Misplaced Pages

Latest revision as of 00:32, 15 January 2025

This is the talk page for discussing improvements to the Albert Einstein article. This is not a forum for general discussion of the article's subject.

Put new text under old text. Click here to start a new topic. New to Misplaced Pages? Welcome! Learn to edit; get help. Assume good faith Be polite and avoid personal attacks Be welcoming to newcomers Seek dispute resolution if needed Article policies Neutral point of view No original research Verifiability

Find sources: Google (books · news · scholar · free images · WP refs) · FENS · JSTOR · TWL

Archives: Index, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19Auto-archiving period: 14 days

There is a request, submitted by User:Wcamp9, for an audio version of this article to be created. For further information, see WikiProject Spoken Misplaced Pages. The rationale behind the request is: "One of the most important figures and pop culture icons in the history of science and the world. The man named "Person of the Century" deserves a Spoken article."".

This article is written in American English, which has its own spelling conventions (color, defense, traveled) and some terms that are used in it may be different or absent from other varieties of English. According to the relevant style guide, this should not be changed without broad consensus.

	Albert Einstein is a former featured article. Please see the links under Article milestones below for its original nomination page (for older articles, check the nomination archive) and why it was removed.
	Albert Einstein has been listed as one of the Natural sciences good articles under the good article criteria. If you can improve it further, please do so. If it no longer meets these criteria, you can reassess it.
	This article appeared on Misplaced Pages's Main Page as Today's featured article on February 12, 2005.
Article milestones Date Process Result January 13, 2005 Featured article candidate Promoted November 16, 2006 Featured article review Demoted October 5, 2007 Good article nominee Listed June 14, 2009 Featured article candidate Not promoted July 18, 2009 Peer review Reviewed May 8, 2023 Good article reassessment Kept Facts from this article were featured on Misplaced Pages's Main Page in the "On this day..." column on December 2, 2004, June 30, 2005, June 30, 2006, April 18, 2017, and March 14, 2024. Current status: Former featured article, current good article

This  level-3 vital article is rated GA-class on Misplaced Pages's content assessment scale. It is of interest to multiple WikiProjects.

