\|page=58}}</ref>

			Thus, on March 7, 1826, a resolution was passed ordering the construction of the new township. It stated,
	With a murder rate of 0.0 per 100,000 residents, Parma ranks as one of the safest cities in the United States with a population between ]

			{{blockquote\|On the petition of sundry inhabitants for a new township to be organized and erected comprising No. 6 in the 13th Range. Ordered that said Township No. 6 in the 13th Range be set off and erected into a new Township by the name of Parma, to be bounded by the original lines of said Township.<ref name="Kubasek 1976 57"/>}}
	==Economy==
	<!-- This section has been under dispute for many months. Although you are free to add useful intermation, do not just revert to the previous edit again and again. Do not re-add that information. -->
	During the population boom between 1950 and 1980, Parma's commercial sector grew to match its residential sector. Since the 1950s, Parma has fostered the growth of many small businesses and been an operating hub for such well-known companies as General Motors, Modern Tool & Die, the Union Carbide Research Center, and Cox Cable Television.
	<ref name="eoc">{{
	cite web
	\|url=http://ech.cwru.edu/ech-cgi/article.pl?id=P3
	\|publisher=Case Western Reserve University
	\|title=Encyclopedia of Cleveland History: Parma
	\|date=June 29, 2003
	}}</ref>

			]
	Located close to the city's town hall is ]. It has recently been overshadowed in size by the neighboring ], which is located south of Parma, in ]. Nevertheless, the area around Parmatown Mall has seen a good deal of development in the recent past. The wide variety of pet stores such as PetSmart, Parma Pets, and RMS Aquaculture indicate the many shopping options currently available to Parma residents within their city. These particular specialty stores have, for example, collectively sold such diverse species of pets as sting rays, basset hounds, eels, and even octopuses.

			On the same day, a public notice was issued to qualified electors by the County Commissioners. They met at the ] on April 3, 1826, to elect township officers according to the law. It was then that the first eleven officers were elected to lead the new government.<ref name="Kubasek 1976 57"/>
	Parma's pet stores also exemplify a trend in Parma's economic history that may parallel that of other cities: the replacement of many of the more traditional, smaller stores by the larger chains. Another example of this trend involves Parma's video stores. Video Theatre, Mr. Z's, Coreno's, and others were familiar places of movie rentals for Parma residents for years. Recently, however, these stores like many of the small pet stores have closed down in Parma, while big chains like Blockbuster currently provide Parma residents with the majority of its video rental options. These visible and physical changes to Parma's economy illustrate how Parma has indeed transformed noticeably from the population and economic boom of the 1950s-1980s, during which time Parma's population soared above 100,000, to the present situation in which Parma's population has declined to just over 80,000.

			During this time, Parma Township remained largely agricultural. The first schoolhouse was a log structure built on the hill at the northern corner of what is now Parma Heights Cemetery. A memorial plate on a stone marks the spot. In 1827, the township was divided into road districts. The ] of today was then known as Town Line Road as well as Independence Road. Ridge Road was known then as Center Road as it cut through the center of town. York Road was then known as York Street as arrivals from the state of New York settled there. Pearl Road then had many names which included Medina Wooster Pike, Wooster Pike, the Cleveland Columbus Road, and the Brighton and Parma Plank Road.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Kubasek\|first=Ernest\|title=The History of Parma\|year=1976\|publisher=Ernest R Kubasek and Bernard Survoy\|page=60}}</ref>
	==Education==
	The City contains 3 public high schools: ], ], and ]. Each school shares a common stadium for football games, also known as Byers Field. The rivalry that exists between these schools is well documented. Normandy High School is located in the South Eastern part of the city, and its population is made up of students from south Parma, and Seven Hills. Valley Forge is located in the South Western portion of the city, and includes students from South Western Parma, as well as Parma Heights. Parma High School is located in the center of the city, and includes students from central and northern Parma.

			]
	The city also is home to a positively recognized private Catholic high school named ]. Founded in 1961 as a school for boys, Padua Franciscan became co-educational in 1983 and is now the largest private, co-educational secondary school in northeast Ohio. Padua has recently embarked on aggressive expansionism. After initiating the "Greening of Padua" program to improve the overall look of the campus, Padua then acquired Camp Cordé - a 15-acre property to be used for Padua's boys and girls soccer programs. Padua's principal rivalry is with ], located in nearby Parma Heights.

			A stone house, built in 1849 and known as the Henninger House, was occupied by several generations of Henningers and is still standing today. The house rests on one of the higher points in Cuyahoga County, which provided visibility for the entire northeastern part of Parma Township. This was also the same site where the Erie Indians, centuries before, stood to read and send fire signals as well as pray to their spirits.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Kubasek\|first=Ernest\|title=The History of Parma\|year=1976\|publisher=Ernest R Kubasek and Bernard Survoy\|page=64}}</ref>
	==Famous Parmans==

			By 1850, the US census listed Parma Township's population at 1,329.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Kubasek\|first=Ernest\|title=The History of Parma\|year=1976\|publisher=Ernest R Kubasek and Bernard Survoy\|page=70}}</ref> However, the rising population of the township had slowed over the decades. The Civil War affected Parma much as it did other towns and villages in the nation. Three out of four homes sent a father, sons, or sometimes both, to fight in the war. By 1910, the population of the township had increased to 1,631.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Kubasek\|first=Ernest\|title=The History of Parma\|year=1976\|publisher=Ernest R Kubasek and Bernard Survoy\|page=74}}</ref>
	*Hector Boiardi, better known as ], died in Parma in 1985.

	*] Actor, Comedian
			In 1911, ], due to the temperance mood of the day, separated itself from the Parma Township after by a vote of 42 to 32 and was incorporated as a village comprising 4.13 square miles.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Kubasek\|first=Ernest\|title=The History of Parma\|year=1976\|publisher=Ernest R Kubasek and Bernard Survoy\|page=93}}</ref>
	*] Actor, graduate of ]

	*] NHL, Columbus Blue Jackets
			: "A main reason for establishing the village of Parma Heights was to get a town marshal...There is one saloon in the territory...some pretty rough crowds Sundays have disturbed the quiet of the neighborhood...wanted it closed on Sundays. To do this they wished a town marshal. They couldn't have a town marshal without becoming a village, so they became one."<ref>{{cite news\|title=Black Eye Wins as Vote Getter\|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/iw-search/we/HistArchive?p_theme=ahnpdoc&p_action=doc&p_product=EANX&p_nbid=T5FU60KTMTM4Njc4MDMyNS4zNzM1OTg6MToxMzoyMDUuMjI3LjkwLjI2&f_docref=image/v2:122AFBBA107AC9E4@EANX-125DD8E494D00D3D@2419232-125AE1D100DD4ADA@7-138DBC91D9DA6A16@Black%20Eye%20Wins%20As%20Vote%20Getter%20Beating%20by%20Rowdies%20Carries%20Election%20and%20Carves%20Out%20New&p_docref=image/v2:122AFBBA107AC9E4@EANX-125DD8E494D00D3D@2419232-125AE1D100DD4ADA@7-138DBC91D9DA6A16@Black%20Eye%20Wins%20As%20Vote%20Getter%20Beating%20by%20Rowdies%20Carries%20Election%20and%20Carves%20Out%20New&p_docnum=-1\|access-date=December 11, 2013\|newspaper=Plain Dealer\|date=July 14, 1911}}</ref>
	*] NHL, Prospect of Colorado Avalanche

	*], NASA astronaut
			===The Village of Parma (1924–1930)===
	*] NHL, Buffalo Sabres
			By 1920, the US census showed Parma Township had a population of just 2,345, but the following decade proved to be a time of significant growth and development for Parma. It was in the 1920s that Parma Township transformed from a farming community into a village. On December 15, 1924, Parma was incorporated as a village.
	*] Actor, (Silence of the Lambs, The Mangler, ])

