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| '''Shahin Dezh''' ({{lang-fa|شاهيندژ}}; also ]d as '''Shāhīn Dezh'''; also known as '''Şā’īn Dezh''', '''Shahindej''', and '''Sahin Dazh'''; formerly, '''Sāīn Kale, {{lang|fa|صائین قالا}}''' and '''Şā’īn Qal‘eh''')<ref>{{GEOnet3|-3081937}}</ref> is the capital city of ], in the ], ]. In the 2006 census, its population was 43،852, with 8,671 families.<ref>{{IranCensus2006|04}}</ref> | '''Shahin Dezh''' ({{lang-fa|شاهيندژ}}; also ]d as '''Shāhīn Dezh'''; also known as '''Şā’īn Dezh''', '''Shahindej''', and '''Sahin Dazh'''; formerly, '''Sāīn Kale, {{lang|fa|صائین قالا}}''' and '''Şā’īn Qal‘eh''')<ref>{{GEOnet3|-3081937}}</ref> is the capital city of ], in the ], ]. In the 2006 census, its population was 43،852, with 8,671 families.<ref>{{IranCensus2006|04}}</ref> | ||
| Shahin Dezh is located about 1,300 meters in elevation. The city is on the ] |
Shahin Dezh is located about 1,300 meters in elevation. The city is on the ], southeast of ]. | ||
| ==History== | |||
| The modern town of Shahin Dezh was formerly known as Ṣāʾīn Kale.<ref name="EI2"/> The name Ṣāʾīn (also spelled Sāīn, Shahin, etcetera.) is derived from the ] ''sayin'', which translates as "good".<ref name="EI2">{{EI2|last=Minorsky|first=V.|title=Ṣāʾīn Ḳalʿa|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/sain-kala-SIM_6498?s.num=20&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-2&s.start=20&s.q=%C4%80d%CC%B2h%CC%B2arb%C4%81yd%CC%B2j%CC%B2%C4%81n|volume=9}}</ref> | |||
| A part of the local ] ]s, who were brought to the area at the beginning of the 19th century by ] ({{reign}}1797–1834), had to migrate to ] in order to make room for the Chardawri (Chardowli) ].<ref name="EI2"/> The chief of the Chardowli's lived at Mahmuddjik and was the commander of {{circa|5,000}} men.<ref name="EI2"/> In 1830, Ṣāʾīn Kale was sacked by ] led by ].<ref name="EI2"/> In 19th-century ], Ṣāʾīn Kale was the site of an Iranian military garrison, and it guarded the entance to the ] through the Zarrineh valley.<ref name="EI2"/> | |||
| The ancient ], first described by ] (1777–1842), and the old site of ] were formerly located in the territory of the Afshars of Ṣāʾīn Kale.<ref name="EI2"/> The lake of Chamli Göl, near the village of Badarli with its floating island were likewise well known at the time.<ref name="EI2"/> Some of the Afshars of Ṣāʾīn Kale belonged to the ] sect.<ref name="EI2"/> | |||
| The old site of Ṣāʾīn Kale is now occupied by the modern town of Shahin Dezh, which is also the chef-lieu of ]. In {{circa|1950}}, its population was 3,170 which by 1991 had increased to 25,050.<ref name="EI2"/> | |||
| The fortress of Ṣāʾīn Kale must not be confused with the similarly named fortress on the Abhar river to the east of ], which was mentioned by ] (1281 – after 1339/40).<ref name="EI2"/> | |||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
| {{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
Revision as of 13:58, 28 March 2021
For the administrative subdivision, see Shahin Dezh County. City in West Azerbaijan, Iran| Shahin Dezh شاهيندژ | |
|---|---|
| City | |
 | |
  Shahin Dezh | |
| Coordinates: 36°40′45″N 46°34′01″E / 36.67917°N 46.56694°E / 36.67917; 46.56694 | |
| Country |  Iran |
| Province | West Azerbaijan |
| County | Shahin Dezh |
| Bakhsh | Central |
| Population | |
| • Total | 43,131 |
| Time zone | UTC+3:30 (IRST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+4:30 (IRDT) |
Shahin Dezh (Template:Lang-fa; also Romanized as Shāhīn Dezh; also known as Şā’īn Dezh, Shahindej, and Sahin Dazh; formerly, Sāīn Kale, صائین قالا and Şā’īn Qal‘eh) is the capital city of Shahin Dezh County, in the West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. In the 2006 census, its population was 43،852, with 8,671 families.
Shahin Dezh is located about 1,300 meters in elevation. The city is on the Zarrineh River, southeast of Lake Urmia.
History
The modern town of Shahin Dezh was formerly known as Ṣāʾīn Kale. The name Ṣāʾīn (also spelled Sāīn, Shahin, etcetera.) is derived from the Mongol sayin, which translates as "good".
A part of the local Turkic Afshars, who were brought to the area at the beginning of the 19th century by Fath-Ali Shah Qajar (r. 1797–1834), had to migrate to Urmia in order to make room for the Chardawri (Chardowli) Lurs. The chief of the Chardowli's lived at Mahmuddjik and was the commander of c. 5,000 men. In 1830, Ṣāʾīn Kale was sacked by Kurds led by Sheikh Ubeydullah. In 19th-century Qajar Iran, Ṣāʾīn Kale was the site of an Iranian military garrison, and it guarded the entance to the Azerbaijan Province through the Zarrineh valley.
The ancient Karaftu caves, first described by Robert Ker Porter (1777–1842), and the old site of Takht-e Soleyman were formerly located in the territory of the Afshars of Ṣāʾīn Kale. The lake of Chamli Göl, near the village of Badarli with its floating island were likewise well known at the time. Some of the Afshars of Ṣāʾīn Kale belonged to the Yarsanism sect.
The old site of Ṣāʾīn Kale is now occupied by the modern town of Shahin Dezh, which is also the chef-lieu of Shahin Dezh County. In c. 1950, its population was 3,170 which by 1991 had increased to 25,050.
The fortress of Ṣāʾīn Kale must not be confused with the similarly named fortress on the Abhar river to the east of Soltaniyeh, which was mentioned by Hamdallah Mustawfi (1281 – after 1339/40).
References
- https://www.amar.org.ir/english
- Shahin Dezh can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3081937" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
- "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)" (Excel). Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original on 2011-09-20.
- ^ Minorsky, V. (1997). "Ṣāʾīn Ḳalʿa". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. & Lecomte, G. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume IX: San–Sze. Leiden: E. J. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-10422-8.
External links
| West Azerbaijan province, Iran | ||
|---|---|---|
| List of cities, towns and villages in West Azerbaijan Province | ||
| Capital |  | |
| Counties and cities | ||
| Tourism | ||
| Places | List of cities, towns and villages in West Azerbaijan Province | |
 | This Shahin Dezh County location article is a stub. You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it. |