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{{short description|American operatic mezzo-soprano (1913–2013)}}
{{lead too short|date=March 2013}}
{{Infobox person {{Infobox person
| name = Risë Stevens | name = Risë Stevens
| image = File:Rise Stevens 1959.jpg | image = Rise Stevens 1959.jpg
| caption = Stevens in 1959 | caption = Stevens as ''Carmen'' in 1959
| birth_name = Risë Gus Steenberg | birth_name = Risë Gus Steenberg
| birth_date = {{birth date|1913|6|11}} | birth_date = {{birth date|1913|6|11}}
Line 9: Line 9:
| death_date = {{death date and age|2013|3|20|1913|6|11}} | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|3|20|1913|6|11}}
| death_place = ], New York City, U.S. | death_place = ], New York City, U.S.
| spouse = {{marriage|]<br>|1939|2001|end=died}} | spouse = {{marriage|]|1939|2001|end=died}}
| yearsactive = 1936–1974 | yearsactive = 1936–1974
| children = 1 | children = 1
}} }}


'''Risë Stevens''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|iː|s|ə}}; June 11, 1913&nbsp;– March 20, 2013) was an American ]tic ]. Beginning in 1938, she sang for the ] in ] for more than two decades during the 1940s and 1950s. She was most noted for her portrayals of the central character in '']'' by ]. '''Risë Stevens''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|iː|s|ə}}; June 11, 1913&nbsp;– March 20, 2013) was an American ]tic ] and actress. Beginning in 1938, she sang for the ] in New York City for more than two decades during the 1940s and 1950s. She was most noted for her portrayals of the central character in '']'' by ].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/deceptivecadence/2013/03/21/174974045/remembering-ris-stevens-a-star-of-opera-and-pop-culture|title=Remembering Risë Stevens, A Star Of Opera And Pop Culture|publisher=]|last1=Huizenga |first1=Tom |last2=Tsioulcas |first2=Anastasia |date=March 21, 2013|access-date=August 15, 2015}}</ref> From 1963 to 1968 she was director of the ].
<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/deceptivecadence/2013/03/21/174974045/remembering-ris-stevens-a-star-of-opera-and-pop-culture
|title=Remembering Risë Stevens, A Star Of Opera And Pop Culture
|publisher=]
|last1=Huizenga |first1=Tom |last2=Tsioulcas |first2=Anastasia |date=March 21, 2013
|accessdate=August 15, 2015}}</ref>


==Professional life== ==Early life and education==
Stevens was born '''Risë Gus Steenberg''' in ], the daughter of Sarah "Sadie" (née Mechanic) and Christian Carl Steenberg, an advertising salesman. Her father was of Norwegian descent and her mother was Jewish (of Polish and Russian descent).<ref name=TimesObit /> She had a younger brother, Lewis "Bud" Steenberg, who died in ]. She studied at New York's ] for three years, and with Anna Eugenie Schoen-René (1864–1942). She went to Vienna, where she was trained by ] and ]. She made her début as ] in ] in 1936 and stayed there until 1938, also singing in guest appearances at the ].<ref>{{cite web|isbn=1-880909-75-8|url=http://www.baskervillepublishers.com|title=Risë Stevens: A Life in Music|author=Pennino, John}}</ref> Stevens was born '''Risë Gus Steenberg''' in ], the daughter of Sarah "Sadie" (née Mechanic) and Christian Carl Steenberg, an advertising salesman. Her father was of Norwegian descent and her mother was Jewish (of Polish and Russian descent).<ref name="TimesObit">{{cite news|last=Fox|first=Margalit|author-link=Margalit Fox|date=21 March 2013|title=Risë Stevens, Stalwart Opera Star at the Met, Dies at 99|newspaper=]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/22/arts/music/rise-stevens-opera-singer-dies-at-99.html?hpw|access-date=21 March 2013}}</ref> She had a younger brother, Lewis "Bud" Steenberg, who died in ]. She studied at New York's ] for three years, and with ] (1864–1942). She went to Vienna, where she was trained by ] and ]. She made her début as ] in ] in 1936 and stayed there until 1938, also singing in guest appearances at the ].<ref>{{cite book|isbn=1-880909-75-8|url=http://www.baskervillepublishers.com|title=Risë Stevens: A Life in Music|author=Pennino, John|year=2005|publisher=Baskerville Publishers }}</ref>