	*] Professional Wrestler
			The largest and fastest growing development of that time was H. A. Stahl's Ridgewood Gardens development, which started in 1919, continued through the 1920s, and into the 1930s.<ref>{{cite news\|title=From Green Fields to City Streets\|newspaper=Cleveland Plain Dealer\|date=September 2, 1926}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|title=Real Estate Has Made Many Rich in City\|newspaper=Cleveland Plain Dealer\|date=April 13, 1919}}</ref> A resident of ], Ohio's first ], H. A. Stahl developed Ridgewood as an ambitious "model village" project patterned along the lines of and rivaling the earlier Shaker Heights project with "churches, schools, motion picture theater, community house, and other features forming a part of all well-developed residence communities".<ref>{{cite news\|title=Thousand Acres In Latest Plot\|newspaper=Cleveland Plain Dealer\|date=April 30, 1921}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|title=Ridgewood - The New Home Community\|newspaper=Cleveland Plain Dealer\|date=July 4, 1920}}</ref> Ridgewood was designed and marketed as a ] on 1,000 acres of land to accommodate about 40,000 residents "325 feet above Lake Erie, in the healthiest section of the South Side, free from the smoke of industries, or the congestion and noises of sections nearer the Public Square."<ref>{{cite news\|title=Ridgewood - The New Home Community\|newspaper=Cleveland Plain Dealer\|date=July 11, 1920}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|last=Horley\|first=Robert\|title=The Best Kept Secrets of Parma, "The Garden City"\|year=1998\|publisher=Robert Horley\|isbn=0-9661721-0-8}}</ref>
	* Professional Baseball Player

	*] Actor (Ferris Bueller's Day Off, Spin City), graduate of Parma High
			===The City of Parma (1931–present)===
	*] (starting pitcher for the Cleveland Indians in the 1950s -- he ran "Big Bear Cleaners" in Parma, Ohio)
			On January 1, 1931, Parma became a city with a population of 13,899. Whereas the incorporation of the village of Parma was met with much optimism, the newly established city of Parma faced the uncertainty of the Great Depression which had almost entirely stopped its growth.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Kubasek\|first=Ernest\|title=The History of Parma\|year=1976\|publisher=Ernest R Kubasek and Bernard Survoy\|page=137}}</ref> Money was scarce, tax income was limited, and some began to talk of annexation of both the city and school district to Cleveland. Both annexation issues, however, were soundly defeated as Parma voters overwhelmingly voted against them and silenced proponents of annexation.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Kubasek\|first=Ernest\|title=The History of Parma\|year=1976\|publisher=Ernest R Kubasek and Bernard Survoy\|page=142}}</ref> Not long after this, Parma was once again solvent due in large part to the newly created ], a 1936 Ohio law that aided cities threatened with bankruptcy<ref>{{Cite web\|date=May 11, 2018\|title=Kuth, Byron D.\|url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/k/kuth-byron-d\|access-date=September 21, 2020\|website=Encyclopedia of Cleveland History \|publisher=Case Western Reserve University\|language=en}}</ref> and the determination of Parma's Auditor, Sam Nowlin.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Kubasek\|first=Ernest\|title=The History of Parma\|year=1976\|publisher=Ernest R Kubasek and Bernard Survoy\|page=146}}</ref> By 1941, a building boom appeared to be underway in Parma just as the United States was about to enter ].<ref>{{cite book\|last=Kubasek\|first=Ernest\|title=The History of Parma\|year=1976\|publisher=Ernest R Kubasek and Bernard Survoy\|page=153}}</ref>
	*] American Astronaut (Apollo 13 mission) (a native of Cleveland, he spent part of his youth on Parma's north side)

	*] Automotive pioneer lived in Parma as a boy from 1874 to 1878.
			After ], Parma once again began to experience tremendous growth as young families began moving from Cleveland into the suburbs. Between 1950 and 1960, Parma's population soared from 28,897 to 82,845. By 1956, Parma was unchallenged as the fastest growing city in the United States.<ref>{{cite news \| url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info%3Asid%2Fiw.newsbank.com%3AEANX&rft_val_format=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&rft_dat=1276A08771D9F94B&svc_dat=HistArchive%3Aahnpdoc&req_dat=0FDEC62F6DF22455 \| date=January 4, 1956 \| title=Archived copy \| access-date=October 10, 2018 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110080330/http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004 \| archive-date=November 10, 2013 \| url-status=dead }}</ref> The population peaked in 1970 at 100,216.<ref name="Census Of Population And Housing">{{cite web\|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html\|title=Census Of Population And Housing\|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau\|access-date=September 13, 2013}}</ref>
	*] Standard Oil tycoon & one of the world's richest men ever (when Dr. William Rockefeller left the state of New York for Ohio in 1853, he settled in the area of Pearl & Whitney Roads in Strongsville. Rockefeller was a medicine man who traveled the state. He moved from the Strongsville area to Parma Township in 1854, establishing a base for his oldest son John D., who would become known as the richest man in the world through his involvement with Standard Oil which he formed in 1870.){{fact}}

			In 2016, Parma's population had declined to 81,601, though it remains one of the Cleveland area's top three destinations young adults (aged 22 to 34) are increasingly choosing as a place to live, along with Lakewood and downtown Cleveland<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.cleveland.com/business/index.ssf/2013/01/clevelands_urban_scene_gets_a.html\|title=Cleveland's urban scene gets a boost from young adults moving in \|date=January 21, 2013 \|first1=Robert L. \|last1=Smith \|newspaper= The Plain Dealer\|location=Cleveland, Ohio\|via=cleveland.com \|access-date=September 5, 2016}}</ref> and in 2016 was recognized by Businessweek as one of the best places to raise kids in Ohio.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/businessweek\|title=Businessweek - Bloomberg\|website=]\|access-date=September 5, 2016}}</ref>

	==Geography==		==Geography==
			Parma is southwest of ]; it is bounded by ] and ] on the north, ], and ] on the east, ] and ] on the south, and ], ], and ] on the west.
	]

			According to the ], the city has a total area of {{convert\|20.07\|sqmi\|sqkm\|2}}, of which {{convert\|20.02\|sqmi\|sqkm\|2}} is land and {{convert\|0.05\|sqmi\|sqkm\|2}} is water.<ref name="Gazetteer files">{{cite web \|title=US Gazetteer files 2010 \|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt \|publisher=] \|access-date=January 6, 2013 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125061959/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt \|archive-date=January 25, 2012 }}</ref>
	Parma is located at {{coor dms\|41\|23\|31\|N\|81\|43\|43\|W\|city}} (41.391852, -81.728502)].

			Two major changes and developments have recently occurred regarding two principal sites within the city:
	According to the ], the city has a total area of 51.7 ] (20.0 ]). 51.7 km² (20.0 mi²) of it is land and 0.1 km² (0.04 mi²) of it is water.
			#The West Creek Preservation Agency has worked to preserve various historic and natural sites in the city, including the Henninger House and the West Creek Watershed.<ref></ref>
			#Henninger House, built in 1849 and the oldest standing home in Parma, is planned to be part of the proposed Quarry Creek Historic District.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.tpl.org/tier3_cd.cfm?content_item_id=11500&folder_id=251\|title=Historic Henninger House Saved (OH)\|access-date=August 9, 2006\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927013301/http://www.tpl.org/tier3_cd.cfm?content_item_id=11500&folder_id=251\|archive-date=September 27, 2007\|url-status=dead}}</ref>

			===Surrounding communities===
	Recently, the West Creek Preservation Agency has worked to preserve various historic and natural sites in the city, including the Henninger House and the West Creek Watershed. Henninger House, the oldest home in Parma, which was built in 1849, is planned to be part of the proposed Quarry Creek Historic District.
			Parma is bounded by ] and ] on the north, ], and ] on the east, ] and ] on the south, and ], ], and ] on the west.

