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{{short description|Commune in Réunion, France}}
'''Cilaos''' is a ] of approximately 6000 residents, situated on the ] island of ] in the ]. It is located centrally on the ], on a ] of altitude 1214m. Réunion is the westernmost of the three ], and lies approximately 700km east of the coast of ].
{{Infobox French commune
|name = Cilaos
|commune status = ]
|image = Cilaos.JPG
|caption = Cilaos town, high in the Cirque.
|image coat of arms = Blason ville DomFr Cilaos (Réunion).svg
|map = Locator map of Cilaos 2018.png
|arrondissement = ]
|canton = Saint-Louis-2
|INSEE = 97424
|postal code = 97413
|mayor = Jacques Técher<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=2 December 2020|language=French}}</ref>
|term = 2020&ndash;2026
|intercommunality = ]
|coordinates = {{coord|-21.1353|55.4711|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|elevation m = 1,201
|elevation min m = 370
|elevation max m = 3,071
|area km2 = 84.40
|population = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
|population date = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
|population footnotes = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
}}


'''Cilaos''' ({{IPA|fr|silaɔs}}) is a ] and ] on the ] island of ] in the ]. It is located centrally on the ], in a ] of altitude 1,214 m. The caldera (usually known as the 'Cirque') is also named for the community.
==World Record==
From ], ] to ], ], 1,870mm (73 inches) of ] fell in Cilaos in 24 hours, the greatest amount of ] ever to fall in one day.


==History== ==History==
The name ''Cilaos'' comes from a the ] word, ''Tsilaosa'', which means ''the place one never leaves''. The name ''Cilaos'' comes from the ] word, ''Tsilaosa'' (modern form : ''tsy ilaozana''), which means ''the place one does not abandon''.<ref>Malagasy dictionary: + </ref>


According to some ], the word ''Cilaos'' finds its origins in the name of a Malagasian slave named ''Tsilaos'' who took refuge in this cirque. At the time, slaves were called "brown", whereas runaway ] were called "black-brown". According to some historians {{who|date=August 2012}}, the word ''Cilaos'' finds its origins in the name of a Malagasy slave named ''Tsilaos'' who took refuge in this cirque. At the time, slaves were called "brown", whereas runaway ] were called "black-brown".


The first inhabitants of the cirque of Cilaos were thus "black-browns" who believed themselves to be at the top of the world and completely safe. However, these first runaways were recaptured very quickly, tracked and hunted by well-orgainzied and well-armed slaveholders. In these runaways' attempts to escape recapture, several were killed. It seems likely that these first runaways created the goatpaths that climb most of the ] on Réunion. The first inhabitants of the cirque of Cilaos were thus "black-browns" who believed themselves to be at the top of the world and completely safe. However, these first runaways were recaptured very quickly, tracked and hunted by well-organized and well-armed slaveholders. In these runaways' attempts to escape recapture, several were killed. It seems likely that these first runaways created the goat paths that climb most of the mountains on Réunion.


After the death or recapture of these runaway slaves, the cirque of Cilaos became ] once again for a while, since the first records of its ] occur only around ]. In this year, a ] station was set up, and by ], there were 960 inhabitants there. By ], the population had risen to 2500. The census of ] recorded 5629 inhabitants in the cirque of Cilaos. After the death or recapture of these runaway slaves, the cirque of Cilaos likely became uninhabited once again for a while, since the first official record of its ] occurs only around 1850. In this year, a spa station was set up, and by 1866, there were 960 inhabitants. By 1900, the population had risen to 2500, and the 1982 census recorded 5629 inhabitants in the whole cirque.


From 7 to 8 January 1966, 1,825mm (72&nbsp;inches) of ] fell in Cilaos in 24 hours, the ] ever to fall in one day. <ref>Linsley, Kohler & Paulhus, ''World's Greatest Observed Point Rainfalls'', Table 3.1</ref>
When ] president ] visited Réunion, he and his wife had lunch with a Cilaosian peasant. They enjoyed world-fameous Cilaosian ], cooked in Cilaosian ].


The commune of Cilaos was created on 4 February 1965 when it seceded from the commune of ].
==Local specialities==
===Embroidery: The days of Cilaos===
The introduction of ] was due to the efforts of ], daughter of a doctor who worked at a hot-spring ] in the early ]. The techniques that she introduced have scarcely changed since, and the popularity of "Days of Cilaos" embroidery is due in a large part to this stability and tradition.