Biography: Science and Academia / Core This article is within the scope of WikiProject Biography, a collaborative effort to create, develop and organize Misplaced Pages's articles about people. All interested editors are invited to join the project and contribute to the discussion. For instructions on how to use this banner, please refer to the documentation.BiographyWikipedia:WikiProject BiographyTemplate:WikiProject Biographybiography This article is supported by the science and academia work group (assessed as Top-importance). This article is listed on the project's core biographies page. Germany Top‑importance This article is within the scope of WikiProject Germany, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Germany on Misplaced Pages. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion and see a list of open tasks.GermanyWikipedia:WikiProject GermanyTemplate:WikiProject GermanyGermany Top This article has been rated as Top-importance on the project's importance scale. Switzerland High‑importance This article is within the scope of WikiProject Switzerland, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Switzerland on Misplaced Pages. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion and see a list of open tasks.SwitzerlandWikipedia:WikiProject SwitzerlandTemplate:WikiProject SwitzerlandSwitzerland High This article has been rated as High-importance on the project's importance scale. History of Science Top‑importance This article is part of the History of Science WikiProject, an attempt to improve and organize the history of science content on Misplaced Pages. If you would like to participate, you can edit the article attached to this page, or visit the project page, where you can join the project and/or contribute to the discussion. You can also help with the History of Science Collaboration of the Month.History of ScienceWikipedia:WikiProject History of ScienceTemplate:WikiProject History of Sciencehistory of science Top This article has been rated as Top-importance on the project's importance scale. Jewish history High‑importance This article is within the scope of WikiProject Jewish history, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Jewish history on Misplaced Pages. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion and see a list of open tasks.Jewish historyWikipedia:WikiProject Jewish historyTemplate:WikiProject Jewish historyJewish history-related High This article has been rated as High-importance on the project's importance scale. United States Low‑importance This article is within the scope of WikiProject United States, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of topics relating to the United States of America on Misplaced Pages. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the ongoing discussions. Template Usage Articles Requested! Become a Member Project Talk Alerts United StatesWikipedia:WikiProject United StatesTemplate:WikiProject United StatesUnited States Low This article has been rated as Low-importance on the project's importance scale. Socialism Mid‑importance This article is within the scope of WikiProject Socialism, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of socialism on Misplaced Pages. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion and see a list of open tasks.SocialismWikipedia:WikiProject SocialismTemplate:WikiProject Socialismsocialism Mid This article has been rated as Mid-importance on the project's importance scale. Mathematics High‑priority This article is within the scope of WikiProject Mathematics, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of mathematics on Misplaced Pages. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion and see a list of open tasks.MathematicsWikipedia:WikiProject MathematicsTemplate:WikiProject Mathematicsmathematics High This article has been rated as High-priority on the project's priority scale. Veganism and Vegetarianism High‑importance This article is within the scope of WikiProject Veganism and Vegetarianism, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of veganism and vegetarianism on Misplaced Pages. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion and see a list of open tasks.Veganism and VegetarianismWikipedia:WikiProject Veganism and VegetarianismTemplate:WikiProject Veganism and VegetarianismVeganism and Vegetarianism High This article has been rated as High-importance on the project's importance scale. New Jersey Mid‑importance This article is part of WikiProject New Jersey, an effort to create, expand, and improve New Jersey–related articles to Misplaced Pages feature-quality standard. Please join in the discussion.New JerseyWikipedia:WikiProject New JerseyTemplate:WikiProject New JerseyNew Jersey Mid This article has been rated as Mid-importance on the project's importance scale. Philosophy: Philosophers / Science Low‑importance This article is within the scope of WikiProject Philosophy, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of content related to philosophy on Misplaced Pages. If you would like to support the project, please visit the project page, where you can get more details on how you can help, and where you can join the general discussion about philosophy content on Misplaced Pages.PhilosophyWikipedia:WikiProject PhilosophyTemplate:WikiProject PhilosophyPhilosophy Low This article has been rated as Low-importance on the project's importance scale. Associated task forces: /  Philosophers Philosophy of science Physics: Relativity / Biographies / History Top‑importance This article is within the scope of WikiProject Physics, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Physics on Misplaced Pages. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion and see a list of open tasks.PhysicsWikipedia:WikiProject PhysicsTemplate:WikiProject Physicsphysics Top This article has been rated as Top-importance on the project's importance scale. This article is supported by the relativity task force. This article is supported by Biographies Taskforce. This article is supported by History Taskforce. Astronomy: Cosmology Mid‑importance This article is within the scope of WikiProject Astronomy, which collaborates on articles related to Astronomy on Misplaced Pages.AstronomyWikipedia:WikiProject AstronomyTemplate:WikiProject AstronomyAstronomy Mid This article has been rated as Mid-importance on the project's importance scale. This article is supported by Cosmology task force. Religion Low‑importance This article is within the scope of WikiProject Religion, a project to improve Misplaced Pages's articles on Religion-related subjects. Please participate by editing the article, and help us assess and improve articles to good and 1.0 standards, or visit the wikiproject page for more details.ReligionWikipedia:WikiProject ReligionTemplate:WikiProject ReligionReligion Low This article has been rated as Low-importance on the project's importance scale. Israel High‑importance This article is within the scope of WikiProject Israel, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Israel on Misplaced Pages. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion and see a list of open tasks.IsraelWikipedia:WikiProject IsraelTemplate:WikiProject IsraelIsrael-related High This article has been rated as High-importance on the project's importance scale. Project Israel To Do: edit history watch purge Here are some tasks awaiting attention: Assess : Rate the Unassessed Israel-related articles and Unknown-importance Israel-related articles. Cleanup : Cleanup listing for this project is available. See also the list by category and the tool's wiki page. Collaborate : Participate in WikiProject Israel Palestine Collaboration. Copyedit : Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2005 Deletion sorting : Participate in discussions at WikiProject Deletion sorting/Israel. Expand : Ayala Procaccia, Diamond industry in Israel, Edna Arbel, Levin Kipnis, Rami Kleinstein, Sephardic Haredim, Zman Tel Aviv, Nachum Heiman, Public Defence (Israel), Prisoner of Zion, Trial of Benjamin Netanyahu, Day to Mark the Departure and Expulsion of Jews from the Arab Countries and Iran, Pre-Modern Aliyah See also Articles needing translation from Hebrew Misplaced Pages. Geographical coordinates : Add geographic coordinates to Israel articles missing geocoordinate data. Infobox : Add infoboxes to Israel articles needing infoboxes. Maintain : See Israel articles needing attention. Map : See discussion at Module:Location map/data/Israel. Add maps to articles in Misplaced Pages requested maps in Israel. NPOV : Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries Photo : Add pictures to articles in Misplaced Pages requested photographs in Israel. Stubs : See Israel stubs. Update : Basic Law proposal: Israel as the Nation-State of the Jewish People Other : Translate to Hebrew : David Bar-Hayim, Guy Bavli, and Guy Oseary. European history Mid‑importance This article is within the scope of WikiProject European history, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of the history of Europe on Misplaced Pages. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion and see a list of open tasks.European historyWikipedia:WikiProject European historyTemplate:WikiProject European historyEuropean history Mid This article has been rated as Mid-importance on the project's importance scale. Guild of Copy Editors This article was copy edited by Otterpops, a member of the Guild of Copy Editors, on 26 February 2007 (UTC).Guild of Copy EditorsWikipedia:WikiProject Guild of Copy EditorsTemplate:WikiProject Guild of Copy EditorsGuild of Copy Editors Previous copyedits: /  This article was copy edited by Otterpops on 4 March 2007 (UTC). This article was copy edited by Otterpops on 5 March 2007 (UTC). This article was copy edited by Otterpops on 14 March 2007 (UTC).