	==~~History~~==		==Demographics==
			{{US Census population

			\|1930= 13899
	Parma is an incorporated city southwest of Cleveland. It is bounded by Cleveland and Brooklyn on the north, Brooklyn Heights. and Seven Hills on the east, North Royalton and Broadview Heights on the south, and Brook Park, Middleburg Heights, and Parma Heights, on the west. Parma was originally part of Parma Township, created in 1826. The first settlers were the Benaiah Fay family from New York State, who settled along the Cleveland-Columbus Road in 1816. The name was taken from Parma, New York, where it was probably derived from the early-19th century fascination with classical Italy. During the 19th century, Parma remained largely agricultural. In 1912, a portion of the township seceded to form the village of Parma Heights. In 1924, Parma was incorporated as a village, and in 1926 it adopted the mayor-council form of government. In 1931 a proposition to annex it to the city of Cleveland was defeated, and Parma became a city. Parma's tremendous growth came after World War II as young families began moving from Cleveland into the Suburbs. During the Cold War, Parma's Nike Site Park housed ]s located in underground silos. Between 1950 and 1980, Parma's population soared from less than 20,000 to more than 110,000. <ref>Kubasek, Ernest R., The History of Parma (1976). Parma Chamber of Commerce, Parma (1984). Parma Sesquicentennial, 1826-1976</ref>
			\|1940= 16365
			\|1950= 28897
			\|1960= 82845
			\|1970= 100216
			\|1980= 92548
			\|1990= 87876
			\|2000= 85655
			\|2010= 81601
			\|2020= 81146
			\|align-fn=center
			\|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html\|title=Census of Population and Housing\|author=United States Census Bureau\|author-link=United States Census Bureau\|access-date=December 2, 2014}}</ref>
			}}
			In 2013, Parma formed a sister-city relationship with ]<ref>{{cite web\|last=Sandrick\|first=Bob\|title=Parma forms sister-city relationship with Lviv in Ukraine\|date=July 16, 2013\|url=http://www.cleveland.com/parma/index.ssf/2013/07/parma_forms_sister-city_relati.html\|access-date=April 16, 2014}}</ref> and is home to Ohio's largest Ukrainian community, the majority of whom are foreign born, with more than twice the number of any other city.<ref>{{cite web\|last=Exner\|first=Rich\|title=Parma is home to Ohio's largest Ukrainian community\|date=March 5, 2014\|url=http://www.cleveland.com/datacentral/index.ssf/2014/03/parma_is_home_to_ohios_largest.html\|access-date=April 16, 2014}}</ref>

			Parma is the seat of the ], which was established by ] in 1983.
	Nevertheless, Parma's national image has been marred by three incidents:

			===2020 census===
	1. Such major newspapers as The New York Times covered allegations from the 1970s onwards that Parma's government worked to resist racial integration. Former Parma City Council President Kenneth Kuczma famously said, ''I do not want Negroes in the city of Parma,'' and even federal courts ruled on the matter.<ref> URL Accessed ], ]</ref>
			According to the ], Parma had a population of 81,146. Of which, 82.3% were non-Hispanic White, 6.8% were Hispanic/Latino, 4.0% were non-Hispanic Black, 2.5% were Asian, 4.4% were mixed or other.<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Parma%20city,%20ohio&y=2020&d=DEC%20Redistricting%20Data%20%28PL%2094-171%29&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2 \| title=Explore Census Data }}</ref>

			{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
	2. In 2003, Parma made national news after a 345-kV transmission line failed in the city due to a tree, which played a significant role in the early stages of the ].
			\|+'''Parma, Ohio – Racial and ethnic composition'''<br><small>{{nobold\|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}</small>
			!Race / Ethnicity <small>(''NH = Non-Hispanic'')</small>
			!Pop 2000<ref name=2000CensusP004>{{Cite web\|title=P004 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Parma city, Ohio\|url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=p004&g=160XX00US3961000&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.P004\|website=]}}</ref>
			!Pop 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web\|title=P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Parma city, Ohio\|url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US3961000&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2\|website=]}}</ref>
			!{{partial\|Pop 2020}}<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web\|title=P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Parma city, Ohio\|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US3961000&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2\|website=]}}</ref>
			!% 2000
			!% 2010
			!{{partial\|% 2020}}
			\|-
			\|] alone (NH)
			\|81,102
			\|74,186
			\|style='background: #ffffe6; \|66,785
			\|94.68%
			\|90.91%
			\|style='background: #ffffe6; \|82.30%
			\|-
			\|] alone (NH)
			\|901
			\|1,797
			\|style='background: #ffffe6; \|3,271
			\|1.05%
			\|2.20%
			\|style='background: #ffffe6; \|4.03%
			\|-
			\|] or ] alone (NH)
			\|110
			\|121
			\|style='background: #ffffe6; \|140
			\|0.13%
			\|0.15%
			\|style='background: #ffffe6; \|0.17%
			\|-
			\|] alone (NH)
			\|1,346
			\|1,497
			\|style='background: #ffffe6; \|2,027
			\|1.57%
			\|1.83%
			\|style='background: #ffffe6; \|2.50%
			\|-
			\|] alone (NH)
			\|13
			\|11
			\|style='background: #ffffe6; \|8
			\|0.02%
			\|0.01%
			\|style='background: #ffffe6; \|0.01%
			\|-
			\|] alone (NH)
			\|50
			\|54
			\|style='background: #ffffe6; \|257
			\|0.06%
			\|0.07%
			\|style='background: #ffffe6; \|0.32%
			\|-
			\|] (NH)
			\|810
			\|1,020
			\|style='background: #ffffe6; \|3,094
			\|0.95%
			\|1.25%
			\|style='background: #ffffe6; \|3.81%
			\|-
			\|] (any race)
			\|1,323
			\|2,915
			\|style='background: #ffffe6; \|5,564
			\|1.54%
			\|3.57%
			\|style='background: #ffffe6; \|6.86%
			\|-
			\|'''Total'''
			\|'''85,655'''
			\|'''81,601'''
			\|style='background: #ffffe6; \|'''81,146'''
			\|'''100.00%'''
			\|'''100.00%'''
			\|style='background: #ffffe6; \|'''100.00%'''
			\|}

			===2010 census===
	3. More recently Parma has been plagued by negative press in the local media as a result of perhaps widespread political corruption associated with a group of politicians known as "the Good Old Boys" or the "Parma Machine." The larger conflict between the police and city government has some of its origins from an on-and-off investigation into whether or not former Councilman John Stover stole "files from another council member's briefcase" in 2000. The incident, which has been referred to as "Filegate" by local and regional media sources, has thus far had inconclusive results, but many residents and outside observers have interpreted the escalation in tensions between the police department and city government as one of reprisals and counter-reprisals of which "Filegate" may serve as an early salvo.
			As of the ],<ref name="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web \| title = U.S. Census website \| url = https://www.census.gov \| publisher = ] \| access-date = January 6, 2013}}</ref> there were 81,601 people, 34,489 households, and 21,646 families residing in the city. The ] was {{convert\|4076.0\|PD/sqmi\|PD/km2\|1}}. There were 36,608 housing units at an average density of {{convert\|1828.6\|/sqmi\|/km2\|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 93.0% ], 2.3% ], 0.2% ], 1.9% ], 1.0% from ], and 1.6% from two or more races. ] or ] of any race were 3.6% of the population. According to the ],<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_DP02&prodType=table\|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212212624/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_DP02&prodType=table\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=February 12, 2020\|title=American FactFinder - Results\|publisher=United States Census Bureau\|website=factfinder2.census.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_5YR_B04003&prodType=table\|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150302012456/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_5YR_B04003&prodType=table\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=March 2, 2015\|title=American FactFinder - Results\|publisher=United States Census Bureau\|website=factfinder2.census.gov}}</ref> 22.5% were of ] ancestry, 17.6% ], 14.8% ], 13.8% ], 7.4% ], 6.7% ], 5.3% ], 2.6% ], 2.2% ], 1.9% ], 1.4% ], and 1.2% of ], ], or ] ancestries. In regard to languages spoken, 87.03% spoke ], 2.26% ], 1.68% ], 1.27% ], 1.24% ], and 1.18% ] as their first language.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.mla.org/map_data_results&state_id=39&place_id=61000&cty_id=\|title=Data Center Results\|access-date=September 5, 2016}}</ref>

			There were 34,489 households, of which 27.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.7% were ] living together, 12.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.2% were non-families. 31.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.95.
	Those who believe in the existence of a Parma political machine led by Prosecutor Bill Mason contend that in order to distract from their own suspect activities, "Good Old Boy" politicians apparently concocted a "Witch Hunt" that wrongfully scapegoated innocent police officers. Ultimately, investigator Dick DiCicco wrote in his official reporter that there “was no evidence presented to” substantiate “the allegation that officers were taking turns calling in sick in order that other officers could earn overtime to maintain minimums,” “there was no actual duplicate billing” concerning officers Kuchler and Robertson as indicated in The Plain Dealer articles, and based “on the review of the above activity no specific pattern of reciprocity was detected” on the part of Officer Mekruit. On page B2 of The Plain Dealer, Joe Wagner quoted Prosecutor Michael Nolan as reportedly declaring that Mayor DePiero and Council President Germana removed the “police tax request from May 3 ballot . . . ‘as an excuse for, apparently, their own inaction.’”

