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{{short description|Internet meme that states that Internet pornography exists concerning every conceivable topic}} {{Short description|Internet slang regarding pornography}}
{{Other uses|Rule 34 (disambiguation){{!}}Rule 34}} {{Other uses}}
{{Pp|small=yes}}
'''Rule 34''' is an ] and ] that states that, as a rule, ] exists concerning every conceivable topic. The concept is commonly depicted as ] of normally non-erotic subjects engaging in sexual behavior.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/rule-34|title=Rule 34|website=Know Your Meme|access-date=2019-11-18}}</ref> This art can also include anthropomorphized non-human subjects, such as the search engine ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/rule34/comments/ddc2ug/googlechan_is_finally_legal_xxx54_website_girls/|title=r/rule34 - Google-Chan is finally legal. (xxx54) |website=reddit|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-18}}</ref>
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2020}}


'''Rule 34''' is an ] which claims that some form of ] exists concerning every possible topic. The concept is commonly depicted as ] of normally non-erotic subjects engaging in sexual activity.<ref name=":2">{{cite news |last=Dewey |first=Caitlin |date=April 6, 2016 |title=Is Rule 34 actually true?: An investigation into the Internet's most risqué law |newspaper=] |publisher=] |location=Washington, D.C. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2016/04/06/is-rule-34-actually-true-an-investigation-into-the-internets-most-risque-law/ |access-date=May 27, 2018 |archive-date=May 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529095553/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2016/04/06/is-rule-34-actually-true-an-investigation-into-the-internets-most-risque-law/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It can also include writings, animations, images, ]s and any other form of media to which the internet provides opportunities for proliferation and redistribution.
==Origin==
The exact origin of Rule 34 is unknown, though it may have originated from a 2003 ], captioned "Rule #34 There is porn of it. No exceptions.", which was drawn by Peter Morley-Souter to depict his shock at seeing '']'' parody porn.<ref>] and Sai Gaddam, '''', Penguin Books, 2011.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2016/04/06/is-rule-34-actually-true-an-investigation-into-the-internets-most-risque-law/|title=Is Rule 34 actually true?: An investigation into the Internet's most risqué law|first=Caitlin|last=Dewey|date=6 April 2016|publisher=|via=www.washingtonpost.com}}</ref> Morley-Souter posted his comic on the ] website Zoom-Out in 2004, and it has been widely reproduced.


==Popularization== == History ==
The phrase ''Rule 34'' was coined from an August 13, 2003, ] captioned, "Rule #34 There is porn of it. No exceptions." The comic was drawn by TangoStari (Peter Morley-Souter) to depict his shock at seeing '']'' parody porn.<ref name=":2" /><ref name="OgasGaddam2011">{{cite book |last1=Ogas |first1=Ogi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jwU8_m8y5X0C |title=A Billion Wicked Thoughts: What the Internet Tells Us About Sexual Relationships |last2=Gaddam |first2=Sai |date=2011 |publisher=] |isbn=9781101514986 |location=New York City |postscript=none |author-link1=Ogi Ogas |access-date=December 22, 2015 |archive-date=March 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322060713/https://books.google.com/books?id=jwU8_m8y5X0C |url-status=live }}</ref> Although the comic faded into obscurity, the caption instantly became popular on the Internet. Since then, the phrase has been adapted into different syntactic versions and has even been used as a verb.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ogas |first=Ogi |date=2013 |title=A billion wicked thoughts: What the internet reveals about sexual desire |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/e638152013-018 |doi=10.1037/e638152013-018 |access-date=2020-12-26 |website=PsycEXTRA Dataset |archive-date=March 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322060724/https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/PE |url-status=live }}</ref> A list of "rules of the Internet", created on the website ], includes Rule 34 within a list of similar ] maxims, such as ].<ref name="Leopold" />
Internet users have made Rule 34 into a prevalent ], owing to the ubiquity of ], especially among genres such as ], ] and ].<ref name=":1" />