This article has been viewed enough times to make it onto the all-time Top 100 list. It has had 86 million views since December 2007.

This article has been viewed enough times in a single week to appear in the Top 25 Report 7 times. The weeks in which this happened: January 4 to 10, 2015 April 23 to 29, 2017 April 30 to May 6, 2017 June 18 to 24, 2017 March 11 to 17, 2018 July 23 to 29, 2023 February 18 to 24, 2024

Archives

Index 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19

This page has archives. Sections older than 14 days may be automatically archived by Lowercase sigmabot III.

GA Reassessment

Albert Einstein

The following discussion is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

Article (edit | visual edit | history) · Article talk (edit | history) · Watch • Watch article reassessment page • GAN review not found

Result: Kept, with thanks to XOR'easter for their hard work. ~~ AirshipJungleman29 (talk) 18:11, 8 May 2023 (UTC)

It looks like there's some uncited text and other problems including

• If one end of a wormhole was positively charged, the other end would be negatively charged. These properties led Einstein to believe that pairs of particles and antiparticles could be described in this way.
• Later, after the death of his second wife Elsa, Einstein was briefly in a relationship with Margarita Konenkova. Konenkova was a Russian spy who was married to the Russian sculptor Sergei Konenkov (who created the bronze bust of Einstein at the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton).*the Einstein-Cartan theory section
• The equations of motion section
• The Adiabatic principle and action-angle variables section
• In "Über die Entwicklung unserer Anschauungen über das Wesen und die Konstitution der Strahlung" ("The Development of our Views on the Composition and Essence of Radiation"), on the quantization of light, and in an earlier 1909 paper, Einstein showed that Max Planck's energy quanta must have well-defined momenta and act in some respects as independent, point-like particles. This paper introduced the photon concept (although the name photon was introduced later by Gilbert N. Lewis in 1926) and inspired the notion of wave–particle duality in quantum mechanics. Einstein saw this wave–particle duality in radiation as concrete evidence for his conviction that physics needed a new, unified foundation.
• The matter waves section
• Although he was lauded for this work, his efforts were ultimately unsuccessful. Notably, Einstein's unification project did not accommodate the strong and weak nuclear forces, neither of which was well understood until many years after his death. Although mainstream physics long ignored Einstein's approaches to unification, Einstein's work has motivated modern quests for a theory of everything, in particular string theory, where geometrical fields emerge in a unified quantum-mechanical setting.
• The other investigations section
• Einstein suggested to Erwin Schrödinger that he might be able to reproduce the statistics of a Bose–Einstein gas by considering a box. Then to each possible quantum motion of a particle in a box associate an independent harmonic oscillator. Quantizing these oscillators, each level will have an integer occupation number, which will be the number of particles in it.
• Many popular quotations are often misattributed to him.

and possibly more. Though some of these could have been general referenced and I missed it. Onegreatjoke (talk) 18:01, 17 February 2023 (UTC)

Seems rather odd to open this without editing the article yourself or raising any issues on the article talkpage first. --JBL (talk) 18:45, 17 February 2023 (UTC)

 This review was put on hold for two months to relieve pressure on topic editors at GAR. ~~ AirshipJungleman29 (talk) 22:57, 17 April 2023 (UTC)

On a first reading, none of the uncited statements look atrocious. Various standard textbooks/histories/biographies should cover them, I think. XOR'easter (talk) 18:56, 20 April 2023 (UTC)

Working through these as I find the time. XOR'easter (talk) 21:04, 23 April 2023 (UTC)

All the {{citation needed}} tags are addressed now. XOR'easter (talk) 20:20, 5 May 2023 (UTC)

XOR'easter, thanks for your efforts. A couple of things still need to be directly cited: the quotes in the sentence beginning "As he stated in the paper" in the physical cosmology section, the Einstein–Cartan theory and Wave–particle duality sections. Also, do you think MOS:OVERSECTION is a problem at all? ~~ AirshipJungleman29 (talk) 16:46, 8 May 2023 (UTC)

The citation for the "As he stated in the paper..." is immediately preceding that passage. I don't see the need to repeat footnotes there. There are more divisions into short subsections than I would have included, but I'm not sure that's a problem per se. XOR'easter (talk) 17:41, 8 May 2023 (UTC)

Birther bias

The John McCain article doesn't say that he was Panama-born American. To obsess over German-born is an overt way of stating that Einstein wasn't American. Arbeiten8 (talk) 11:36, 7 November 2024 (UTC)

Gee, I wonder if there are any differences between two people's biographies that might make it correct in one instance but not another! Give us a break, would you? Remsense ‥ 论 11:47, 7 November 2024 (UTC)

Hmm. Einstein is an Ashkenazi Jew and can't be American? We otherize an Ashkenazi Jew? Arbeiten8 (talk) 11:51, 7 November 2024 (UTC)

Before I file a report about it, I'll toss you a chance to rephrase the above statement into some non-disgusting characterization of what I said. Alternatively, you could call me an antisemite directly instead, which would likely expedite the process. Remsense ‥ 论 12:04, 7 November 2024 (UTC)

I edit without intimidation. I don't quiver. I stand for what is right unapologetically. Likewise, I welcome you to be bold. Arbeiten8 (talk) 13:29, 7 November 2024 (UTC)

What is right is that when you are in somebody else's pkayground, you abide by their rules. In the case of wiki, the rule is consensus. -- Shmuel (Seymour J.) Metz Username:Chatul (talk) 16:01, 7 November 2024 (UTC)

When a practice is fishy, I question it. I understand that the majority sometimes shouts down a dissenter. Just people a Founding Father came up with a 3/5 clause, that doesn't mean it is right. Similarly, a Founding Father zeroed in on birtherism, that doesn't mean it is right. Furthermore, by your own admission, you don't share much Einstein on the question of birth. Lastly, there is no consensus to start every article for those born outside the U.S. with X-born. Arbeiten8 (talk) 16:20, 7 November 2024 (UTC)

No-one is saying he wasn't American when he died. A lot of people are saying that his nationality around the time of his death is less important than his nationality which he associated with for most of his life. BTF Flotsam (talk) 05:56, 17 November 2024 (UTC)

If you want to get what you feel to be an important message across, you can actually speak plainly and without fear, instead of carefully hedging your unjustified accusations of other editors' impropriety such that you won't immediately get shitcanned for it, which is what you clearly did here. Remsense ‥ 论 07:31, 17 November 2024 (UTC)

How does German-born conflict with his being nationalized American? Real people fall into multiple categories, and which category is most important depends on context. I am an Ashkenazi Jew, an American, a Michigander in exile, a college graduate, a systems programmer, a father and many other things. There seems to be a consensus that the birth place is relevant in the lead, and I see no bias in that. -- Shmuel (Seymour J.) Metz Username:Chatul (talk) 16:01, 7 November 2024 (UTC)

There are those who argue that being foreign-born (even when naturalized) makes an American unqualified to hold a security clearance or hold positions of authority. Consequently, to start the article with a divisive language is uncalled for. Arbeiten8 (talk) 16:23, 7 November 2024 (UTC)

John McCain, born to a US Air Force officer father and an American mother on an American military base in Panama, is a natural-born citizen of the United States. Einstein, born in Germany to German parents, is not. It's ridiculous that this needs to be spelled out. – Muboshgu (talk) 16:55, 7 November 2024 (UTC)

the Natural-born-citizen clause is an American invention from hundreds of years ago which is ignored by many countries. A Palestinian with Gaza parents born in Saudi Arabia won't become Saudi Arabian. The birther skepticism of Americanness is typically raised against non-European Americans. It was raised against Obama despite his American mother. Off the top of my head, I give you 2 examples: Nikola Tesla and Elon Musk. Neither had American parents at the time of their births. Arbeiten8 (talk) 17:03, 7 November 2024 (UTC)

Yes, the world is full of bigoted xenophobes. It is also full of people who are not xenophobes. Do you have any evidence that the consensus on what to include in the lead is the result of bigotry? Your personal prejudices don't count as evidence, only real statements by real people during the discussion. People who despise the birthers disagree with you, so don't paint everybody with the same brush -- Shmuel (Seymour J.) Metz Username:Chatul (talk) 17:24, 7 November 2024 (UTC)

Okay. Let us focus on the task at hand.

1. Elon Musk "is a businessman" is good. Elon Musk is an American businessman is also acceptable.

2. Nikola Tesla "was a Serbian-American" engineer.

3. Albert Einstein "was a German-American theoretical physicist"

I submit my proposal for consideration on this platform. Arbeiten8 (talk) 17:36, 7 November 2024 (UTC)

He was not born to German parents but to German passport holding Ashkenazi Jewish parents. 92.116.253.224 (talk) 21:20, 9 December 2024 (UTC)

Only according to the Nazi definition of "German". But that is not relevant here. See WP:NONAZIS. --Hob Gadling (talk) 07:07, 10 December 2024 (UTC)

• Let's see ... I'm sure Einstein said something on point to this ... Ah, yes!

If my theory of relativity is proven correct, Germany will claim me as a German and France will declare that I am a citizen of the world. Should my theory prove untrue, France will say that I am a German and Germany will declare that I am a Jew.

From a quick search this quotation doesn't appear in any of the Einstein articles. Too bad. EEng 18:00, 7 November 2024 (UTC)

Stating Einstein´s historic importance in the intro text.

Einstein is among the most famnous people in history. He shall be named what he is. "one of the most famous physicists and scientists in history". and his political impact was immense in the 20th history. see his letter to the president and his calling for world peace and socialism as one of the world´s most famous people. I want to state all that with one more line in the intro text. seems a must to me. BauhausFan89 (talk) 18:38, 21 December 2024 (UTC)

"Famous" is one of the examples given of puffery to avoid at MOS:PUFFERY. Let the accomplishments speak for themselves. – Muboshgu (talk) 18:45, 21 December 2024 (UTC)

His political impact is already mentioned in the lead, and is proportionately represented in a balanced summary of the article body—that's what the lead is meant to be. His fame in itself is also already noted in the lead, which is something we generally avoid because such statements are usually totally lacking in informative value or substance. We understandably don't avoid such mention here, but we don't need additional superlatives that do nothing but tell, not show. Remsense ‥ 论 18:48, 21 December 2024 (UTC)

Einstein and Austrian citizenship

The article has been corrected to indicate that Albert Einstein never became an Austrian citizen. The Einstein Archives of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in the article "Albert Einstein German, Swiss and American?" states:

Early in 1911, Einstein is appointed at the German University of Prague. Such an appointment is “contingent on the acquisition of Austrian citizenship” and thus, Einstein is requested to “take, without delay, the necessary steps to obtain the release from present citizenship”.

However, while it is confirmed that, with a delay of one semester and dressed in a most picturesque uniform, Einstein took the solemn oath of office, the process of naturalization is not finalized before Einstein leaves Prague for Zurich in 1912.

Thus he remains a Swiss citizen and never became a subject of the Austrian Empire.

The article also notes that he lost his German citizenship on April 29, 1934 not in 1933 as indicated in the infobox. --Guest2625 (talk) 01:23, 23 December 2024 (UTC)

It is enough for Austria to make the world believe that Hitler was a German and Mozart an Austrian. In fact, it is the other way around. The Austrians don't have to steal Einstein as well.Kerngesund1985 (talk) 13:44, 3 January 2025 (UTC)

Einstein being a Jew should be mentioned in the first paragraph

There is a debate above about if he should be introduced as "German born". I think him being German is significantly less important to his identity than being Jewish, and the rest of the article seems to agree, frequently referencing that he is a Jew. It is a common phenomenon on Misplaced Pages that Jews are not immediately mentioned as Jewish if they are secular, and this is a form of bias. Haplodiploid75 (talk) 19:30, 25 December 2024 (UTC)