			The median age in the city was 41.5 years. 20.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.7% were from 25 to 44; 27.7% were from 45 to 64; and 17.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.1% male and 51.9% female.
	Further revelations about the "Witch Hunt" (also referred to as the "Blue Scare"), as found in such newspaper articles as "Report clears Parma police in payroll-padding probe," and including the highly questionable retroactive appointment of a special prosecutor who had been prosecuting (in violation of the Ohio Revised Code) select police union representatives who had raised concerns about possible political corruption, has led to calls for the resignations of many members of the current mayoral administration and city council. On March 11, 2005, The ''Plain Dealer'' quoted Councilwoman Stys who summed up the investigation as a “sham.” Statements uttered by the mayor in the local newspaper in 2003 that "heads will roll" along with the press report of an email sent to the mayor by one of his top advisers who referred to Parma as a "fiefdom" and himself as a “samurai” has further fanned the fires of distrust amongst residents for anyone responsible for the costly misadventure that to many has seemingly ruined Parma's image. The long-term consequences of the crisis, which lasted for nearly four years (2003-2006) is yet to be seen.

	==~~Mayors~~==		===Income===
			The median income for a household in the city was $50,198, the median income for a family was $60,696 and the mean income for a family was $68,828. The ] for the city was $25,064. The poverty rate in the city was 10.2%. This was low in comparison to other large Ohio cities as well as the state's individual poverty rate of 15.4%.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/39/3961000.html\|title=Population estimates, July 1, 2015, (V2015)\|access-date=September 5, 2016\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905060349/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/39/3961000.html\|archive-date=September 5, 2015}}</ref><ref></ref>

			===Safety===
	<table>
			In 2014, Parma ranked as the third safest city in the United States with a population of 25,000 or more by Neighborhood Scout.<ref>{{cite web\|title=Top 100 Safest Cities in the U.S. 2014\|url=http://www.neighborhoodscout.com/neighborhoods/crime-rates/top100safest/\|work=Neighborhood Scout ®\|access-date=January 12, 2014}}</ref> In 2014, Parma had a crime index of 90 meaning it was safer than 90% of cities in the United States.<ref>{{cite web\|title=Crime rates for Parma, OH\|url=http://www.neighborhoodscout.com/oh/parma/crime/\|work=Neighborhood Scout ®\|access-date=February 29, 2016}}</ref>
	<tr><td>Frank D. Johnson</td><td>1928 – 1933</td></tr>
	<tr><td>Anthony A. Fleger</td><td>1934 - 1935</td></tr>
	<tr><td>Roland E. Reichert</td><td>1936 - 1942</td></tr>
	<tr><td>Sylvester Augustine</td><td>1942 - 1945</td></tr>
	<tr><td>Roland E. Reichert</td><td>1946 - 1949</td></tr>
	<tr><td>Lawrence Stary</td><td>1950 – 1951</td></tr>
	<tr><td>Stephen A. Zona</td><td>1952 - 1957</td></tr>
	<tr><td>Joseph W. Kadar</td><td>1958 – 1959</td></tr>
	<tr><td>Sylvester Augustine</td><td>1960 – 1961</td></tr>
	<tr><td>John Bobko</td><td>1961</td></tr>
	<tr><td>James W. Day</td><td>1962 – 1967</td></tr>
	<tr><td>John Petruska</td><td>1967 – 1987</td></tr>
	<tr><td>Michael A. Ries</td><td>1988 – 1994</td></tr>
	<tr><td>Gerald M. Boldt</td><td>1994 – 2003</td></tr>
	<tr><td>Dean DePiero</td><td>2004 – present</td></tr>
	</table>

			==Economy==
	==References in Popular Culture==
			] ]]

			During the population boom between 1950 and 1980, Parma's commercial sector grew to match its residential sector. Since the 1950s, Parma has fostered the growth of many small businesses and been an operating hub for companies including ], ], and formerly, the ] Research Center.<ref name="eoc">{{cite web \| url= http://ech.cwru.edu/ech-cgi/article.pl?id=P3 \| publisher = Case Western Reserve University \| title = Encyclopedia of Cleveland History: Parma \| date = June 29, 2003}}</ref>
	*Parma was, throughout the 1960's and 1970's, the butt of jokes by local movie show hosts ], ], and ], due to its white suburbanite makeup. Ghoulardi famously made a series of shorts called "Parma Place."

			], formerly Parmatown Mall, is a commercial shopping district that totals approximately 800,000 square feet. It is located approximately 3 miles south of Cleveland's southern border at the southwest corner of Ridge Road and West Ridgewood Drive in central Cuyahoga County. It is anchored by ], ], ] and ]. The mall opened as a shopping plaza in 1956 and was enclosed in the mid-1960s.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.phillipsedison.com/properties/all/sif/all/parmatown-mall/ \|title=Parmatown Mall \|website=www.phillipsedison.com \|access-date=February 3, 2022 \|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130913214905/http://www.phillipsedison.com/properties/all/sif/all/parmatown-mall/ \|archive-date=September 13, 2013 \|url-status=dead}}</ref>
	*]'s theme song, , references Parma and many of Cleveland's suburbs.

			The Ukrainian Village commercial district is located along State Road between Tuxedo Avenue and Grantwood Drive. This district was designated Ukrainian Village in September 2009.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.facebook.com/UkrainianVillage/info/\|title=Ukrainian Village In Parma Ohio - About - Facebook\|website=]\|access-date=September 5, 2016}}</ref> It hosts the Ukrainian Independence Day parade (August).<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.cleveland.com/parma/index.ssf/2013/08/parmas_ukrainian_village_will.html\|title=Parma's Ukrainian Village will commemorate Ukrainian Independence Day with parade, festival on Saturday\|date=August 20, 2013\|access-date=September 5, 2016}}</ref>
	==References==
	<references/>

			The Polish Village commercial district is located along Ridge Road between Pearl Road and Thornton Avenue. This district was designated Polish Village on May 1, 2011.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.facebook.com/PolishVillage/info\|title=Polish Village In Parma Ohio - About - Facebook\|website=]\|access-date=September 5, 2016}}</ref> It features a large number of small, family-owned businesses and medical offices.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.polishvillageparma.com/business-directory/\|title=Polish Village Business Directory - Polish Village In Parma Ohio\|access-date=September 5, 2016}}</ref> This area also hosts the Polish Constitution Day parade (May), St. Charles Carnival parade (July), Independence Day parade (July), and Christmas parade (December).<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://blog.cleveland.com/pdmultimedia/2013/05/slideshow_parma_shines_in_sunn.html\|title=Slideshow: Parma shines in sunny 65th annual Polish Constitution Day parade\|date=May 6, 2013\|access-date=September 5, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.cleveland.com/parma/index.ssf/2013/06/st_charles_in_parma_prepares_f.html\|title=St. Charles in Parma prepares for its annual parade and carnival\|date=June 27, 2013\|access-date=September 5, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.cleveland.com/parma/index.ssf/2013/07/fourth-of-july_parade_on_ridge.html\|title=Fourth-of-July parade on Ridge Road in Parma draws huge crowd: GALLERY\|date=July 12, 2013\|access-date=September 5, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.cleveland.com/parma/index.ssf/2012/12/parma_has_annual_christmas_par.html\|title=Parma has annual Christmas parade\|date=December 7, 2012\|access-date=September 5, 2016}}</ref>
	References for Nike missiles in Parma:

			==Education==
	*
			]]]
	*

			The ] serves Parma, ] and ]. The District's sports stadium is Byers Field. All three high schools play golf at Ridgewood for their home course. The rivalry that exists between these schools is well documented.<ref name="article"> {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928230342/http://www.parmacityschools.org/imagesonline/02062006.cfm#DistrictNews\|date=September 28, 2007}}; {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930094524/http://gridirongazette.net/East_West.htm\|date=September 30, 2007}}; {{cite web \|title=Normandy vs. Valley Forge -- September 3rd, 2004 \|url=http://invaderfootball.com/history/2004season/vf/ \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071118172422/http://invaderfootball.com/history/2004season/vf/ \|archive-date=November 18, 2007 \|access-date=March 12, 2016 \|quote=Normandy was {{sic\|upsetted\|nolink=y}} last week against Parma. Over the years, a second rivalry has formed between Valley Forge & Normandy, the battle of Parma, a battle that would determine the better team}}</ref> The school district has six elementary schools, three middle schools, and two high schools: ] and ]. The former ] operated from 1953 to 2023.<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Kosich \|first1=John \|title=Parma Senior High School and 2 elementary schools closing at end of 2022-23 school year \|url=https://www.news5cleveland.com/news/local-news/oh-cuyahoga/parma-senior-high-school-and-2-elementary-schools-closing-at-end-of-2022-23-school-year \|access-date=22 October 2022 \|work=News 5 Cleveland \|date=10 June 2022}}</ref>
	References for presevation efforts:

			Constellation Schools: Parma Community public charter schools includes two elementary schools, one middle school and one high school.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://www.constellationschools.com/EZ_Dept_Menu.aspx?d=18 \|title=Constellation Schools.Parma Community Elementary Front Page \|access-date=September 23, 2013 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015212647/http://www.constellationschools.com/EZ_Dept_Menu.aspx?d=18 \|archive-date=October 15, 2013 \|url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://www.constellationschools.com/EZ_Dept_Menu.aspx?d=19 \|title=Constellation Schools.Parma Community Middle Front Page \|access-date=September 23, 2013 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015212652/http://www.constellationschools.com/EZ_Dept_Menu.aspx?d=19 \|archive-date=October 15, 2013 \|url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://www.constellationschools.com/EZ_Dept_Menu.aspx?d=20 \|title=Constellation Schools.Parma Community High Front Page \|access-date=September 23, 2013 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015212507/http://www.constellationschools.com/EZ_Dept_Menu.aspx?d=20 \|archive-date=October 15, 2013 \|url-status=dead }}</ref>
	*
	*

			Parma has eight private primary schools and the private ].
	References for the Good Old Boys/Parma Machine:

			] and ] have campuses in Parma.
	*
	*
	*

			==Transportation==
	Reference for Filegate:
			Parma's major north–south roads, in order from west to east, are:
			* West 130th Street, which forms part of the western border of Parma,
			* Chevrolet Boulevard/Stumph Road/York Road,
			* Ridge Road (]),
			* West 54th Street
			* State Road (]),
			* Broadview Road (]), which forms part of the eastern boundary of Parma. The State Route 176 designation continues northward via the ], connecting Parma to downtown Cleveland.

			Its major east–west roads, in order from north to south, are:
	* - article cites "Filegate" twice
			* ], running just north of Parma's northern border,
			* Brookpark Road (]), forming Parma's northern border with Cleveland,
			* Snow Road,
			* West Ridgewood Drive,
			* West Pleasant Valley Road, and
			* Sprague Road, which forms the southern border of Parma.

			Also, Pearl Road (]) runs from southwest to northeast through northern Parma for less than two miles (3 km).
	References for the Witch Hunt:

			The speed limit is 35 mph on most major thoroughfares in Parma. The exception is in business zones which have 25 mph speed limit.
	* -- Original version.
	* -- Published version.
	*
	*

			Public transportation in Parma includes bus routes operated by the ], which serves the city of Cleveland and Cuyahoga County suburbs.<ref>{{cite web \| title = RTA 2010-2011 System Map \| publisher = Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority \| url = http://www.riderta.com/pdf/maps/System_Map_Main.pdf \| access-date = February 15, 2012}}</ref>
	References for Mayors:

			==Notable people==
	*
			*], ], ] and ]
	*Most of the list of mayors came from the city.
			* ], Wisconsin State Assemblyman <ref>'Wisconsin Blue Book 1899,' Biographical Sketch of Jeremiah Wallace Baldock, pg. 764</ref>
			* ], graphic designer
			* ], better known as ], died in Parma in 1985.
			* ], Curator of ] at the ]
			* ], football coach at ].
			* ], state representative
			* ], ] player, ], ] and ]
			* ], CEO of the white supremacist National Alliance, also professional boxer
			* ], NASA astronaut
			* ], NHL, Buffalo Sabres
			* ], umpire in ]
			* ], ] member of the ]
			* ], actor
			*], author and educator
			* ], actor
			* ], NASA Astronaut (], ], ] and ] missions)
			* ], television producer, filmmaker, and actor.
			* ], actor and professional wrestler known under the ring name '''The Miz'''
			* ], professional baseball player
			* ], goaltender for the ] of the ].
			* ], automotive pioneer<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~dano/robtolds_desc.pdf#search=%22ransom%20olds%20parma%22\|title=Robert Olds of Windsor and Suffield, CT and his descendants}}</ref>
			*] (Orzechowski), best known as co-lead singer and bassist for ].
			* ], conductor, violinist and composer; music director of the South Arkansas Symphony; concertmaster of the ]<ref>. Retrieved February 1, 2011.</ref>
			* ], guitarist, songwriter and record producer
			* ], actor (''Ferris Bueller's Day Off'', ''Spin City'')

			==In popular culture==
	==External links==
			===Moon Over Parma===
	*
			In the late 1980s, Bob McGuire penned a song entitled "Moon Over Parma", about an eccentric courtship that traverses the various suburbs of Cleveland. The song first received wide exposure on '']'' during its "New Talent Time" segment. Though McGuire was given the ], McGuire's song was offered for free, in the form of ], to those who wrote to the show requesting a copy.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h8bVqPWKyd8\| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/h8bVqPWKyd8\| archive-date=December 11, 2021 \| url-status=live\|title=Moon Over Parma - Bob McGuire\|website=]\| date=May 2013\|access-date=September 5, 2016}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
	*
	*
	*
	*
	* This forum is now separate from the one currently linked off of the Parma-OH.com website, although this forum is still active.
	* The handiest local reference guide available for the Parma, Ohio area. Updated daily.

			'']''’s opening credits of its first season consisted of a caricature of ] — consisting of his face and a yellow tie — singing "Moon Over Parma" with an abridgment and some minor lyrical changes.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZV2NX1kabEg\| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/ZV2NX1kabEg\| archive-date=December 11, 2021 \| url-status=live\|title=Moon Over Parma\|last=Eskayem2\|date=May 13, 2011\|access-date=September 5, 2016\|via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
	{{Mapit-US-cityscale\|41.391852\|-81.728502}}

			===Parma Place===
	==Cleveland Suburb Finder==
			Occasionally, during the 1960s and 1970s, Parma was the target of light-hearted jabs by local movie show hosts ], ], ], and ], due to its central European image promoted by the friendly rivalry between Ernie "Ghoulardi" Anderson and "Big Chuck" Schodowski and contrary to actual demographics. Ghoulardi, the horror host of late night Shock Theater at WJW-TV, Channel 8, in Cleveland from January 13, 1963, through December 16, 1966, made a series of shorts called "Parma Place" and focused on an alleged love of white socks, ], ], ], ] and the ].<ref>{{cite book \|title=Ghoulardi: inside Cleveland TV's wildest ride \|first=Tom \|last=Feran \|author2=R.D. Heldenfels \|year=1997 \|publisher=Gray & Company \|isbn=1-886228-18-3 }}</ref>
	<br>
	<table width = 75% border = 2 align="center">
	<tr><td width = 35% align="center">
	<td width = 30% align="center">'''North:'''<br>], ], ], ]</td>
	<td width = 35% align="center">
	</td></tr>
	<tr>
	<td width = 10% align="center">'''West:'''<br>], ], ]</td>
	<td width = 35% align="center">'''Parma'''</td>
	<td width = 30% align="center">'''East:''' ], ]</td>
	<tr><td width = 35% align="center">
	<td width = 30% align="center">'''South:''' ], ]</td>
	<td width = 35% align="center">
	</table>

