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{{Infobox politician {{Short description|British politician (1919–1996)}}
⚫ {{more citations needed|date=November 2017}}
⚫ {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|honorific-prefix = ] |honorific-prefix = ]
|name = The Lord Amery of Lustleigh |name = The Lord Amery of Lustleigh
|honorific-suffix = ] |honorific-suffix = ]
| image = Julian Amery 1965-11-10 (cropped).jpg | image = Julian Amery 1965-11-10 (cropped).jpg
| caption = Julian Amery, 1965 | caption = Julian Amery, 1965
Line 25: Line 28:
| succeeded3 = ''Office abolished'' | succeeded3 = ''Office abolished''
| office4 = | office4 =
| office5 = ]<br>for ] | office5 = ]<br />for ]
| term_start5 = 23 February 1950 | term_start5 = 23 February 1950
| term_end5 = 31 March 1966 | term_end5 = 10 March 1966
| predecessor5 = ] | predecessor5 = ]
| successor5 = ] | successor5 = ]
| office6 = ]<br>for ] | office6 = ]<br />for ]
| term_start6 = 27 March 1969 | term_start6 = 27 March 1969
| term_end6 = 9 April 1992 | term_end6 = 16 March 1992
| predecessor6 = ] | predecessor6 = ]
| successor6 = ] | successor6 = ]
| birth_name = Harold Julian Amery
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1919|03|27|df=y}} | birth_date = {{Birth date|1919|03|27|df=y}}
| birth_place = London, England
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1996|09|03|1919|03|27|df=y}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1996|09|03|1919|03|27|df=y}}
| death_place = London, England
| party = ]
| spouse = {{marriage|Catherine Macmillan|1950|1991|end = died}}
| children = 4
| allegiance = United Kingdom | allegiance = United Kingdom
| rank = ] | rank = ]
| branch = ] | branch = ]
| battles = Second World War | battles = ]
| alma_mater = ] | alma_mater = ]
}} }}


⚫ '''Harold Julian Amery, Baron Amery of Lustleigh''', {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|PC}} (27 March 1919 – 3 September 1996) was a ] politician, who served as a ] (MP) for 39 of the 42 years between 1950 and 1992. He was appointed to the ] in 1960.
⚫ {{moresources|date=November 2017}}


Amery was created a life peer upon his retirement from the ] in 1992. For three decades, he was a leading figure in the ]. He was the son-in-law of Conservative prime minister ]. In 1945, his brother, ], was hanged for high ] during the ].<ref>{{Cite news |url= http://www.stephen-stratford.co.uk/amery_times.htm |title=Amery sentenced to death |access-date=16 March 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120304130900/http://www.stephen-stratford.co.uk/amery_times.htm |archive-date=4 March 2012 |url-status=dead |newspaper=The Times |location= London |date=29 November 1945}}</ref>
⚫ '''Harold Julian Amery, Baron Amery of Lustleigh,''' ] (27 March 1919 – 3 September 1996), was a ] politician of the ], who served as a ] (MP) for 39 of the 42 years between 1950 and 1992. He was appointed to the ] in 1960.

He was created a life peer upon his retirement from the ] in 1992. For three decades, he was a leading figure in the ]. He was the son-in-law of Conservative prime minister ].


==Early and family life== ==Early and family life==
Amery was born in ], London, on 27 March 1919.<ref name = ODNB>{{cite ODNB|title = Amery, (Harold) Julian, Baron Amery of Lustleigh (1919–1996), politician|last = Cosgrave|first = Patrick|date = 2004|doi = 10.1093/ref:odnb/63313}}</ref> His father was ], a British statesman and Conservative politician. He was educated at ],<ref>{{Cite book|title=Supermac: The Life of Harold Macmillan| first=D. R. | last= Thorpe |publisher=Pimlico |location=London |year=2011 |isbn=9781844135417 |page=21|oclc=751719981}}</ref> ], ] and ]. While an undergraduate, he had a brief romance with the future novelist ], who was six years his senior.<ref>{{cite book|title=Speaking for England: Leo, Julian and John Amery, the Tragedy of a Political Family|first=David|last= Faber|publisher=Free Press|year= 2005|isbn= 9780743256889|pages=73–74}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Adventures of Miss Barbara Pym |first=Paula |last= Byrne |publisher=William Collins |location=London |year= 2021 |isbn= 9780008322243}} The index contains a combined total of over 70 page numbers and page ranges either directly about, or mentioning, Amery.</ref>
Amery's father was ], a British statesman and Conservative politician. His brother, ], was hanged for ] having pleaded guilty to making recruitment efforts and propaganda broadcasts for ].{{cn|date=November 2017}}