].]]
This local embroidery has been transmitted for over 100 years by local ] (such as ] and ]). In ], the "Sewing room of Cilaos" was created and Sister Anasthasie (]) was appointed as its leader. Sister Anasthasie would do her utmost to teach a hundred young girls her embroidery techniques, and she was recognized in ] when she received the gold medal "Best worker in France" competition in the lace and embroidery catagory. In the ], these embroidered works were generally sold out of the workers' homes or more frequently from roadside stands. Furthermore, an association for the promotion of Cilaosian lace was created in ] to protect and develop this important craft of the Cirque. In ], this association had 50 embroidery workers. Its president was Ms. ], Sister Anasthasie's assistant at the "Sewing-room of Cilaos".

==Population==
{{Historical populations
|source = INSEE<ref name=pophist>, INSEE</ref>
|percentages = pagr
|align = none
|1967 |5586
|1974 |5672
|1982 |5735
|1990 |5856
|1999 |6115
|2007 |5796
|2012 |5440
|2017 |5456
}}

==Embroidery==

The introduction of ] was due to the efforts of ], daughter of a doctor who worked at a hot-spring ] in the early 20th century. The techniques that she introduced have scarcely changed since, and the popularity of "Days of Cilaos" embroidery is due in a large part to this stability and tradition.

This local embroidery has been transmitted for over 100 years by local ] (such as ] and ]). In 1954, the "Sewing room of Cilaos" was created and Sister Anasthasie (]) was appointed as its leader. Sister Anasthasie would do her utmost to teach a hundred young girls her embroidery techniques, and she was recognized in 1983 when she received the gold medal "]" competition in the lace and embroidery category. In the 1980s, these embroidered works were generally sold out of the workers' homes or more frequently from roadside stands. Furthermore, an association for the promotion of Cilaosian lace was created in 1983 to protect and develop this important craft of the Cirque. In 1985, this association had 50 embroidery workers. Its president was Ms. ], Sister Anasthasie's assistant at the "Sewing-room of Cilaos".


Today, an embroidery house of the association lets a few workers learn and show tourists this delicate art. Today, an embroidery house of the association lets a few workers learn and show tourists this delicate art.


==Climate==
]

Cilaos has a ] (''Cwb''), with a mild to warm, very rainy wet season from December to April, and a drier, mild season the rest of the year.

{{Weather box
|location = Cilaos <small>(altitude 1197m, 1991–2020 averages, extremes 1969–present)</small>
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan record high C = 32.0
|Feb record high C = 30.5
|Mar record high C = 30.1
|Apr record high C = 28.5
|May record high C = 26.8
|Jun record high C = 26.6
|Jul record high C = 24.1
|Aug record high C = 25.6
|Sep record high C = 25.5
|Oct record high C = 28.9
|Nov record high C = 29.8
|Dec record high C = 30.1
|year record high C = 32.0
|Jan high C = 25.5
|Feb high C = 25.4
|Mar high C = 25.0
|Apr high C = 24.0
|May high C = 22.1
|Jun high C = 20.2
|Jul high C = 19.4
|Aug high C = 19.9
|Sep high C = 20.8
|Oct high C = 22.4
|Nov high C = 23.9
|Dec high C = 25.1
|year high C = 22.8
|Jan mean C = 20.4
|Feb mean C = 20.5
|Mar mean C = 19.9
|Apr mean C = 18.6
|May mean C = 16.4
|Jun mean C = 14.2
|Jul mean C = 13.4
|Aug mean C = 13.7
|Sep mean C = 14.5
|Oct mean C = 16.1
|Nov mean C = 17.7
|Dec mean C = 19.3
|year mean C = 17.1
|Jan low C = 15.3
|Feb low C = 15.6
|Mar low C = 14.8
|Apr low C = 13.1
|May low C = 10.6
|Jun low C = 8.2
|Jul low C = 7.4
|Aug low C = 7.4
|Sep low C = 8.2
|Oct low C = 9.8
|Nov low C = 11.5
|Dec low C = 13.6
|year low C = 11.3
|Jan record low C = 7.9
|Feb record low C = 7.8
|Mar record low C = 7.2
|Apr record low C = 5.4
|May record low C = 2.9
|Jun record low C = 1.2
|Jul record low C = 0.5
|Aug record low C = 0.1
|Sep record low C = 1.7
|Oct record low C = 3.0
|Nov record low C = 3.5
|Dec record low C = 6.5
|year record low C = 0.1
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 433.9
|Feb precipitation mm = 455.8
|Mar precipitation mm = 328.2
|Apr precipitation mm = 104.5
|May precipitation mm = 64.0
|Jun precipitation mm = 44.7
|Jul precipitation mm = 43.1
|Aug precipitation mm = 32.6
|Sep precipitation mm = 31.7
|Oct precipitation mm = 32.8
|Nov precipitation mm = 53.4
|Dec precipitation mm = 140.0
|year precipitation mm = 1764.7
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 13.2
|Feb precipitation days = 13.3
|Mar precipitation days = 11.1
|Apr precipitation days = 8.7
|May precipitation days = 6.5
|Jun precipitation days = 5.5
|Jul precipitation days = 5.5
|Aug precipitation days = 3.7
|Sep precipitation days = 4.0
|Oct precipitation days = 4.0
|Nov precipitation days = 5.4
|Dec precipitation days = 9.1
|year precipitation days = 90.1
|Jan sun = 165.2
|Feb sun = 134.6
|Mar sun = 168.2
|Apr sun = 163.8
|May sun = 178.9
|Jun sun = 176.6
|Jul sun = 187.7
|Aug sun = 201.1
|Sep sun = 195.0
|Oct sun = 189.2
|Nov sun = 189.3
|Dec sun = 162.5
|year sun = 2112.1
|source 1 = Meteo France<ref>{{cite web
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20191020031734/https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_97424410.pdf
| archivedate = 20 October 2019
| url = https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_97424410.pdf
| title = Cialos (974)
| work = Fiche Climatologique: Statistiques 1981–2010 et records
| publisher = Meteo France
| language = French
| accessdate = 19 October 2019
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
|source 2 = Meteociel.fr (sunshine 1981-2010)<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.meteociel.fr/obs/clim/normales_records.php?code=97424410&normes=2010&normes2=0
| title=Normales / Moyennes 1981-2010 / Cilaos (974)
| language = fr
| publisher = ]
| access-date = August 28, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mherrera.org/temp.htm |title= Extreme temperatures around the world|author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website= mherrera.org|publisher= |access-date=16 February 2024 |quote=}}</ref>}}

