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{{Expand Croatian|Karaševski Hrvatska|date=April 2015}}
{{Ethnic group|
{{Infobox ethnic group|
|group=Krashovani |group=Krashovani
<!--|image=[[Image:--> <!--|image=[[Image:-->
|population=5,000{{cn|date=October 2021}}
|poptime=5,000 approx. (most declare themselves as ], with some as Krashovani)
|popplace=] (]) |popplace={{flagcountry|Romania}} (])
|langs=] (traditionally); ] (declared in census) |langs=] and ]
|rels=Predominantly ] |rels=Predominantly ]
|related=other ], especially ] |related=], ]
}} }}
{{Croats}}
⚫ ]
The '''Krashovani''' ({{langx|ro|Carașoveni}}, {{langx|hr|Krašovani}}) are a ] community inhabiting ] and ] in the ] within ]n ]. They are Catholic by faith and speak a ].


==Names==
The '''Krashovani''' (] and ]: ''Krašovani'', ''Крашовани'', ''Karašovani'' or ''Krašovanje'', ''Karaševci'' and ''Koroševci''; ]: ''Caraşoveni'', ''Cârşoveni'', ''Cotcoreţi'' or ''Cocoşi''; also known as ''Krashovans'') are a ] people indigenous to ] and other nearby locations in ] within the ]n ].
{{Unreferenced section|date=June 2023}}
In Romanian, they are commonly known as ''Carașoveni''; other variants include ''Carșoveni'', ''Cârșoveni'', ''Cotcoreți'' or ''Cocoși''. In Croatian, they are commonly known as ''Krašovani''; other variants include ''Karašovani'', ''Krašovanje'', ''Karaševci'' and ''Koroševci''.


==Settlements==
It is estimated that there are around 5,000 Krashovani in Romania, with only some 200 opting for the nationality itself, the remainder choosing ] ethnicity.
⚫ Krashovani, declared as Croats, form a majority in two ] of Caraș-Severin County: ] and ].


*Carașova commune
==Geography==
**Carașova (Karaševo)
**Nermed (Neremić)
**Iabalcea (Jabalče)
*Lupac commune
**Clocotici (Klokotič)
**Rafnic (Ravnik)
**Vodnic (Vodnik)
**Lupac (Lupak)


==Identity==
⚫ Krashovani form a majority in two ] of Caraş-Severin County: ] and ].
The Krashovani are adhere to the Catholic Church and identify their language as ].<ref>{{cite book|title=Гласник Етнографског института|volume=42-43|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WxOAAAAAMAAJ|year=1993|publisher=Научно дело|page=11}}</ref> Their dialect is regarded a sub-dialect of the ],<ref>{{cite book|author=Dalibor Brozović|title=Hrvatska enciklopedija: O-Pre|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ewUTAQAAMAAJ|year=1999|publisher=Leksikografski zavod "Miroslav Krleža"|isbn=978-953-6036-29-5|page=675}}</ref> a transitional dialect spoken in southeastern Serbia, westernmost Bulgaria and northeastern Macedonia.


According to the 2002 census in Romania, the population of Caraşova commune comprises 84.60% Croats, 4.96% others (presumably Krashovan), 4.47% ], 4.41% ], etc. The population of Lupac commune comprises 93.38% Croats, 5.32% Romanians, etc. The 79.75% of population of Caraşova municipality and 93.45% of population of Lupac municipality declared to speak Croatian as mother tongue in 2002 census. According to the 2002 census in Romania, the population of the Carașova commune comprised 84.60% Croats, 4.96% others, 4.47% ], 4.41% ] and others.<ref name=edrc>{{cite web|title=Structura etno-demografică pe arii geografice: Carașova|publisher=Ethnocultural Diversity Resource Center|url=http://www.edrc.ro/recensamant.jsp?regiune_id=1832&judet_id=1909&localitate_id=1930}}</ref> 93.12% of the population in that commune declared their mother tongue as ].<ref name=edrc/> Only 207 persons declared Krashovani ethnicity in the 2002 census.<ref>{{in lang|ro}} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080325223653/http://www.recensamant.ro/pagini/rezultate.html%23 |date=March 25, 2008 }}; retrieved November 10, 2007</ref>


==History==
==Origin and history==
Their ancestors first settled Carașova in the 13th and 14th centuries from northwestern ].<ref name="RotarTeodorescu2014">{{cite book|author1=Marius Rotar|author2=Adriana Teodorescu|author3=Corina Rotar|title=Dying and Death in 18th-21st Century Europe: Volume 2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bmwxBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA19|date=17 March 2014|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|isbn=978-1-4438-5746-8|pages=19–}}</ref> They formed a community in the northern plateau of the Caraș river, in seven villages, the oldest, Carașova, being mentioned in the 13th and 14th centuries while the rest are first mentioned in the 17th century.<ref name="RotarTeodorescu2014"/>
⚫ ]
Original Slavic settlements had existed in these regions before the Krashovan migration. Krashovani themselves are mostly descendants of the ] inhabitants of eastern ], namely the region around the ].


Serbian ethnographer ] concluded that the community was "very old settlers with origin in Crna Reka who were Catholicised"; Stanko Žuljić claims that their origin is in ], in Croatia.<ref>{{cite book|author=Stanko Žuljić|title=Srpski etnos i velikosrpstvo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1XFpAAAAMAAJ|year=1997|publisher=AGM|pages=110, 274|isbn=9789531740838}}</ref>
Some of the Krashovani originate from ] region of present-day ] (they are being referred as ''Turopoljci''). Because of the long-time influence of other Krashovani, who speak the ], the original (]) dialect of this group also became Torlakian. Other groups are supposedly Croats from the ] province of '']''.


The Krashovani were also considered ] by some (mainly Bulgarian) scientists from the first half of the 20th century (such as G. Cibrus, M. Mladenov, K. Telbizov, and T. Balkanski). However, these claims are based on the fact that these and some other Bulgarian scientists consider the entire Torlakian-speaking Slavic population ethnically Bulgarian, just as Serbian scientists consider it ethnically Serbian. The question of whether the Torlakian dialect belongs to the eastern or western branches of ] is also disputed, and it is often classified as a transitional dialect between the two. The Carașoveni were considered ] by some Bulgarian scientists in the first half of the 20th century (such as G. Cibrus, M. Mladenov, K. Telbizov, and T. Balkanski), partially based on their view that Torlakian-speakers are ethnically Bulgarians.{{cn|date=October 2021}}


⚫ According to the ] population census there were over 10,000 Carașoveni in Banat. In the 1847 census over 10,000 people declared as Carașoveni. In 1896 the ] census around 7,500 Carașoveni were listed. The same was stated by the authorities of the ] in 1940. Their number dropped to 2,775 in 1992.<ref>''Spațiul istoric și etnic românesc'', Vol.I, ], Bucharest, 1992</ref>
Krashovani migration to Banat can be traced to the ], when fleeing the ] onslaught, they moved there from Timok region (in that time ruled by ]). The Catholic supremacy inside the ] (to which the Banat region belonged at the time) may account for their distinctiveness from the rest of the Torlakian-speaking population in present-day eastern Serbia.


The ] ({{langx|hr|Zajedništvo Hrvata u Rumunjskoj}}, ZHR; {{langx|ro|Uniunea Croaților din România}}, UCR) is an ] in ] representing the ].
⚫ According to the ] population census there were over 10,000 Krashovans in the Romanian Banat. In 1896 the ] census listed around 7,500 Krashovans; the same was stated by the authorities of the ] in 1940. Their number dropped to 6,500 in 1992 according to the census of the government of Romania.

Ever since the ], the government of Romania has awarded special minority status and privileges to its ethnic ] citizens. The ] (''Uniunea Democratică a Sârbilor si Caraşovenilor din România'') was founded in 1989.

==Language and religion==
], with the Caraşova area inhabited by Krashovani marked]]
Their dialect is an archaic speech elsewhere preserved only in the area of eastern and southern Serbia and in the ] and Bulgaria, the ] of the Timok valley around ].

However, their religion has more recently set them apart from ] Serbs in the Banat, despite the common language and a long history of solidarity (partly continued to this day through joint Serb-Krashovan organizations).


