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'''Housing in Pakistan''' generally consists of three classes: '']'' houses ({{lang|hi|पक्का}}/{{lang|ur|پکّا}} ''pakkā'', {{lit|"ripe"}}), which are made of strong materials like brick and cement; ''katchi'' houses ({{lang|ur|کچی}} ''kachē'', {{lit|"unripe, semi-made, unsure"}}), which are made of less-permanent materials such as ] and ]; and semi-''pakka'' houses (these make up, which are a sort of mix of the ''pakka'' and ''katchi'' houses.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Pakistan - Housing|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Pakistan/Housing|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-21|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|archive-date=2021-07-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724043138/https://www.britannica.com/place/Pakistan/Housing}}</ref> Housing in Pakistan has always been insufficient due to a growing population (which is 241.49 million as per the ])<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-07 |title=Pakistan’s population soars to 241.49mln in digital census 2023 |url=https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2023/08/07/pakistans-population-soars-to-241-49mln-in-digital-census-2023/ |access-date=2023-09-30 |language=en-US}}</ref> and accelerated by urbanisation combined with the housing problem being low-priority in the eyes of the government.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Story|first=Pakistan's Growth|date=2019-03-28|title=The Case of Affordable Housing|url=https://devpakblog.com/2019/03/28/the-case-of-affordable-housing/|access-date=2021-07-21|website=Pakistan's Growth Story|language=en|archive-date=2021-07-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721155403/https://devpakblog.com/2019/03/28/the-case-of-affordable-housing/|url-status=live}}</ref> Housing is an important element of ].
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== Housing shortage and deficit ==
This article deals with '''] in ]''' and, more specifically, the trend of ]. The total population of Pakistan in 2011 was 176.74 million<ref></ref> which means ] holds immense potential because of population density.<ref></ref> The people of Pakistan are experiencing penury and therefore the housing is not very elaborate or accurately planned and cannot last very long. Many people are ] due to ].
Urban areas were facing a shortage of 4.4 million housing units in 2010, while the population is expected to grow by 40 million in 2030.<ref>{{Cite web|title=How to manage urban growth in Pakistan|url=https://blogs.worldbank.org/endpovertyinsouthasia/how-manage-urban-growth-pakistan|access-date=2021-07-21|website=blogs.worldbank.org|language=en|archive-date=2021-07-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721160608/https://blogs.worldbank.org/endpovertyinsouthasia/how-manage-urban-growth-pakistan|url-status=live}}</ref> Furthermore, this shortage is expected to grow due to a shortfall of 270,000 housing units per year.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Affordable Housing in Pakistan|url=https://www.reall.net/data-dashboard/pakistan/|access-date=2021-07-21|website=Reall—Affordable Housing Charity|language=en-GB|archive-date=2021-07-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721160912/https://www.reall.net/data-dashboard/pakistan/|url-status=live}}</ref> In Pakistan, past trends indicate that the increase in housing stock (146 percent increase) lagged far behind the population growth (209 percent increase) during 1960-1998, leading to overcrowding in housing units. The growth of housing in urban areas was far more rapid as compared to rural areas; 253 percent and 115 percent respectively. The habitation density level equals more than three people per room, which is significantly higher than the tolerable crowding level proposed by the ]; 1.4 to 2.0 individuals per room.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Haq|first=Ms. Rashida|title=Quantity and Quality of Housing Conditions|url=https://bisp.gov.pk/SiteImage/Misc/files/Quantity-and-Quality.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=24 July 2021|website=]|archive-date=4 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210704100224/https://bisp.gov.pk/SiteImage/Misc/files/Quantity-and-Quality.pdf}}</ref> Urban crowding, specifically, has been accelerated by people from less-developed rural areas moving to cities to achieve better qualities of life.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-03-18|title=How do we solve the housing crisis in Pakistan?|url=https://nation.com.pk/18-Mar-2019/how-do-we-solve-the-housing-crisis-in-pakistan|access-date=2021-07-24|website=The Nation|language=en|archive-date=2019-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503172048/https://nation.com.pk/18-Mar-2019/how-do-we-solve-the-housing-crisis-in-pakistan|url-status=live}}</ref>


== Housing finance in Pakistan ==
==Construction companies in the 1970s-80s==
Housing financing is an important driver of housing in Pakistan and many banks are offering loans for house construction.<ref>{{Citation |last=Malik |first=Sana |title=Appraisal of Housing Finance in Pakistan for Low-Income Groups: Concepts and Processes |date=2022 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88881-7_17 |work=Accessible Housing for South Asia: Needs, Implementation and Impacts |pages=297–308 |editor-last=Kundu |editor-first=Amitabh |access-date=2023-10-01 |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-88881-7_17 |isbn=978-3-030-88881-7 |last2=Roosli |first2=Ruhizal |editor2-last=Ponce Dentinho |editor2-first=Tomaz |editor3-last=Magsi |editor3-first=Habibullah |editor4-last=Basu |editor4-first=Kanika}}</ref>
Al Azam built very low-priced ] as well as ] accommodations in Karachi and ], using the ] system. It kept prices down, without sacrificing quality, by: reducing its ] and increasing ].


== See also ==
During the 1970s, M.Y Corporation, Rukunuddin Construction Company, and Hasan Associate come in to the construction arena with a commitment to provide low-cost housing and followed Al Azam's footstep. The company, which was formed by a retired ] from the Pakistan Works Department (PWD), introduced low-cost ] housing units, in addition to their regular low-priced apartments. The quality and safety of their units, however, were generally viewed as inferior.
Maymar, another ] company, entered the market in the late 1970s, with residential apartments and housing units that were probably the best built. They were highly successful. As demand for better housing accommodation increased, Maymar moved ], leaving behind the low-cost housing sector.