== Career ==
She was engaged as a member of the Vienna State Opera ensemble at the ] in 1938 (as Octavian in '']'') and was invited to the ] in 1939 where she was heard as ] and ]. In 1938 she made her début with the ] on tour in Philadelphia as Octavian opposite Lotte Lehmann as the Marschallin. Three weeks later at the ] in New York City, she sang Mignon in a Saturday matinee broadcast in a cast that included Richard Crooks as Wilhelm Meister and Ezio Pinza as Lothario. The film industry in Hollywood produced several films for her, including '']'' (1941) with ]. She played an opera singer in '']'' (1944) with ], wherein she is credited as a ]; she is featured performing Bizet's aria "]," "Going My Way" with the ], and "]" with Bing Crosby and the choir. Stevens was engaged as a member of the Vienna State Opera ensemble at the ] in 1938 (as Octavian in '']'') and was invited to the ] in 1939 where she was heard as ] and ]. In 1938 she made her début with the ] on tour in Philadelphia as Octavian opposite Lotte Lehmann as the Marschallin. Three weeks later at the ] in New York City, she sang Mignon in a Saturday matinee broadcast in a cast that included Richard Crooks as Wilhelm Meister and Ezio Pinza as Lothario. Stevens appeared in a few Hollywood films, including '']'' (1941) with ]. She played an opera singer in '']'' (1944) with ], wherein she is credited as a ]; she is featured performing the "] " from ] opera '']'', "Going My Way" with the ], and the ] "]" with Bing Crosby and the choir. Disliking acting in films and the Hollywood scene in general, Stevens returned exclusively to opera.


], 1952–1953]] ], 1952–1953]]
In 1939, Stevens married ], an Austrian stage and screen actor she met during her European years, after he fled the ]s to New York. He took over the management of her career and skillfully planned publicity to move her into areas of the business they both felt would advance her career. One likely display of Surovy's finesse with publicity was the fact that Stevens' voice was insured by ] in 1945 for $1 million.<ref name=TimesObit>{{cite news|last=Fox|first=Margalit|authorlink=Margalit Fox|title=Risë Stevens, Stalwart Opera Star at the Met, Dies at 99|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/22/arts/music/rise-stevens-opera-singer-dies-at-99.html?hpw|accessdate=21 March 2013|newspaper=]|date=21 March 2013}}</ref>


For over two decades (until 1961) Stevens was the Met's leading mezzo-soprano and the only mezzo to command the top billing (and commensurate fees) normally awarded only to star sopranos and tenors. Her most successful roles there included ] (recording on EMI), Octavian, ] (two separate discs of excerpts on ]), ], ] (complete recording on Columbia) and ]. Other roles included Fricka in ]'s '']'', Marfa in ]'s '']'', Giulietta in '']'', and Prince Orlovsky in '']''. As a singer grounded in 19th century roles, she had a surprise success as ] in ]'s '']'', under the musical direction of ], which was immediately recorded for ]. Her other operatic roles included Fricka in ]'s '']'', Marfa in ]'s '']'', Giulietta in '']'', and Prince Orlovsky in '']''.


]'', March 1948]] ]'', March 1948]]

Above all, she was especially celebrated for her ]. She had an enormous personal triumph at the Metropolitan in the role in the famous ] production in 1951, becoming the leading Carmen of her generation. Her RCA Victor recording of the complete opera, conducted by ] and co-starring ], ] and ], a best seller, has been continuously available since its original 1951 release. She also appeared in ], ], and the ]. At ] in Milan, she had a great success in ]'s ''La Figlia del Diavolo'' in a version of the '']'' story where ] is the leading character. Stevens sang, acted and danced the role in a notable tour de force. Her farewell performance at the Metropolitan was as Carmen, in 1961. Stevens' acclaimed ] recording of the complete opera ''Carmen'', conducted by ] and co-starring ], ] and ] remains a best-seller and has been continuously available since its original 1951 release. She also appeared in ], ], and the ]. Stevens' farewell performance at the Metropolitan Opera was as Carmen in 1961.<ref>{{cite web
<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://arts.gov/honors/ris%C3%AB-stevens |url=http://arts.gov/honors/ris%C3%AB-stevens
|title=NEA Opera Honors Risë Stevens |title=NEA Opera Honors Risë Stevens
|publisher=National Endowment for the Arts |publisher=National Endowment for the Arts
|date=2011 |date=2011
|accessdate=August 15, 2015}}</ref> |access-date=August 15, 2015}}</ref>


