Misplaced Pages

Hara hachi bun me: Difference between revisions

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Browse history interactively← Previous editContent deleted Content addedVisualWikitext
Revision as of 16:24, 4 October 2018 editVituzzu (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users4,766 editsm Reverted edits by Alba Coni (talk) to last version by SusanLeschTag: Rollback← Previous edit Latest revision as of 02:37, 9 December 2024 edit undoXonybubba (talk | contribs)135 editsm Undid revision 1261869237 by 41.107.244.25 (talk) - revision does not improve page, and breaks the image embedTag: Undo 
(67 intermediate revisions by 37 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{short description|Confucian teaching about eating habits}}
⚫ {{nihongo|'''Hara hachi bun me'''|腹八分目/はらはちぶんめ}},<ref>{{cite web |url=http://jisho.org/search/%E8%85%B9%E5%85%AB%E5%88%86%E7%9B%AE |title=Jisho.org online Japanese-English dictionary |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2015 |website=jisho.org |publisher= |access-date=2015-07-02 |quote=}}</ref> (or '''hara hachi bu''', and sometimes misspelled '''hari hachi bu'''), is a ]<ref>Buettner, pp. 7, 227</ref> teaching that instructs people to eat until they are 80 percent full.<ref name=Okinawa /> Roughly, in English the ]ese phrase translates to, “Eat until you are eight parts (out of ten) full”<ref name="Okinawa">{{cite book| author = Willcox BJ |author2=Willcox DC |author3=Suzuki M| title = The Okinawa Program : How the World's Longest-Lived People Achieve Everlasting Health And How You Can Too| year = 2002| publisher = ]| isbn = 978-0-609-80750-7| pages = }}</ref> or “belly 80 percent full”.<ref name="Grossman">{{cite journal|author=Grossman, Terry|title=Latest advances in antiaging medicine|year=2005|url=http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/kjm/54/2/85/_pdf|format=PDF|journal=The Keio Journal of Medicine|volume=54|issue=2|pages=85–94|doi=10.2302/kjm.54.85}}</ref>
{{italic title|reason=}}
⚫ {{nihongo||腹八分目|'''Hara hachi bun me'''}} (also spelled {{transl|ja|'''hara hachi bu'''}}, and sometimes misspelled {{transl|ja|'''hari hachi bu'''}}) is a ]<ref name="Buettner, pp. 7, 227">Buettner, pp. 7, 227</ref> teaching that instructs people to eat until they are 80 percent full.<ref name=Okinawa /> The ]ese phrase translates to "Eat until you are eight parts (out of ten) full",<ref name="Okinawa">{{cite book| author = Willcox BJ |author2=Willcox DC |author3=Suzuki M| title = The Okinawa Program : How the World's Longest-Lived People Achieve Everlasting Health And How You Can Too| year = 2002| publisher = ]| isbn = 978-0-609-80750-7| pages = }}</ref> or "belly 80 percent full".<ref name="Grossman">{{cite journal|author=Grossman, Terry|title=Latest advances in antiaging medicine|year=2005|journal=The Keio Journal of Medicine|volume=54|issue=2|pages=85–94|doi=10.2302/kjm.54.85|pmid=16077258|doi-access=free}}</ref> There is evidence that following this practice leads to a lower ] and increased longevity, and it might even help to prevent ] in the elderly.


==Okinawans== ==Effects==
] chart]] ] chart]]
⚫ Biochemist ], a professor at ] in the 1930s, reported that significant ] prolonged life in laboratory animals.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Ingram, DK|title=Development of calorie restriction mimetics as a prolongevity strategy|journal=Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences|year=2004|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|doi=10.1196/annals.1297.074 |display-authors=etal|volume=1019|issue=1|pages=412–423|pmid=15247056|bibcode=2004NYASA1019..412I|s2cid=35738969|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1235868}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/EAD/pdf_guides/RMA01087.pdf|title=Clive McCay papers, 1920–1967 | publisher = ] | access-date=June 1, 2011}}</ref> Authors Bradley and Craig Wilcox along with Makoto Suzuki believe that {{transl|ja|hara hachi bun me}} may act as a form of calorie restriction, and therefore extend the ] for those who practice this philosophy. They take the case of ], whose population rank at the top in terms of life expectancy: they believe that {{transl|ja|hara hachi bun me}} assists in keeping the average Okinawan's BMI low, and this is thought to be due to the delay in the stomach stretch receptors that help signal ]. The result of not practising {{transl|ja|hara hachi bun me}} is a constant stretching of the stomach which in turn increases the amount of food needed to feel full.<ref name=Okinawa />
⚫ As of the early 21st century, ]ns in ], through practicing ''hara hachi bu'', are the only human population to have a self-imposed habit of calorie restriction.<ref name=Okinawa /> They consume about 1,800<ref name=Grossman /> to 1,900 kilo-calories per day.<ref>Beuttner, p. 233</ref> Their elders' typical ] (BMI) is about 18 to 22, compared to a typical BMI of 26 or 27 for adults over 60 in the ].<ref name="BasicNutrition">{{cite book| author = Smolin LA|author2=Grosvenor MB| title = Basic Nutrition| year = 2004| publisher = ]| isbn = 0-7910-7850-7 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=pqueMlren1cC&pg=PA134 | pages = 134 }}</ref> Okinawa has the world's highest proportion of ]s, at approximately 50 per 100,000 people.<ref>{{cite web|title=Okinawa's Centenarians|url=http://www.okicent.org/cent.html|work=The Okinawa Centenarian Study|accessdate=21 April 2013}}</ref>