==See also== ==See also==
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*] *]

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==References==
⚫ *]
{{reflist}}
*]
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⚫ *]


== External links == == External links ==
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{{Ethnic groups of Romania}} {{Ethnic groups in Romania}}
{{Croatian diaspora}}
{{Slavic ethnic groups}}
{{Bulgarian diaspora}}


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Ethnic group
Krashovani
Total population
5,000
Regions with significant populations
 Romania (Caraș-Severin County)
Languages
Croatian and Romanian
Religion
Predominantly Catholic
Related ethnic groups
Croats of Romania, Serbs of Romania
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Krashovani-inhabited areas within the Caraș-Severin County (light green).

The Krashovani (Romanian: Carașoveni, Croatian: Krašovani) are a Croat community inhabiting Carașova and Lupac in the Caraș-Severin County within Romanian Banat. They are Catholic by faith and speak a Torlakian dialect.

Names

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In Romanian, they are commonly known as Carașoveni; other variants include Carșoveni, Cârșoveni, Cotcoreți or Cocoși. In Croatian, they are commonly known as Krašovani; other variants include Karašovani, Krašovanje, Karaševci and Koroševci.

Settlements

Krashovani, declared as Croats, form a majority in two communes of Caraș-Severin County: Carașova and Lupac.

  • Carașova commune
    • Carașova (Karaševo)
    • Nermed (Neremić)
    • Iabalcea (Jabalče)
  • Lupac commune
    • Clocotici (Klokotič)
    • Rafnic (Ravnik)
    • Vodnic (Vodnik)
    • Lupac (Lupak)

Identity

The Krashovani are adhere to the Catholic Church and identify their language as Croatian. Their dialect is regarded a sub-dialect of the Torlak dialect, a transitional dialect spoken in southeastern Serbia, westernmost Bulgaria and northeastern Macedonia.

According to the 2002 census in Romania, the population of the Carașova commune comprised 84.60% Croats, 4.96% others, 4.47% Roma, 4.41% Romanians and others. 93.12% of the population in that commune declared their mother tongue as Croatian. Only 207 persons declared Krashovani ethnicity in the 2002 census.

History

Their ancestors first settled Carașova in the 13th and 14th centuries from northwestern Bosnia. They formed a community in the northern plateau of the Caraș river, in seven villages, the oldest, Carașova, being mentioned in the 13th and 14th centuries while the rest are first mentioned in the 17th century.

Serbian ethnographer Jovan Cvijić concluded that the community was "very old settlers with origin in Crna Reka who were Catholicised"; Stanko Žuljić claims that their origin is in Turopolje, in Croatia.

The Carașoveni were considered Bulgarians by some Bulgarian scientists in the first half of the 20th century (such as G. Cibrus, M. Mladenov, K. Telbizov, and T. Balkanski), partially based on their view that Torlakian-speakers are ethnically Bulgarians.

According to the Austrian population census there were over 10,000 Carașoveni in Banat. In the 1847 census over 10,000 people declared as Carașoveni. In 1896 the Austro-Hungarian census around 7,500 Carașoveni were listed. The same was stated by the authorities of the Kingdom of Romania in 1940. Their number dropped to 2,775 in 1992.

The Union of Croats of Romania (Croatian: Zajedništvo Hrvata u Rumunjskoj, ZHR; Romanian: Uniunea Croaților din România, UCR) is an ethnic minority political party in Romania representing the Croatian community.

See also

References

  1. Гласник Етнографског института. Vol. 42–43. Научно дело. 1993. p. 11.
  2. Dalibor Brozović (1999). Hrvatska enciklopedija: O-Pre. Leksikografski zavod "Miroslav Krleža". p. 675. ISBN 978-953-6036-29-5.
  3. ^ "Structura etno-demografică pe arii geografice: Carașova". Ethnocultural Diversity Resource Center.
  4. (in Romanian) Recensământ 2002. Rezultate: Populaţia după etnie la recensământul din 2002 Archived March 25, 2008, at the Wayback Machine; retrieved November 10, 2007
  5. ^ Marius Rotar; Adriana Teodorescu; Corina Rotar (17 March 2014). Dying and Death in 18th-21st Century Europe: Volume 2. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 19–. ISBN 978-1-4438-5746-8.
  6. Stanko Žuljić (1997). Srpski etnos i velikosrpstvo. AGM. pp. 110, 274. ISBN 9789531740838.
  7. Spațiul istoric și etnic românesc, Vol.I, Editura Militară, Bucharest, 1992

External links

Ethnic groups in Romania
Dominant groupRomanians (16,792,868)
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