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'''Energy in Lebanon''' is dominated by oil, which represents more than 95% of the primary energy consumed in 2017.<ref name=":10" /> The energy market in ] is characterized by sharply rising consumption, and frequent shortages due to dilapidated infrastructure partly destroyed by the civil war that ravaged the country between 1975 and 1990.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |lang=fr|author=|name1=Karam|first1=Matthieu|title=Électricité au Liban : ce qu'il faut savoir pour comprendre une crise qui va crescendo |url=https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1097035/electricite-au-liban-ce-quil-faut-savoir-pour-comprendre-une-crise-qui-va-crescendo.html| website =L'Orient-Le Jour|date=2018-01-31| access-date =2020-02-26}}</ref><ref name=":11">{{cite web |lang=fr |title=Electricité du Liban, symbole de la faillite des élites politiques| url=https://www.lopinion.fr/edition/international/electricite-liban-symbole-faillite-elites-politiques-201337| website =L'Opinion|date=2019-10-25| access-date=2020-02-27}}</ref>
⚫ The primary energy use in 2009 in ] was 77 TWh and 18 TWh per million persons.<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027013037/http://www.iea.org/textbase/nppdf/free/2011/key_world_energy_stats.pdf |date=2011-10-27 }} Page: Country specific indicator numbers from page 48</ref>

Since the 1990s, however, major work has been undertaken by the public authorities to increase production, diversify the energy mix which is highly dependent on imported fossil fuels, and connect many households without access to electricity. The consumption of primary energy has thus increased by more than 4 between 1990 and 2017, going from around 2 to more than 8 tonnes of oil equivalent over this period.<ref name=":10" /> But large gaps between generation capacity and demand persist, mainly for electricity.

⚫ The primary energy use in 2009 in Lebanon was 77 TWh and 18 TWh per million persons.<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027013037/http://www.iea.org/textbase/nppdf/free/2011/key_world_energy_stats.pdf |date=2011-10-27 }} Page: Country specific indicator numbers from page 48</ref>
The great majority of energy used in the country is imported.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lebanon - Countries & Regions - IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/countries/lebanon |website=IEA |access-date=6 July 2020}}</ref> Many Lebanese normally rely on private generators that run on diesel, although that in 2021 was in short supply.<ref name=jpost1021> </ref> The great majority of energy used in the country is imported.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lebanon - Countries & Regions - IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/countries/lebanon |website=IEA |access-date=6 July 2020}}</ref> Many Lebanese normally rely on private generators that run on diesel, although that in 2021 was in short supply.<ref name=jpost1021> </ref>


Revision as of 00:21, 10 October 2021

Map of Lebanon

Energy in Lebanon is dominated by oil, which represents more than 95% of the primary energy consumed in 2017. The energy market in Lebanon is characterized by sharply rising consumption, and frequent shortages due to dilapidated infrastructure partly destroyed by the civil war that ravaged the country between 1975 and 1990.

Since the 1990s, however, major work has been undertaken by the public authorities to increase production, diversify the energy mix which is highly dependent on imported fossil fuels, and connect many households without access to electricity. The consumption of primary energy has thus increased by more than 4 between 1990 and 2017, going from around 2 to more than 8 tonnes of oil equivalent over this period. But large gaps between generation capacity and demand persist, mainly for electricity.

The primary energy use in 2009 in Lebanon was 77 TWh and 18 TWh per million persons. The great majority of energy used in the country is imported. Many Lebanese normally rely on private generators that run on diesel, although that in 2021 was in short supply.

As of August 2016, electricity generation capacity in Lebanon still did not meet the country's needs. The country suffers frequent blackouts, and many households and businesses rely on diesel generators for electricity. Lebanon is also selling importing electricity to Syria. Domestic electricity is delivered at 230 V 50 Hz.

A major support for the expansion of solar energy in Lebanon is the Net Metering policy which has been adopted and approved by the Électricité du Liban (EDL). Its advantages include legal and technical simplicity, in addition to the free installation of meters by EDL.

In May 2021, Turkish Karpowership, which provided Lebanon with 370 megawatts (MW) in exchange for $850 million per year, ceased its supply due to payment arrears and legal threats to its two barges, MV Karadeniz Powership Fatmagül Sultan and MV Karadeniz Powership Orhan Bey. In October 2021, Lebanon had no centrally generated electricity after fuel shortages forced the shutting down of its two largest power stations, the Zahrani power station and the Deir Ammar plant.

Overview

Energy in Lebanon
Capita Prim. energy Production Import Electricity CO2-emission
Million TWh TWh TWh TWh Mt
2004 3.54 63 3 60 8.85 15.29
2007 4.10 46 2 46 8.97 11.35
2008 4.14 61 2 61 9.51 15.23
2009 4.22 77 2 78 13.14 19.33
Change 2004–2009 19% 23% –26% 29% 48% 26%
Mtoe = 11.63 TWh, Prim. energy includes energy losses.

Gas

The Arab Gas Pipeline is a natural gas pipeline exporting Egyptian natural gas to Jordan, Syria and Lebanon, with a separate line to Israel. In August 2021, the Lebanese Presidency stated that Egyptian natural gas would be transported to Jordan, in order to produce more electricity to be added to the grid linking Jordan with Lebanon via Syria.

See also

References

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference :10 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. "Électricité au Liban : ce qu'il faut savoir pour comprendre une crise qui va crescendo". L'Orient-Le Jour (in French). 2018-01-31. Retrieved 2020-02-26. {{cite web}}: |first1= missing |last1= (help); Unknown parameter |name1= ignored (help)
  3. "Electricité du Liban, symbole de la faillite des élites politiques". L'Opinion (in French). 2019-10-25. Retrieved 2020-02-27.
  4. IEA Key energy statistics 2011 Archived 2011-10-27 at the Wayback Machine Page: Country specific indicator numbers from page 48
  5. "Lebanon - Countries & Regions - IEA". IEA. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
  6. ^ Lebanon power outage will last several days, official says
  7. "Lebanon energy plan". Power Technology | Energy News and Market Analysis. 24 May 2019. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
  8. Moore, Henrietta L.; Collins, Hannah (February 2020). "Decentralised renewable energy and prosperity for Lebanon" (PDF). Energy Policy. 137: 111102. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2019.111102.
  9. Decision No. 318-32 / 2011
  10. Issam Shabani; Mohammad Chaaban (2020). "Technical Overview of the Net Metering in Lebanon". Trends in Renewable Energy. 6 (3). doi:10.17737/tre.2020.6.3.00126.
  11. "Turkey's Karpowership shuts down power to Lebanon". Reuters. 14 May 2021.
  12. "Turkish Firm Just Cut The Electricity Supply To Lebanon". the961.com. 14 May 2021.
  13. IEA Key World Energy Statistics 2011, Archived 2011-10-27 at the Wayback Machine 2010, Archived 2010-10-11 at the Wayback Machine 2009, Archived 2013-10-07 at the Wayback Machine 2006 Archived 2009-10-12 at the Wayback Machine IEA October, crude oil p.11, coal p. 13 gas p. 15
  14. "Egypt to export gas to Jordan to secure electricity for Lebanon: Beirut". Egypt Today. 19 August 2021.
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