Yoshida Iwase and colleagues have investigated the reasons why some centenarians are able to reach such old ages without signs of dementia, and among other factors, they've found out that following the ''hara hachi bun me'' philosophy might contribute to healthier neurological markers for the elderly.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Iwase |first1=T. |last2=Yoshida |first2=M. |last3=Hashizume |first3=Y. |title=Factors contributing to improve the quality of life in dementia-free centenarians |journal=Journal of the Neurological Sciences |date=October 2015 |volume=357 |page=e129 |doi=10.1016/j.jns.2015.08.414}}</ref>
⚫ Biochemist ], a professor at ] in the 1930s, reported that significant ] prolonged life in laboratory animals.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Ingram, DK|title=Development of calorie restriction mimetics as a prolongevity strategy|journal=Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences|year=2004|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|doi=10.1196/annals.1297.074 |display-authors=etal|volume=1019|pages=412–423|pmid=15247056}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/EAD/pdf_guides/RMA01087.pdf|format=PDF|title=Clive McCay papers, 1920-1967 | publisher = ] | accessdate=June 1, 2011}}</ref> Authors Bradley and Craig Wilcox and Makoto Suzuki believe that ''hara hachi bu'' may act as a form of calorie restriction, thus extending practitioners' ]. They believe ''hara hachi bun me'' assists in keeping the average Okinawan's BMI low, and this is thought to be due to the delay in the stomach stretch receptors that help signal ]. The result of not practising ''hara hachi bun me'' is a constant stretching of the stomach which in turn increases the amount of food needed to feel full.<ref name=Okinawa />

==Okinawans==
⚫ ]ns are a minority culture who, although part of ], are descendants of the ] and who had influences from mainland China. Okinawa has the world's highest proportion of ]s, at approximately 50 per 100,000 people.<ref>{{cite web|title=Okinawa's Centenarians|url=http://www.okicent.org/cent.html|work=The Okinawa Centenarian Study|access-date=21 April 2013}}</ref> They are known to practise {{transl|ja|hara hachi bun me}},<ref name=Okinawa /> and as a result they typically consume about 1,800<ref name=Grossman /> to 1,900 kilo-calories per day.<ref>Beuttner, p. 233</ref> The typical ] (BMI) of their elders is about 18 to 22, compared to a typical BMI of 26 or 27 for adults over 60 years of age in the ].<ref name="BasicNutrition">{{cite book| author = Smolin LA|author2=Grosvenor MB| title = Basic Nutrition| year = 2004| publisher = ]| isbn = 0-7910-7850-7 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=pqueMlren1cC&pg=PA134 | page = 134 }}</ref>

==In other cultures==
The philosophy of {{transl|ja|hara hachi bun me}}, is also found in other cultures.

===China===
From the teachings of ],<ref name="Buettner, pp. 7, 227"/> philosophies dating back to the 5th century BCE in China, a proverb found in ] states: {{transl|zh|"Chīfàn qī fēn bǎo, sān fēn han"}} ({{lang|zh|吃飯七分飽、三分寒}}) or "only eat 7 parts full, and wear 3 parts less.")<ref name="Michalsen2019">{{cite book|author=Andreas Michalsen|title=The Natural Prescription: A Doctor's Guide to the Science of Natural Medicine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4daVDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT82|date= 2019|publisher=Hodder & Stoughton|isbn=978-1-5293-6656-3|pages=82–}}</ref>

