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| {{Short description|15th Sultan of Sindh}} | |||
| {{Infobox royalty | {{Infobox royalty | ||
| | name =Jam Nizamuddin II <br><small>{{ |
| name = Jam Nizamuddin II <br/><small>{{lang|sd|ڄام نظام الدين ثاني}}</small> | ||
| | title = | | title = | ||
| | image = Tomb of Sultan Jam Nizamuddin.jpg | |||
| | image = | |||
| | caption = Jam Nizamuddin II's tomb at ] | |||
| | caption = | |||
| | succession = ] | | succession = 15th ] | ||
| | reign = |
| reign = 1461–1508 | ||
| | full name |
| full name = Jam Nizamuddin (Nindo) bin Sadruddin | ||
| | predecessor =] |
| predecessor = ] | ||
| | successor =] |
| successor = ] | ||
| | dynasty =] | | dynasty = ] | ||
| | father = |
| father = Jam Sadrudin bin Jam Unar (Banbhina) | ||
| | birth_date |
| birth_date = 8 August 1440 <!-- {{birth date|yyyy|mm|dd|df=yes}} --> | ||
| | birth_place =], ] | | birth_place = ], ] | ||
| | death_date = |
| death_date = 1509 (aged 68–69) <!-- {{death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|yyyy|mm|dd|df=yes}} --> | ||
| | death_place =], ] | | death_place = ], ] | ||
| | burial_place =], ] | | burial_place = ], ] | ||
| | religion = ] | |||
| }} | }} | ||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| '''Jám Nizámuddín II''' ({{ |
'''Jám Nizámuddín II''' ({{langx|sd|ڄام نظام الدين ثاني}}; 1439–1509), also known as '''Jam Nizam al-Din''' or '''Jám Nindó''' ({{langx|sd|ڄام نندو|links=no}}), was the 15th ] from ] between 1461 and 1508 CE. His capital was ] in modern-day southern ]. After his death, his son ]udin lost the Sultanate in 1525 CE to an invading army of Shah Beg Arghun,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2004-04-11 |title=Grave Tales |url=http://www.hindu.com/mag/2004/04/11/stories/2004041100590800.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040907145359/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2004/04/11/stories/2004041100590800.htm |archive-date=2004-09-07 |work=] |accessdate=2009-03-12}}</ref> who had been thrown out of Kandahar by ]. | ||
| ⚫ | ==Tomb== | ||
| Nizamuddin's grave is located on ] and part of the world heritage site of Historical Monuments at Makli.<ref> UNESCO Retrieved 14 June 2014</ref> The tomb is an impressive stone structure with fine ornamental carving similar to the 15th-century Gujrat style.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/weekly/dmag/archive/011111/dmag10.htm | |
Nizamuddin's grave is located on ] and part of the world heritage site of Historical Monuments at Makli.<ref> UNESCO Retrieved 14 June 2014</ref> The tomb is an impressive stone structure with fine ornamental carving similar to the 15th-century Gujrat style.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dawn: The necropolis of Sindh by Omar Mukhtar Khan |url=http://www.dawn.com/weekly/dmag/archive/011111/dmag10.htm |url-status=dead |accessdate=2009-03-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006011315/http://www.dawn.com/weekly/dmag/archive/011111/dmag10.htm |archivedate=October 6, 2008}}</ref> It has been restored but suffers from cracks and wall distortions caused by rough weathering and erosion of the slope on which it stands.<ref>''The Tomb of Jam Nizam al-Din, documentation and condition survey''. Heritage Foundation, Karachi, Pakistan. 2011.</ref> | ||
| ==History== | |||
| Nizamuddín was elected to the throne of the Kingdom by joint councils of men of Thatta, as well as of the military on the 25th of ], 866 (1461 CE), after the death of his father ]. Shortly, after his accession, he went with a large force to ], where he spent about a year, fighting ] tribes. He strengthened the fort of Bukkur and left the place in charge of his house-born slave Dilshád, after returning to the capital. | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| For a period of forty-eight years, he reigned ] with absolute power. He was considered a wise and a just ruler, under whom ] and ]s flourished, while the people enjoyed a long period of peace and prosperity. Travelers could pass throughout Sindh, without harm to their person or property. The people followed strict ] rules. Congregations assembled in the mosques: no one was willing to say his prayers alone. The rise of Thatta, as an important commercial and cultural center, was directly related to his patronage and policies. The period contributed significantly to the evolution of a prevailing architectural style that can be classified as early Sindhi-Islamic. | |||
| ] | |||