Amery was educated at ],<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/751719981|title=Supermac: the life of Harold Macmillan|date=2011|publisher=Pimlico|isbn=9781844135417|location=London, UK|page=21|oclc=751719981}}</ref> ], ] and ]. While an ], he had a brief romance with the novelist ], who was some years his senior.<ref>Faber, David. ''Speaking for England''<!--page(s)--></ref>

==Marriage and children==
On 26 January 1950, he married Catherine Macmillan (died 1991), daughter of ]. The couple had one son, Leo Amery, a stained glass artist, and three daughters: Caroline Louise Michelle Amery (born 1951), Theresa Catherine Roxane Amery (born 1954), and Alexandra Elizabeth Charmian Amery (born 1956).{{cn|date=November 2017}}


==Military service== ==Military service==
Before the ] started, Amery was a war correspondent in the ] and later an attaché for the British ] in ]. After the war began, he joined the RAF as a sergeant in 1940 then was commissioned and transferred to the ] on the ] in 1941, reaching the rank of ]. Before the ] started, Amery was a war correspondent in the ] and later an attaché for the British ] in Belgrade. After the war began he joined the RAF as a sergeant in 1940, then was commissioned and transferred to the ] on the ] in 1941, reaching the rank of ].


He spent 1941–42 in the eastern Mediterranean (the Middle East, ], ]) and served as Liaison Officer to the ] in 1943–44 ("The Musketeers": Captain Julian Amery, Major ] and Lieutenant-Colonel ]). The following year, Amery went to China to work with General ], then Prime Minister's Personal Representative to ] ]. Amery became a close friend of King ] and described him as "the cleverest man I have ever met".<ref>Amery, Julian, ''Approach March: a Venture in Autobiography''. Hutchinson, 1973<!--publisher, page(s) needed--></ref> He spent 1941–42 in the eastern Mediterranean (the Middle East, ], ]) and served as Liaison Officer to the ] in 1943–44 ("The Musketeers": Captain Julian Amery, Major ] and Lieutenant-Colonel ]). The following year, Amery went to China to work with General ], then Prime Minister's Personal Representative to ] ]. Amery became a close friend of King ] and described him as "the cleverest man I have ever met".<ref>Amery, Julian, ''Approach March: a Venture in Autobiography''. Hutchinson, 1973<!--publisher, page(s) needed--></ref>


==Political career== ==Political career==
Amery won a Parliamentary seat in the first general election held after he returned to civilian life, in 1950. He was elected as Conservative MP for ], going on to hold a number of government offices, all in governments led by his father-in-law, now the Prime Minister. He began with two Under-Secretaryships of State: for War (1957–58) and for the Colonies (1958–60). He was promoted to ] (1960–62), followed by a promotion to the post of ] (1962–64). In this role, Amery played a major role in developing the supersonic passenger service known as ]. Amery won a Parliamentary seat in the first general election held after he returned to civilian life, in 1950. He was elected as Conservative MP for ], going on to hold a number of government offices, all in governments led by his father-in-law, now the Prime Minister. He began with two Under-Secretaryships of State: for War (1957–58) and for the Colonies (1958–60).<ref name = ODNB/> He was promoted to ] (1960–62), followed by a promotion to the post of ] (1962–64). In this role and during this two-year period, Amery was involved in the planning stages of what would become the supersonic passenger service known as ].<ref name = ODNB/>


Amery lost his seat in 1966, but was elected again in 1969 for ], a seat he would hold until 1992 when he retired. On 8 July 1992, he was created a ] as '''Baron Amery of ]''', of ] in the County of ] and of ] in the County of ].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=52988|date=13 July 1992|page=11759}}</ref> Amery lost his Preston North seat in 1966, but was re-elected to the Commons in 1969 representing ], a seat he would hold until 1992 when he retired.<ref name = ODNB/> On 8 July 1992, he was created a ] as Baron Amery of ], of ] in the County of Lancashire and of ] in the County of East Sussex.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=52988|date=13 July 1992|page=11759}}</ref>


Under the ] administration, Amery held three ministerial posts: ] (1970), Minister for Housing and Construction (1970–72) and Minister of State, Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs (1972–74). Under the ] administration, Amery held three ministerial posts: ] (1970), Minister for Housing and Construction (1970–72) and Minister of State, Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs (1972–74).<ref name = ODNB/>


===Monday Club=== ===Monday Club===
For 30 years, Julian Amery was an active member and later a Patron of the ], where he became friendly with General Sir ], subsequently writing the foreword for Walker's anti-Soviet book, ''The Next Domino''. For 30 years, Amery was an active member and later a Patron of the ], where he became friendly with General Sir ], subsequently writing the foreword for Walker's anti-Soviet book, ''The Next Domino''.


He was Guest of Honour at the Club's Annual Dinner at the Cutlers' Hall in 1963. In 1965, he wrote the foreword for Club activist ]'s book, ''No Vision Here''. On May Day 1970, he was one of the Club's principal speakers at their 'Law and Liberty' rally in ], held in answer to the 'Stop the Seventy Tour' campaign, designed to stop the ]n cricket tour. He was Guest of Honour at the club's Annual Dinner at the Cutlers' Hall in 1963. In 1965, he wrote the foreword for Club activist ]'s book, ''No Vision Here''. On May Day 1970, he was one of the club's principal speakers at their 'Law and Liberty' rally in ], held in answer to the 'Stop the Seventy Tour' campaign, designed to stop the South African cricket tour.


Julian Amery was the Monday Club's Guest-of-Honour at their Annual Dinner held at the ], London, in January 1974 and again at the dinner at the end of the Club's two-day Conference in ] in March 1975. Amery was the Monday Club's Guest-of-Honour at their Annual Dinner held at the ], London, in January 1974 and again at the dinner at the end of the club's two-day Conference in ] in March 1975.


===Political views=== ===Political views===
Amery was in favour of entry to the ] and also of the ]. Both caused some discord between himself and his old friend ]. He was, however, regarded by most as an ].{{cn|date=November 2017}} Amery was in favour of entry to the ] and also of the ]. Both caused some discord between himself and his old friend ] but for many, he was seen as an archetypal Conservative from the "God and ]" school.<ref>{{cite news |title=Julian Amery dies |date=4 September 1996 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/julian-amery-dies-1361693.html |access-date=2 August 2020 |archive-date=25 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425010655/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/julian-amery-dies-1361693.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1948, Amery opposed ], arguing that it limited ]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kahler |first=Miles |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/book/33697 |title=Decolonization in Britain and France: The Domestic Consequences of International Relations |date=1984 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-1-4008-5558-2 |pages=132}}</ref>


⚫ In late 1962 Amery made these comments after Egypt sent troops to ] to prevent an insurrection: <blockquote>"The prosperity of our people rests really on the oil in the ], the rubber and tin of ], and the gold, copper and ]s of South- and Central Africa. As long as we have access to these; as long as we can realize the investments we have there; as long as we trade with this part of the world, we shall be prosperous. If the ]s were to take them over, we would lose the lot. Governments like ]'s in ] are just as dangerous."<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.pehi.eu/organisations/1001_Club.htm|year= 1999 |title= The Mayfair Set |first=Adam |last=Curtis |author-link= Adam Curtis |publisher= Broadcast on BBC2 |quote= Excerpt: David Stirling was a close friend of Julian Amery's and together they were determined to find a way to stop Nasser... Stirling and Amery had dinner with the foreign secretary, Alec Douglas Hume, at the White's Club in St. James's. They proposed a plan: a group of SAS men would mount an operation to fight the Egyptians, but they would do it privately |access-date= 13 February 2008 |archive-date=1 February 2008 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080201184618/http://www.pehi.eu/organisations/1001_Club.htm |url-status= dead}}</ref></blockquote>
⚫ In 1963, Amery took charge of ]'s campaign for leadership of the ].<ref>cf.Heffer, 189; 324</ref>


⚫ In 1963, Amery took charge of ]'s campaign for leadership of the ].<ref>cf. Heffer, 189; 324</ref>
⚫ In early 1975, he took part in a ] debate on the ]'s invitation to ], the former ] ] Chief, to visit Britain. He stated that "more and more people are beginning to look upon the TUC as a Communist-penetrated show and this invitation must strengthen that view."{{cn|date=November 2017}}


⚫ In early 1975, he took part in a ] debate on the ]'s invitation to ], the former Soviet ] Chief, to visit Britain. He stated that "more and more people are beginning to look upon the TUC as a Communist-penetrated show and this invitation must strengthen that view."{{citation needed|date=November 2017}}
⚫ According to ]'s 1995 memoir, '']'', when ]'s Labour government proposed ] for ] in 1976, "Julian Amery and ] proved effective leaders of the anti-devolution Tory camp."{{cn|date=November 2017}}


⚫ According to ]'s 1995 memoir, '']'', when ]'s Labour government proposed ] for ] in 1976, "Julian Amery and ] proved effective leaders of the anti-devolution Tory camp."{{citation needed|date=November 2017}}
⚫ Although he was Harold Macmillan's son-in-law, he failed to defend him when Count ] published '']'' in 1986, focusing the ultimate burden of blame sharply on Macmillan for the 1945 Bleiburg repatriations and the Cossack repatriations. Amery stated that the repatriations were "one of the few blots on Harold that I can think of".{{cn|date=November 2017}}


⚫ Although he was Harold Macmillan's son-in-law, he did not defend him when Count ] published '']'' in 1986, focusing the ultimate burden of blame sharply on Macmillan for the 1945 Bleiburg repatriations and the Cossack repatriations. Amery stated that the repatriations were "one of the few blots on Harold that I can think of".<ref>{{cite news |title=Lady Caroline Faber: Daughter of Harold Macmillan who disliked politics but campaigned for her relatives |newspaper=The Times |location= London |date=19 September 2016}}</ref>
==Styles of address==
*1919{{ndash}}1950: Mr Julian Amery
*1950{{ndash}}1960: Mr Julian Amery {{postnominals|country=GBR|MP}}
*1960{{ndash}}1992: The Rt Hon. Julian Amery {{postnominals|country=GBR|MP}}
*1966{{ndash}}1969: The Rt Hon. Julian Amery
*1969{{ndash}}1992: The Rt Hon. Julian Amery {{postnominals|country=GBR|MP}}
*1992: The Rt Hon. Julian Amery
*1992{{ndash}}1996: The Rt Hon. The Lord Amery of Lustleigh {{postnominals|country=GBR|PC}}


==Quotes== ==Personal life==
On 26 January 1950, he married Catherine Macmillan (19 November 1926 – 27 May 1991), daughter of Harold Macmillan. The couple had one son and three daughters.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/incoming/lord-amery-of-lustleigh-obituary-5601769.html|title=Lord Amery of Lustleigh: Obituary|date=5 September 1996|newspaper=The Independent|access-date=2 August 2020|archive-date=2 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702045443/https://www.independent.co.uk/incoming/lord-amery-of-lustleigh-obituary-5601769.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
⚫ "The prosperity of our people rests really on the ] in the ], the ] and tin of ], and the ], ] and ]s of South- and ]. As long as we have access to these; as long as we can realize the investments we have there; as long as we trade with this part of the world, we shall be prosperous. If the ]s were to take them over, we would lose the lot. Governments like ]'s in ] are just as dangerous."<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080201184618/http://www.pehi.eu/organisations/1001_Club.htm|date=1 February 2008}}</ref>


Amery died from heart failure on 3 September 1996, aged 77, at his home in ], Westminster, London.<ref name = ODNB/> He is buried with his wife (who predeceased him) at the ] in ], Devon, along with his father ].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/193122077/harold-julian-amery|title=Harold Julian Amery|website=www.findagrave.com|access-date=2 August 2020|archive-date=31 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211031171311/https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/193122077/harold-julian-amery|url-status=live}}</ref>
==References==
<references/>


==Sources== ==Notes==
;Citations
⚫ * Copping, Robert, ''The Story of The Monday Club – The First Decade'', April 1972 (P/B); and ''The Monday Club – Crisis and After'' (Foreword by ], M.P.), May 1975, (P/B), pps:12 & 24, published by the Current Affairs Information Service.
{{reflist}}
⚫ * Amery, Julian, M.P., et al., ''Rhodesia and the Threat to the West'' Monday Club, London, 1976 (P/B).

⚫ * Gash, Norman, with Donald Southgate, David Dilks, and John Ramsden; introduction by Lord Butler, K.G.,P.C., ''The Conservatives – A History of their Origins to 1965'' London, 1977, pps:268-9. {{ISBN|0-04-942157-3}}
;Bibliography
⚫ * Amery, Julian, PC, MP, ''The Next Four Years'', in the ''] Gazette'', vol.87, no.4, October 1983, London.
⚫ * Amery, Julian, PC, MP et al., ''Rhodesia and the Threat to the West'', London, Monday Club, 1976.
⚫ * Amery, Julian, PC, MP, ''The Next Four Years'', in the ''] Gazette'', vol. 87, no. 4, October 1983, London.
* Amery, Julian, MP, The Rt. Hon., ''Facing up to Soviet Imperialism'', in the Monday Club's October 1985 Conservative Party Conference issue of their newspaper, ''Right Ahead''. * Amery, Julian, MP, The Rt. Hon., ''Facing up to Soviet Imperialism'', in the Monday Club's October 1985 Conservative Party Conference issue of their newspaper, ''Right Ahead''.
⚫ * Amery, Julian,
⚫ * Horne, Alistair, ''Macmillan, 1894–1956'', (volume 1 of the official biography), London, 1988/9, {{ISBN|0-333-27691-4}}, pps: 81, 253, 275, 326, 388, 441.
* Messina, Anthony M, ''Race and Party Competition in Britain'', Oxford, 1989, p.&nbsp;138, {{ISBN|0-19-827534-X}} * ], ''The Adventures of Miss Barbara Pym'', London, William Collins, 2021, {{ISBN|978-0-00-832224-3}}
* ''Dod's Parliamentary Companion 1991'', 172 edition, East Sussex, p.&nbsp;394, {{ISBN|0-905702-17-4}} * ], ''The Tories – Conservatives and The Nation State'', London, 1998, p{{nbsp}}324–5, {{ISBN|0-297-81849-X}}
⚫ * Copping, Robert, ''The Story of The Monday Club – The First Decade'', April 1972 ; and ''The Monday Club – Crisis and After'' (Foreword by ]), May 1975, , pp.{{nbsp}}12, 24, published by the Current Affairs Information Service.
* Clark, Alan, ''The Tories – Conservatives and The Nation State'', London, 1998, pps: 324-5, {{ISBN|0-297-81849-X}}
* ], '']'', London, 1998, {{ISBN|0-297-84286-2}} * ''Dod's Parliamentary Companion 1991'', London, Vacher Dod Publishing Ltd, p.{{nbsp}}394, {{ISBN|0-905702-17-4}}
* Weale, Adrian, ''Patriot Traitors'' – Roger Casement & John Amery, London, 2001, {{ISBN|0-670-88498-7}} * Dorril, Stephen, ''MI6: Inside the Covert World of Her Majesty's Secret Intelligence Service'', New York, The Free Press, 2000 ({{ISBN|0-7432-0379-8}})
* Faber, David, ''Speaking for England'', London, 2005, {{ISBN|0-7432-5688-3}} *], ''Speaking for England: Leo, Julian and John Amery - The Tragedy of a Political Family'', London, Free Press, 2005, {{ISBN|0-7432-5688-3}}
⚫ * Gash, Norman, with Donald Southgate, David Dilks, and John Ramsden; introduction by ], ''The Conservatives – A History of their Origins to 1965'', London, 1977, pp.{{nbsp}}268–9. {{ISBN|0-04-942157-3}}
* Stephen Dorril ''MI6: Inside the Covert World of Her Majesty's Secret Intelligence Service'' – The Free Press – New York – 2000 ({{ISBN|0-7432-0379-8}}).
* ], '']'', London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1998, {{ISBN|0-297-84286-2}}
⚫ * Colonel ] ''Albanian Assignment'' Chatto & Windus, London, 1984. Foreword by Sir ]. SOE in Albania (1943–44).
⚫ * ], ''Macmillan, 1894–1956'', (volume 1 of the official biography), London, Macmillan, 1988, {{ISBN|0-333-27691-4}}, pp.{{nbsp}}81, 253, 275, 326, 388, 441.
⚫ * Colonel ] ''Arabian Assignment'' Cooper, London, 1975. MI6 – Oman and Yemen.
* ''The London Gazette'', https://www.thegazette.co.uk
⚫ * Colonel ] ''Irregular regular'' Michael Russell, Norwich, 1994 ({{ISBN|0 85955 202 0}}). Translated in French, ''Au coeur de l'action clandestine. Des Commandos au MI6'', L'Esprit du Livre Editions, 2008. The Memoirs of a SOE officer (Albania, Asia) and MI6 agent (Poland, Malta, Oman, Yémen), brother in arms of Julian Amery.
* Messina, Anthony M, ''Race and Party Competition in Britain'', Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1989, p.{{nbsp}}138, {{ISBN|0-19-827534-X}}
⚫ *
⚫ * ] ''Arabian Assignment'' London, Cooper, 1975. MI6 – Oman and Yemen.
*
⚫ * ] ''Albanian Assignment'', London, Chatto & Windus, 1984. Foreword by Sir ]. SOE in Albania (1943–44).
⚫ * ] ''Irregular Regular'', Norwich, Michael Russell, 1994 ({{ISBN|0 85955 202 0}}). Translated into French as ''Au cœur de l'action clandestine, des commandos au MI6'', L'Esprit du Livre Editions, 2008. The Memoirs of an SOE officer (Albania, Asia) and MI6 agent (Poland, Malta, Oman, Yemen), brother{{nbhyph}}in{{nbhyph}}arms of Julian Amery.
* Weale, Adrian, ''Patriot Traitors – Roger Casement, John Amery and the Real Meaning of Treason'', London, Viking, 2001, {{ISBN|0-670-88498-7}}