			===Novak v. City of Parma===
	]
			{{main article\|Novak v. City of Parma{{!}}''Novak v. City of Parma''}}
	]
			In March 2016, Anthony Novak, a resident of Parma, created a parody Facebook page superficially resembling the local police department's official page, with outlandish, satirical posts easily distinguished from actual police public-affairs content.<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Eidelman \|first1=Vera \|last2=Shapiro \|first2=Ilya \|last3=Berry \|first3=Thomas A. \|title=''Novak v. City of Parma'' \|url=https://www.cato.org/legal-briefs/novak-v-city-parma \|website=Cato Institute \|access-date=October 5, 2022}}</ref> Despite the page being voluntarily removed after 12 hours, the Parma Police subsequently obtained warrants and raided Novak's apartment in the middle of the night three weeks later, seizing electronic devices belonging Novak and his roommate, and arresting and jailing Novak for four days until he could make bail. Novak was charged with felony disruption of police operations, but was acquitted at trial; a subsequent lawsuit against the police for civil rights violations was rebuffed by the Sixth Circuit, citing qualified immunity.<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Wimer \|first1=Andrew \|title=New Supreme Court Appeal Asks: "Can Police Arrest and Prosecute You for Making Fun of Them?" \|url=https://ij.org/press-release/new-supreme-court-appeal-asks-can-police-arrest-and-prosecute-you-for-making-fun-of-them/ \|website=ij.org \|date=September 27, 2022 \|publisher=Institute for Justice \|access-date=October 5, 2022}}</ref> Novak's appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court garnered legal briefs from the ] and ], but gained notoriety because of a supporting brief filed by satirical website '']''.<ref>{{cite web \|title=The Onion advises the Supreme Court's 'total Latin dorks' on parody \|url=https://www.npr.org/2022/10/04/1126699814/the-onion-supreme-courts-parody-law-enforcement-anthony-novak-parma \|website=] \|agency=] \|access-date=October 5, 2022}}</ref>

			==References==
	]
			{{Reflist}}
	]

			==External links==
			{{commons category}}
			*
			*
			*

			{{Cuyahoga County, Ohio}}
			{{Ohio}}
			{{Great Lakes Megalopolis}}
			{{Authority control}}

			]
			]
			]
			]
			]
			]
			]
			]
			]
			]

Latest revision as of 13:40, 8 January 2025

For other uses, see Parma (disambiguation).

City in Ohio, United States

Parma, Ohio
City
Cleveland's skyline from State Road
FlagSeal
Nickname: The Garden City
Motto: "Progress Through Partnerships"
Location in Cuyahoga County, Ohio
ParmaShow map of OhioParmaShow map of the United States
Coordinates: 41°23′31″N 081°43′43″W / 41.39194°N 81.72861°W / 41.39194; -81.72861
Country	United States
State	Ohio
County	Cuyahoga
Founded	1816
Township	March 7, 1826
Incorporated	December 15, 1924 (village) & January 1, 1931 (city)
Named for	Parma, Italy Parma translated refers to a round shield, such as the one used by Roman legionaries
Government
• Type	Mayor–council
• Mayor	Timothy J. DeGeeter (D)
Area
• City	20.07 sq mi (51.98 km)
• Land	20.02 sq mi (51.86 km)
• Water	0.05 sq mi (0.12 km)
Elevation	863 ft (263 m)
Population
• City	81,146
• Density	4,052.64/sq mi (1,564.74/km)
• Metro	2,064,725 (US: 29th)
Demonym(s)	Parmesan, Parmanian
Time zone	UTC-5 (EST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC-4 (EDT)
ZIP Code	44129, 44130, 44134
Area code	440 & 216
FIPS code	39-61000
GNIS feature ID	1049063
Website	www.cityofparma-oh.gov

Parma is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. It is a suburb located south of Cleveland. As of the 2020 census, its population was 81,146. Parma is the seventh-most populous city in Ohio, the largest suburb in the state, and the second-largest city in Cuyahoga County.

History

Greenbriar (1806–1826)

In 1806, the area that would eventually become Parma and Parma Heights was originally surveyed by Abraham Tappan, a surveyor for the Connecticut Land Company, and was known as Township 6 - Range 13. This designation gave the town its first identity in the Western Reserve. Soon after, Township 6 - Range 13 was commonly referred to as "Greenbriar", supposedly for the rambling bush that grew there. Benajah Fay, his wife Ruth Wilcox Fay, and their ten children, arrivals from Lewis County, New York, were the first settlers in 1816. It was then that Greenbriar, under a newly organized government seat under Brooklyn Township, began attending to its own governmental needs.

Parma Township (1826–1924)

Self-government started to gain in popularity by the time the new Greenbriar settlement contained twenty householders. However, prior to the establishment of the new township, the name Greenbriar was replaced by the name Parma. This was largely due to Dr. David Long who had recently returned from Italy and "impressed with the grandeur and beauty...was reminded of Parma, Italy and...persuaded the early townspeople that the territory deserved a better name than Greenbriar."

Thus, on March 7, 1826, a resolution was passed ordering the construction of the new township. It stated,

On the petition of sundry inhabitants for a new township to be organized and erected comprising No. 6 in the 13th Range. Ordered that said Township No. 6 in the 13th Range be set off and erected into a new Township by the name of Parma, to be bounded by the original lines of said Township.

On the same day, a public notice was issued to qualified electors by the County Commissioners. They met at the Samuel Freeman House on April 3, 1826, to elect township officers according to the law. It was then that the first eleven officers were elected to lead the new government.

During this time, Parma Township remained largely agricultural. The first schoolhouse was a log structure built on the hill at the northern corner of what is now Parma Heights Cemetery. A memorial plate on a stone marks the spot. In 1827, the township was divided into road districts. The Broadview Road of today was then known as Town Line Road as well as Independence Road. Ridge Road was known then as Center Road as it cut through the center of town. York Road was then known as York Street as arrivals from the state of New York settled there. Pearl Road then had many names which included Medina Wooster Pike, Wooster Pike, the Cleveland Columbus Road, and the Brighton and Parma Plank Road.

A stone house, built in 1849 and known as the Henninger House, was occupied by several generations of Henningers and is still standing today. The house rests on one of the higher points in Cuyahoga County, which provided visibility for the entire northeastern part of Parma Township. This was also the same site where the Erie Indians, centuries before, stood to read and send fire signals as well as pray to their spirits.

By 1850, the US census listed Parma Township's population at 1,329. However, the rising population of the township had slowed over the decades. The Civil War affected Parma much as it did other towns and villages in the nation. Three out of four homes sent a father, sons, or sometimes both, to fight in the war. By 1910, the population of the township had increased to 1,631.

In 1911, Parma Heights, due to the temperance mood of the day, separated itself from the Parma Township after by a vote of 42 to 32 and was incorporated as a village comprising 4.13 square miles.

"A main reason for establishing the village of Parma Heights was to get a town marshal...There is one saloon in the territory...some pretty rough crowds Sundays have disturbed the quiet of the neighborhood...wanted it closed on Sundays. To do this they wished a town marshal. They couldn't have a town marshal without becoming a village, so they became one."

The Village of Parma (1924–1930)

By 1920, the US census showed Parma Township had a population of just 2,345, but the following decade proved to be a time of significant growth and development for Parma. It was in the 1920s that Parma Township transformed from a farming community into a village. On December 15, 1924, Parma was incorporated as a village.

The largest and fastest growing development of that time was H. A. Stahl's Ridgewood Gardens development, which started in 1919, continued through the 1920s, and into the 1930s. A resident of Shaker Heights, Ohio's first Garden City, H. A. Stahl developed Ridgewood as an ambitious "model village" project patterned along the lines of and rivaling the earlier Shaker Heights project with "churches, schools, motion picture theater, community house, and other features forming a part of all well-developed residence communities". Ridgewood was designed and marketed as a Garden City on 1,000 acres of land to accommodate about 40,000 residents "325 feet above Lake Erie, in the healthiest section of the South Side, free from the smoke of industries, or the congestion and noises of sections nearer the Public Square."

The City of Parma (1931–present)

On January 1, 1931, Parma became a city with a population of 13,899. Whereas the incorporation of the village of Parma was met with much optimism, the newly established city of Parma faced the uncertainty of the Great Depression which had almost entirely stopped its growth. Money was scarce, tax income was limited, and some began to talk of annexation of both the city and school district to Cleveland. Both annexation issues, however, were soundly defeated as Parma voters overwhelmingly voted against them and silenced proponents of annexation. Not long after this, Parma was once again solvent due in large part to the newly created Gallagher Act, a 1936 Ohio law that aided cities threatened with bankruptcy and the determination of Parma's Auditor, Sam Nowlin. By 1941, a building boom appeared to be underway in Parma just as the United States was about to enter World War II.

After World War II, Parma once again began to experience tremendous growth as young families began moving from Cleveland into the suburbs. Between 1950 and 1960, Parma's population soared from 28,897 to 82,845. By 1956, Parma was unchallenged as the fastest growing city in the United States. The population peaked in 1970 at 100,216.

In 2016, Parma's population had declined to 81,601, though it remains one of the Cleveland area's top three destinations young adults (aged 22 to 34) are increasingly choosing as a place to live, along with Lakewood and downtown Cleveland and in 2016 was recognized by Businessweek as one of the best places to raise kids in Ohio.

Geography

Parma is southwest of Cleveland; it is bounded by Cleveland and Brooklyn on the north, Brooklyn Heights, and Seven Hills on the east, North Royalton and Broadview Heights on the south, and Brook Park, Middleburg Heights, and Parma Heights on the west.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 20.07 square miles (51.98 km), of which 20.02 square miles (51.85 km) is land and 0.05 square miles (0.13 km) is water.

Two major changes and developments have recently occurred regarding two principal sites within the city:

The West Creek Preservation Agency has worked to preserve various historic and natural sites in the city, including the Henninger House and the West Creek Watershed.
Henninger House, built in 1849 and the oldest standing home in Parma, is planned to be part of the proposed Quarry Creek Historic District.

Surrounding communities

Parma is bounded by Cleveland and Brooklyn on the north, Brooklyn Heights, and Seven Hills on the east, North Royalton and Broadview Heights on the south, and Brook Park, Middleburg Heights, and Parma Heights on the west.

Demographics

Historical population
Census	Pop.	%±
1930	13,899	—
1940	16,365	17.7%
1950	28,897	76.6%
1960	82,845	186.7%
1970	100,216	21.0%
1980	92,548	−7.7%
1990	87,876	−5.0%
2000	85,655	−2.5%
2010	81,601	−4.7%
2020	81,146	−0.6%
U.S. Decennial Census

In 2013, Parma formed a sister-city relationship with Lviv, Ukraine and is home to Ohio's largest Ukrainian community, the majority of whom are foreign born, with more than twice the number of any other city.

Parma is the seat of the Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Saint Josaphat in Parma, which was established by Pope John Paul II in 1983.

2020 census

According to the 2020 United States census, Parma had a population of 81,146. Of which, 82.3% were non-Hispanic White, 6.8% were Hispanic/Latino, 4.0% were non-Hispanic Black, 2.5% were Asian, 4.4% were mixed or other.

**Parma, Ohio – Racial and ethnic composition**
*Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.*
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic)	Pop 2000	Pop 2010	Pop 2020	% 2000	% 2010	% 2020
White alone (NH)	81,102	74,186	66,785	94.68%	90.91%	82.30%
Black or African American alone (NH)	901	1,797	3,271	1.05%	2.20%	4.03%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH)	110	121	140	0.13%	0.15%	0.17%
Asian alone (NH)	1,346	1,497	2,027	1.57%	1.83%	2.50%
Pacific Islander alone (NH)	13	11	8	0.02%	0.01%	0.01%
Some Other Race alone (NH)	50	54	257	0.06%	0.07%	0.32%
Mixed Race or Multi-Racial (NH)	810	1,020	3,094	0.95%	1.25%	3.81%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)	1,323	2,915	5,564	1.54%	3.57%	6.86%
Total	85,655	81,601	81,146	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%

2010 census

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 81,601 people, 34,489 households, and 21,646 families residing in the city. The population density was 4,076.0 inhabitants per square mile (1,573.8/km). There were 36,608 housing units at an average density of 1,828.6 per square mile (706.0/km). The racial makeup of the city was 93.0% White, 2.3% African American, 0.2% Native American, 1.9% Asian, 1.0% from other races, and 1.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.6% of the population. According to the 2010 census, 22.5% were of German ancestry, 17.6% Polish, 14.8% Italian, 13.8% Irish, 7.4% Slovak, 6.7% English, 5.3% Ukrainian, 2.6% French, 2.2% Serbian, 1.9% Czech, 1.4% Arab, and 1.2% of Croatian, Lithuanian, or Russian ancestries. In regard to languages spoken, 87.03% spoke English, 2.26% Ukrainian, 1.68% Polish, 1.27% Spanish, 1.24% German, and 1.18% Italian as their first language.

There were 34,489 households, of which 27.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.7% were married couples living together, 12.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.2% were non-families. 31.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.95.

The median age in the city was 41.5 years. 20.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.7% were from 25 to 44; 27.7% were from 45 to 64; and 17.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.1% male and 51.9% female.

Income

The median income for a household in the city was $50,198, the median income for a family was $60,696 and the mean income for a family was $68,828. The per capita income for the city was $25,064. The poverty rate in the city was 10.2%. This was low in comparison to other large Ohio cities as well as the state's individual poverty rate of 15.4%.

Safety

In 2014, Parma ranked as the third safest city in the United States with a population of 25,000 or more by Neighborhood Scout. In 2014, Parma had a crime index of 90 meaning it was safer than 90% of cities in the United States.

Economy

During the population boom between 1950 and 1980, Parma's commercial sector grew to match its residential sector. Since the 1950s, Parma has fostered the growth of many small businesses and been an operating hub for companies including General Motors, Cox Cable, and formerly, the Union Carbide Research Center.

The Shoppes at Parma, formerly Parmatown Mall, is a commercial shopping district that totals approximately 800,000 square feet. It is located approximately 3 miles south of Cleveland's southern border at the southwest corner of Ridge Road and West Ridgewood Drive in central Cuyahoga County. It is anchored by JCPenney, Dick's Sporting Goods, Marc's and Walmart. The mall opened as a shopping plaza in 1956 and was enclosed in the mid-1960s.

The Ukrainian Village commercial district is located along State Road between Tuxedo Avenue and Grantwood Drive. This district was designated Ukrainian Village in September 2009. It hosts the Ukrainian Independence Day parade (August).

The Polish Village commercial district is located along Ridge Road between Pearl Road and Thornton Avenue. This district was designated Polish Village on May 1, 2011. It features a large number of small, family-owned businesses and medical offices. This area also hosts the Polish Constitution Day parade (May), St. Charles Carnival parade (July), Independence Day parade (July), and Christmas parade (December).

Education

The Parma City School District serves Parma, Parma Heights and Seven Hills. The District's sports stadium is Byers Field. All three high schools play golf at Ridgewood for their home course. The rivalry that exists between these schools is well documented. The school district has six elementary schools, three middle schools, and two high schools: Normandy High School and Valley Forge High School. The former Parma Senior High School operated from 1953 to 2023.

Constellation Schools: Parma Community public charter schools includes two elementary schools, one middle school and one high school.

Parma has eight private primary schools and the private Padua Franciscan High School.

Bryant & Stratton College and Cuyahoga Community College have campuses in Parma.

Transportation

Parma's major north–south roads, in order from west to east, are:

West 130th Street, which forms part of the western border of Parma,
Chevrolet Boulevard/Stumph Road/York Road,
Ridge Road (State Route 3),
West 54th Street
State Road (State Route 94),
Broadview Road (State Route 176), which forms part of the eastern boundary of Parma. The State Route 176 designation continues northward via the Jennings Freeway, connecting Parma to downtown Cleveland.

Its major east–west roads, in order from north to south, are:

I-480, running just north of Parma's northern border,
Brookpark Road (State Route 17), forming Parma's northern border with Cleveland,
Snow Road,
West Ridgewood Drive,
West Pleasant Valley Road, and
Sprague Road, which forms the southern border of Parma.