| In the last part of Nizamuddín's reign, after 1490 CE, a ] army under ] came from ] and attacked many villages of Chundooha and Sideejuh, invading the towns of Ágrí, Ohándukah, ] Sindichah and Kót Máchián. Nizamuddín sent a large army under his Vazier and adopted son ],<ref></ref> which, arriving at the village known by the name of Duruh-i-Kureeb, also known as Joolow Geer or Halúkhar near Sibi, defeated the Mughals in a pitched battle. According to other sources, this battle took place at Jalwakhir near Bibi Nani in the Bolan pass.<ref>Haig, Maj Gen M.R., ''The Indus Delta Country'' K.Paul, Trench, Trubner &Co. 1894.</ref> Sháh Beg Arghun’s brother Abú Muhammad Mirzá was killed in battle, and the Mughuls fled back to Kandahár, never to return during the reign of Nizamuddin. Soon thereafter, Nizamuddin died after a long reign of 48 years. | |||
| ==Character== | |||
| It is said that as a young man he was eager to learn, spending much of his time in college and cloisters. He had a good, affectionate temper, was obliging and an industrious person. He was very religious and regular in his prayers and practiced abstinence. In his days mosques were said to be always full at the time of prayers. | |||
| According to a story he visited his stables regularly every week and would pass his hand over the forehead of his horses saying "O lucky beings, I do not wish to ride you in order to fight with others, unless to go against ]s. On all the four sides of us we have Muslim rulers. May God never give us any cause other than in accordance with the religious law, to go elsewhere, or others to come here, lest innocent blood of Muslims be shed and I be ashamed in the august presence of God." | |||
| Nizamuddin and Sultan Hoosain Langah of ] were befriended even though the latter had sheltered Samma nobles expelled by Nizamuddin. | |||
| Nizamuddin was fond of the company of learned men, with whom he liked discussing literary subjects. There is a story that a learned man of ], Jaláluddín Muhammad Roomi, had come from ] to Sindh and had sent his two pupils Mír Shamsuddín and Mír Muín to Thatta to arrange for his sojourn there. Nizamuddin, learning the intention of the Persian scholar, ordered a place to be prepared for his reception and sent the two pupils with a large sum for expenses of the journey, ordering them to bring the learned man. But before their arrival their master had died. Mír Shamsuddín and Mír Muín therefore returned to Thatta in vain and took up their abode at the place. | |||
| ⚫ | ==Tomb== | ||
| Cousens wrote in ''The Antiquities of Sind'':<ref>Henry Cousens, The Antiquities of Sind, Archaeological Survey of India 46, Imperial Series (Calcutta, 1929, rptd. Karachi, 1975).</ref> | Cousens wrote in ''The Antiquities of Sind'':<ref>Henry Cousens, The Antiquities of Sind, Archaeological Survey of India 46, Imperial Series (Calcutta, 1929, rptd. Karachi, 1975).</ref> | ||
| {{ |
{{blockquote|His tomb is in the necropolis on Makli Hill. It is square in the plan but the dome was never constructed, work stopped when the walls reached the ]. On the exterior of the building there are twelve bands of decoration running around the building from top to bottom comprising diamonds, lotuses, Quranic inscriptions, and geometric patterns. There are two unusual features: the mihrab in the interior and the corresponding balcony on the exterior. This type of balcony recalls those in Gujarat therefore it is possible that craftsmen from Gujarat were responsible for this tomb. This is a close view of a section of the wall, showing the richly carved balcony and the bands of decorative carving along the wall.}} | ||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| Line 53: | Line 35: | ||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
| {{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
| *{{source attribution|''History of Sind – translated from Persian books'' by Mirza Kalichbeg Fredunbeg (1853–1929), published in ] in 1902}} | |||
| ==External links== | ==External links== | ||
| *{{Commons category-inline}} | |||
| * Islamic culture - Page 429, by Islamic Culture Board | |||
| ⚫ | * | ||
| * A History of India Under the Two First Sovereigns of the House of Taimur, by William Erskine | |||
| * ] - Page 224, by Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, Bhāratīya Itihāsa Samiti | |||
| * The Ṭabaqāt-i-Akbarī of K̲h̲wājah Nizāmuddīn Ahmad: a history of India, by Niẓām al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad Muqīm, Brajendranath De, Baini Prashad | |||
| * Bibliotheca Indica - Page 778, by Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal, Asiatic Society (Calcutta, India) | |||
| * Searchlights on Baloches and Balochistan, by Mir Khuda Bakhsh Marri | |||
| * The Delhi Sultanate, by Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi, Ramesh Chandra Majumdar, Asoke Kumar Majumdar, A. D. Pusalker | |||
| * Babar, by Radhey Shyam | |||
| * Indo-Arab relations: an English rendering of Arab oʾ Hind ke taʾllugat, by Syed Sulaiman Nadvi, Sayyid Sulaimān Nadvī, M. Salahuddin | |||
| * ]: The Muhammadan Period, by Henry Miers Elliot, John Dowson | |||
| * Muslim Kingship in India, by Nagendra Kumar Singh | |||
| * The Indus Delta country: a memoir, chiefly on its ancient geography and history, by Malcolm Robert Haig | |||
| * The Samma kingdom of Sindh: historical studies, by G̲h̲ulāmu Muḥammadu Lākho, University of Sind. Institute of Sindology | |||
| * Imperial Gazetteer of India, by William Wilson Hunter, James Sutherland Cotton, ], William Stevenson Meyer, Great Britain. India Office, John George Bartholomew | |||
| ==External links== | |||
| ⚫ | * |
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| {{S-start}} | {{S-start}} | ||
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| {{S-ttl|title=]|years=1461-1508}} | {{S-ttl|title=]|years=1461-1508}} | ||
| {{S-aft|after=]}} | {{S-aft|after=]}} | ||
| {{end}} | {{s-end}} | ||
| {{authority control}} | |||
| {{DEFAULTSORT:Jam Nizamuddin Ii}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Jam Nizamuddin Ii}} | ||
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Latest revision as of 12:51, 1 January 2025
15th Sultan of Sindh| Jam Nizamuddin II ڄام نظام الدين ثاني | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Jam Nizamuddin II's tomb at Makli Necropolis | |||||
| 15th Sultan of Sindh | |||||
| Reign | 1461–1508 | ||||
| Predecessor | Jam Sanjar | ||||
| Successor | Jam Feruz | ||||
| Born | 8 August 1440 Thatta, Sindh | ||||
| Died | 1509 (aged 68–69) Thatta, Sindh | ||||
| Burial | Makli Hill, Pakistan | ||||
| |||||
| Dynasty | Samma dynasty | ||||
| Father | Jam Sadrudin bin Jam Unar (Banbhina) | ||||
| Religion | Sunni Islam | ||||
Jám Nizámuddín II (Sindhi: ڄام نظام الدين ثاني; 1439–1509), also known as Jam Nizam al-Din or Jám Nindó (Sindhi: ڄام نندو), was the 15th Sultan of Sindh from Samma dynasty between 1461 and 1508 CE. His capital was Thatta in modern-day southern Pakistan. After his death, his son Jám Ferózudin lost the Sultanate in 1525 CE to an invading army of Shah Beg Arghun, who had been thrown out of Kandahar by Babur.
Tomb
Nizamuddin's grave is located on Makli Hill and part of the world heritage site of Historical Monuments at Makli. The tomb is an impressive stone structure with fine ornamental carving similar to the 15th-century Gujrat style. It has been restored but suffers from cracks and wall distortions caused by rough weathering and erosion of the slope on which it stands.
Cousens wrote in The Antiquities of Sind:
His tomb is in the necropolis on Makli Hill. It is square in the plan but the dome was never constructed, work stopped when the walls reached the springing line. On the exterior of the building there are twelve bands of decoration running around the building from top to bottom comprising diamonds, lotuses, Quranic inscriptions, and geometric patterns. There are two unusual features: the mihrab in the interior and the corresponding balcony on the exterior. This type of balcony recalls those in Gujarat therefore it is possible that craftsmen from Gujarat were responsible for this tomb. This is a close view of a section of the wall, showing the richly carved balcony and the bands of decorative carving along the wall.
See also
References
- Ephrat, Daphna; Wolper, Ethel Sara; Pinto, Paulo G. (7 December 2020). Saintly Spheres and Islamic Landscapes: Emplacements of Spiritual Power across Time and Place. BRILL. p. 276. ISBN 978-90-04-44427-0.
- "Grave Tales". The Hindu. 2004-04-11. Archived from the original on 2004-09-07. Retrieved 2009-03-12.
- Historical Monuments at Makli, Thatta UNESCO Retrieved 14 June 2014
- "Dawn: The necropolis of Sindh by Omar Mukhtar Khan". Archived from the original on October 6, 2008. Retrieved 2009-03-12.
- The Tomb of Jam Nizam al-Din, documentation and condition survey. Heritage Foundation, Karachi, Pakistan. 2011.
- Henry Cousens, The Antiquities of Sind, Archaeological Survey of India 46, Imperial Series (Calcutta, 1929, rptd. Karachi, 1975).
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: History of Sind – translated from Persian books by Mirza Kalichbeg Fredunbeg (1853–1929), published in Karachi in 1902
External links
Media related to Jam Nizamuddin II at Wikimedia Commons- مکلی کے شہرِ خموشاں میں جام نندو کا مقبرہ
| Jam Nizamuddin II Samma dynastyBorn: 1439 Died: 1509 | ||
| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded byJam Sanjar | Sultan of Sindh 1461-1508 |
Succeeded byJam Feroz |