==Primary sources==
* Amery, Julian, , At the Height of His Power, London: MacMillan, 1951.
* Amery, Julian, , And the Tariff Reform Campaign, London: MacMillan, 1969.
* Amery, Julian, , And the Tariff Reform Campaign, London: MacMillan, 1969.

==Further reading==
* Garvin, James Louis, , Chamberlain and Democracy, London: MacMillan, 1932.
* Garvin, James Louis, , Disruption and Combat, London: MacMillan, 1933.
* Garvin, James Louis, , Empire and World Policy, London: MacMillan, 1934.


==External links== ==External links==
* {{Hansard-contribs | mr-julian-amery | Julian Amery }} * {{Hansard-contribs | mr-julian-amery | Julian Amery }}
* held at ]
* at


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Latest revision as of 18:14, 27 December 2024

British politician (1919–1996)
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The Right HonourableThe Lord Amery of LustleighPC
Julian Amery, 1965
Minister of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs
In office
5 November 1972 – 4 March 1974
Prime MinisterEdward Heath
Sec. of StateSir Alec Douglas-Home
Preceded byJoseph Godber
Succeeded byDavid Ennals
Roy Hattersley
Minister for Housing and Construction
In office
15 October 1970 – 5 November 1972
Prime MinisterEdward Heath
Preceded byOffice established
Succeeded byPaul Channon
Minister of Public Buildings and Works
In office
23 June 1970 – 14 October 1970
Preceded byJohn Silkin
Succeeded byOffice abolished
Member of Parliament
for Preston North
In office
23 February 1950 – 10 March 1966
Preceded byConstituency created
Succeeded byRonald Atkins
Member of Parliament
for Brighton Pavilion
In office
27 March 1969 – 16 March 1992
Preceded bySir William Teeling
Succeeded byDerek Spencer
Personal details
BornHarold Julian Amery
(1919-03-27)27 March 1919
London, England
Died3 September 1996(1996-09-03) (aged 77)
London, England
Political partyConservative
Spouse Catherine Macmillan ​ ​(m. 1950; died 1991)​
Children4
Alma materBalliol College, Oxford
Military service
AllegianceUnited Kingdom
Branch/serviceBritish Army
RankCaptain
Battles/warsSecond World War

