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{{Short description|Puerto Rican educator (1790–1868)}}
{{family name hatnote|Cordero|Molina|lang=Spanish}}
{{Infobox Saint {{Infobox Saint
|name= ] <br> Rafael Cordero y Molina |honorific_prefix= ]
|name= Rafael Cordero y Molina
|birth_date= {{Birth date|1790|10|24|df=yes}} |birth_date= {{Birth date|1790|10|24|df=yes}}
|death_date= {{Death date and age|1868|7|5|1790|10|24|df=yes}} |death_date= {{Death date and age|1868|7|5|1790|10|24|df=yes}}
|feast_day= |feast_day=
|image= Rafael Cordero.JPG |image= Cordero.jpg
|imagesize=150px |imagesize=
|caption=''La Escuela del Maestro Rafael Cordero'' (1890–92) by ]
|caption=
|birth_place= ] |birth_place= ]
|death_place=] |death_place=]
|titles=Layperson |titles=
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|venerated_in=] |venerated_in=
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'''Rafael Cordero y Molina''' <ref group=note>{{Spanish name|'''Cordero'''|'''Molina'''|plain=yes}}</ref>(October 24, 1790 – July 5, 1868), known as '''Maestro Cordero''', was a self-educated Puerto Rican who provided free schooling to the children of his city regardless of race or social standing. He is also known as the "Father of ] in Puerto Rico".<ref>Próceres Puertorriqueños; by Joaquín Freire; Publisher: Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, Departamento de Instrucción Pública; 1ra Edición (1966)</ref> '''Rafael Cordero y Molina''' (October 24, 1790 – July 5, 1868), known as '''Maestro Cordero''', was a self-educated ] who provided free schooling to the children of his city regardless of race or social standing.


In 2004, the ] began the process of Cordero's ]. In 2013, Pope Francis recognized him as ].<ref></ref> In 2003, the ] began the process of Cordero's ]. In 2013, ] recognized him as ].<ref>http://touch.metro.pr//mundo/papa-autoriza-camino-a-beatificacion-del-maestro-rafael-cordero/pGXmli!HBqTbRjrGIh6/ {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref>


==Early years== ==Early years==
Cordero was born in ], then part of the ], into a poor family. He was one of three children, born to Lucas Cordero and Rita Molina. His two older sisters were Gregoria and ]. His father worked in the ] fields. while his mother tended the house. Cordero, who was of African ancestry, was self-educated. His love of literature and his determination to teach others and educate himself helped him to develop the skills and preparation to teach primary school.<ref name="Book">En busca del Maestro Rafael Cordero/In search of The Master Rafael Cordero; By Jack Delano; Publisher: La Editorial Universidad de Puerto Rico; 1 edition (May 1994); {{ISBN|0-8477-0080-1}}; {{ISBN|978-0-8477-0080-6}}</ref> Cordero received the ] of ] at the age of 14 from Bishop ] (1760–1814), the first native bishop of the island,<ref name="RC">{{cite web|url=http://www.preb.com/biog/rcordero.htm|title=Rafael Cordero Molina : Maestro de próceres, Siervo de Dios (ahora Venerable)|website=www.preb.com|accessdate=29 December 2017}}</ref> and would grow up to live his life as a devout ]. In 1820, his older sister, ], also a pious Catholic, established the first school for girls on the island.<ref name="PRWM">{{cite web|url=http://p-www.iwate-pu.ac.jp/~shigaki/profile/papers/PRW.html|title=A Modern Historical Perspective of Puerto Rican Women|website=p-www.iwate-pu.ac.jp|accessdate=29 December 2017}}</ref> Cordero was born in ],<ref name="Franklin's paper the statesman">{{cite news| first= N. Barnett| last=Dodson |title=Historical sketch- Noted educator and statesman | newspaper=Franklin's paper the statesman |location=Denver, Colorado|via=Library of Congress | date=24 September 1910 | issn=2577-2333 | url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn91052311/1910-09-24/ed-1/seq-1/ | access-date=22 December 2022}}</ref> then part of the ], into a low-income family. He was one of three children, born to Lucas Cordero and Rita Molina. His two older sisters were Gregoria and ]. His father worked in the ] fields, while his mother tended the house. Cordero, who was of ], was self-educated. His love of literature and his determination to teach others and educate himself helped him develop the skills and preparation to teach primary school.<ref name="Book">En busca del Maestro Rafael Cordero/In search of The Master Rafael Cordero; By Jack Delano; Publisher: La Editorial Universidad de Puerto Rico; 1 edition (May 1994); {{ISBN|0-8477-0080-1}}; {{ISBN|978-0-8477-0080-6}}</ref> Cordero received the ] of ] at the age of 14 from Bishop ] (1760–1814), the first native bishop of the island.<ref name="RC">{{cite web|url=http://www.preb.com/biog/rcordero.htm|title=Rafael Cordero Molina : Maestro de próceres, Siervo de Dios (ahora Venerable)|website=www.preb.com|accessdate=29 December 2017}}</ref> He grew up and lived his life as a devout ]. In 1802, his older sister Celestina, also a pious Catholic, established a "escuela de amigas" for girls on the island.<ref name="PRWM">{{cite web|url=http://p-www.iwate-pu.ac.jp/~shigaki/profile/papers/PRW.html|title=A Modern Historical Perspective of Puerto Rican Women|website=p-www.iwate-pu.ac.jp|accessdate=29 December 2017}}</ref>


==Educator== ==Career==
In 1810 Cordero established a free school for all the children in his house. He taught children regardless of their race and if they were unable to afford an education otherwise. There he taught reading, ], mathematics and religious instruction.<ref name="RC"/> Among the distinguished alumni who attended Cordero's school were ], ] and ]. Cordero maintained his educational center for 58 years at Luna Street. He proved that racial and economic integration could be possible and accepted.<ref name="Book"/> In 1826 Cordero established a free school for all the children in his house. He taught children regardless of their race and those who could not afford an education otherwise. There, he taught reading, ], mathematics, and religious instruction.<ref name="RC"/> Among the distinguished alumni who attended Cordero's school were ], ] and ]. Cordero maintained his educational center for 58 years at Luna Street. He proved that racial and economic integration could be possible and accepted.<ref name="Book"/>


Cordero was awarded the ''Premio de Virtud'' by the ], an economic club whose members were friends of Puerto Rico. He was given 100 ]s, which he in turn gave away to those in need. e used half of the money (50 pesos) to buy books and clothes for his students and the other half was given to the homeless. Cordero was awarded the ''Premio de Virtud'' by the ], an economic club whose members were friends of Puerto Rico. He was given 100 ]s, which he, in turn, gave away to those in need. He used half of the money (50 pesos) to buy books and clothes for his students, and the other half was given to the homeless.


He was a great agitator for the abolition of slavery:<ref name="Franklin's paper the statesman" />
The people's love and respect for Cordero was evidenced by the fact that more than 2,000 people attended his funeral in 1868. The Catholic Church plans to search for Cordero's remains which were buried at the ] in San Juan, although the exact location is unknown.<ref name="Book"/>
{{blockquote|To the teachings of Rafael Cordero more than to any man in Porto Rico is due the credit for the abolition of slavery in that island. His school was a man factory. The decree of the national Spanish assembly issued in 1873 abolished slavery in Porto Rico forever.}}

⚫ ==Death==
The people's love and respect for Cordero were evidenced by the fact that more than 2,000 people attended his funeral in 1868.


==Honors and veneration== ==Honors and veneration==
⚫ Puerto Rican poet ] published a poem titled "El maestro Rafael" honoring the educator. In 1891, Rafael Cordero was immortalized in a painting titled ''La Escuela del Maestro Rafael Cordero'' by the artist ] which can be seen in the ].
]]]
⚫ Puerto Rican poet ] published a poem titled "El maestro Rafael" honoring the educator. In 1890, Rafael Cordero was immortalized in a painting titled ''La Escuela del Maestro Rafael Cordero'' by the artist ] which can be seen in the ].


⚫ The house in Luna Street, where Rafael Cordero taught, was remodeled by the ] and is registered as a historical site in the ] of the United States. There is a plaque on the outside that states the historical significance of the building and its relation to him. The ] annually awards the teacher who has distinguished himself or herself in the field of public or private education with the National Medal Rafael Cordero. There are various schools named after him, among them a high school in San Juan, an elementary school in ], an elementary school in ], ],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.trulia.com/schools/NJ-Jersey_City/Rafael_Cordero_Elementary_School_37/|title=Schools in Jersey City, NJ - Public & Private Schools - Trulia|website=www.trulia.com|accessdate=29 December 2017}}</ref> and a Junior High School in ], ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.city-data.com/school/j-h-s--302-rafael-cordero-school.html|title=Ps 89 Cypress Hills School in Brooklyn, New York (NY) - Test Results, Rating, Ranking, Grades, Scores, Classes, Enrollment, Teachers, Students, and Report Card|website=www.city-data.com|accessdate=29 December 2017}}</ref>
⚫ ]
⚫ In 2004, the ], upon the request of the ], ], ], began the process of Cordero's ]. This is the first step on the road to possible ]. On December 9, 2013, ] advanced the cause for Cordero when he declared that Cordero had lived the Christian virtues in a heroic way and is considered ].<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20131210003004/http://www.laraza.com/rafael_cordero_papa_francisco |date=December 10, 2013 }}</ref>


⚫ The ] annually awards the teacher who has distinguished himself or herself in the field of public or private education with the National Medal Rafael Cordero. There are various schools named after him, among them a high school in San Juan, an elementary school in ], an elementary school in ], ],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.trulia.com/schools/NJ-Jersey_City/Rafael_Cordero_Elementary_School_37/|title=Schools in Jersey City, NJ - Public & Private Schools - Trulia|website=www.trulia.com|accessdate=29 December 2017|archive-date=12 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112192849/http://www.trulia.com/schools/NJ-Jersey_City/Rafael_Cordero_Elementary_School_37/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and a Junior High School in ], ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.city-data.com/school/j-h-s--302-rafael-cordero-school.html|title=Ps 89 Cypress Hills School in Brooklyn, New York (NY) - Test Results, Rating, Ranking, Grades, Scores, Classes, Enrollment, Teachers, Students, and Report Card|website=www.city-data.com|accessdate=29 December 2017}}</ref>
⚫ ==Further reading==
⚫ Cordero's contributions to society have been documented in history books and also in the following books:


⚫ In 2003, the ], upon the request of the ], ], ], began the process of Cordero's ]. This is the first step on the road to possible ]. On December 9, 2013, ] advanced the cause for Cordero when he declared that Cordero had heroically lived the Christian virtues and has been declared ].<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20131210003004/http://www.laraza.com/rafael_cordero_papa_francisco |date=December 10, 2013 }}</ref>
⚫ *"In search of maestro Rafael Cordero" (En busca del maestro Rafael Cordero) by Jack Delano - May 1994

⚫ *"Heroes of Puerto Rico" by Jay Nelson Tuck
==Gallery==
<gallery>
Rafael Cordero Graded School.jpg|School named in honor of Rafael Cordero in ]
⚫ Street sign for Calle Maestro Rafael.jpg|The street sign of Calle Maestro Rafael in San Juan
</gallery>


==See also== ==See also==
*] * ]
*] * ]
*] * ]

⚫ ==Notes==
<references group=note/>


==References== ==References==
{{Reflist}} {{Reflist}}

⚫ ==Further reading==
⚫ Cordero's contributions to society have been documented in history books and also in the following books:

⚫ * "In search of maestro Rafael Cordero" (En busca del maestro Rafael Cordero) by ] - May 1994
⚫ * "Heroes of Puerto Rico" by ] - March 1970


==External links== ==External links==
* *


{{Canonization}} {{Canonization}}
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] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
⚫ ]
⚫ ]
]
⚫ ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
⚫ ]
⚫ ]
⚫ ]

Latest revision as of 22:19, 7 December 2024

Puerto Rican educator (1790–1868) In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Cordero and the second or maternal family name is Molina.
Venerable
Rafael Cordero y Molina
La Escuela del Maestro Rafael Cordero (1890–92) by Francisco Oller
Born(1790-10-24)24 October 1790
San Juan, Puerto Rico
Died5 July 1868(1868-07-05) (aged 77)
San Juan, Puerto Rico

Rafael Cordero y Molina (October 24, 1790 – July 5, 1868), known as Maestro Cordero, was a self-educated Afro–Puerto Rican who provided free schooling to the children of his city regardless of race or social standing.

In 2003, the Catholic Church began the process of Cordero's beatification. In 2013, Pope Francis recognized him as Venerable.

Early years

Cordero was born in San Juan, Puerto Rico, then part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, into a low-income family. He was one of three children, born to Lucas Cordero and Rita Molina. His two older sisters were Gregoria and Celestina. His father worked in the tobacco fields, while his mother tended the house. Cordero, who was of African ancestry, was self-educated. His love of literature and his determination to teach others and educate himself helped him develop the skills and preparation to teach primary school. Cordero received the sacrament of Confirmation at the age of 14 from Bishop Juan Alejo de Arizmendi (1760–1814), the first native bishop of the island. He grew up and lived his life as a devout Catholic. In 1802, his older sister Celestina, also a pious Catholic, established a "escuela de amigas" for girls on the island.

Career

In 1826 Cordero established a free school for all the children in his house. He taught children regardless of their race and those who could not afford an education otherwise. There, he taught reading, calligraphy, mathematics, and religious instruction. Among the distinguished alumni who attended Cordero's school were José Julian Acosta, Román Baldorioty de Castro and Alejandro Tapia y Rivera. Cordero maintained his educational center for 58 years at Luna Street. He proved that racial and economic integration could be possible and accepted.

Cordero was awarded the Premio de Virtud by the Sociedad Económica de Amigos del País en Puerto Rico, an economic club whose members were friends of Puerto Rico. He was given 100 pesos, which he, in turn, gave away to those in need. He used half of the money (50 pesos) to buy books and clothes for his students, and the other half was given to the homeless.

He was a great agitator for the abolition of slavery:

To the teachings of Rafael Cordero more than to any man in Porto Rico is due the credit for the abolition of slavery in that island. His school was a man factory. The decree of the national Spanish assembly issued in 1873 abolished slavery in Porto Rico forever.

Death

The people's love and respect for Cordero were evidenced by the fact that more than 2,000 people attended his funeral in 1868.

Honors and veneration

Puerto Rican poet José Gualberto Padilla published a poem titled "El maestro Rafael" honoring the educator. In 1891, Rafael Cordero was immortalized in a painting titled La Escuela del Maestro Rafael Cordero by the artist Francisco Oller which can be seen in the Puerto Rican Athenaeum. 


 The Puerto Rico Teachers Association annually awards the teacher who has distinguished himself or herself in the field of public or private education with the National Medal Rafael Cordero. There are various schools named after him, among them a high school in San Juan, an elementary school in Aguadilla, an elementary school in Jersey City, New Jersey, and a Junior High School in Brooklyn, New York.

In 2003, the Catholic Church, upon the request of the Archbishop of San Juan, Roberto González Nieves, O.F.M., began the process of Cordero's beatification. This is the first step on the road to possible canonization. On December 9, 2013, Pope Francis advanced the cause for Cordero when he declared that Cordero had heroically lived the Christian virtues and has been declared Venerable.

Gallery

  • School named in honor of Rafael Cordero in Cataño School named in honor of Rafael Cordero in Cataño
  • The street sign of Calle Maestro Rafael in San Juan The street sign of Calle Maestro Rafael in San Juan

See also

References

  1. http://touch.metro.pr//mundo/papa-autoriza-camino-a-beatificacion-del-maestro-rafael-cordero/pGXmli!HBqTbRjrGIh6/
  2. ^ Dodson, N. Barnett (24 September 1910). "Historical sketch- Noted educator and statesman". Franklin's paper the statesman. Denver, Colorado. ISSN 2577-2333. Retrieved 22 December 2022 – via Library of Congress.
  3. ^ En busca del Maestro Rafael Cordero/In search of The Master Rafael Cordero; By Jack Delano; Publisher: La Editorial Universidad de Puerto Rico; 1 edition (May 1994); ISBN 0-8477-0080-1; ISBN 978-0-8477-0080-6
  4. ^ "Rafael Cordero Molina : Maestro de próceres, Siervo de Dios (ahora Venerable)". www.preb.com. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
  5. "A Modern Historical Perspective of Puerto Rican Women". p-www.iwate-pu.ac.jp. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
  6. "Schools in Jersey City, NJ - Public & Private Schools - Trulia". www.trulia.com. Archived from the original on 12 January 2014. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
  7. "Ps 89 Cypress Hills School in Brooklyn, New York (NY) - Test Results, Rating, Ranking, Grades, Scores, Classes, Enrollment, Teachers, Students, and Report Card". www.city-data.com. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
  8. "Papa da inicio a beatificación de puertorriqueño Rafael Cordero"; "La Raza"; Retrieved December 9, 2013 Archived December 10, 2013, at archive.today

Further reading

Cordero's contributions to society have been documented in history books and also in the following books:

  • "In search of maestro Rafael Cordero" (En busca del maestro Rafael Cordero) by Jack Delano - May 1994
  • "Heroes of Puerto Rico" by Jay Nelson Tuck - March 1970

External links

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