===Middle East===
The principle of avoiding ] also appears in Islam, dating back to the 14th century by prophet Muhammad, embodied in the proverb stating: "you should fill one third of the stomach with liquid, another third with food, and leave the rest empty."<ref name="Michalsen2019"/>


==Influence== ==Influence==
In the 1965 book '']'', the author quotes ] in his lecture for ] beginners as telling his students about the book ''Zazen Yojinki'' (''Precautions to Observe in Zazen''), written circa 1300, which advises practitioners to eat about two-thirds of their capacity. Yasutani advises his students to eat only eighty percent of their capacity, and he repeats a Japanese proverb: “eight parts of a full stomach sustain the man; the other two sustain the doctor”.<ref>{{cite book| last1 = Kapleau| first1 = Philip| title = The Three pillars of Zen: teaching, practice, and enlightenment| year = 1989| publisher = Anchor Books| location = New York| isbn = 0-385-26093-8| pages = 43–44| ref = harv }}</ref>


=== Confucian philosophy ===
⚫ ''Hara hachi bun me'' was popularized in the United States by a variety of modern books on diet and longevity.<ref>Buettner, pp. 83, 96, 103, 233</ref><ref>{{cite book| last = Beckerman| first = James| title = The Flex Diet| year = 2011| publisher = ]| isbn = 978-1-4391-5569-1| pages = 162–163 }}</ref>
The practise of a ] teaching that cautioned about eating too much, so as not to over burden the spleen, stomach or heart <ref name=":0">{{cite book |last1=Kapleau |first1=Philip |title=The Three pillars of Zen: teaching, practice, and enlightenment |publisher=Anchor Books |year=1989 |isbn=0-385-26093-8 |location=New York |pages=43–44}}</ref> evolved into a ]ese ] as: "Hara hachi bun ni yamai nashi, hara juuni bun ni isha tarazu" (腹八分に病なし、腹十二分に医者足らず) or literally "stomach 80% in, no illness, stomach 120% in, doctor shortage" which usually translated into English as "eight parts of a full stomach sustain the man; the other two sustain the doctor".<ref name=":0" />

===Zen philosophy===
In the 1965 book '']'', the author quotes ] in his lecture for {{transl|ja|]}} beginners advising his students about the book {{transl|ja|Zazen Yojinki}} (''Precautions to Observe in'' {{transl|ja|Zazen}}), written circa 1300, advised them to eat no more than eighty percent of their capacity, reinforced by the proverb above.<ref name=":0" />

===American culture===
⚫ {{transl|ja|Hara hachi bun me}} was popularised in the United States by a variety of modern books on diet and longevity.<ref>Buettner, pp. 83, 96, 103, 233</ref><ref>{{cite book| last = Beckerman| first = James| title = The Flex Diet| year = 2011| publisher = ]| isbn = 978-1-4391-5569-1| pages = | url-access = registration| url = https://archive.org/details/flexdiet00beck/page/162}}</ref>


==See also== ==See also==
⚫ * ]
* ] * ]
* ]
⚫ * ]


==References== ==References==
⚫ {{reflist}}
⚫ * {{cite book| last = Buettner| first = Dan| authorlink = Dan Buettner| title = The Blue Zones| year = 2008| publisher = National Geographic Society| isbn = 978-1-4262-0274-2 }}


==Footnotes== ===Bibliography===
⚫ * {{cite book| last = Buettner| first = Dan| author-link = Dan Buettner| title = The Blue Zones| year = 2008| publisher = National Geographic Society| isbn = 978-1-4262-0274-2 }}
⚫ {{reflist|2}}


{{Japanese social terms}}
==External links==


] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
]

Latest revision as of 02:37, 9 December 2024

Confucian teaching about eating habits

Hara hachi bun me (腹八分目) (also spelled hara hachi bu, and sometimes misspelled hari hachi bu) is a Confucian teaching that instructs people to eat until they are 80 percent full. The Japanese phrase translates to "Eat until you are eight parts (out of ten) full", or "belly 80 percent full". There is evidence that following this practice leads to a lower body mass index and increased longevity, and it might even help to prevent dementia in the elderly.

Effects

Chart showing underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese
Body mass index chart

Biochemist Clive McCay, a professor at Cornell University in the 1930s, reported that significant calorie restriction prolonged life in laboratory animals. Authors Bradley and Craig Wilcox along with Makoto Suzuki believe that hara hachi bun me may act as a form of calorie restriction, and therefore extend the life expectancy for those who practice this philosophy. They take the case of Okinawa, whose population rank at the top in terms of life expectancy: they believe that hara hachi bun me assists in keeping the average Okinawan's BMI low, and this is thought to be due to the delay in the stomach stretch receptors that help signal satiety. The result of not practising hara hachi bun me is a constant stretching of the stomach which in turn increases the amount of food needed to feel full.

Yoshida Iwase and colleagues have investigated the reasons why some centenarians are able to reach such old ages without signs of dementia, and among other factors, they've found out that following the hara hachi bun me philosophy might contribute to healthier neurological markers for the elderly.

Okinawans

Okinawans are a minority culture who, although part of Japan, are descendants of the Ryukyuan Kingdom and who had influences from mainland China. Okinawa has the world's highest proportion of centenarians, at approximately 50 per 100,000 people. They are known to practise hara hachi bun me, and as a result they typically consume about 1,800 to 1,900 kilo-calories per day. The typical body mass index (BMI) of their elders is about 18 to 22, compared to a typical BMI of 26 or 27 for adults over 60 years of age in the United States.

In other cultures

The philosophy of hara hachi bun me, is also found in other cultures.

China

From the teachings of Confucius, philosophies dating back to the 5th century BCE in China, a proverb found in Traditional Chinese Medicine states: "Chīfàn qī fēn bǎo, sān fēn han" (吃飯七分飽、三分寒) or "only eat 7 parts full, and wear 3 parts less.")

Middle East

The principle of avoiding surfeit also appears in Islam, dating back to the 14th century by prophet Muhammad, embodied in the proverb stating: "you should fill one third of the stomach with liquid, another third with food, and leave the rest empty."

Influence

Confucian philosophy

The practise of a Confucian teaching that cautioned about eating too much, so as not to over burden the spleen, stomach or heart evolved into a Japanese proverb as: "Hara hachi bun ni yamai nashi, hara juuni bun ni isha tarazu" (腹八分に病なし、腹十二分に医者足らず) or literally "stomach 80% in, no illness, stomach 120% in, doctor shortage" which usually translated into English as "eight parts of a full stomach sustain the man; the other two sustain the doctor".

Zen philosophy

In the 1965 book Three Pillars of Zen, the author quotes Hakuun Yasutani in his lecture for zazen beginners advising his students about the book Zazen Yojinki (Precautions to Observe in Zazen), written circa 1300, advised them to eat no more than eighty percent of their capacity, reinforced by the proverb above.

American culture

Hara hachi bun me was popularised in the United States by a variety of modern books on diet and longevity.

See also

References

  1. ^ Buettner, pp. 7, 227
  2. ^ Willcox BJ; Willcox DC; Suzuki M (2002). The Okinawa Program : How the World's Longest-Lived People Achieve Everlasting Health And How You Can Too. Three Rivers Press. pp. 86–87. ISBN 978-0-609-80750-7.
  3. ^ Grossman, Terry (2005). "Latest advances in antiaging medicine". The Keio Journal of Medicine. 54 (2): 85–94. doi:10.2302/kjm.54.85. PMID 16077258.
  4. Ingram, DK; et al. (2004). "Development of calorie restriction mimetics as a prolongevity strategy". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1019 (1). Wiley-Blackwell: 412–423. Bibcode:2004NYASA1019..412I. doi:10.1196/annals.1297.074. PMID 15247056. S2CID 35738969.
  5. "Clive McCay papers, 1920–1967" (PDF). Cornell University Library. Retrieved June 1, 2011.
  6. Iwase, T.; Yoshida, M.; Hashizume, Y. (October 2015). "Factors contributing to improve the quality of life in dementia-free centenarians". Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 357: e129. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2015.08.414.
  7. "Okinawa's Centenarians". The Okinawa Centenarian Study. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
  8. Beuttner, p. 233
  9. Smolin LA; Grosvenor MB (2004). Basic Nutrition. Infobase Publishing. p. 134. ISBN 0-7910-7850-7.
  10. ^ Andreas Michalsen (2019). The Natural Prescription: A Doctor's Guide to the Science of Natural Medicine. Hodder & Stoughton. pp. 82–. ISBN 978-1-5293-6656-3.
  11. ^ Kapleau, Philip (1989). The Three pillars of Zen: teaching, practice, and enlightenment. New York: Anchor Books. pp. 43–44. ISBN 0-385-26093-8.
  12. Buettner, pp. 83, 96, 103, 233
  13. Beckerman, James (2011). The Flex Diet. Touchstone. pp. 162–163. ISBN 978-1-4391-5569-1.

Bibliography

Japanese social concepts and values
Sociocultural values
Aesthetics
Etiquette and
social norms
Types of people
Subcultures
Work culture
Categories: