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| {{Short description|Khatri clan}} | |||
| {{pp-semi-indef|small=yes}} | {{pp-semi-indef|small=yes}} | ||
| {{Infobox clan | {{Infobox clan | ||
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| | commander = | | commander = | ||
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| The '''Khukhrain''' or '''Khokhrain'''<ref name="tribuneindia.com">http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110108/saturday/above.htm</ref> is a |
The '''Khukhrain''' or '''Khokhrain'''<ref name="tribuneindia.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110108/saturday/above.htm |author=Khushwant Singh|title=The brave Khokhrains|website=The Tribune (India newspaper)|date=8 January 2011|access-date=6 September 2019}}</ref> is a sub-group composed of eight clans of the ] ] that originally hailed from the areas of the ]. | ||
| ==History== | |||
| ⚫ | The Khukhrains spread over ], Dhune Kheb, ], ], ], ] and ].<ref name="panjab195">The Panjab Past and Present By Punjabi University Dept. of Punjab Historical Studies Published by Dept. of Punjab Historical Studies, Punjabi University., 1981 Page 195</ref>{{Full citation needed|date=July 2019}} They were a powerful tribe during the attacks of ] and resisted him during his third invasion after the defeat of ] at the Battle of Bhera in 1004-5. Bhera was the Khukhrain capital. <ref>The Panjab Past and Present By Punjabi University Dept. of Punjab Historical Studies Published by Dept. of Punjab Historical Studies, Punjabi University., 1981 Page 200)</ref>{{Full citation needed|date=July 2019}} King Jai Dev Anand defeated Mahmud of Ghazni, making him a prisoner of war. However the King let him go against the advice of his minister and the General Shri Pal Suri. ] had his wounds treated and made arrangement's within one year the Kingdom was sacked by Ghazni. <ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EDZuAAAAMAAJ&q=Khukhrain | isbn=978-81-88322-40-4 | title=Glimpses of Bhāratiya History | date=2003 | publisher=Ocean Books }}</ref> When Bhera was sacked by ], the Khukhrain king, Biji Rai preferred to commit suicide using his dagger rather than submit to ].<ref name="panjab195" /> Jaipal's son, ], received support of the Khukhrains against the Ghazni rule in 1008-9 at Wahind.<ref>The Panjab Past and Present By Punjabi University Dept. of Punjab Historical Studies Published by Dept. of Punjab Historical Studies, Punjabi University., 1981 page 201}</ref>{{Full citation needed|date=July 2019}} | ||
| In 1206, the Khukhrains had assassinated Muhammad Ghori during a raid near ].<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=17I2EAAAQBAJ&dq=Khukhrain&pg=PA1521 | title=Timelines of Nearly Everything | date=3 July 2021 | publisher=Manjunath.R }}</ref> | |||
| ==Battle of Bhera== | |||
| ⚫ | The Khukhrains spread over ], Dhune Kheb, ], ], ], ] and ].<ref name="panjab195">The Panjab Past and Present By Punjabi University Dept. of Punjab Historical Studies Published by Dept. of Punjab Historical Studies, Punjabi University., 1981 Page 195</ref> They were a powerful tribe during the attacks of ] and resisted him during his third invasion after the defeat of ] at the Battle of Bhera in 1004-5. Bhera was the Khukhrain capital.<ref>The Panjab Past and Present By Punjabi University Dept. of Punjab Historical Studies Published by Dept. of Punjab Historical Studies, Punjabi University., 1981 Page 200)</ref> | ||
| When Bhera was sacked by Mahmud of Ghazni, the Khukhrain king, ] preferred to commit suicide using his dagger rather than submit to Ghazni.<ref name="panjab195" /> Jaipal's son, ], received support of the Khukhrains against Ghazni in 1008-9 at Wahind.<ref>The Panjab Past and Present By Punjabi University Dept. of Punjab Historical Studies Published by Dept. of Punjab Historical Studies, Punjabi University., 1981 page 201}</ref> | |||
| ==Religious beliefs== | ==Religious beliefs== | ||
| The Khukhrain clan was originally ]. Later clan members embraced ] and ]. Khukhrains of all these faiths collectively form one ]. In Pakistan there continues to be a large number of Muslim Khukhrains living |
The Khukhrain clan was originally ]. Later clan members embraced ] and ]. Khukhrains of all these faiths collectively form one ]. In Pakistan there continues to be a large number of Muslim Khukhrains living especially in the Pakistani Punjab. Some scholars such as Muhammad Ikrām Chutai believe that a number of Khukhrains were converted to ] by the Sufi ].<ref>Babaji: Life and Teachings of Farid-ud Din Ganj-i Shakar By Muhammad Ikrām Chutai Page 433 Published by Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2006</ref> | ||
| == Clans == | |||
| * ] : Named after a common ancestor "Ananda" which translates to "joy" in ].<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Hanks|first1=Patrick|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0AyDDQAAQBAJ&q=anand|title=The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland|last2=Coates|first2=Richard|last3=McClure|first3=Peter|date=2016-11-17|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-252747-9|language=en}}</ref> | |||
| * ] : They were mostly concentrated in ] (1208 families) according to 1881 ] conducted by ].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Puri|first=Baij Nath|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ytuAAAAMAAJ&q=puri+bhasins+rawalpindi|title=The Khatris, a Socio-cultural Study|date=1988|publisher=M.N. Publishers and Distributors|pages=24|language=en}}</ref> | |||
| * ] : According to a local account, the ancestors of Chadhas fought with ] in a war. However, all of them died except for one man who hid behind an ]. This person continued the progeny of the Chadha clan. To pay tribute to the aak bush which saved the Chadha clan from extinction, the Chadhas visit ] in ] district to perform prayers and worship the Aak tree as a former tradition<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last1=Siddiqi|first1=Iqtidar Husain|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qbIYAQAAMAAJ&q=chadha+khatri|title=Medieval India: Essays in medieval Indian history and culture|last2=Iraqi|first2=Shahabuddin|date=2003|publisher=Manohar|isbn=978-81-7304-786-2|language=en}}</ref> | |||
| * ] (Chandhok) : They were concentrated in ] and ].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Puri|first=Baij Nath|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ytuAAAAMAAJ&q=chandok+peshawar|title=The Khatris, a Socio-cultural Study|date=1988|publisher=M.N. Publishers and Distributors|language=en}}</ref> | |||
| * ] :They are mentioned in ] Vaar 11 ਵਡਾ ਭਗਤੁ ਹੈ ਭਾਈਅੜਾ ਗੋਇੰਦੁ ਘੇਈ ਗੁਰੂ ਦੁਆਰੇ। (Translation : Bhaiara and Govind are devotees belonging to Ghai sub-caste. They remain at the door of the Guru.)<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Singh|first=Pashaura|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ciwpDwAAQBAJ&dq=khatri+sub-castes&pg=PT79|title=Life and Work of Guru Arjan: History, Memory, and Biography in the Sikh Tradition|date=2006-07-10|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-908780-8|language=en}}</ref> | |||
| * ] : The Prakrit word "Koh" means a mountain and they lived in the hilly tracks of ] and ].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Singh|first=Kumar Suresh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6BQwAQAAIAAJ&q=kohli+mountain+koh|title=People of India: (3 pts.) Maharashtra|date=2004|publisher=Anthropological Survey of India|isbn=978-81-7991-101-3|language=en}}</ref> | |||
| * ] : The sub-caste is also mentioned in ] Vaar 11 "ਸਨਮੁਖ ਭਾਈ ਤੀਰਥਾ ਸਭਰਵਾਲ ਸਭੇ ਸਿਰਦਾਰਾ।" (Translation : Bhai Tirtha was the leader among all the Sikhs of Sabharval sub- caste.) <ref name=":1" /> | |||
| * ] (Sawhney) :The Sahnis were the inhabitants of ] town located on the eastern bank of ] prior to the ].<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Prasad|first1=Guntupalli V. R.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rQcLEAAAQBAJ&dq=sahni+bhera&pg=PR11|title=Biological Consequences of Plate Tectonics: New Perspectives on Post-Gondwana Break-up–A Tribute to Ashok Sahni|last2=Patnaik|first2=Rajeev|date=2020-11-23|publisher=Springer Nature|isbn=978-3-030-49753-8|language=en}}</ref> Sahni families were also the governors of ] tehsil. According to ], Sahni is derived from "Senani" meaning "]"<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Puri|first=Baij Nath|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ytuAAAAMAAJ&q=suri+hero|title=The Khatris, a Socio-cultural Study|date=1988|publisher=M.N. Publishers and Distributors|language=en}}</ref> | |||
| * ] : According to B.N Puri, Sethi is derived from "shrestha" meaning "the headman"<ref name=":2" /> | |||
| * ] : As per ], Suri translates to "hero"<ref name=":2" /> | |||
| ==Khokran and Khokhars== | ==Khokran and Khokhars== | ||
| '']'' notes that: "The |
'']'' notes that: "The Khukhrain sub-group of the "52"s claims descent from a son of Manu and several clan names are traced to military terms in support of the claim to ] descent.."<ref>Britannica: A New Survey of Universal Knowledge By Walter Yust Published by Encyclopædia Britannica, 1952 Page 980</ref> | ||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| *] | *] | ||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 23:38, 5 November 2024
Khatri clan
| Khukhrain | |
|---|---|
| Khokhrain | |
| Profile | |
| Region | Punjab |
| Ethnicity | Punjabi |
| Khukhrain no longer has a chief, and is an armigerous clan | |
| Historic seat | Bhera |
The Khukhrain or Khokhrain is a sub-group composed of eight clans of the Khatri caste that originally hailed from the areas of the Salt Range.
History
The Khukhrains spread over Khushab, Dhune Kheb, Chakwal, Pind Dadan Khan, Peshawar, Nowshera and Lahore. They were a powerful tribe during the attacks of Mahmud of Ghazni and resisted him during his third invasion after the defeat of Jayapala at the Battle of Bhera in 1004-5. Bhera was the Khukhrain capital. King Jai Dev Anand defeated Mahmud of Ghazni, making him a prisoner of war. However the King let him go against the advice of his minister and the General Shri Pal Suri. Mahmud of Ghazni had his wounds treated and made arrangement's within one year the Kingdom was sacked by Ghazni. When Bhera was sacked by Mahmud of Ghazni, the Khukhrain king, Biji Rai preferred to commit suicide using his dagger rather than submit to Mahmud Ghaznavi. Jaipal's son, Anandapala, received support of the Khukhrains against the Ghazni rule in 1008-9 at Wahind.
In 1206, the Khukhrains had assassinated Muhammad Ghori during a raid near Jhelum.
Religious beliefs
The Khukhrain clan was originally Hindu. Later clan members embraced Sikhism and Islam. Khukhrains of all these faiths collectively form one kinship. In Pakistan there continues to be a large number of Muslim Khukhrains living especially in the Pakistani Punjab. Some scholars such as Muhammad Ikrām Chutai believe that a number of Khukhrains were converted to Islam by the Sufi Baba Farid.
Clans
- Anand : Named after a common ancestor "Ananda" which translates to "joy" in Sanskrit.
- Bhasin : They were mostly concentrated in Rawalpindi district (1208 families) according to 1881 Census of India conducted by British.
- Chadha : According to a local account, the ancestors of Chadhas fought with Babur in a war. However, all of them died except for one man who hid behind an aak bush. This person continued the progeny of the Chadha clan. To pay tribute to the aak bush which saved the Chadha clan from extinction, the Chadhas visit Eminabad in Gujranwala district to perform prayers and worship the Aak tree as a former tradition
- Chandhoke (Chandhok) : They were concentrated in Peshawar and Kabul.
- Ghai :They are mentioned in Bhai Gurdas's Vaar 11 ਵਡਾ ਭਗਤੁ ਹੈ ਭਾਈਅੜਾ ਗੋਇੰਦੁ ਘੇਈ ਗੁਰੂ ਦੁਆਰੇ। (Translation : Bhaiara and Govind are devotees belonging to Ghai sub-caste. They remain at the door of the Guru.)
- Kohli : The Prakrit word "Koh" means a mountain and they lived in the hilly tracks of Hazara and Rawalpindi.
- Sabharwal : The sub-caste is also mentioned in Bhai Gurdas's Vaar 11 "ਸਨਮੁਖ ਭਾਈ ਤੀਰਥਾ ਸਭਰਵਾਲ ਸਭੇ ਸਿਰਦਾਰਾ।" (Translation : Bhai Tirtha was the leader among all the Sikhs of Sabharval sub- caste.)
- Sahni (Sawhney) :The Sahnis were the inhabitants of Bhera town located on the eastern bank of Jhelum River prior to the partition of India. Sahni families were also the governors of Wazirabad tehsil. According to B.N Puri, Sahni is derived from "Senani" meaning "general of an army"
- Sethi : According to B.N Puri, Sethi is derived from "shrestha" meaning "the headman"
- Suri : As per B.N Puri, Suri translates to "hero"
Khokran and Khokhars
Encyclopædia Britannica notes that: "The Khukhrain sub-group of the "52"s claims descent from a son of Manu and several clan names are traced to military terms in support of the claim to Kshatriya descent.."
See also
References
- Khushwant Singh (8 January 2011). "The brave Khokhrains". The Tribune (India newspaper). Retrieved 6 September 2019.
- ^ The Panjab Past and Present By Punjabi University Dept. of Punjab Historical Studies Published by Dept. of Punjab Historical Studies, Punjabi University., 1981 Page 195
- The Panjab Past and Present By Punjabi University Dept. of Punjab Historical Studies Published by Dept. of Punjab Historical Studies, Punjabi University., 1981 Page 200)
- Glimpses of Bhāratiya History. Ocean Books. 2003. ISBN 978-81-88322-40-4.
- The Panjab Past and Present By Punjabi University Dept. of Punjab Historical Studies Published by Dept. of Punjab Historical Studies, Punjabi University., 1981 page 201}
- Timelines of Nearly Everything. Manjunath.R. 3 July 2021.
- Babaji: Life and Teachings of Farid-ud Din Ganj-i Shakar By Muhammad Ikrām Chutai Page 433 Published by Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2006
- Hanks, Patrick; Coates, Richard; McClure, Peter (2016-11-17). The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-252747-9.
- Puri, Baij Nath (1988). The Khatris, a Socio-cultural Study. M.N. Publishers and Distributors. p. 24.
- Siddiqi, Iqtidar Husain; Iraqi, Shahabuddin (2003). Medieval India: Essays in medieval Indian history and culture. Manohar. ISBN 978-81-7304-786-2.
- Puri, Baij Nath (1988). The Khatris, a Socio-cultural Study. M.N. Publishers and Distributors.
- ^ Singh, Pashaura (2006-07-10). Life and Work of Guru Arjan: History, Memory, and Biography in the Sikh Tradition. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-908780-8.
- Singh, Kumar Suresh (2004). People of India: (3 pts.) Maharashtra. Anthropological Survey of India. ISBN 978-81-7991-101-3.
- Prasad, Guntupalli V. R.; Patnaik, Rajeev (2020-11-23). Biological Consequences of Plate Tectonics: New Perspectives on Post-Gondwana Break-up–A Tribute to Ashok Sahni. Springer Nature. ISBN 978-3-030-49753-8.
- ^ Puri, Baij Nath (1988). The Khatris, a Socio-cultural Study. M.N. Publishers and Distributors.
- Britannica: A New Survey of Universal Knowledge By Walter Yust Published by Encyclopædia Britannica, 1952 Page 980