In 2008, users on 4chan posted numerous sexually explicit parodies and cartoons illustrating Rule 34; in 4chan ], pornography may be referred to as "rule 34" or "]".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Olson |first=Parmy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ncGVPtoZPHcC |title=We Are Anonymous: Inside the Hacker World of LulzSec, Anonymous, and the Global Cyber Insurgency |date=2012-06-05 |publisher=] |isbn=978-0-316-21353-0 |language=en |access-date=December 22, 2015 |archive-date=March 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322060715/https://books.google.com/books?id=ncGVPtoZPHcC |url-status=live }}</ref> ''The Dictionary of Modern Proverbs'' claims that Rule 34 "began appearing on Internet postings in 2008".<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last1=Doyle |first1=Charles Clay |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.12987/9780300183351/html |title=The Dictionary of Modern Proverbs |last2=Mieder |first2=Wolfgang |last3=Shapiro |first3=Fred Richard |date=2017-12-31 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-18335-1 |editor-first= |doi=10.12987/9780300183351 |jstor=j.ctt1nq6jk |oclc=794004254 |author-link2=Wolfgang Mieder |author-link3=Fred R. Shapiro }}</ref>
In May 2007, a Rule 34 database was launched on Paheal.net with a searchable archive of Rule 34 images,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rule34.paheal.net/|title=Rule 34|website=rule34.paheal.net|access-date=2019-11-18}}</ref> and similar sites began appearing soon after.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rule34.xxx/|title=Rule 34, if it exist there is porn of it.|website=rule34.xxx|access-date=2019-11-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rule-34.net/|title=Rule 34 - If it exists, there is porn of it. Serving 16,651,901 posts. We have comics, overwatch, pokemon, league of legends, and more!|website=rule-34.net|access-date=2019-11-18}}</ref> On August 20th that year, the webcomic ] published a comic titled “Rule 34”, which involved hypothetical sexual scenarios including homoerotic ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://xkcd.com/305/|title=Rule 34|website=xkcd|access-date=2019-11-18}}</ref>


As Rule 34 continued spreading throughout the Internet, some traditional media began reporting on it. A 2009 '']'' article listed Rule 34 as the third of the "Top 10" Internet rules and laws.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chivers |first=Tom |date=23 October 2009 |title=Internet rules and laws: the top 10, from Godwin to Poe |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/6408927/Internet-rules-and-laws-the-top-10-from-Godwin-to-Poe.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=2022-08-07 |website=] |archive-date=May 19, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519063836/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/6408927/Internet-rules-and-laws-the-top-10-from-Godwin-to-Poe.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A 2013 ] story said Rule 34 was "likely the most famous" Internet rule that has become part of mainstream culture.<ref name="Leopold">{{Cite web |last=Leopold |first=Todd |date=2013-02-15 |title=Meet the Rules of the Internet |url=https://www.cnn.com/2013/02/15/tech/internet-rules/index.html |access-date=2022-08-07 |website=] |language=en |archive-date=June 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210608083436/https://www.cnn.com/2013/02/15/tech/internet-rules/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On November 14, 2018, a ] nicknamed "Drypiss" celebrated his 18th birthday by posting a video to ] in which he looked up Rule 34 pictures; afterwards, the video and its responses were covered by '']''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Valens |first=Ana |date=November 9, 2019 |title=18-Year-Old Twitch Streamer Celebrates Finally Looking At Internet Porn |url=https://www.dailydot.com/unclick/streamer-porn-twitter-viral/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109105443/https://www.dailydot.com/unclick/streamer-porn-twitter-viral/ |archive-date=November 9, 2019 |access-date=November 18, 2019 |website=]}}</ref>
In 2008, users of the ] ] posted numerous sexually explicit parodies and cartoons illustrating Rule 34. In the special argot of 4chan request forums, "porn" is called ''rule 34'', '']''.<ref>], '''', Hachette, 2012, p. 33.</ref> One dictionary of neologisms claims that Rule 34 "began appearing on Internet postings in 2008."<ref>Charles Clay Doyle, Wolfgang Mieder, and Fred R. Shapiro, eds. '' The Dictionary of Modern Proverbs'', Yale University Press, 2012, p. 204.</ref> In 2007, a ] page for the rule was created.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029134225/https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/RuleThirtyFour|title=Rule 34 - TV Tropes|date=2019-10-29|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2019-11-18}}</ref>


] has parodied events such as the ],<ref>{{citation |title= The Political Erotica of 2016 |first= Talia |last= Lavin |magazine= ] |date= July 21, 2016 |url= https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/the-political-erotica-of-2016 |access-date= 2021-01-18 |archive-date= December 3, 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211203053514/https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/the-political-erotica-of-2016 |url-status= live }}</ref> the ],<ref>{{citation |title= Yes, there's already erotic fanfic about the ship that got stuck in the Suez Canal: Rule 34 is alive and well |first= Siobhan |last= Ball |work= ] |date= March 29, 2021 |url= https://www.dailydot.com/unclick/suez-canal-ship-ever-given-fanfic/ |access-date= 2021-01-18 |archive-date= January 18, 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220118183850/https://www.dailydot.com/unclick/suez-canal-ship-ever-given-fanfic/ |url-status= live }}</ref> and ].<ref>{{citation |title= Oh, Good, Now There Is Brexit Erotica |first= Mark |last= Hay |date= June 27, 2016 |work= ] |url= https://www.vice.com/en/article/vdqm4b/brexit-erotica-political-smut-pounded-by-the-pound-vgtrn |access-date= 2021-01-18 |archive-date= January 18, 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220118182835/https://www.vice.com/en/article/vdqm4b/brexit-erotica-political-smut-pounded-by-the-pound-vgtrn |url-status= live }}</ref>
As Rule 34 continued spreading on the Internet, traditional media began reporting on it. A 2009 '']'' article listed Rule 34 as third of the "Top 10" Internet rules and laws.<ref>], , ''The Daily Telegraph'', 23 October 2009.</ref> A 2013 ] story said Rule 34 was "likely the most famous" Internet rule that has become part of mainstream culture.<ref>Todd Leopold, , CNN, 15 February 2013.</ref> On November 14th, 2018, a ] celebrated turning eighteen by posting a video to Twitter in which he looked up Rule 34 pictures. The popular video and its responses were covered by ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109105443/https://www.dailydot.com/unclick/streamer-porn-twitter-viral/|title=18-Year-Old Twitch Streamer Celebrates Finally Looking At Internet Porn|date=2019-11-09|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2019-11-18}}</ref>


== Analysis ==
According to researchers ] and Sai Gaddam, "Today, Rule 34 thrives as sacred lore on blogs, YouTube videos, Twitter feeds and social networking sites. It's frequently used as a verb, as in 'I Rule 34'ed ] and ] on the ]'." They propose the reason why the maxim resonated with so many people is because it "certainly seems true" for "anybody who has spent time surfing the Web."<ref name="auto">Ogi and Gaddam, 2011.</ref>
According to researchers ] and Sai Gaddam, the maxim resonated with so many people because of its apparent truth to anyone who has browsed the Internet.<ref name="OgasGaddam2011" /> Ogas said that following the 2009–2010 study, the consolidation of the porn industry onto large market share ]s has reduced the visibility of the niche market videos. The sites favor mainstream content directly by steering users towards it and indirectly by disadvantaging small producers who cannot afford strong ] measures, bringing into doubt the ability of the rule being able to keep up with market.<ref name=":2" />


] concludes, "Rule 34 can be thought of as a kind of indictment of the Web as a cesspit of freaks, geeks, and weirdos, but seen through the lens of cosmopolitanism," which "bespeaks a certain sophistication—a gourmet approach to life."<ref name="Doctorow2011">{{cite book|author=Cory Doctorow|title=Context|url=https://archive.org/details/context0000doct|url-access=registration|date=1 October 2011|publisher=Tachyon Publications|isbn=978-1-61696-078-0|pages=–}}</ref> ] concludes, "Rule 34 can be thought of as a kind of indictment of the Web as a cesspit of freaks, geeks, and weirdos, but seen through the lens of cosmopolitanism, bespeaks a certain sophistication—a gourmet approach to life."<ref name="Doctorow2011">{{cite book| author=Cory Doctorow| title=Context| url=https://archive.org/details/context0000doct| url-access=registration |date=October 1, 2011| publisher=Tachyon Publications| isbn=978-1-61696-078-0| pages=–}}</ref>


John Paul Stadler concluded that Rule 34 reflects the codification of ]s into social identity structures.<ref>{{Cite journal| last=Stadler| first=John Paul| date=2018-10-12| title=The Queer Heart of Porn Studies| url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/705280| journal=Journal of Cinema and Media Studies| language=en| volume=58| issue=1| pages=174| doi=10.1353/cj.2018.0079| s2cid=194935601| issn=2578-4919| access-date=February 11, 2021| archive-date=June 21, 2022| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621013329/https://muse.jhu.edu/article/705280| url-status=live}}</ref>
==Variations==

== Variations ==
The original rule was rephrased and reiterated as it went ] on the Web. Some common permutations omit the original "No exceptions." The original rule was rephrased and reiterated as it went ] on the Web. Some common permutations omit the original "No exceptions."

* "Rule 34: There is porn of it."<ref>Doyle et al., 2012.</ref> * "Rule 34: There is porn of it."<ref name=":0" />
* "Rule 34: If it exists, there is porn of it."<ref name="Leopold"/> * "Rule 34: If it exists, there is porn of it."<ref name="Leopold"/>
* "Rule 34: If it exists, there is Internet porn of it."<ref name="Leopold">Leopold, 2013.</ref> * "Rule 34: If it exists, or can be imagined, there is Internet porn of it."<ref name=":2"/>
* "Rule 34: If you can imagine it, it exists as Internet porn."<ref name="auto"/> * "Rule 34: If you can imagine it, it exists as Internet porn."<ref name="OgasGaddam2011" />
* “Rule 34(r): If it exists, there is a ] devoted to it.”<ref name="OgasGaddam2011" />
==Corollaries==
The conundrum of finding an Internet pornographic exception to Rule 34's "No exceptions" led to the Rule 35 ]. On 12 October 2006, an early "Rules of the Internet" list, posted to the ] wiki ], included:{{cn|date=November 2017}}
* "Rule 34: There is porn of it, no exceptions."
* "Rule 35: If no porn is found at the moment, it will be made."


== Corollaries ==
Another expression of these rules is:
* "Rule 35: If there is no porn, it will be made."<ref name="Paasonen2011">{{cite book| last=Paasonen| first=Susanna| author-link=Susanna Paasonen| title=Carnal Resonance: Affect and Online Pornography| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2wqbC17l5iUC&pg=PA1| year=2011| publisher=]| isbn=978-0-262-01631-5| page=1| access-date=December 27, 2020| archive-date=March 22, 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322060715/https://books.google.com/books?id=2wqbC17l5iUC&pg=PA1| url-status=live}}</ref>
* "Rule 34: If it exists there is porn of it. No exceptions."
* "Rule 36: There will always be more fucked up shit than what you just saw."<ref name="Paasonen2011" />
* "Rule 35: The exception to Rule 34 is the citation of Rule 34."<ref name=":0"> {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20130616022922/http://dis.4chan.org/read/lounge/1171597138/1-40 |date=2013-06-16 }}, 4chan archive, 15 February 2007.</ref>
* "]: For every given male ], there is a female version of that character and vice versa."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rule 63 Meaning & Origin {{!}} Slang by Dictionary.com |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/slang/rule-63/ |access-date=2022-05-06 |website=Dictionary.com |language=en-US |archive-date=May 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220506001950/https://www.dictionary.com/e/slang/rule-63/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
Thus, "The rules suggest that if you can think of a pornographic scenario, theme, or style—no matter how esoteric or unlikely it may seem—then such porn will already have been made, and it will be available online. If this is not the case, then it is only a matter of time before such porn is made."<ref>{{citation | last = Paasonen | first = Susanna | author-link = Susanna Paasonen | contribution = Introduction: carnal appeal | editor-last = Paasonen | editor-first = Susanna | editor-link = Susanna Paasonen | title = Carnal resonance affect and online pornography | page = 1 | publisher = MIT Press | location = Cambridge, Massachusetts | year = 2011 | isbn = 9780262016315 | ref = harv | postscript = .}}</ref>


==See also== == See also ==
{{Portal|Internet}} {{Portal|Internet|Erotica and pornography}}
* ] * {{Annotated link|Cartoon pornography}}
* ] – A slang term for pornography based on the animated children's television series '']''
* ] * ]
* ]
* ] * ]
* {{Annotated link|Not safe for work|aka=NSFW}}
* ]
* ] – A notable case of pornography inspired by the video game '']''
*]
* ] – Another notable case of pornography inspired by the '']'' media franchise

* {{Annotated link|Pornographic parody film}}
==References==
* '']'' – A novel by ] referencing this rule
{{Reflist|30em}}
* '']'' – A film by Julia Murat referencing this rule
* ] – Another internet meme that claims every character has a ] version
* ] – Slang term used in the ]


==External links== == References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Wiktionary|Rule 34}}
* 1000 Rules
* , Urban Dictionary


== External links ==
* {{Wiktionary inline|Rule 34}}


{{internet slang}}
{{Pornography}} {{Pornography}}
{{Internet slang}}


]
]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
]

Latest revision as of 02:25, 2 January 2025

Internet slang regarding pornography For other uses, see Rule 34 (disambiguation).

Rule 34 is an internet meme which claims that some form of pornography exists concerning every possible topic. The concept is commonly depicted as fan art of normally non-erotic subjects engaging in sexual activity. It can also include writings, animations, images, GIFs and any other form of media to which the internet provides opportunities for proliferation and redistribution.

History

The phrase Rule 34 was coined from an August 13, 2003, webcomic captioned, "Rule #34 There is porn of it. No exceptions." The comic was drawn by TangoStari (Peter Morley-Souter) to depict his shock at seeing Calvin and Hobbes parody porn. Although the comic faded into obscurity, the caption instantly became popular on the Internet. Since then, the phrase has been adapted into different syntactic versions and has even been used as a verb. A list of "rules of the Internet", created on the website 4chan, includes Rule 34 within a list of similar tongue-in-cheek maxims, such as Rule 63.

In 2008, users on 4chan posted numerous sexually explicit parodies and cartoons illustrating Rule 34; in 4chan slang, pornography may be referred to as "rule 34" or "pr0nz". The Dictionary of Modern Proverbs claims that Rule 34 "began appearing on Internet postings in 2008".

As Rule 34 continued spreading throughout the Internet, some traditional media began reporting on it. A 2009 Daily Telegraph article listed Rule 34 as the third of the "Top 10" Internet rules and laws. A 2013 CNN story said Rule 34 was "likely the most famous" Internet rule that has become part of mainstream culture. On November 14, 2018, a Twitch streamer nicknamed "Drypiss" celebrated his 18th birthday by posting a video to Twitter in which he looked up Rule 34 pictures; afterwards, the video and its responses were covered by The Daily Dot.

Fan fiction has parodied events such as the 2016 United States presidential election, the 2021 Suez Canal obstruction, and Brexit.

Analysis

According to researchers Ogi Ogas and Sai Gaddam, the maxim resonated with so many people because of its apparent truth to anyone who has browsed the Internet. Ogas said that following the 2009–2010 study, the consolidation of the porn industry onto large market share video aggregators has reduced the visibility of the niche market videos. The sites favor mainstream content directly by steering users towards it and indirectly by disadvantaging small producers who cannot afford strong anti-piracy measures, bringing into doubt the ability of the rule being able to keep up with market.

Cory Doctorow concludes, "Rule 34 can be thought of as a kind of indictment of the Web as a cesspit of freaks, geeks, and weirdos, but seen through the lens of cosmopolitanism, bespeaks a certain sophistication—a gourmet approach to life."

John Paul Stadler concluded that Rule 34 reflects the codification of paraphilias into social identity structures.

Variations

The original rule was rephrased and reiterated as it went viral on the Web. Some common permutations omit the original "No exceptions."