Harold Julian Amery, Baron Amery of Lustleigh, PC (27 March 1919 – 3 September 1996) was a British Conservative Party politician, who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) for 39 of the 42 years between 1950 and 1992. He was appointed to the Privy Council in 1960.

Amery was created a life peer upon his retirement from the House of Commons in 1992. For three decades, he was a leading figure in the Conservative Monday Club. He was the son-in-law of Conservative prime minister Harold Macmillan. In 1945, his brother, John, was hanged for high high treason during the Second World War.

Early and family life

Amery was born in Chelsea, London, on 27 March 1919. His father was Leo Amery, a British statesman and Conservative politician. He was educated at Eaton House, Summer Fields School, Eton College and Balliol College, Oxford. While an undergraduate, he had a brief romance with the future novelist Barbara Pym, who was six years his senior.

Military service

Before the Second World War started, Amery was a war correspondent in the Spanish Civil War and later an attaché for the British Foreign Office in Belgrade. After the war began he joined the RAF as a sergeant in 1940, then was commissioned and transferred to the British Army on the General List in 1941, reaching the rank of Captain.

He spent 1941–42 in the eastern Mediterranean (the Middle East, Malta, Yugoslavia) and served as Liaison Officer to the Albanian Resistance Movement in 1943–44 ("The Musketeers": Captain Julian Amery, Major David Smiley and Lieutenant-Colonel Neil McLean). The following year, Amery went to China to work with General Carton de Wiart, then Prime Minister's Personal Representative to Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek. Amery became a close friend of King Zog of Albania and described him as "the cleverest man I have ever met".

Political career

Amery won a Parliamentary seat in the first general election held after he returned to civilian life, in 1950. He was elected as Conservative MP for Preston North, going on to hold a number of government offices, all in governments led by his father-in-law, now the Prime Minister. He began with two Under-Secretaryships of State: for War (1957–58) and for the Colonies (1958–60). He was promoted to Secretary of State for Air (1960–62), followed by a promotion to the post of Minister of Aviation (1962–64). In this role and during this two-year period, Amery was involved in the planning stages of what would become the supersonic passenger service known as Concorde.

Amery lost his Preston North seat in 1966, but was re-elected to the Commons in 1969 representing Brighton Pavilion, a seat he would hold until 1992 when he retired. On 8 July 1992, he was created a life peer as Baron Amery of Lustleigh, of Preston in the County of Lancashire and of Brighton in the County of East Sussex.

Under the Heath administration, Amery held three ministerial posts: Minister for Public Works (1970), Minister for Housing and Construction (1970–72) and Minister of State, Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs (1972–74).

Monday Club

For 30 years, Amery was an active member and later a Patron of the Conservative Monday Club, where he became friendly with General Sir Walter Walker, subsequently writing the foreword for Walker's anti-Soviet book, The Next Domino.

He was Guest of Honour at the club's Annual Dinner at the Cutlers' Hall in 1963. In 1965, he wrote the foreword for Club activist Geoffrey Stewart-Smith's book, No Vision Here. On May Day 1970, he was one of the club's principal speakers at their 'Law and Liberty' rally in Trafalgar Square, held in answer to the 'Stop the Seventy Tour' campaign, designed to stop the South African cricket tour.

Amery was the Monday Club's Guest-of-Honour at their Annual Dinner held at the Savoy Hotel, London, in January 1974 and again at the dinner at the end of the club's two-day Conference in Birmingham in March 1975.

Political views

Amery was in favour of entry to the European Common Market and also of the nuclear deterrent. Both caused some discord between himself and his old friend Enoch Powell but for many, he was seen as an archetypal Conservative from the "God and Empire" school. In 1948, Amery opposed GATT, arguing that it limited imperial preference.

In late 1962 Amery made these comments after Egypt sent troops to Yemen to prevent an insurrection:

"The prosperity of our people rests really on the oil in the Persian Gulf, the rubber and tin of Malaya, and the gold, copper and precious metals of South- and Central Africa. As long as we have access to these; as long as we can realize the investments we have there; as long as we trade with this part of the world, we shall be prosperous. If the communists were to take them over, we would lose the lot. Governments like Colonel Nasser's in Egypt are just as dangerous."

In 1963, Amery took charge of Quintin Hogg's campaign for leadership of the Conservative Party.

In early 1975, he took part in a House of Commons debate on the Trades Unions Congress's invitation to Alexander Shelepin, the former Soviet KGB Chief, to visit Britain. He stated that "more and more people are beginning to look upon the TUC as a Communist-penetrated show and this invitation must strengthen that view."

According to Margaret Thatcher's 1995 memoir, The Path to Power, when Harold Wilson's Labour government proposed devolution for Scotland in 1976, "Julian Amery and Maurice Macmillan proved effective leaders of the anti-devolution Tory camp."

Although he was Harold Macmillan's son-in-law, he did not defend him when Count Nikolai Tolstoy published The Minister and the Massacres in 1986, focusing the ultimate burden of blame sharply on Macmillan for the 1945 Bleiburg repatriations and the Cossack repatriations. Amery stated that the repatriations were "one of the few blots on Harold that I can think of".

Personal life

On 26 January 1950, he married Catherine Macmillan (19 November 1926 – 27 May 1991), daughter of Harold Macmillan. The couple had one son and three daughters.

Amery died from heart failure on 3 September 1996, aged 77, at his home in Eaton Square, Westminster, London. He is buried with his wife (who predeceased him) at the Church of St John the Baptist in Lustleigh, Devon, along with his father Leo Amery.

Notes

Citations
  1. "Amery sentenced to death". The Times. London. 29 November 1945. Archived from the original on 4 March 2012. Retrieved 16 March 2022.
  2. ^ Cosgrave, Patrick (2004). "Amery, (Harold) Julian, Baron Amery of Lustleigh (1919–1996), politician". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/63313. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  3. Thorpe, D. R. (2011). Supermac: The Life of Harold Macmillan. London: Pimlico. p. 21. ISBN 9781844135417. OCLC 751719981.
  4. Faber, David (2005). Speaking for England: Leo, Julian and John Amery, the Tragedy of a Political Family. Free Press. pp. 73–74. ISBN 9780743256889.
  5. Byrne, Paula (2021). The Adventures of Miss Barbara Pym. London: William Collins. ISBN 9780008322243. The index contains a combined total of over 70 page numbers and page ranges either directly about, or mentioning, Amery.
  6. Amery, Julian, Approach March: a Venture in Autobiography. Hutchinson, 1973
  7. "No. 52988". The London Gazette. 13 July 1992. p. 11759.
  8. "Julian Amery dies". The Independent. London. 4 September 1996. Archived from the original on 25 April 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
  9. Kahler, Miles (1984). Decolonization in Britain and France: The Domestic Consequences of International Relations. Princeton University Press. p. 132. ISBN 978-1-4008-5558-2.
  10. Curtis, Adam (1999). "The Mayfair Set". Broadcast on BBC2. Archived from the original on 1 February 2008. Retrieved 13 February 2008. Excerpt: David Stirling was a close friend of Julian Amery's and together they were determined to find a way to stop Nasser... Stirling and Amery had dinner with the foreign secretary, Alec Douglas Hume, at the White's Club in St. James's. They proposed a plan: a group of SAS men would mount an operation to fight the Egyptians, but they would do it privately
  11. cf. Heffer, 189; 324
  12. "Lady Caroline Faber: Daughter of Harold Macmillan who disliked politics but campaigned for her relatives". The Times. London. 19 September 2016.
  13. "Lord Amery of Lustleigh: Obituary". The Independent. 5 September 1996. Archived from the original on 2 July 2020. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
  14. "Harold Julian Amery". www.findagrave.com. Archived from the original on 31 October 2021. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
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Parliament of the United Kingdom
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