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| The '''Udayar''', also called '''Parkavakulam''', is a ] found in the state of ], India |
The '''Udayar''', also called '''Parkavakulam''', is a ] found in the state of ], India. | ||
| == Etymology == | == Etymology == | ||
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| The word ''Udayar'' in ] means ''Lord'' or ''Possessor'' as in ''Possessor of land or kingdom''.{{cn|date=July 2020}} | The word ''Udayar'' in ] means ''Lord'' or ''Possessor'' as in ''Possessor of land or kingdom''.{{cn|date=July 2020}} | ||
| == Present status == | |||
| Udaiyars are landlords, cultivators and having huge agricultural lands. They are big landlords in those villages they living. They are socially high caste. Together with saiva-vellalar udaiyars too socially higher caste. Malayaman udaiyars are veg-eaters, non-veg haters. | |||
| According to Selva Raj, the Udayar are "socially humbler" than the ] community<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hEJ-vMgbSlwC|title=Sacred Play: Ritual Levity and Humor in South Asian Religions|last=Raj|first=Selva J.|publisher=SUNY Press|year=2010|isbn=9781438429793|editor1-last=Raj|editor1-first=Selva J.|location=|page=87|pages=|chapter=Serious Levity at the Shrine of St. Anne in South India|accessdate=2012-05-01|editor2-last=Dempsey|editor2-first=Corinne G.}}</ref> but, together with the ] and ], form the Marava castes, who are quite dominant in the region variously known as ] and the ] country.<ref>{{cite book |chapter=Transgressing Boundaries, Transcending Turner: The Pilgrimage Tradition at the Shrine of St. John de Britto |first=Selva J. |last=Raj |title=Popular Christianity in India: Riting Between the Lines |editor1-first=Selva J. |editor1-last=Raj |editor2-first=Corinne G. |editor2-last=Dempsey |publisher=SUNY Press |year=2002 |page=86 |isbn=9780791455197 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zv42cV5dQmYC |accessdate=2012-05-01}}</ref> | |||
| == Religion == | == Religion == | ||
Revision as of 05:20, 13 October 2021
This article is about the Indian caste. For other uses, see Udayar.
| Udayar or Parkavakulam | |
|---|---|
| Religions | Hinduism, Christianity |
| Languages | Tamil |
| Country | India |
| Populated states | Tamil Nadu |
| Related groups | Tamil people |
The Udayar, also called Parkavakulam, is a caste found in the state of Tamil Nadu, India.
Etymology
The word Udayar in Tamil means Lord or Possessor as in Possessor of land or kingdom.
Present status
According to Selva Raj, the Udayar are "socially humbler" than the Vellalar community but, together with the Pallar and Kallar, form the Marava castes, who are quite dominant in the region variously known as Ramnad and the Maravar country.
Religion
In Ramnad and the nearby areas of Pudukottai, Madurai, Salem, Namakkal, Tanjore and Trichy, they and their two fellow Maravar caste groups are prominent in their cult worship of the shrine at Oriyur that commemorates John de Britto, a 17th-century Portuguese Jesuit missionary and martyr. Raj says, "A notable feature of the Britto cult is that it is centered around caste identities rather than religious affiliation", and thus members of the caste-group, irrespective of their religious affiliation regard Britto as their clan-deity.
Some Udayars are Roman Catholic Christians.
References
- Raj, Selva J. (2010). "Serious Levity at the Shrine of St. Anne in South India". In Raj, Selva J.; Dempsey, Corinne G. (eds.). Sacred Play: Ritual Levity and Humor in South Asian Religions. SUNY Press. p. 87. ISBN 9781438429793. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
- Raj, Selva J. (2002). "Transgressing Boundaries, Transcending Turner: The Pilgrimage Tradition at the Shrine of St. John de Britto". In Raj, Selva J.; Dempsey, Corinne G. (eds.). Popular Christianity in India: Riting Between the Lines. SUNY Press. p. 86. ISBN 9780791455197. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
- ^ Raj, Selva J. (2002). "Transgressing Boundaries, Transcending Turner: The Pilgrimage Tradition at the Shrine of St. John de Britto". In Raj, Selva J.; Dempsey, Corinne G. (eds.). Popular Christianity in India: Riting Between the Lines. SUNY Press. p. 87. ISBN 978-0-79145-519-7.
- Palanithurai, Ganapathy; Ragupathy, Varadarajan (2008). Communities Panchayats and Governance at Grassroots. Concept Publishing Company. p. 138. ISBN 9788180695636. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
Further reading
- Burkhart, Geoffrey (June 1972). "Ranges of Endogamy in a Tamil Group". Indian Anthropologist. 2 (1): 1–6. JSTOR 41919203.
- Burkhart, Geoffrey (January 1976). "On the absence of descent groups among some Udayars of South India". Contributions to Indian Sociology. 10 (1): 31–61. doi:10.1177/006996677601000102.