  • "Rule 34: There is porn of it."
  • "Rule 34: If it exists, there is porn of it."
  • "Rule 34: If it exists, or can be imagined, there is Internet porn of it."
  • "Rule 34: If you can imagine it, it exists as Internet porn."
  • “Rule 34(r): If it exists, there is a subreddit devoted to it.”

Corollaries

  • "Rule 35: If there is no porn, it will be made."
  • "Rule 36: There will always be more fucked up shit than what you just saw."
  • "Rule 63: For every given male character, there is a female version of that character and vice versa."

See also

References

  1. ^ Dewey, Caitlin (April 6, 2016). "Is Rule 34 actually true?: An investigation into the Internet's most risqué law". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C.: Nash Holdings. Archived from the original on May 29, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2018.
  2. ^ Ogas, Ogi; Gaddam, Sai (2011). A Billion Wicked Thoughts: What the Internet Tells Us About Sexual Relationships. New York City: Penguin Books. ISBN 9781101514986. Archived from the original on March 22, 2023. Retrieved December 22, 2015
  3. Ogas, Ogi (2013). "A billion wicked thoughts: What the internet reveals about sexual desire". PsycEXTRA Dataset. doi:10.1037/e638152013-018. Archived from the original on March 22, 2023. Retrieved December 26, 2020.
  4. ^ Leopold, Todd (February 15, 2013). "Meet the Rules of the Internet". CNN. Archived from the original on June 8, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2022.
  5. Olson, Parmy (June 5, 2012). We Are Anonymous: Inside the Hacker World of LulzSec, Anonymous, and the Global Cyber Insurgency. Little, Brown. ISBN 978-0-316-21353-0. Archived from the original on March 22, 2023. Retrieved December 22, 2015.
  6. ^ Doyle, Charles Clay; Mieder, Wolfgang; Shapiro, Fred Richard (December 31, 2017). The Dictionary of Modern Proverbs. Yale University Press. doi:10.12987/9780300183351. ISBN 978-0-300-18335-1. JSTOR j.ctt1nq6jk. OCLC 794004254.
  7. Chivers, Tom (October 23, 2009). "Internet rules and laws: the top 10, from Godwin to Poe". telegraph.co.uk. Archived from the original on May 19, 2017. Retrieved August 7, 2022.
  8. Valens, Ana (November 9, 2019). "18-Year-Old Twitch Streamer Celebrates Finally Looking At Internet Porn". The Daily Dot. Archived from the original on November 9, 2019. Retrieved November 18, 2019.
  9. Lavin, Talia (July 21, 2016), "The Political Erotica of 2016", The New Yorker, archived from the original on December 3, 2021, retrieved January 18, 2021
  10. Ball, Siobhan (March 29, 2021), "Yes, there's already erotic fanfic about the ship that got stuck in the Suez Canal: Rule 34 is alive and well", The Daily Dot, archived from the original on January 18, 2022, retrieved January 18, 2021
  11. Hay, Mark (June 27, 2016), "Oh, Good, Now There Is Brexit Erotica", Vice, archived from the original on January 18, 2022, retrieved January 18, 2021
  12. Cory Doctorow (October 1, 2011). Context. Tachyon Publications. pp. 70–. ISBN 978-1-61696-078-0.
  13. Stadler, John Paul (October 12, 2018). "The Queer Heart of Porn Studies". Journal of Cinema and Media Studies. 58 (1): 174. doi:10.1353/cj.2018.0079. ISSN 2578-4919. S2CID 194935601. Archived from the original on June 21, 2022. Retrieved February 11, 2021.
  14. ^ Paasonen, Susanna (2011). Carnal Resonance: Affect and Online Pornography. MIT Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-262-01631-5. Archived from the original on March 22, 2023. Retrieved December 27, 2020.
  15. "Rule 63 Meaning & Origin | Slang by Dictionary.com". Dictionary.com. Archived from the original on May 6, 2022. Retrieved May 6, 2022.

External links

  • The dictionary definition of Rule 34 at Wiktionary
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