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#REDIRECT ] |
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{{mergeto|anti-LGBT rhetoric|date=August 2020}} |
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'''Gay Mafia''',{{efn|Also '''Velvet''' or '''Lavender Mafia'''}} '''Gaystapo''', and '''Homintern''' are pejorative terms for the influence of ] groups and the ] community in politics, media, culture, religion, and everyday life, along with the promotion of a perceived "]".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/outward/2014/04/08/gay_mafia_why_are_conservatives_afraid_of_lgbtq_activists.html|title=Gay mafia: Why are conservatives afraid of LGBTQ activists?|work=Slate Magazine|accessdate=29 December 2014|author=J. Bryan Lowder}}</ref> |
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{{Rcat shell| |
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==Usage== |
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{{R non-neutral}} |
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{{R to anchor}} |
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===Homintern=== |
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In 1937 the English gay classics scholar Sir ] referred to himself as part of the "Homintern".<ref>"Bowra, Sir (Cecil) Maurice (1898–1971)" by L. G. Mitchell, </ref> However, there are competing claims about who coined the term – including ], ] and ]. Auden used the term in the "Parisian Review" in 1950. A takeoff on ] (Communist International), it was meant to convey the idea of a global homosexual community.{{efn|{{cquote| "The new literary fashion then in the ascendant, dominated by what Jocelyn Brooke (himself homosexual, but detached from 'committed' writing) used to call The Homintern, was unsympathetic to me; at the same time the fourth novel on which I was now at work – to have the title ''Agents and Patients'' – did not entirely satisfy my own standards in breaking fresh ground."- ] (1981)<ref name="powell">Anthony Powell, ''Faces in My Time'', Vol. 3 of ''To Keep the Ball Rolling: Memoirs'' by Anthony Powell), Holt, Rinehart and Winston 1981, {{ISBN|9780030210013}}, no page<br/>Anthony Powell: ''To Keep the Ball Rolling: The Memoirs of Anthony Powell'' (new edition, abridged), University of Chicago Press, 2001, {{ISBN|9780226677217}}, p. 221</ref>}}}}{{efn|{{cquote|"The word 'Homintern', which I coined in 1939, is attributed to ], who used it in an article in the ] about 1941, and has passed into the language. A takeoff on ] (Communist International), it was meant to convey the idea of a global homosexual community." –] (1989; correction: Auden's first articles in ''Parisian Review'' was in 1950)<ref name="nose">Harold Norse: ''Memoirs of a Bastard Angel'', W. Morrow, 1989, {{ISBN|9780688067045}}, p. 77</ref>}}}}{{efn|{{cquote|"A Playboy of the Western World: St. Oscar, the Homintern Martyr" – Title of a review by W. H. Auden of ''The Paradox of Oscar Wilde'' by George Woodcock, in ''Partisan Review'', April 1950.}}}}{{efn|{{cquote|"] suggested that his friend ] invented the term that Harold Nurse tells us Auden stole from him. Whoever invented it provided us with a splendid word to explain the social and cultural power of homosexuality." –Patrick Higgins (1993)<ref>''A Queer Reader'', ed. Patrick Higgins, Fourth Estate (UK), 1993, p. 315</ref>}}}} |
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"Homintern" was also used by American Senator ] during the ] scare in the 1950s, who used it to claim that the administrations of ] and ] were set on destroying America from within.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Blumenthal|first1=Max|title=Republican Gomorrah: Inside the Movement that Shattered the Party|date=13 July 2010|publisher=Nation Books|isbn=9781568584171|page=205|edition=reprint|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Oa-TsVnbYUIC&pg=PA205|accessdate=9 March 2015}}</ref> Attempts were made to link ] and homosexuality, with "homintern" a play on the word "]" (the short name of the Communist International). But the word was also used ironically by those in favor of gay rights.<ref name=RVOURTA0G/><ref name=spectator></ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Woods |first1=Gregory |title=Homintern: How Gay Culture Liberated the Modern World |date=2016 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-21956-2 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Homintern/rLAODAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=homintern |language=en}}</ref> |
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''Homintern'' also appeared in a number of mass-circulation magazine articles during the 1960s - such as '']'', which in 1966 published an article by ] about the Homintern. It was also frequently used in the ] magazine '']''. ] would warn of the machinations of the Homintern on his TV talk show '']'' – feeding the conservative belief that the Homintern deliberately manipulated culture to encourage homosexuality by promoting ] programs such as the popular 1960s TV series '']''. Such magazine articles were often illustrated with the color lavender and the Homintern was sometimes called "the lavender conspiracy". It was subsequently claimed that there was a secret worldwide network of gay ] owners, ballet directors, ]s, record label executives and photographers who, behind the scenes, determined who would become successful artists, dancers, actors, and models.<ref name=RVOURTA0G>{{cite news | author= | title= A review of "Gay Artists in Modern American Culture An Imagined Conspiracy" by Michael S. Sherry | url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2007/11/25/RVOURTA0G.DTL&type=printable | work=The San Francisco Chronicle | date=25 November 2007 | accessdate=23 January 2008}}</ref> |
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The historian ] has used the term ''hominterm discourse'' "for the untidy bundle of ideas and accusations about the gay creative presence".<ref name=mss>{{cite book | last=Sherry | first=Michael S. | title=Gay Artists in Modern American Culture: An Imagined Conspiracy | location=Chapel Hill | publisher=University of North Carolina Press | year=2007 | isbn=0-8078-3121-2 | url=https://archive.org/details/gayartistsinmode00sher }}</ref> |
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===Gaystapo=== |
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The term "Gaystapo" ({{lang-fr|link=no|Gestapette}}) was coined in France in the 1940s by political satirist ] for the ] education minister, ]. It was subsequently applied by ] leader ] to ], who he accused of being a bad influence on ].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Perreau |first1=Bruno |title=Queer Theory: The French Response |date=2016 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-1-5036-0046-1 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Queer_Theory/p9K1DQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Gaystapo&pg=PA118&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Tin |first1=Louis-Georges |title=The Dictionary of Homophobia: A Global History of Gay & Lesbian Experience |date=2008 |publisher=Arsenal |isbn=978-1-55152-314-9 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Dictionary_of_Homophobia/aK02DwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Gaystapo&pg=PT224&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref> |
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===Mafia=== |
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====Homosexual and Gay mafia==== |
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The English critic ] wrote to A.C. Spectorsky (editor of '']'') in 1967 proposing an article on the "Homosexual Mafia" in the arts.<ref>Kenneth Tynan Letters (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1994)</ref> Spectorsky declined, although he admitted that "culture hounds were paying homage to faggotismo as they have never done before" ''Playboy'' would subsequently run a panel on gay issues in April 1971. |
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"Gay Mafia" became more widely used in the US media in the 1980s and 1990s, such as the American daily The '']''. The term was also used by the British ] '']'' in 1998 in response to what it claimed was sinister dominance by gay men in the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/sun-rejects-outing-and-sacks-parris-sacks-parris-and-rejects-outing-1184294.html|title='Sun' rejects outing and sacks Parris sacks Parris and rejects outing|work=The Independent|accessdate=29 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/212737.stm|title=BBC News – UK – Sun changes mind over gays|publisher=News.bbc.co.uk|accessdate=29 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200910/cmhansrd/cm100407/halltext/100407h0001.htm|title=House of Commons Hansard Debates for 07 Apr 2010 (pt 0001)|publisher=Publications.parliament.uk|accessdate=29 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/11/11/news/11iht-brit.t_2.html|title=A 'Gay Mafia' in Whitehall? Sex Is Back in the Headlines in Britain|date=11 November 1998|publisher=Nytimes.com|accessdate=29 December 2014}}</ref> The term "gay mafia" may also have gained wider popular prominence after it was used in both a 1995'' ]'' article and subsequently a 2002 '']'' article, wherein ], in an interview,<ref>{{Cite news | last = Burrough | first = Bryan | title = Ovitz Agonistes | work = ] | date = August 2002 | url =http://www.vanityfair.com/politics/features/2002/08/ovitz200208 }}</ref> stated that a "gay mafia" was largely responsible for his company's failures.<ref>{{cite news |last=Lyman |first=Rick |title=Ovitz Bitterly Bares Soul, And Film Industry Reacts | work = ] |date=3 July 2002 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/03/arts/ovitz-bitterly-bares-soul-and-film-industry-reacts.html }}</ref> |
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Referring to criticism of ]'s chief executive ] who donated money to a ballot opposing gay marriage in 2014, the TV host ] argued "There is a gay mafia – if you cross them, you do get whacked."<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2014/04/04/bill_maher_there_is_a_gay_mafia_if_you_cross_them_you_do_get_whacked.html|title = Maher: "There Is A Gay Mafia – If You Cross Them, You Do Get Whacked"|date = 4 April 2014|accessdate = |website = RealClearPolitics|publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref> |
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====Lavender mafia==== |
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While the term "Lavender Mafia" has occasionally been used to refer to informal networks of gay executives in the US ],<ref name="Stefano">George De Stefano, , New York, 2005, Books.google.co.uk Retrieved 29 December 2014</ref> more generally it refers to Church politics. For example a faction within the ] of the ] that allegedly advocates the acceptance of ] within the Church and its teachings.<ref>Gould, Peter (28 November 2005). "Vatican fuels gay clergy debate". BBC News. Retrieved 8 August 2007.</ref> In 2013, ] spoke about a "gay lobby" within the ], and promised to see what could be done.<ref name="bbcrumours">{{cite news|title=Pope Francis 'confirms Vatican gay lobby and corruption' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-22869399 |accessdate=27 August 2013 |publisher=BBC News|date=12 June 2013}}</ref> In July 2013, Francis went on to draw a distinction between the problem of ] and the ] of people: "If a person is gay and seeks God and has good will, who am I to judge?" "The problem", he said, "is not having this orientation. We must be brothers. The problem is lobbying by this orientation, or lobbies of greedy people, political lobbies, ] lobbies, so many lobbies. This is the worse problem."<ref name=Davies>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/29/pope-francis-openness-gay-priests?CMP=twt_fd |author=Lizzie Davis |title=Pope Francis signals openness towards gay priests |work=The Guardian |date=29 July 2013}}</ref><ref name="BBC News">{{cite news|title=Pope Francis: Who am I to judge gay people?|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-23489702|accessdate=27 August 2013|publisher=BBC News|date=29 July 2013}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
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== Notes == |
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{{Notes|25em}} |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist|2}} |
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==Further reading== |
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*{{cite journal | last=Woods | first=Gregory | author2= | title=The 'Conspiracy' of the 'Homintern' | journal=The Gay & Lesbian Review Worldwide | volume= 10 | issue=3 | pages= | id= |date=May 2003 | url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb3491/is_3_10/ai_n28996905 | accessdate=28 March 2009}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}} |
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*Engel, Randy, The Rite of Sodomy: Homosexuality and the Roman Catholic Church, New Engel Publishing, Export-PA, 2006 {{ISBN|0-9778601-3-2}} |
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*{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Hogg |first1=Michael |title=Encyclopedia of Identity |date=2010 |publisher=SAGE Publications, Inc. |pages=857–859 |url=https://sk.sagepub.com/reference/identity/n292.xml |chapter=Velvet Mafia|doi=10.4135/9781412979306.n275}} |
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==External links== |
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*{{cite news|author=THOMAS MALLON|title=The Homintern|date=11 November 2007|work=] |
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|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/11/books/review/Mallon-t.html|accessdate=5 August 2008}}, by Thomas Mallon, book review of ''Gay Artists in Modern American Culture: An Imagined Conspiracy'', '']'', Sunday, 2007-11-11. Retrieved 2007-11-16. |
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*, by Lisa Montanarelli, book review of ''Gay Artists in Modern American Culture: An Imagined Conspiracy'', ''] Book Review'', Sunday, 2007-11-25. Retrieved 2007-11-26. |
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{{LGBT |culture=yes |rights=yes}} |
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{{Conspiracy theories}} |
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