Also, Pearl Road (U.S. Route 42) runs from southwest to northeast through northern Parma for less than two miles (3 km).

The speed limit is 35 mph on most major thoroughfares in Parma. The exception is in business zones which have 25 mph speed limit.

Public transportation in Parma includes bus routes operated by the Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority, which serves the city of Cleveland and Cuyahoga County suburbs.

Notable people

Bill Balas, screenwriter, director and producer
Jeremiah Wallace Baldock, Wisconsin State Assemblyman
Michael Bierut, graphic designer
Hector Boiardi, better known as Chef Boyardee, died in Parma in 1985.
Shya Chitaley, Curator of paleobotany at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History
Carmen Cozza, football coach at Yale University.
Timothy DeGeeter, state representative
Dan Fritsche, NHL player, Minnesota Wild, Columbus Blue Jackets and New York Rangers
Erich Gliebe, CEO of the white supremacist National Alliance, also professional boxer
Michael T. Good, NASA astronaut
Brian Holzinger, NHL, Buffalo Sabres
James Hoye, umpire in Major League Baseball
Dan Huberty, Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives
Scott Jarvis, actor
William Kowalski, author and educator
Ted Levine, actor
James A. Lovell, NASA Astronaut (Gemini 7, Gemini 12, Apollo 8 and Apollo 13 missions)
Biagio Messina, television producer, filmmaker, and actor.
Mike Mizanin, actor and professional wrestler known under the ring name The Miz
Clint Nageotte, professional baseball player
Alex Nedeljkovic, goaltender for the Pittsburgh Penguins of the NHL.
Ransom E. Olds, automotive pioneer
Benjamin Orr (Orzechowski), best known as co-lead singer and bassist for The Cars.
Kermit Poling, conductor, violinist and composer; music director of the South Arkansas Symphony; concertmaster of the Shreveport Symphony Orchestra
Frank Romano, guitarist, songwriter and record producer
Alan Ruck, actor (Ferris Bueller's Day Off, Spin City)

In popular culture

Moon Over Parma

In the late 1980s, Bob McGuire penned a song entitled "Moon Over Parma", about an eccentric courtship that traverses the various suburbs of Cleveland. The song first received wide exposure on Big Chuck and Lil' John during its "New Talent Time" segment. Though McGuire was given the shepherd's crook, McGuire's song was offered for free, in the form of sheet music, to those who wrote to the show requesting a copy.

The Drew Carey Show’s opening credits of its first season consisted of a caricature of Drew Carey — consisting of his face and a yellow tie — singing "Moon Over Parma" with an abridgment and some minor lyrical changes.

Parma Place

Occasionally, during the 1960s and 1970s, Parma was the target of light-hearted jabs by local movie show hosts Ghoulardi, Hoolihan, Big Chuck and Lil’ John, and The Ghoul, due to its central European image promoted by the friendly rivalry between Ernie "Ghoulardi" Anderson and "Big Chuck" Schodowski and contrary to actual demographics. Ghoulardi, the horror host of late night Shock Theater at WJW-TV, Channel 8, in Cleveland from January 13, 1963, through December 16, 1966, made a series of shorts called "Parma Place" and focused on an alleged love of white socks, pink flamingos, chrome balls, kielbasa, pierogi and the polka.

Novak v. City of Parma

Main article: Novak v. City of Parma

In March 2016, Anthony Novak, a resident of Parma, created a parody Facebook page superficially resembling the local police department's official page, with outlandish, satirical posts easily distinguished from actual police public-affairs content. Despite the page being voluntarily removed after 12 hours, the Parma Police subsequently obtained warrants and raided Novak's apartment in the middle of the night three weeks later, seizing electronic devices belonging Novak and his roommate, and arresting and jailing Novak for four days until he could make bail. Novak was charged with felony disruption of police operations, but was acquitted at trial; a subsequent lawsuit against the police for civil rights violations was rebuffed by the Sixth Circuit, citing qualified immunity. Novak's appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court garnered legal briefs from the ACLU and Cato Institute, but gained notoriety because of a supporting brief filed by satirical website The Onion.

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Even though rivalry may exist on the field of sports, the Spanish pen pals found connections to begin new friendships Archived September 28, 2007, at the Wayback Machine; "On the field, you think that the guys from Valley Forge and Parma are bad guys because they're playing you tough trying to get the win" said recent Normandy graduate Dan Ebinger, who will play defensive end. "But, after you meet with them, you realize that they're all actually pretty nice guys. It's pretty nice getting to know them as people instead of just judging them by how they played against you." Archived September 30, 2007, at the Wayback Machine; "Normandy vs. Valley Forge -- September 3rd, 2004". Archived from the original on November 18, 2007. Retrieved March 12, 2016. Normandy was upsetted [sic] last week against Parma. Over the years, a second rivalry has formed between Valley Forge & Normandy, the battle of Parma, a battle that would determine the better team
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Metro areas	Akron Canton Cincinnati Cleveland Columbus Dayton Huntington–Ashland Lima Mansfield Sandusky Steubenville Toledo Youngstown–Warren
Largest cities	Akron Canton Cincinnati Cleveland Columbus Cuyahoga Falls Dayton Dublin Elyria Euclid Hamilton Kettering Lakewood Lorain Middletown Newark Parma Springfield Toledo Youngstown
Counties	Adams Allen Ashland Ashtabula Athens Auglaize Belmont Brown Butler Carroll Champaign Clark Clermont Clinton Columbiana Coshocton Crawford Cuyahoga Darke Defiance Delaware Erie Fairfield Fayette Franklin Fulton Gallia Geauga Greene Guernsey Hamilton Hancock Hardin Harrison Henry Highland Hocking Holmes Huron Jackson Jefferson Knox Lake Lawrence Licking Logan Lorain Lucas Madison Mahoning Marion Medina Meigs Mercer Miami Monroe Montgomery Morgan Morrow Muskingum Noble Ottawa Paulding Perry Pickaway Pike Portage Preble Putnam Richland Ross Sandusky Scioto Seneca Shelby Stark Summit Trumbull Tuscarawas Union Van Wert Vinton Warren Washington Wayne Williams Wood Wyandot
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v t e Great Lakes megalopolis as defined by the RPA
Includes all metropolitan areas that have a population of 150,000 or greater according to the most recent national census.
Great Lakes region cities	Brantford Buffalo–Niagara Falls Buffalo Niagara Falls Chicago city Cleveland city Detroit city Duluth–Superior Duluth Superior Erie city Grand Rapids city Guelph Green Bay city Hamilton Holland Kalamazoo city Kenosha Lansing city London Milwaukee city Muskegon Niagara Region St. Catharines Niagara Falls Welland Niles Oshawa Rochester, New York city South Bend city Thunder Bay Toledo city Toronto city Traverse City city Waterloo Region Kitchener Cambridge Waterloo Windsor
Surrounding cities	Akron city Altoona Ann Arbor Barrie Bloomington, Indiana city Bloomington–Normal Bloomington, Illinois Normal Canton city Champaign city Cincinnati city Columbus city Dayton city Eau Claire city Elkhart Evansville city Fargo city Flint Fort Wayne city Fox Cities Appleton Oshkosh Indianapolis city Jackson Janesville–Beloit Kankakee city Kingston La Crosse–Onalaska La Crosse Onalaska Lafayette city Madison city Mahoning Valley Youngstown Minneapolis–Saint Paul Minneapolis Saint Paul Greater Montreal Laval Longueuil Montreal National Capital Region Ottawa Gatineau Pittsburgh city Peoria city Peterborough Rockford city Rochester, Minnesota city Saguenay St. Cloud city Saginaw city Sioux Falls city Springfield city Sudbury urban neighbourhoods Syracuse city Terre Haute city Trois-Rivières Utica–Rome Utica Rome Quad Cities Bettendorf Davenport East Moline Moline Rock Island Greater Quebec city
Cities of states south of region	Elizabethtown city Kansas City city Louisville city St. Louis city Topeka city Wheeling city
Other metro-regions	Quebec City–Windsor Corridor Golden Horseshoe Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area Detroit–Windsor Greater Pittsburgh Metro East
Other megaregions

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