==See also==
*]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* '''Trail in Cilaos'''
**
**
** : la '''liste des gîtes et hébergements'''
**

{{Commons category}}

{{Réunion communes}}

{{Authority control}}


] ]
]

Latest revision as of 21:21, 11 July 2024

Commune in Réunion, France Commune in Réunion, France
Cilaos
Commune
Cilaos town, high in the Cirque.Cilaos town, high in the Cirque.
Coat of arms of CilaosCoat of arms
Location of Cilaos
Coordinates: 21°08′07″S 55°28′16″E / 21.1353°S 55.4711°E / -21.1353; 55.4711
CountryFrance
Overseas region and departmentRéunion
ArrondissementSaint-Pierre
CantonSaint-Louis-2
IntercommunalityVilles solidaires
Government
 • Mayor (2020–2026) Jacques Técher
Area84.40 km (32.59 sq mi)
Population5,215
 • Density62/km (160/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+04:00
INSEE/Postal code97424 /97413
Elevation370–3,071 m (1,214–10,075 ft)
(avg. 1,201 m or 3,940 ft)
French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Cilaos (French pronunciation: [silaɔs]) is a town and commune on the French island of Réunion in the Indian Ocean. It is located centrally on the island, in a caldera of altitude 1,214 m. The caldera (usually known as the 'Cirque') is also named for the community.

History

The name Cilaos comes from the Malagasy word, Tsilaosa (modern form : tsy ilaozana), which means the place one does not abandon.

According to some historians , the word Cilaos finds its origins in the name of a Malagasy slave named Tsilaos who took refuge in this cirque. At the time, slaves were called "brown", whereas runaway slaves were called "black-brown".

The first inhabitants of the cirque of Cilaos were thus "black-browns" who believed themselves to be at the top of the world and completely safe. However, these first runaways were recaptured very quickly, tracked and hunted by well-organized and well-armed slaveholders. In these runaways' attempts to escape recapture, several were killed. It seems likely that these first runaways created the goat paths that climb most of the mountains on Réunion.

After the death or recapture of these runaway slaves, the cirque of Cilaos likely became uninhabited once again for a while, since the first official record of its settlement occurs only around 1850. In this year, a spa station was set up, and by 1866, there were 960 inhabitants. By 1900, the population had risen to 2500, and the 1982 census recorded 5629 inhabitants in the whole cirque.

From 7 to 8 January 1966, 1,825mm (72 inches) of rain fell in Cilaos in 24 hours, the greatest amount of rain ever to fall in one day.

The commune of Cilaos was created on 4 February 1965 when it seceded from the commune of Saint-Louis.

The cirque as seen from the Piton des Neiges.

Population

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1967 5,586—    
1974 5,672+0.22%
1982 5,735+0.14%
1990 5,856+0.26%
1999 6,115+0.48%
2007 5,796−0.67%
2012 5,440−1.26%
2017 5,456+0.06%
Source: INSEE

Embroidery

The introduction of embroidery was due to the efforts of Angèle MacAuliffe, daughter of a doctor who worked at a hot-spring clinic in the early 20th century. The techniques that she introduced have scarcely changed since, and the popularity of "Days of Cilaos" embroidery is due in a large part to this stability and tradition.