* ]
Construction firms, such as Cellrock and Abidi, entered the industry in the early 1980s to focus on low-cost prefabricated housing units. As the quality of their construction was substandard, these efforts proved unsuccessful, causing serious financial losses.
* ]

* ]
There has been interest from Government organizations such as from the stand-point of providing low cost material. The proposed construction of low cost housing at in Karachi pegs rate-per-square-foot at only Rs. 387.

Companies like cooliobob{{who?|date=October 2017}} and Maymar evolved primarily due to the establishment the Karachi Development Authority. It was entrusted with the task of making new development schemes for the city of Karachi. Simultaneously the institution established a wing by the name of Public Housing Scheme which was entrusted with construction and selling finished flats/houses. However, the need was so much in the city that Public Housing Scheme could not have fulfilled it on its own. This was why Karachi Development Authority facilitated builders like Al Azam and Maymar with cheap land to share its burden of providing housing to the people. The concept was considered noble, and there was no risk of losses.

The chaos started when the cheap land was distributed by corrupt bureaucrats to non-professional builders. These corrupt and non-professional builders damaged the industry and made the survival of companies making good quality housing difficult. On the other hand, the Public Housing Scheme (which was still succeeding in providing decently priced and decent quality housing) was hit hard by the collapse of utility companies who failed to provide them connections in time. Thus the last hope of people getting good quality housing with safety of investment went down with the closure of Public Housing Scheme.

The construction industry began to mushroom toward the end of the 1970s. Most of the new companies joined the industry merely to make a quick profit, without regard for the quality and ] of their buildings. Monthly installments were also too costly for most of the general public. As a result of ] ] practices, public confidence in low-cost housing projects suffered after some low-cost buildings collapsed, due to poor construction and thieving of materials.

Firms such as Al Azam and are nowadays very rare, as most construction firms preoccupy themselves with traditional outdated modes of construction. As the general public becomes increasingly knowledgeable and affluent, housing and construction are increasingly focusing on high-end and high-quality deluxe housing, where profits are also better. Today, low-cost housing are largely confined to remote city and town areas, and are largely managed by the ].


==References== ==References==
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* © 2007 Associated Press of Pakistan * © 2007 Associated Press of Pakistan
* by Nadir Mansoor et al. * by Nadir Mansoor et al.

==External links==
*

{{Economy of Pakistan topics}} {{Economy of Pakistan topics}}
]

] ]

Latest revision as of 18:46, 1 October 2023

A square full of middle-class apartment buildings in Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Karachi.
A square full of middle-class apartment buildings in Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Karachi.

Housing in Pakistan generally consists of three classes: pakka houses (पक्का/پکّا pakkā, lit. '"ripe"'), which are made of strong materials like brick and cement; katchi houses (کچی kachē, lit. '"unripe, semi-made, unsure"'), which are made of less-permanent materials such as thatch and bamboo; and semi-pakka houses (these make up, which are a sort of mix of the pakka and katchi houses. Housing in Pakistan has always been insufficient due to a growing population (which is 241.49 million as per the 2023 Pakistani Census) and accelerated by urbanisation combined with the housing problem being low-priority in the eyes of the government. Housing is an important element of real estate in Pakistan.

Housing shortage and deficit

Urban areas were facing a shortage of 4.4 million housing units in 2010, while the population is expected to grow by 40 million in 2030. Furthermore, this shortage is expected to grow due to a shortfall of 270,000 housing units per year. In Pakistan, past trends indicate that the increase in housing stock (146 percent increase) lagged far behind the population growth (209 percent increase) during 1960-1998, leading to overcrowding in housing units. The growth of housing in urban areas was far more rapid as compared to rural areas; 253 percent and 115 percent respectively. The habitation density level equals more than three people per room, which is significantly higher than the tolerable crowding level proposed by the United Nations; 1.4 to 2.0 individuals per room. Urban crowding, specifically, has been accelerated by people from less-developed rural areas moving to cities to achieve better qualities of life.

Housing finance in Pakistan

Housing financing is an important driver of housing in Pakistan and many banks are offering loans for house construction.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Pakistan - Housing". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 2021-07-24. Retrieved 2021-07-21.
  2. "Pakistan's population soars to 241.49mln in digital census 2023". 2023-08-07. Retrieved 2023-09-30.
  3. Story, Pakistan's Growth (2019-03-28). "The Case of Affordable Housing". Pakistan's Growth Story. Archived from the original on 2021-07-21. Retrieved 2021-07-21.
  4. "How to manage urban growth in Pakistan". blogs.worldbank.org. Archived from the original on 2021-07-21. Retrieved 2021-07-21.
  5. "Affordable Housing in Pakistan". Reall—Affordable Housing Charity. Archived from the original on 2021-07-21. Retrieved 2021-07-21.
  6. Haq, Ms. Rashida. "Quantity and Quality of Housing Conditions" (PDF). Benazir Income Support Programme. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2021. Retrieved 24 July 2021.
  7. "How do we solve the housing crisis in Pakistan?". The Nation. 2019-03-18. Archived from the original on 2019-05-03. Retrieved 2021-07-24.
  8. Malik, Sana; Roosli, Ruhizal (2022), Kundu, Amitabh; Ponce Dentinho, Tomaz; Magsi, Habibullah; Basu, Kanika (eds.), "Appraisal of Housing Finance in Pakistan for Low-Income Groups: Concepts and Processes", Accessible Housing for South Asia: Needs, Implementation and Impacts, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 297–308, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-88881-7_17, ISBN 978-3-030-88881-7, retrieved 2023-10-01
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