Believe it or not, this has been discussed before. In fact, such discussion (though not the most engaging) is already on this page. Please review the existing discussions in this talk page's archives before starting another discussion seeking to change the existing consensus. Remsense ‥ 论 20:55, 25 December 2024 (UTC)

I'm sorry! You can close the discussion Haplodiploid75 (talk) 21:16, 25 December 2024 (UTC)

The most recent discussion is archived at Talk:Albert_Einstein/Archive_19#Einstein_and_Jewishness. The person who wanted a simple statement of "He was Jewish" got blocked for their trouble. Everyone else felt that the issue was more complicated than just bloodline heritage. Jewishness may also depend on a person's religious stance and their cultural practice. Einstein definitely did not have those aspects. He explicitly turned away from all that. Binksternet (talk) 16:48, 4 January 2025 (UTC)

Einstein Smart Meter advertisements

So in the UK there are many different ads for ‘smart’ electricity meters which depict a likeness of Einstein doing various things. I feel like this is important as it shows the modern public image of Einstein as a ‘smart’ person.

Here is one example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7zt_xT_0tx0 2A00:23C6:3E27:A101:B147:A7C5:F44C:627D (talk) 21:52, 3 January 2025 (UTC)

Just as extra citation, I found this page about them:

https://www.smartenergygb.org/about-us/meet-einstein 2A00:23C6:3E27:A101:B147:A7C5:F44C:627D (talk) 21:55, 3 January 2025 (UTC)

Trivial. It is not a unique occurrence that Einstein's legacy as a "smart person" is being used to promote the products and services. Yue🌙 01:02, 4 January 2025 (UTC)

Fair enough. 2A00:23C6:3E27:A101:D0B5:C1F7:61AD:CCA (talk) 15:55, 4 January 2025 (UTC)

• Spoken Misplaced Pages requests
• Misplaced Pages articles that use American English
• Misplaced Pages former featured articles
• Misplaced Pages good articles
• Natural sciences good articles
• Featured articles that have appeared on the main page
• Featured articles that have appeared on the main page once
• Old requests for peer review
• GA-Class level-3 vital articles
• Misplaced Pages level-3 vital articles in People
• GA-Class vital articles in People
• GA-Class biography articles
• GA-Class biography (science and academia) articles
• Top-importance biography (science and academia) articles
• Science and academia work group articles
• GA-Class biography (core) articles
• Core biography articles
• Top-importance biography articles
• WikiProject Biography articles
• GA-Class Germany articles
• Top-importance Germany articles
• WikiProject Germany articles
• GA-Class Switzerland articles
• High-importance Switzerland articles
• All WikiProject Switzerland pages
• GA-Class history of science articles
• Top-importance history of science articles
• WikiProject History of Science articles
• GA-Class Jewish history-related articles
• High-importance Jewish history-related articles
• WikiProject Jewish history articles
• GA-Class United States articles
• Low-importance United States articles
• GA-Class United States articles of Low-importance
• WikiProject United States articles
• GA-Class socialism articles
• Mid-importance socialism articles
• WikiProject Socialism articles
• GA-Class mathematics articles
• High-priority mathematics articles
• GA-Class Veganism and Vegetarianism articles
• High-importance Veganism and Vegetarianism articles
• WikiProject Veganism and Vegetarianism articles
• GA-Class New Jersey articles
• Mid-importance New Jersey articles
• WikiProject New Jersey articles
• GA-Class Philosophy articles
• Low-importance Philosophy articles
• GA-Class philosopher articles
• Low-importance philosopher articles
• Philosophers task force articles
• GA-Class philosophy of science articles
• Low-importance philosophy of science articles
• Philosophy of science task force articles
• GA-Class physics articles
• Top-importance physics articles
• GA-Class physics articles of Top-importance
• GA-Class relativity articles
• Relativity articles
• GA-Class physics biographies articles
• Physics biographies articles
• GA-Class physics history articles
• Physics history articles
• GA-Class Astronomy articles
• Mid-importance Astronomy articles
• GA-Class Astronomy articles of Mid-importance
• GA-Class Cosmology articles
• GA-Class Religion articles
• Low-importance Religion articles
• WikiProject Religion articles
• GA-Class Israel-related articles
• High-importance Israel-related articles
• WikiProject Israel articles
• GA-Class European history articles
• Mid-importance European history articles
• All WikiProject European history pages
• Articles copy edited by the Guild of Copy Editors
• Pages in the Misplaced Pages Top 25 Report