This local embroidery has been transmitted for over 100 years by local nuns (such as Sister Cécile and Sister Irénée). In 1954, the "Sewing room of Cilaos" was created and Sister Anasthasie (Marie-Hélène Techer) was appointed as its leader. Sister Anasthasie would do her utmost to teach a hundred young girls her embroidery techniques, and she was recognized in 1983 when she received the gold medal "Best worker in France" competition in the lace and embroidery category. In the 1980s, these embroidered works were generally sold out of the workers' homes or more frequently from roadside stands. Furthermore, an association for the promotion of Cilaosian lace was created in 1983 to protect and develop this important craft of the Cirque. In 1985, this association had 50 embroidery workers. Its president was Ms. Suzanne Maillot, Sister Anasthasie's assistant at the "Sewing-room of Cilaos".

Today, an embroidery house of the association lets a few workers learn and show tourists this delicate art.

Climate

Cilaos has a subtropical highland climate (Cwb), with a mild to warm, very rainy wet season from December to April, and a drier, mild season the rest of the year.

Climate data for Cilaos (altitude 1197m, 1991–2020 averages, extremes 1969–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 32.0
(89.6) 		30.5
(86.9) 		30.1
(86.2) 		28.5
(83.3) 		26.8
(80.2) 		26.6
(79.9) 		24.1
(75.4) 		25.6
(78.1) 		25.5
(77.9) 		28.9
(84.0) 		29.8
(85.6) 		30.1
(86.2) 		32.0
(89.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 25.5
(77.9) 		25.4
(77.7) 		25.0
(77.0) 		24.0
(75.2) 		22.1
(71.8) 		20.2
(68.4) 		19.4
(66.9) 		19.9
(67.8) 		20.8
(69.4) 		22.4
(72.3) 		23.9
(75.0) 		25.1
(77.2) 		22.8
(73.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) 20.4
(68.7) 		20.5
(68.9) 		19.9
(67.8) 		18.6
(65.5) 		16.4
(61.5) 		14.2
(57.6) 		13.4
(56.1) 		13.7
(56.7) 		14.5
(58.1) 		16.1
(61.0) 		17.7
(63.9) 		19.3
(66.7) 		17.1
(62.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 15.3
(59.5) 		15.6
(60.1) 		14.8
(58.6) 		13.1
(55.6) 		10.6
(51.1) 		8.2
(46.8) 		7.4
(45.3) 		7.4
(45.3) 		8.2
(46.8) 		9.8
(49.6) 		11.5
(52.7) 		13.6
(56.5) 		11.3
(52.3)
Record low °C (°F) 7.9
(46.2) 		7.8
(46.0) 		7.2
(45.0) 		5.4
(41.7) 		2.9
(37.2) 		1.2
(34.2) 		0.5
(32.9) 		0.1
(32.2) 		1.7
(35.1) 		3.0
(37.4) 		3.5
(38.3) 		6.5
(43.7) 		0.1
(32.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 433.9
(17.08) 		455.8
(17.94) 		328.2
(12.92) 		104.5
(4.11) 		64.0
(2.52) 		44.7
(1.76) 		43.1
(1.70) 		32.6
(1.28) 		31.7
(1.25) 		32.8
(1.29) 		53.4
(2.10) 		140.0
(5.51) 		1,764.7
(69.48)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 13.2 13.3 11.1 8.7 6.5 5.5 5.5 3.7 4.0 4.0 5.4 9.1 90.1
Mean monthly sunshine hours 165.2 134.6 168.2 163.8 178.9 176.6 187.7 201.1 195.0 189.2 189.3 162.5 2,112.1
Source 1: Meteo France
Source 2: Meteociel.fr (sunshine 1981-2010)

See also

References

  1. "Répertoire national des élus: les maires". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in French). 2 December 2020.
  2. "Populations de référence 2022" (in French). The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 19 December 2024.
  3. Malagasy dictionary: tsy + ilaozana
  4. Linsley, Kohler & Paulhus, World's Greatest Observed Point Rainfalls, Table 3.1
  5. Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
  6. "Cialos (974)" (PDF). Fiche Climatologique: Statistiques 1981–2010 et records (in French). Meteo France. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 October 2019. Retrieved 19 October 2019.
  7. "Normales / Moyennes 1981-2010 / Cilaos (974)" (in French). Météo-France. Retrieved August 28, 2022.
  8. "Extreme temperatures around the world". mherrera.org. Retrieved 16 February 2024.

External links

Communes of the Réunion department
Categories: