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⚫ |caption1 = A sub-caliber ] projectile in its sabot.
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|caption2 = A sub-caliber ] projectile separating from its sabot.
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'''Sub-caliber ammunition''' is ] were the projectile has a smaller diameter then the bore of the ] from which it is fired. Firing sub-caliber ammunition has several potential benefits compared to full-caliber ammunition. It can for example allow for much higher muzzle velocities due to smaller lighter projectiles being fired from relatively larger propellant charges,<ref name="Rollo">{{Cite journal|last=Rollof|first=Yngve|date=|title=Artillerimaterielens utvecklingstendenser under senaste decenniet|url=|journal=Tidskrift i Sjöväsendet|volume=Number 7 1953|pages=|via=Kungliga Örlogsmannasällskapet}}</ref> but it can also lower the cost of ammunition due to less material being used to produce the round compared to a full-caliber ammunition etc. '''Sub-caliber ammunition''' is ] were the projectile has a smaller diameter then the bore of the ] from which it is fired. Firing sub-caliber ammunition has several potential benefits compared to full-caliber ammunition. It can for example allow for much higher muzzle velocities due to smaller lighter projectiles being fired from relatively larger propellant charges,<ref name="Rollo">{{Cite journal|last=Rollof|first=Yngve|date=|title=Artillerimaterielens utvecklingstendenser under senaste decenniet|url=|journal=Tidskrift i Sjöväsendet|volume=Number 7 1953|pages=|via=Kungliga Örlogsmannasällskapet}}</ref> but it can also lower the cost of ammunition due to less material being used to produce the round compared to a full-caliber ammunition etc.


Revision as of 07:44, 29 December 2021

Sub-caliber_ammunitionA sub-caliber armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot projectile in its sabot.A sub-caliber armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot projectile separating from its sabot.

Sub-caliber ammunition is firearm ammunition were the projectile has a smaller diameter then the bore of the gun barrel from which it is fired. Firing sub-caliber ammunition has several potential benefits compared to full-caliber ammunition. It can for example allow for much higher muzzle velocities due to smaller lighter projectiles being fired from relatively larger propellant charges, but it can also lower the cost of ammunition due to less material being used to produce the round compared to a full-caliber ammunition etc.

Several methods exists to be able to fire sub-caliber ammunition.

Sabot method

Sub-caliber armour-piercing discarding sabot projectile. Here seen with and without its sabot as well as its internal tungsten core.

The most traditional way to fire sub-caliber ammunition is to fit the projectile with an expendable sabot. The sabot is a device which fills out the missing caliber when the projectile is fired and then leaves the projectile once it has left the barrel.

Saboted sub-caliber ammunition types

Flange method

Sub-caliber squeeze bore projectiles. Here seen in two examples: an armor-piercing composite non-rigid projectile with a tungsten core, and a regular armor-piercing non-rigid projectile without a tungsten core.

A common method during World War Two, often called the Gerlich-, Littlejohn- or tapered bore principle, was to fit sub-caliber ammunition with soft metal flanges filling out the missing caliber and then fire them from squeeze bore barrels. Squeeze bore barrels, often found on shotguns (see Choke (firearms)), progressively decreases its bore diameter towards the muzzle, resulting in a reduced final bore. When fired the flanges on the projectile would fold inwards as it travels through the reducing inner diameter of the squeeze bore.

Flanged sub-caliber ammunition types

Sub-caliber barrel

A third method is to simply fit a smaller barrel into the original full caliber weapon which then allows the firing of smaller caliber cartridges. This is called sub-caliber training and it is used to lower the cost of training with large caliber weapons by allowing them to fire cheaper lower caliber ammunition and to not put wear on the original barrel.

References

Notes

  1. ^ Rollof, Yngve. "Artillerimaterielens utvecklingstendenser under senaste decenniet". Tidskrift i Sjöväsendet. Number 7 1953 – via Kungliga Örlogsmannasällskapet. {{cite journal}}: |volume= has extra text (help)
  2. AMORDLISTA, Preliminär ammunitionsordlista. Sweden: Försvarets materielverk (FMV), huvudavdelningen för armémateriel. 1979. p. 35.
  3. "sfhm-skriftserie_handbok-artilleripjaser-och-eldrorsvapen-1800-2000.pdf" (PDF).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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