A hallmark of Stevens' career was versatility. She sang opera, excelled on radio and television singing from what came to be called ] (much of which was recorded), proved to be an accomplished film and television actress, and she handled Broadway material (Anna in '']'', Liza in '']'') with glamour and star quality. She toured the U.S. annually for several decades singing recitals. In 1962, she recorded the voice of ] for '']'', but the production ran out of money and was halted for more than four years. It was only after the ] studio had made profits on their numerous television series that they were able to finish the project (which was copyrighted 1971, released in 1972 in the United Kingdom and in 1974 in the United States). After her retirement from the opera stage, Stevens served as General Manager of the Metropolitan Opera National Company until 1966 and later coached the new generation of singers at the Met. Stevens made occasional television appearances too, including a guest-starring role on ]'s '']''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ctva.biz/US/MusicVariety/MarthaRayeShow.htm |title=The Martha Raye Show |publisher=The Classic TV Archive |accessdate=March 21, 2012}}</ref> Stevens toured the U.S. annually for several decades singing recitals. In 1962, she recorded the voice of ] for '']'', but the production ran out of money and was halted for more than four years. It was only after the ] studio had made profits on their numerous television series that the project was completed (which was copyrighted 1971, released in 1972 in the United Kingdom and in 1974 in the United States). After her retirement from the operatic stage, Stevens served as General Manager of the Metropolitan Opera National Company until 1966 and later coached the new generation of singers at the Met. Stevens made occasional television appearances, including a guest-starring role on ]'s ''The Martha Raye Show''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ctva.biz/US/MusicVariety/MarthaRayeShow.htm |title=The Martha Raye Show |publisher=The Classic TV Archive |access-date=March 21, 2012}}</ref>


In 1963, Stevens and ] were appointed co-directors of the ] (MONC), a second touring company of the Metropolitan Opera that featured American and Canadian artists in their early stages of career development, by Sir ].<ref name="ON">{{cite news|url=https://www.operanews.com/Opera_News_Magazine/2006/8/Features/The_Not-So-Grand_Tour.html|title=The Not-So-Grand Tour|author=Martin Bernheimer|work=]|date=August 2006|volume=71|issue=2|pages=40–45}}</ref> She remained director until the company dissolved in 1968, during which time she mentored several prominent singers with the MONC, including sopranos ], ], ], ], and ]; mezzo-sopranos ], Sylvia Friederich, Dorothy Krebill, and ]; tenors ], Chris Lachona, Nicholas di Virgilio, and ]; baritones ], ], ], ], and Vern Shinall; bass-baritones ], Ronald Hedlund, and ]; and bass ].<ref name="ON" />
⚫ On October 22, 1977, Stevens was awarded the prestigious ] Award of Merit.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dolphin.upenn.edu/gleeclub/MEMBERS_merit.html|title=The University of Pennsylvania Glee Club Award of Merit Recipients}}</ref> Established in 1964, this award sought ''"to bring a declaration of appreciation to an individual each year that has made a significant contribution to the world of music and helped to create a climate in which our talents may find valid expression"''. She was a ] in 1990. She has been the subject of two biographies, Kyle Crichton ''Subway to the Met'' (1959) and John Pennino 1999 ''Rise Stevens: A Life in Music'' (1999).


During 1975 to 1978 Stevens was president of the ] in New York City.<ref name="TimesObit"/>
⚫ ==Film==

⚫ On October 22, 1977, Stevens was awarded the ] Award of Merit.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dolphin.upenn.edu/gleeclub/MEMBERS_merit.html|title=The University of Pennsylvania Glee Club Award of Merit Recipients|access-date=2008-07-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209191432/http://www.dolphin.upenn.edu/gleeclub/MEMBERS_merit.html|archive-date=2012-02-09|url-status=dead}}</ref> Established in 1964, this award sought ''"to bring a declaration of appreciation to an individual each year that has made a significant contribution to the world of music and helped to create a climate in which our talents may find valid expression"''. She was a ] in 1990.<ref name="TimesObit"/> Stevens has been the subject of two biographies, Kyle Crichton's ''Subway to the Met'' (1959) and John Pennino's ''Risë Stevens: A Life in Music'' (1999).

⚫ ==Personal life==
In 1939, Stevens married ], an Austrian stage and screen actor she met during her European years, after he fled the ]s to New York. One likely display of Surovy's finesse with publicity was the fact that Stevens' voice was insured by ] in 1945 for $1 million.<ref name="TimesObit" /> The marriage lasted for over 61 years, until Walter's death in 2001. Their only child is Nicolas Surovy (b. 1944) who followed in his father's footsteps, becoming an actor on ], and in film and television.<ref name=TimesObit />

== Death ==
⚫ Stevens died in her ] home on March 20, 2013, at the age of 99.<ref name=TimesObit /> Her body was cremated.

== Awards ==
Stevens was honored many times over her long career including honorary degrees from ] (H.H. D.), ], and ]s (Mus. D.).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Collection: Rise Stevens papers {{!}} Smith College Finding Aids|url=https://findingaids.smith.edu/repositories/2/resources/692|access-date=2020-07-23|website=findingaids.smith.edu}}{{Cc-notice|cc=by3}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
She established the Risë Stevens scholarship at ].<ref name=":0" />

==Work==

⚫ === Film ===
Stevens was a part of a number of Hollywood productions, her most memorable being in the Oscar-winning film '']'' alongside costars ] and ]. Stevens was a part of a number of Hollywood productions, her most memorable being in the Oscar-winning film '']'' alongside costars ] and ].
*1974&nbsp;– '']'' as ], (voice) *1974&nbsp;– '']'' as ], (voice)
Line 57: Line 69:
*1941&nbsp;– '']'' as Maria Lanyi, Karl's Wife *1941&nbsp;– '']'' as Maria Lanyi, Karl's Wife


==Selected discography== ===Selected discography===
{{ external media|float=center|width=230px|audio1=You may hear Rise Stevens performing ]'s opera '']'' with ] conducting the ] and ], ] and ] in 1951 |audio2=Rise Stevens performing Saint-Saens opera '']'' with Mario Del Monaco, Ezio Flagelo and Fausto Cleve conducting the Metropolitan Opera Orchestra in 1959 }}
The King and I (Lincoln Center cast album), with ] as the king 1965
*'']'' (] cast album), with ] as The King, 1965<ref>, masterworksbroadway.com</ref>

* ]: '']'' (highlights); with ] and ], ] Orchestra and Chorus, ], conductor. RCA Victor (1957)
⚫ ==Personal life and death==
* ]: '']'' (highlights); with ] and ], ], ], conductor. RCA Victor (1959)
Stevens was married to actor ] (1910–2001). The marriage lasted for over 61 years, until Walter's death in 2001. Their only child is Nicolas Surovy (b. 1944) who followed in his father's footsteps, becoming an actor on ], and in film and television.<ref> (New York Times.</ref>

⚫ Stevens died in her ] home on March 20, 2013, at the age of 99.<ref name=TimesObit /> Her body was cremated.


==References== ==References==
{{Reflist|2}} {{Reflist}}


==Other sources== ==Further reading==
* Crichton, Kyle (1959) ''Subway to the Met: Risë Stevens' Own Story'' (New York: Doubleday) * Crichton, Kyle (1959) ''Subway to the Met: Risë Stevens' Own Story'' (New York: Doubleday)
* McCants, Clyde T. (2004) ''American Opera Singers and Their Recordings: Critical Commentaries and Discographies'' (McFarland & Company, Inc.) {{ISBN|9780786419524}} * McCants, Clyde T. (2004) ''American Opera Singers and Their Recordings: Critical Commentaries and Discographies'' (McFarland & Company, Inc.) {{ISBN|9780786419524}}
* Pennino, John (2005) ''Risë Stevens: A Life in Music'' (Baskerville Publishers) {{ISBN|978-1880909751}} * Pennino, John (2005) ''Risë Stevens: A Life in Music'' (Baskerville Publishers) {{ISBN|978-1880909751}}


==External links== ==External links==
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* {{IMDb title|id=0036872|title=Going My Way (1944)}} * {{IMDb title|id=0036872|title=Going My Way (1944)}}
* by Bruce Duffie, April 22, 1985 * by Bruce Duffie, April 22, 1985
* at the ], Smith College Special Collections
* {{Find a Grave|107053182}}


{{Kennedy Center Honorees 1990s}} {{Kennedy Center Honorees 1990s|state=collapsed}}
{{Portal bar|Biography|Opera}}
{{Authority control}} {{Authority control}}


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] ]
] ]
]
] ]
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] ]
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Latest revision as of 21:32, 18 December 2024

American operatic mezzo-soprano (1913–2013)
Risë Stevens
Stevens as Carmen in 1959
BornRisë Gus Steenberg
(1913-06-11)June 11, 1913
New York City, U.S.
DiedMarch 20, 2013(2013-03-20) (aged 99)
Manhattan, New York City, U.S.
Years active1936–1974
Spouse Walter Surovy ​ ​(m. 1939; died 2001)​
Children1

Risë Stevens (/ˈriːsə/; June 11, 1913 – March 20, 2013) was an American operatic mezzo-soprano and actress. Beginning in 1938, she sang for the Metropolitan Opera in New York City for more than two decades during the 1940s and 1950s. She was most noted for her portrayals of the central character in Carmen by Georges Bizet. From 1963 to 1968 she was director of the Metropolitan Opera National Company.

Early life and education

Stevens was born Risë Gus Steenberg in New York City, the daughter of Sarah "Sadie" (née Mechanic) and Christian Carl Steenberg, an advertising salesman. Her father was of Norwegian descent and her mother was Jewish (of Polish and Russian descent). She had a younger brother, Lewis "Bud" Steenberg, who died in World War II. She studied at New York's Juilliard School for three years, and with Anna Eugénie Schoen-René (1864–1942). She went to Vienna, where she was trained by Marie Gutheil-Schoder and Herbert Graf. She made her début as Mignon in Prague in 1936 and stayed there until 1938, also singing in guest appearances at the Vienna State Opera.

Career

Stevens was engaged as a member of the Vienna State Opera ensemble at the Teatro Colón in 1938 (as Octavian in Der Rosenkavalier) and was invited to the Glyndebourne Festival in 1939 where she was heard as Dorabella and Cherubino. In 1938 she made her début with the Metropolitan Opera on tour in Philadelphia as Octavian opposite Lotte Lehmann as the Marschallin. Three weeks later at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City, she sang Mignon in a Saturday matinee broadcast in a cast that included Richard Crooks as Wilhelm Meister and Ezio Pinza as Lothario. Stevens appeared in a few Hollywood films, including The Chocolate Soldier (1941) with Nelson Eddy. She played an opera singer in Going My Way (1944) with Bing Crosby, wherein she is credited as a contralto; she is featured performing the "Habanera " from Bizet's opera Carmen, "Going My Way" with the Robert Mitchell Boys Choir, and the Schubert "Ave Maria" with Bing Crosby and the choir. Disliking acting in films and the Hollywood scene in general, Stevens returned exclusively to opera.

Stevens visiting the University of Michigan, 1952–1953

Her other operatic roles included Fricka in Wagner's The Ring of the Nibelung, Marfa in Mussorgsky's Khovanshchina, Giulietta in The Tales of Hoffmann, and Prince Orlovsky in Die Fledermaus.

Stevens as Carmen in an advertisement for Pacquins Hand Cream, Ladies' Home Journal, March 1948

Stevens' acclaimed RCA Victor recording of the complete opera Carmen, conducted by Fritz Reiner and co-starring Jan Peerce, Robert Merrill and Licia Albanese remains a best-seller and has been continuously available since its original 1951 release. She also appeared in Paris, London, and the London Palladium. Stevens' farewell performance at the Metropolitan Opera was as Carmen in 1961.

Stevens toured the U.S. annually for several decades singing recitals. In 1962, she recorded the voice of Glinda for Journey Back to Oz, but the production ran out of money and was halted for more than four years. It was only after the Filmation studio had made profits on their numerous television series that the project was completed (which was copyrighted 1971, released in 1972 in the United Kingdom and in 1974 in the United States). After her retirement from the operatic stage, Stevens served as General Manager of the Metropolitan Opera National Company until 1966 and later coached the new generation of singers at the Met. Stevens made occasional television appearances, including a guest-starring role on NBC's The Martha Raye Show.

In 1963, Stevens and Michael Manuel were appointed co-directors of the Metropolitan Opera National Company (MONC), a second touring company of the Metropolitan Opera that featured American and Canadian artists in their early stages of career development, by Sir Rudolf Bing. She remained director until the company dissolved in 1968, during which time she mentored several prominent singers with the MONC, including sopranos Clarice Carson, Maralin Niska, Mary Beth Peil, Francesca Roberto, and Marilyn Zschau; mezzo-sopranos Joy Davidson, Sylvia Friederich, Dorothy Krebill, and Huguette Tourangeau; tenors Enrico Di Giuseppe, Chris Lachona, Nicholas di Virgilio, and Harry Theyard; baritones Ron Bottcher, John Fiorito, Thomas Jamerson, Julian Patrick, and Vern Shinall; bass-baritones Andrij Dobriansky, Ronald Hedlund, and Arnold Voketaitis; and bass Paul Plishka.

During 1975 to 1978 Stevens was president of the Mannes College of Music in New York City.

On October 22, 1977, Stevens was awarded the University of Pennsylvania Glee Club Award of Merit. Established in 1964, this award sought "to bring a declaration of appreciation to an individual each year that has made a significant contribution to the world of music and helped to create a climate in which our talents may find valid expression". She was a Kennedy Center Honoree in 1990. Stevens has been the subject of two biographies, Kyle Crichton's Subway to the Met (1959) and John Pennino's Risë Stevens: A Life in Music (1999).

Personal life

In 1939, Stevens married Walter Surovy, an Austrian stage and screen actor she met during her European years, after he fled the Nazis to New York. One likely display of Surovy's finesse with publicity was the fact that Stevens' voice was insured by Lloyd's of London in 1945 for $1 million. The marriage lasted for over 61 years, until Walter's death in 2001. Their only child is Nicolas Surovy (b. 1944) who followed in his father's footsteps, becoming an actor on Broadway, and in film and television.

Death

Stevens died in her Manhattan home on March 20, 2013, at the age of 99. Her body was cremated.

Awards

Stevens was honored many times over her long career including honorary degrees from Russell Sage (H.H. D.), Hobart, and Smith Colleges (Mus. D.).

Legacy

She established the Risë Stevens scholarship at Adelphi College.

Work

Film

Stevens was a part of a number of Hollywood productions, her most memorable being in the Oscar-winning film Going My Way alongside costars Bing Crosby and Barry Fitzgerald.

Selected discography

External audio
audio icon You may hear Rise Stevens performing Georges Bizet's opera Carmen with Fritz Reiner conducting the RCA Victor Orchestra and Jan Peerce, Robert Merrill and Licia Albanese in 1951 Here on archive.org
audio icon Rise Stevens performing Saint-Saens opera Samson and Delilah with Mario Del Monaco, Ezio Flagelo and Fausto Cleve conducting the Metropolitan Opera Orchestra in 1959 Here on archive.org

References

  1. Huizenga, Tom; Tsioulcas, Anastasia (March 21, 2013). "Remembering Risë Stevens, A Star Of Opera And Pop Culture". NPR Music. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  2. ^ Fox, Margalit (21 March 2013). "Risë Stevens, Stalwart Opera Star at the Met, Dies at 99". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
  3. Pennino, John (2005). Risë Stevens: A Life in Music. Baskerville Publishers. ISBN 1-880909-75-8.
  4. "NEA Opera Honors Risë Stevens". National Endowment for the Arts. 2011. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  5. "The Martha Raye Show". The Classic TV Archive. Retrieved March 21, 2012.
  6. ^ Martin Bernheimer (August 2006). "The Not-So-Grand Tour". Opera News. Vol. 71, no. 2. pp. 40–45.
  7. "The University of Pennsylvania Glee Club Award of Merit Recipients". Archived from the original on 2012-02-09. Retrieved 2008-07-04.
  8. ^ "Collection: Rise Stevens papers | Smith College Finding Aids". findingaids.smith.edu. Retrieved 2020-07-23. This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 3.0 license.
  9. The King and I, masterworksbroadway.com

Further reading

  • Crichton, Kyle (1959) Subway to the Met: Risë Stevens' Own Story (New York: Doubleday)
  • McCants, Clyde T. (2004) American Opera Singers and Their Recordings: Critical Commentaries and Discographies (McFarland & Company, Inc.) ISBN 9780786419524
  • Pennino, John (2005) Risë Stevens: A Life in Music (Baskerville Publishers) ISBN 978-1880909751

External links

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